Ministerial Order no 003/24/10/TC establishing land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District

Umwaka wa 63 Igazeti ya Leta n° Idasanzwe yo ku wa 25/09/2024 Year 63 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 63ème Année Journal Officiel n° Spécial du 25/09/2024 Ibirimo/Summary/Sommaire page/urup Iteka rya Minisitiri/ Ministerial Order/ Arrêté Ministériel Iteka rya Minisitiri no 003/24/10/TC ryo ku wa 22/08/2024 rishyiraho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare...................................2 Ministerial Order no 003/24/10/TC of 22/08/2024 establishing land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District.................................................................................................................2 Arrêté Ministériel no 003/24/10/TC du 22/08/2024 établissant le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare.....................................................................2 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 1 ITEKA RYA MINISITIRI N° 003/24/10/TC RYO KU WA 22/08/2024 RISHYIRAHO IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA NYAGATARE ISHAKIRO Ingingo ya mbere: Ishyirwaho Ingingo ya 2: Ibigize igishushanyo mbonera Ingingo ya 3: Itangazwa Ingingo ya 4: Igihe igishushanyo mbonera kimara Ingingo ya 5: Ivugururwa Ingingo ya 6: Ingingo y’ururimi Ingingo ya 7: Gutangira gukurikizwa MINISTERIAL ORDER N° 003/24/10/TC OF 22/08/2024 ESTABLISHING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF NYAGATARE DISTRICT TABLE OF CONTENTS Article One: Establishment Article 2: Composition Article 3: Publication Article 4: Period of validity Article 5: Revision Article 6: Language provision Article 7: Entry into force ARRÊTÉ MINISTÉRIEL N° 003/24/10/TC DU 22/08/2024 ÉTABLISSANT LE SHEMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE NYAGATARE TABLE DES MATIÈRES Article premier: Établissement Article 2: Composition Article 3: Publication Article 4: Période de validité Article 5: Révision Article 6: Disposition linguistique Article 7: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 2 ITEKA RYA MINISITIRI N° 003/24/10/TC RYO KU WA 22/08/2024 RISHYIRAHO IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA NYAGATARE Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi; Ashingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda; Ashingiye ku Itegeko n° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo ya 59; Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye ku wa 11/09/2023 imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; ATEGETSE: Ingingo ya mbere: Ishyirwaho Hashyizweho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare. MINISTERIAL ORDER N° 003/24/10/TC OF 22/08/2024 ESTABLISHING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF NYAGATARE DISTRICT The Minister of Finance and Economic Planning; Pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda; Pursuant to Law no 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 governing land, especially in Article 59; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet, in its meeting of 11/09/2023; ORDERS: Article One: Establishment The land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District is established. ARRÊTÉ MINISTÉRIEL N° 003/24/10/TC DU 22/08/2024 ÉTABLISSANT LE SHEMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE NYAGATARE Le Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda; Vu la Loi nº 27/2021 du 10/06/2021 portant régime foncier, spécialement en son article 59; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres, en sa séance du 11/09/2023; ARRÊTE: Article premier: Établissement Il est établit le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 3 Ingingo ya 2: Ibigize igishushanyo mbonera Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare, kigizwe n’ibi bikurikira: (a) raporo rusange y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka cy’Akarere; (b) amakuru ndangahantu y’igishushanyo mbonera; (c) amabwiriza agenga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo. Ingingo ya 3: Itangazwa (1) Raporo rusange y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare iri ku mugereka w’iri teka. (2) Amakuru ndangahantu y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’akarere ka Nyagatare n’amabwiriza agenga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo bitangazwa ku rubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga rwagenwe n’urwego rufite imicungire Article 2: Composition The District land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District is composed of the following: (a) the main report of the District land use and development master plan; (b) zoning plan; (c) zoning regulations. Article 3: Publication (1) The main report of the land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District is annexed to this Order. (2) The zoning plan and zoning regulations of the land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District are published on the website designated by the organ in charge of land use management. Article 2: Composition Le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare est composé de ce qui suit : (a) le rapport général du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District; (b) le plan de zonage; (c) le règlement de zonage. Article 3: Publication (1) Le rapport général du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare est annexé au présent arrêté. (2) Le plan de zonage et le règlement de zonage du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare sont publiés sur le site web désigné par Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 4 n’imikoreshereze by’ubutaka mu nshingano. Ingingo ya 4: Igihe igishushanyo mbonera kimara Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare gikurikizwa kugeza mu 2050. Ingingo ya 5: Ivugururwa (1) Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare gishobora kuvugururwa cyose nyuma y’imyaka icumi cyangwa ikindi gihe bibaye ngombwa uhereye ku munsi gishyiriweho. (2) Ivugururwa ry’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare rishobora kandi gukorwa rireba agace gato igihe bibaye ngombwa bitabangamiye iterambere ry’utundi duce kandi hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Article 4: Period of validity The land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District is implemented until 2050. Article 5: Revision (1) The land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District may be comprehensively reviewed after ten years or whenever considered necessary from the date of its establishment. (2) The revision of land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District may also be done on a specific area, when considered necessary, without compromising the development of other areas in accordance with relevant laws. l’organe ayant l’utilisation et la gestion des terres dans ses attributions. Article 4: Période de validité Le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare est mis en œuvre jusqu’en 2050. Article 5: Révision (1) Le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare peut être entièrement révisé après dix ans ou chaque fois que cela est jugé nécessaire à partir du jour de son établissement. (2) La révision du schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare peut également être effectuée sur une zone spécifique, en cas de besoin, sans compromettre le développement des autres zones conformément à la législation en la matière. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 5 Ingingo ya 6: Ingingo y’ururimi Iri teka ryateguwe mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. Ingingo ya 7: Gutangira gukurikizwa Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Agaciro karyo gahera ku wa 11/09/2023. Article 6: Language provision This Order was drafted in Ikinyarwanda. Article 7: Entry into force This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. It takes effect as of 11/09/2023. Article 6: Disposition linguistique Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en Ikinyarwanda. Article 7: Entrée en vigueur Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Il prend ses effets à partir du 11/09/2023. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 6 Kigali, 22/08/2024 (sé) MURANGWA Yusuf Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Minister of Finance and Economic Planning Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 7 UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA RYA MINISITIRI N° 003/24/10/TC RYO KU WA 22/08/2024 RISHYIRAHO IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA NYAGATARE ANNEX TO MINISTERIAL ORDER N° 003/24/10/TC OF 22/08/2024 ESTABLISHING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF NYAGATARE DISTRICT ANNEXE À L’ARRÊTÉ MINISTÉRIEL N° 003/24/10/TC DU 22/08/2024 ÉTABLISSANT LE SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE NYAGATARE IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CY’IMIKORESHEREZE N’IMITUNGANYIRIZE BY’UBUTAKA CY’AKARERE KA NYAGATARE THE LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN OF NYAGATARE DISTRICT LE SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D’UTILISATION ET D’AMÉNAGEMENT DES TERRES DU DISTRICT DE NYAGATARE Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 8 NYAGATARE 2023-2050 District Land Use Plan 2023 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 9 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 i Report Title Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023 - 2050 Project title Nyagatare District Land Use Plan Report Owner Nyagatare District District Council Approval 2nd October 2022 Cabinet’s Approval 11th September, 2023 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 10 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... II LIST OF MAPS .............................................................................................................................. V LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... VIII LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ X 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN .............................................................. 1 1.2 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 NYAGATARE DISTRICT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Geographical location ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 Hydrography .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.3 Climate and Rainfall .................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.4 Topography ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.5 Soil and erosion ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.6 Flora and Fauna ......................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.7 Land Cover ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.8 District Strength Weaknesses, Opportunities Threats Analysis .............................................. 10 2 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................. 22 2.1 POLICIES ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 LAWS AND REGULATIONS ................................................................................................ 22 2.3 GUIDELINES ..................................................................................................................... 23 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 24 3.1 CONSULTATION ................................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1 Consultation at Sector and District level ................................................................................. 25 3.1.2 Consultation with National Stakeholders ................................................................................ 25 3.2 DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2.1 Spatial data collection .............................................................................................................. 26 3.2.2 Non-Spatial data collection...................................................................................................... 27 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 28 3.4 REPORT COMPILATION ...................................................................................................... 28 4 NYAGATARE DISTRICT LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ............. 29 4.1 VISIONING AND ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION ................................................................... 29 4.1.1 National Context ...................................................................................................................... 29 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 11 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 iii 4.1.2 Visioning of Nyagatare District ............................................................................................... 29 4.1.3 Economic Specialization ......................................................................................................... 30 4.2 POPULATION, URBANIZATION, SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING (PUSH) ............................... 30 4.2.1 Population ................................................................................................................................ 30 4.2.2 Urbanization and Settlements .................................................................................................. 35 4.2.3 Housing development in Nyagatare District ............................................................................ 52 4.3 TRANSPORTATION ............................................................................................................ 62 4.3.1 Existing situation ..................................................................................................................... 62 4.3.2 Planning perspectives .............................................................................................................. 64 4.4 PUBLIC FACILITIES............................................................................................................ 67 4.4.1 Existing situation of public facilities ....................................................................................... 67 4.4.2 Planning perspectives of public facilities ................................................................................ 71 4.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES ............................................................................................................. 75 4.5.1 Power supply ........................................................................................................................... 75 4.5.2 Water supply ............................................................................................................................ 77 4.6 AGRICULTURE .................................................................................................................. 80 4.6.1 Existing situation ..................................................................................................................... 80 4.6.2 Planning perspectives .............................................................................................................. 84 4.7 LIVESTOCK ....................................................................................................................... 87 4.7.1 Existing situation ..................................................................................................................... 87 4.7.2 Planning Perspective ................................................................................................................ 88 4.8 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES ..................................................................... 89 4.8.1 Forestry .................................................................................................................................... 89 4.8.2 Swamplands ............................................................................................................................. 92 4.8.3 Water bodies ............................................................................................................................ 94 4.8.4 Mining ..................................................................................................................................... 95 4.8.5 Green Urbanization .................................................................................................................. 98 4.8.6 Waste Management ............................................................................................................... 100 4.8.7 Storm water Management ...................................................................................................... 102 4.9 TOURISM AND CONSERVATION ....................................................................................... 104 4.9.1 Existing situation ................................................................................................................... 105 4.9.2 Planning perspectives ............................................................................................................ 106 4.10 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................. 111 4.10.1 National Context on Economic Development ................................................................... 111 4.10.2 Employment Situation in Nyagatare District .................................................................... 111 4.10.3 Trade and Industry ............................................................................................................ 113 4.11 NYAGATARE DISTRICT LAND USE BALANCE SHEET ...................................................... 116 4.11.1 Existing District Land Use Balance Sheet ........................................................................ 116 4.11.2 District Proposed Land Use Balance Sheet ....................................................................... 118 5 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ............................................................................ 121 5.1 THE NEW HIERARCHY STRUCTURE OF PLANNING ............................................................ 121 5.2 EXISTING LEGAL ENFORCEMENT AND FRAMEWORK ...................................................... 122 5.3 PHASING PLAN ............................................................................................................... 125 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 12 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 iv 5.4 INCREMENTAL HOUSING IN NYAGATARE URBAN AREAS ............................................... 128 5.5 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS & CATALYTIC PROJECTS ......................................... 128 5.5.1 Construction and upgrading land and Air transportation in Nyagatare District .................... 128 5.5.2 Construction and upgrading existing electrical lines transmissions ...................................... 129 5.5.3 Development of General and light industries in Nyagatare District ...................................... 129 5.5.4 Agriculture and livestock modernization ............................................................................... 129 5.5.5 Construction water distribution lines ..................................................................................... 130 5.5.6 Development of housing sector and unplanned settlement upgrading .................................. 130 5.5.7 Muvumba Multipurpose Dam Irrigation Project ................................................................... 130 5.6 LAND READJUSTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF DETAILED PHYSICAL PLANS ................. 133 5.7 OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF DLUP ...................................... 134 5.8 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING .................................................................................... 134 5.9 ZONING PLAN AND REGULATIONS .................................................................................. 135 5.9.1 Objective of the Zoning Plan and Regulations ...................................................................... 135 5.9.2 Purpose of the Zoning Regulations ........................................................................................ 136 5.9.3 Zoning Map & Interpretation................................................................................................. 136 5.9.4 Zoning Plan............................................................................................................................ 136 5.9.5 Nyagatare DLUP Zoning Map............................................................................................... 138 5.9.6 Identification of Zoning Categories for Nyagatare DLUP .................................................... 138 6 REFERENCE ...................................................................................................................... 148 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 13 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 v LIST OF MAPS Map 1:Location of Nyagatare District ............................................................................................... 4 Map 2:Stream network in Nyagatare District .................................................................................... 5 Map 3: Slope Map of Nyagatare District .......................................................................................... 7 Map 4: Land Cover 2016 ................................................................................................................... 8 Map 5: Planned Urban settlements in Nyagatare District by 2021-2035 ........................................ 37 Map 6: Nyagatare Secondary City Master Plan .............................................................................. 38 Map 7: Land Use Map of Rukomo Rurban ..................................................................................... 41 Map 8: Land use map of Rwimiyaga Rurban .................................................................................. 42 Map 9: Land Use Map of Matimba Rurban .................................................................................... 44 Map 10: Land Use Map of Karangazi Rurban ................................................................................ 45 Map 11: Illustrated Map of road network in Nyagatare District ..................................................... 63 Map 12: Nyagatare Existing health care and education facilities ................................................... 68 Map 13: Accessibility of existing health care facilities in settlement boundaries in Nyagatare District ......................................................................................................................................................... 69 Map 14: Distribution of existing school facilities to settlements in Nyagatare District. ................ 70 Map 15: Nyagatare transmission and distribution network ............................................................. 76 Map 16: Water Distribution and Accessibility ................................................................................ 78 Map 17: Categories of swamplands in the district .......................................................................... 93 Map 18: Location of Mining & Quarries in Nyagatare District ...................................................... 97 Map 19: Nyagatare District Proposed Uses & Zoning Plan 2023-2050 ....................................... 120 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 14 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Planning steps used during elaboration and review of Nyagatare DLUP 2023-2050. .... 25 Figure 2: Consultative meetings in Nyagatare District ................................................................... 25 Figure 3: Consultative meetings with National Stakeholders ......................................................... 26 Figure 4: Field survey in Nyagatare District ................................................................................... 27 Figure 5: Distribution of population by Administrative Sectors , NISR 2012 ............................... 32 Figure 6: Density of the population in Sectors Figure 7: Density of the population in villages ......................................................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 8: distribution (count and %) of the population of Nyagatare District by residence. .......... 35 Figure 9: National Urbanization Hierarchy 2050 ............................................................................ 36 Figure 10: Extension of Secondary City at Ryabega Village and Ryabega Center ........................ 39 Figure 11: Land Use Map of Mimuri Rurban ................................................................................. 47 Figure 12: Distribution of settlements and building 2021 ............................................................... 48 Figure 13: Planned rural settlements 2023-2050. ........................................................................... 50 Figure 14: Houses footprints distribution outside settlements boundaries in 2020........................ 50 Figure 15: Housing typology and Plot setbacks in Rural Residential zone (R1B) ......................... 55 Figure 16: Housing typology and Plot setbacks in Low Density Residential Densification Zone (R1A) ............................................................................................................................................... 56 Figure 17: Housing typology and plot setbacks in Low Density Residential Zone (R1) ................ 57 Figure 18: Housing typology and Plot setbacks Medium Density Residential - Improvement Zone (R2) .................................................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 19: Housing typology and Plot setbacks in Medium Density Residential - Expansion Zone (R3) .................................................................................................................................................. 59 Figure 20: Housing typology and plot setbacks .............................................................................. 60 Figure 21: Railway and Road transportation network according to NLUDMP 2020-2050........... 66 Figure 22: A section of the approved alignment of Kampala-Kigali railway trajectory ................. 66 Figure 23: Cemeteries in Nyagatare District. .................................................................................. 71 Figure 24: Type of main crops in the district .................................................................................. 81 Figure 25: Suitability of Priority Crop ............................................................................................ 82 Figure 26: irrigation techniques in farming ..................................................................................... 84 Figure 27 : Swamplands in Nyagatare District................................................................................ 85 Figure 28: Muvumba multipurpose Dam and irrigation project ..................................................... 86 Figure 29: High slopes of more than 55% proposed for afforestation in livestock zones............... 91 Figure 30: Storm water catchment to the Nyagatare city. ............................................................. 104 Figure 31: Tourism Investment Areas ........................................................................................... 106 Figure 32: Tourism activities in Nyagatare District ...................................................................... 107 Figure 33: Map showing DMAs .................................................................................................... 108 Figure 34: Gikoba Underground-Source: The New Times ........................................................... 110 Figure 35: Employment by branch of economic activity in Nyagatare District, RLFS 2022 ....... 112 Figure 36: Industrial Park Status, 2019 ......................................................................................... 114 Figure 37: Main selling points, Source: National Base map, 2020 ............................................... 115 Figure 38: Industrial development area in Nyagatare District ...................................................... 116 Figure 39: Existing Land use 2021 ................................................................................................ 117 Figure 40: Agriculture and livestock lands mapped as wooded savannah, a category of forests. 118 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 15 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 vii Figure 41: Built areas that will be gained for agriculture after relocation of settlements. ............ 120 Figure 42: The new hierarchy of land use planning in Rwanda .................................................... 122 Figure 43: Nyagatare City and Rukomo Rurban Phasing Implementation ................................... 126 Figure 44: Phasing Implementation of Rwimiyaga, Matimba, Karangazi and Mimuli Rurbans .. 127 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 16 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Illustrates the district topography. ....................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Land Cover in Nyagatare by 2018 (Source: NLA) ............................................................ 9 Table 3: Nyagatare District SWOT Analysis (DDS 2018-2024) .................................................... 20 Table 4: Key District economic potentialities (Source: Nyagatare LED Strategy, 2017) ............... 21 Table 5: Nyagatare District population per Administrative Sectors (NISR 2012&2022) ............... 31 Table 6: Nyagatare District population and housing projection for the years up to 2050 ............... 34 Table 7: Planned settlements in Nyagatare District ........................................................................ 37 Table 8: Land use balance sheet of Nyagatare secondary city ........................................................ 39 Table 9: Land use balance sheet of Rukomo rurban 2023-2050 .................................................... 41 Table 10: Land use balance sheet of Rwimiyaga Rurban ............................................................... 43 Table 11: Land use balance sheet of Matimba rurban ..................................................................... 44 Table 12: Land use balance sheet of Karangazi ruban .................................................................... 46 Table 13: Land Use balance sheet of Mimuri Rurban ..................................................................... 47 Table 14: Rural settlement sites per Sector. .................................................................................... 50 Table 15: Number and area coverage of building footprints outside Settlements boundaries in 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................... 51 Table 16: Accessibility of infrastructure to the rural settlement ..................................................... 51 Table 17: Nyagatare DLUP rural settlement sites and rurban centers compliance with NLUDMP ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 Table 18: Housing stock in Nyagatare by 2050 .............................................................................. 53 Table 19: Densification Principles .................................................................................................. 53 Table 20: Recommended housing types and plots size ................................................................... 59 Table 21: Nyagatare District roads’ length ..................................................................................... 63 Table 22: Planned Nyagatare Road network Classification ............................................................ 67 Table 23: Categories road width in Matimba, Rwimiyaga, Rukomo, Mimuli and Karangazi rurban network classification in Nyagatare District class 1 & 2 ................................................................ 67 Table 24: District Public Facilities land size ................................................................................... 68 Table 25: Recommended future schools, health, religious facilities ............................................... 75 Table 26: Electricity demand projection ......................................................................................... 77 Table 27: Water consumption between urban and rural areas ........................................................ 79 Table 28: Different parameters and crops suitability at country level ............................................ 82 Table 29: Muvumba dam description .............................................................................................. 87 Table 30: Planned Land uses in Nyagatare DLUP within Muvumba Irrigation Project ................. 87 Table 31: Tourism segment by 2050 ............................................................................................. 105 Table 32: Land size of tourism areas for 2050 .............................................................................. 106 Table 33: Employment projection in Nyagatare District by 2050 ................................................ 113 Table 34: Land Allocation in Nyagatare DLUP 2021- 2035 ....................................................... 119 Table 35: Key Stakeholder Institutional framework for the Land Use and Development Plan implementation .............................................................................................................................. 124 Table 36: The Nyagatare potential planned project are summarized below: ................................ 133 Table 37: Land Use and Zoning Classification ............................................................................. 147 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 17 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 ix LIST OF ACRONYMS NLUDMP 2020-2050: National Land Use and Development Master Plan DLUP: District Land Use Plan NLA: National Land Authority MOE: Ministry of Environment MININFRA: Ministry of Infrastructures DDS: District Development Strategies MINECOFINE: Ministry of Economic and Planning RHA: Rwanda Housing Authority RURA: Rwanda Utility and Regulatory Agency RDB: Rwanda Development Board COK: City of Kigali EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 18 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nyagatare DLUP cluster is a top priority guiding district development, ensuring efficient land use management in accordance with Vision 2050 and NLUDMP 2020-2050. It is a District spatial plan that is structured around the following thematic areas: o visioning and economic specialization o Population, Urbanization, Settlements, and Housing (PUSH). o Spatial Economy (Employment, manufacturing, industry, mining). o Agriculture. o Environment and Natural Resources (land, forestry, water resource, mining resource, climate change, environment). o Tourism and Conservation. o Transportation. o Infrastructure - Public Utilities (Water, Energy, ICT) o Public Services (Health, Education, Public Administration, Religious, Recreational facilities, etc) o Implementation, Compliance, and Monitoring strategy and guidelines. Nyagatare DLUP initial version, covering 2014-2018, was aligned with the Nyagatare District Urban Development Plan of 2012. However, following the revision of NLUDMP 2020-2050, approved by the Cabinet in July 2020, an assessment revealed discrepancies between Nyagatare DLUP and key national frameworks such as Vision 2050, NLUDMP 2020-2050, NST1, new Land Law, Secondary City Approach, Green Growth Policies, and Sector databases. Additionally, the original Nyagatare DLUP 2014-2018 had become outdated, having been formulated under the EDPRS II and NLUDMP 2020-2050 2010-2020. Consequently, the district undertook a revision of the Nyagatare DLUP, with support from the National Land Authority and other stakeholders. In densely populated countries like Rwanda, where land is scarce, competition and conflict among land users are persistent challenges. To address this, a comprehensive solution for land allocation, considering both short and long-term perspectives, can be achieved through economic and spatial assessments. The primary objective of Nyagatare DLUP is to establish an optimal balance of land use, informed by spatial and economic analyses as outlined in the NLUDMP 2020-2050. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 19 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 xi Covering nearly 1,925 square kilometers, Nyagatare District encompasses various landscapes, including water bodies, protected swamplands, and a portion of Akagera National Park. It is widely agreed that natural forests and parks should remain exempt from land use competition. Therefore, the remaining area becomes the focal point for competing land uses. The DLUP has allocated land for various sectors, with agriculture occupying 1,324.5 km² (68.8% of the district’s land size), urbanization (including urban and rural settlements) covering 171.5 km² (8.9%), forests spanning 328.74 km² (17.1%), and lakes, swamplands, and swampland buffers totaling 100 km² (5%). Nyagatare DLUP spanning from 2023 to 2050 will encompass various land consumers, including Agricultural Lands, Conditional Agriculture in Swamplands, Grassland for livestock, Forest Plantations, Urban Settlements, Rural Settlements, Industrial zones and transportation. The settlements category encompasses secondary land users such as Housing, Commerce and Trade, Public Services, Financial and Business Services, Open spaces, Parks and Sports, Tourism, Urban farming, Urban Forest, Industrial parks, Infrastructure Utilities, Streets, and other urban environmental constraints. This report examines the current coverage of each land-use category, assesses long-term requirements, and determines the allocation of land area necessary for the plan through 2035. The proposed balance sheet attains equilibrium by effectively distributing resources across Natural resources, Arable lands, Built-up areas, and Roads, ensuring a balanced and sustainable approach. To ensure the rapid development of Nyagatare District, several key projects should be prioritized for implementation. These include the implementation of the Railway Northern Corridor, development of the Rutaraka Industrial Park, execution of the Gabiro agriculture hub project, expansion of the Gabiro Airbus project, construction of modern markets in all urban areas, establishment of handcraft industries in all urban areas, installation of electrical substations in Nyagatare District, upgrading existing electrical transmission lines in certain Sectors, and enhancing road network connectivity. The implementation of the Master Plan will be phased to ensure efficient land use and prioritize development initiatives and infrastructure orientation. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 20 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN Aligned with the Government of Rwanda’s Vision 2050, there exists an ambitious objective to propel urbanization forward while concurrently augmenting the average annual growth rates of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the GDP per capita. The realization of this vision promises Rwandan citizens a heightened quality of life, characterized by robust social protection measures, enhanced healthcare services, effective disaster risk reduction strategies, and bolstered food security initiatives. Integral to this vision is the strategic development of urban infrastructure, harmonized with efforts aimed at biodiversity conservation, thereby mitigating citizens’ vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change. Rwanda encompasses a land area of approximately 26,338 km2, inclusive of water bodies. The population stood at around 13.2 million as of 2022, experiencing a growth rate of nearly 2.3 percent annually. Urbanization is on the rise at a rate of 7.5 percent, while agricultural production constitutes over 36.7 percent of export earnings. Over the past twenty-five years, the demand for land in Rwanda has intensified, primarily due to the repatriation of Rwandan refugees from various nations. Addressing the settlement needs of this population received significant emphasis, leading to the subdivision of land and economic rehabilitation efforts. This dynamic is compounded by Rwanda’s inherently rugged terrain and rapid population expansion. Urbanization stands out as a pivotal catalyst for economic advancement, and in line with Vision 2050, the Rwandan government is committed to accelerating urban development while bolstering average annual GDP growth and per capita GDP. Nyagatare District adopted its DLUP on January 12, 2014, along with the district Local Urban Development Plan (LUDP) of 2012. These plans served as guiding frameworks for land development across the district while aligning with the NLUDMP 2020-2050 2010-2020, Vision 2020, and EDPRS II. In 2018, the Government of Rwanda initiated a comprehensive review and update of the NLUDMP 2020-2050 2010-2020. An assessment conducted in 2016-2017 revealed certain bottlenecks, prompting an urgent need for its revision. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 21 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 2 The newly revised and updated NLUDMP 2020-2050, endorsed by the Cabinet in July 2020, aims to address identified issues and provide precise implementation guidelines. Its primary focus is on formulating a new and contemporary spatial framework for the nation. All settlements, whether urban or rural, large or small, including Kigali and the network of secondary cities, are integral components of this national spatial strategy. As per the guidelines outlined in the NLUDMP 2020-2050, every Sector with spatial dimensions and land allocation needs for its activities is advised to revise its master plans and strategies in accordance with NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines. The NLUDMP 2020-2050 introduces the concept of DLUP cluster, a new approach that is strongly recommended. This innovative concept offers inherent compliance through the simultaneous development of a comprehensive set of plans at both the district and Kigali city levels. The DLUP cluster encompasses urban and rural zoning plans, providing detailed guidance for both urban and rural areas. It integrates urban land use zoning, covering cities and urban centers, with rural zoning, which includes villages (Imidugudu), agricultural zones, forestry, and district infrastructure. The DLUP cluster is expected to adhere to the principles of green growth and incorporate climate resilient strategies to establish a sustainable green district land use plan. The development of any master plan within the district should be approached as a unified package, integrating both local urban and rural area plans to achieve coherence at the district level. The outcome will be a comprehensive Zoning Map accompanied by zoning regulations, facilitating cadastral activities, construction permitting systems, and subsequent local physical planning efforts. Through effective enforcement and streamlined permitting services, this approach to planning will significantly mitigate settlement sprawl, fostering compact and sustainable development. In Nyagatare District, as it is equally vital for all other districts, enforcing statutory phasing of implementation is imperative. The overarching principle guiding this phasing is 'zoning', aimed at averting haphazard or distant development. Each subsequent phase must be geometrically integrated with the preceding stage. It is recommended that all district land use plans and the Kigali City master plan adopt a five-year phased approach. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 22 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 3 1.2 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Scope The scope of this project entails the revision of Nyagatare DLUP cluster to encompass the whole district, integrating both urban and rural components into a unified plan. 1.2.2 Objectives The overall objective is to provide the district with a tool that will lead the compact and densified settlements, efficient and optimal use of land to support the implementation of the district strategic vision. The specific objectives for Nyagatare DLUP cluster are as follows: o To provide different scales and cost range of commercial and light industrial solutions, following current and expected market dynamics; o To allow incremental development of commercial and mixed-use buildings following the investment capacity of investors and developers but in respect of clear guidelines; o To integrate Micro-Enterprise Zones in housing areas, mixed with social infrastructure and green open spaces; o To ensure reduction of zones dedicated to single family housing, promotion of densification with incentives to modify building typologies and densities; o To facilitate vertical and horizontal incremental development, allowing phased construction of mixed use, residential or commercial buildings; o To promote upgrading and or redevelopment in high land value areas where land pooling approach will be effective due to cross financing mechanism; o To preserve more parts of Agricultural Land by encouraging land consolidation, also in rural areas; o To provide for the preservation of desirable open space, historic related resources, water resources, swamplands, forests, and other environmentally important lands; o To facilitate adequate provisions for community utilities and facilities such as transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 23 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 4 1.3 NYAGATARE DISTRICT DESCRIPTION 1.3.1 Geographical location Nyagatare District is among seven districts making up the Eastern Province. It is subdivided into 14 Sectors (Imirenge), 106 Cells (Utugari) and 628 Villages (Imidugudu) and spread over an area of 1,741 square kilometers, making it the largest district of the country by area. The district borders Uganda in the north, Tanzania in the east, and in the south by Gatsibo and by Gicumbi District in the West. Map 1:Location of Nyagatare District 1.3.2 Hydrography Nyagatare District comprises of Umuvumba river that cuts across the district, Akagera and Umuyanja rivers passing the district and constituting its limits with Tanzania and Uganda respectively. There is no other consistent river that can be exploited by the population of Nyagatare. The hydrographic network is very limited in Nyagatare District. Few of the rivers found there such as Nyiragahaya, Kayihenda, Karuruma, Nyagasharara and Kaborogota are erratic and intermittent. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 24 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 5 The weak river network constitutes a serious problem to respond to the needs of water for people and animals. Map 2:Stream network in Nyagatare District The above map 2 shows the size of the stream network in Nyagatare District according to the width of the stream from 1 up to 5 respectively. 1.3.3 Climate and Rainfall Nyagatare District experiences four distinct seasons: two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. Traditionally, the minor rainy season spans from September to December, followed by a short dry period from January to February. The long rainy season typically occurs from March to May, succeeded by a long dry spell from June to August. However, recent climate fluctuations have led to irregularities in these patterns. Despite these changes, Nyagatare District maintains a tropical climate with rainfall averaging between 700mm to 1100mm annually. The presence of humid soils due to these rainfall patterns favors agricultural activities in the region. 1.3.4 Topography The district landscape predominantly comprises small hills and flatlands interspersed with valleys. In the southwestern region, notable high mountains are found within the administrative Sectors of Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 25 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 6 Kiyombe, Mukama, Karama, and Gatunda. Mirama Hill stands as the highest point in Nyagatare, while the lowest altitude is situated near Muvumba river. The district lies in a granite low valley whose average altitude is 1515m from Mean Sea level (MSL). This kind of topography is favorable for an important district potentiality to undertake modern and mechanized agriculture. The topography is also characterized in general by low inclined hills separated by dry valleys. Table 1: Illustrates the district topography. The district is located in the granite low valley whose average altitude is 1515 m and which spreads across the plateau and the savannah areas of the Eastern part of the country. Generally, Nyagatare Area covered by Slope above 55% Slope Covered Area Km2 Percentage 0-30 1783.67 92.44 30-35 95.50 4.95 55 and above 50.37 2.61 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 26 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 7 District has flat land that allows for the adoption of mechanized agricultural farming (MINAGRI, 2016). Map 3: Slope Map of Nyagatare District 1.3.5 Soil and erosion 1.3.5.1 Soil The district boasts a rich variety of soils, including humus-bearing soils, granite-based soils, and feral soils. Granite deposits are notably abundant and are actively mined for construction materials. Additionally, the district possesses various geological resources such as stones, gravel, sand, and clay, utilized extensively in construction projects. 1.3.5.2 Erosion As reported in the EICV 5 (NISR, 2017), approximately 41.6% of the land in Nyagatare District is designated as protected against soil erosion. Despite having a lower percentage of irrigated land (4.1%) compared to the national average (6.2%), the district aims to enhance its efforts to achieve the national target of ensuring 100% of land is protected against soil erosion. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 27 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 8 1.3.6 Flora and Fauna Half of Akagera National Park, renowned for its diverse wildlife including lions, elephants, rhinoceroses, giraffes, wild buffaloes, antelopes, hippopotamuses, and numerous other species, falls within Nyagatare District. The park is also home to a vast array of bird species, including birds of prey, guinea fowl, partridges, herons, and more. In Nyagatare, the flora predominantly consists of afforested savanna vegetation, supplemented by forestry gallery formations. 1.3.7 Land Cover With the rapid growth in the last decade, the settlement pattern was mapped by the planners. The latest land Cover elaborated by NLA in the National Topographic map was overlaid with the updated settlement area and based on the latest satellite imagery. The settlement comprises urbanized areas including sprawling urban and village settlements. It increased significantly from 19 km² to 40 km², indicating sprawl and unplanned urban growth in the past years. The land cover pattern shows the settlements have increased in the Sectors of Rwimiyaga, Karangazi, and Nyagatare. The next section details the population growth. Map 4: Land Cover 2016 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 28 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 9 Land Cover 2015 Area Km² 2018-Area Km² 2018-Area Km² Percentage Annual Cropland 497.74 483.62 25.2% Closed Grassland 2.77 2.77 0.1% Closed Shrubland 34.36 34.35 1.8% Moderate Forest 12.34 12.32 0.6% No Data 0.03 0.03 0.0% Open Grassland 503.61 499.26 26.0% Open Shrubland 710.72 701.97 36.6% Other Land 0.01 0.01 0.0% Perennial Cropland 4.00 3.99 0.2% Settlement 18.98 40.28 2.1% Sparse Forest 46.30 46.26 2.4% Water Body 10.74 10.74 0.6% Swampland 83.77 83.77 4.4% Total 1,919.37 100.0% Table 2: Land Cover in Nyagatare by 2018 (Source: NLA) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 29 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 10 1.3.8 District Strength Weaknesses, Opportunities Threats Analysis The following table presents the analysis of Nyagatare District potentialities by using a SWOT-Analysis for the identification of the district potentialities, strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats. SECTOR STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 1. Agriculture o Plenty of land and swamps available for agricultural and livestock production o Soil conditions suitable for maize, beans, Sorghum, coffee, banana, cassava, vegetables, and fruits production o High agricultural and livestock productivity o Availability of manpower o Existence of plains and low inclined hills that make them suitable for agricultural mechanization o Inadequate value addition to agriculture and livestock production o Insufficient agro processing plants o Deficit of agriculture produce storage facilities o Insufficient coffee washing stations o Lack of skilled agricultural technicians and farmers o Lack of agri-business skills o Insufficient modern farms o Insufficient crop irrigation o Availability of unexploited land and swamps o Extensive agriculture and livestock practices o Existence of MCCs and MPCs o Existence of Inyange Industry o Existence of Girinka and other livestock promotion programmes o Existence of financial institutions including UMURENGE SACCOs o Presence of a University that has agriculture and livestock o Insufficient rainfall leading to drought o Degradation and fragile land fragile soil o Deforestation o Prevalence of pests o Animal diseases (high rates of livestock diseases) o Immigration that causes high demography pressure on land Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 30 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 11 o Existence of 8 modern markets for cows (Ryabega, Mbare, Karangazi, Nyendo, Rwimiyaga, Nshuri, Rutare and Nyakigando) o Crops production is labour intensive and therefore, promotes job creation o Easy access to national and district markets o Availability of National Land Consolidation Strategy o Existence of guarantee fund for agriculture, business and rural investments o Insufficient agriculture irrigation and mechanization o Lack of a modern slaughter house o Insufficient veterinary pharmacies and specialized veterinary medicine personnel or staffs o Limited capital (or high initial cost) and/or low number of people accessing both to financial services and business financing facilities o Unsustainable land use management development and promotion in its attribution (UR CAVM) o Existence of active agricultural agencies in the district (RAB and NAEB) o Existence of operational farmers cooperatives o High local and national agricultural and livestock production demand o Existence of investment in agricultural sector o Potentiality for agro forestry o Having the highest number of livestock in the country 2. Private sector Development & Youth Employment o Existence of 2 modern hotels (CityBlue EPIC and Diplomat hotels) o Poorly developed infrastructure at touristic sites o Lack of skilled workforce o Existence of Akagera National park and other attracting touristic sites o Difficulty to compete with established hubs for tourism o Regional competition in tourism Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 31 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 12 o Presence of historical sites o National strategy for tourism development in place o Presence of a granite industry and granite mining currently carried out in the district o Existing of laws and regulations o Limited language skills of the staff to offer multilingual services o Insufficient culture promotion activities and sites o Insufficient markets, udukiriro and selling points o Dynamic Eastern Province Investment Corporation (EPIC) o High tourism demand o Existence of national institutions in charge of tourism development and promotion o International and local markets available o Limited funds o Less population in urban area (10%) o High cost of mining equipment o Global financial crisis that fluctuates the prices 3. Transport o Existence of maintained feeder roads that permit and facilitate the agriculture production transport o Existence of tarmac roads o Interconnection with neighboring networks (Uganda and Tanzania) o Presence of manpower o Insufficient number of car parks o Insufficient tarmac roads o Poor condition of certain roads and bridges o Insufficient public street lighting o Insufficient bikes and pedestrian lanes o Undeveloped aerial transport and river navigation o Existence of public and private partners (MININFRA, World Bank, RTDA) o Existence of plains and low inclined hills that reduce roads construction costs o Low construction cost related to land expropriation o Potentiality to increase the capacity and service quality for the public o High cost of transport infrastructure o High coverage area due to large area of the district Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 32 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 13 transportation sector and green mobility 4. Energy o Existence of off grid energy development (Biogas, solar and cooking stoves) o Existence of electricity o Insufficient of energy generation including renewable energy o Poor condition of electricity lines o Insufficient electricity networks o Lack of hydro power o Presence of renewable energy suppliers (BBOXX, MOBISOL) o Existence of public and private stakeholders (REG, EUCL and MININFRA) o Presence of high sunlight intensity which is a potential for a solar plant development o Unstable power supply o High cost of utilities (energy) o Limited knowledge of renewable energy o Insufficient electricity and energy for industrial use. 5. Water and Sanitation o Presence of water treatment plants and water supply networks o Presence of boreholes o Presence of Rutaraka faecal sludge plant o Existence of cleaning companies o Insufficient water connection (or supply) and production o Shortage of water for the population, especially in Matimba, Musheri, Rwimiyaga, Karangazi and Rwempasha Sectors o Existence of water supply projects funders and partners (MININFRA, WASAC, Water for All, etc.) o Undeveloped waste recycles and management o Few water sources o High cost of utilities (water) for industry Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 33 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 14 o Low presence of rainwater harvesting o Limited usage (operational) of Rutaraka faecal sludge plant o Insufficient waste collection and recycle systems within the district boundary o Low private investments in water production and supply 6. Urbanization and Rural Settlement o Presence of Master plans and Local Urban Development Plans (LUDP) for Nyagatare city and emerging centers o Nyagatare population lives in grouped settlements at 85% o Availability of policy and regulatory frameworks for urban development o Lack of detailed and updated Master plans o Lack of green Local Urban Development Plans o Insufficient and unexploited open spaces o Less skilled technicians in green city development o Insufficient affordable housing o Presence of local building materials (sands, bricks, stones, granite tiles, etc…) o Existence of public and private partners (MININFRA, World Bank, UN-Habitat, GGGI, RHA) o Favourable climate o Unstable power supply o High cost of utilities (energy and water) o High costs of hiring expert consultants o Low number of population in urban area (10%) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 34 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 15 units and real estate development 7. ICT o ICT infrastructure and services available o High rate of IT and communication devices ownership o Increase in ICT users and providers o Insufficient ICT infrastructure and equipment in public and private institutions (schools, hospitals, hotels, etc) o Limited online services o Small coverage of IT system (Internet) and telecommunication facilities (antenna) o Presence of private and public partners (MITEC, MINEDUC, AIRTEL, MTN, etc...) o A dynamic environment with new innovations o Existence of smart cities development strategies in the country o High cost of ICT infrastructure and ICT services o Unskilled labour with respect to ICT technologies (limited knowledge) o Cybercrimes and cyberattacks development 8. Environment and Natural Resources o Existence of rivers (Umuvumba, Akagera and Umuyanja), swamps and valley dams that facilitate agriculture and livestock during dry seasons o Existence of a part of Akagera National park o Deforestation due to intensive usage or need of charcoal and trees (timber or wood) o Environmental degradation due to inadequate mining systems or quarries extraction o Existence of private and public investors and environmental protection institutions such as MoE, REMA, FONERWA, GGGI, etc… o Existence of national environmental policy and rules o Prevalence of natural disasters o Limited funds for environmental protection o Land degradation due to soil erosion and overuse Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 35 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 16 o Presence of mineral deposits and quarries o Insufficient touristic activities and developed sites o Unprotected rivers (soil erosion) o Limited knowledge on environmental protection o Existence of green secondary cities development tools and facilities o Sustainable management of natural resources (minerals, ecosystem services…) 9. Financial Sector Development o ·Presence of Banks and SACCOs o ·Presence of insurance companies o ·Presence of promising agriculture and urbanization sectors o Few people accessing financial services and business financing facilities o Lack of Professionalism in doing business and service delivery o Undeveloped agriculture sector (modern agriculture) o Low exploitation of alternative sources of finance (capacity to mobilize innovative, green financing) o High presence of investors and donors especially in agriculture sector o Increase of ICT coverage or networks and other infrastructure o Presence of private and public institutions (MINECOFIN, BNR, BDF and PSF) o Potential for access to innovative and green financing o National enabling environment of doing business o High interest rate offered by financial institutions o Limited capital and funds Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 36 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 17 10. Social Protection o Availability of poverty reduction strategies o Presence of programs and strategies for supporting poor families o Limited support to poor families o High stunting rate among children o High number of beneficiaries for social protection programs o Existence of Charity Based Organizations o Presence of national supporting institutions (MINALOC, MINECOFIN and LODA) o Limited funds o High population growth o Limited job opportunities o Natural calamities due to climate change that destroy lives and properties 11. Health o Presence of health facilities and services o Presence of programs for eradicating malnutrition o Existence of community-based health insurance o Insufficient health personnel and equipment or facilities with degraded health facilities o Unconnected health facilities to water, electricity and internet o Existence of public and private partners (MoH, RSSB, PSF and CBO) o Prevalence of human diseases development o Increasing resistance to antibiotic drugs o Natural calamities destroying health infrastructure 12. Education o ·Presence of educational institutions (nursery, primary and secondary schools and two universities: o Insufficient classrooms and equipment o Small number of TVET schools and graduates o Availability of private and public investors and donors o Presence of clear national education policy and guidelines o High cost of infrastructure development o Limited teacher wages Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 37 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 18 UR-CAVM and EAU-Rwanda) o Presence of TVET schools o Insufficient schools for people with disabilities 13. Governance and Decentralization o Presence of government entities (villages, cells, sector and district) o Existence of public accountability approaches o District Imihigo performance contract o Existence of a decentralization system o Poor condition of government entities’ infrastructure o Insufficient office equipment o Limited number and knowledge of district staff o Availability of private and public stakeholders o Availability of policies and programs o Strong and good leadership mechanism o Inclusive leadership o High cost of infrastructure development o Limited funds 14. Justice, Reconciliation, Law and Order o Presence of courts including Abunzi intermediate courts (840) o Zero tolerance for corruption o Inclusive Justice support o Availability of home grown solutions and o High number of family conflicts o Human trafficking and other cross border crimes o Limited knowledge of local community regarding laws, rules and policies o Availability of private and public stakeholders o Availability of policies and programs o Bilateral meetings and collaboration between countries o Regional security instability o Limited funds Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 38 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 19 reconciliation mechanisms o Low level of gender mainstreaming in district 15. Sport and Culture o Existence of land reserved for Nyagatare stadium o Availability of feasibility study for Nyagatare stadium construction o Presence of sport and culture clubs o Poor condition and limited number of sport infrastructure (i.e.: stadium, pitches) o Lack of culture villages and undeveloped cultural and historical tourism sites o Lack of culture promotion and development programs and activities o Existence of public and private partners (MINISPOC and FERWAFA) o Existence of policies and strategies for culture and sport development and promotion o Limited funds o High cost for sport infrastructure development 16. Public Financial Management Sector o Increase of tax collection and district revenues o Availability of anticorruption policies, rules and laws o Limited district staff particularly in public management fields o Limited knowledge of district staff o Limited local taxes collection o Existence of public and private partners (MINECOFIN, RRA, PSF, etc…) o Usage of software in public financial management and control o Accessibility and connectivity to internet o Prevalence and increase of cybercrimes and cyberattacks Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 39 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 20 o Strong mechanisms of district accountability o Online systems for monitoring and evaluation of district projects Table 3: Nyagatare District SWOT Analysis (DDS 2018-2024) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 40 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 21 In addition to the SWOT analysis above, Nyagatare Local Economic Strategy (LED), identified the main economic district potentialities as follows: : Table 4: Key District economic potentialities (Source: Nyagatare LED Strategy, 2017) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 41 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 22 2 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 2.1 POLICIES • National Land Policy, June 2019, MoE The revised Land policy of June 2019 focuses on the efficient utilization and management of land to support the national transformation goals without compromising the benefits of future generations. To achieve this objective, the policy outlines actions organized into three core pillars: land use planning, surveying, and mapping; land use management; and land administration. These pillars encompass eight thematic areas: (a) Land use planning, surveying, and mapping; (b) Integration of land utilization across various Sectors; (c) Effective land use management; (d) Facilitation of private sector investment in land; (e) Land registration procedures; (f) Administration of land lease fees, real property taxes, and land markets; (g) Ensuring land rights security and managing land disputes; (h) Institutional framework and coordination mechanisms within the land sub-sector. • National Urbanization Policy, December 2015, MININFRA; • National Human Settlement Policy in Rwanda, May 2009, MININFRA; • National Housing Policy, March 2015, RHA. 2.2 LAWS AND REGULATIONS • Presidential Order n° 038/01 of 20/05/2022 establishing NLUDMP 2020-2050 The Presidential Order n° 038/01 of 20/05/2022 establishing NLUDMP 2020-2050 clearly indicates the planning horizon of the plan for the next 3 decades, its revision process through other plans will comply as well as the responsible institutions to its implementation to which all sectors have to play their key role. After getting the presidential Order establishing the NLUDMP 2020-2050, the remaining task remains on the significance of implementing it through DLUPs and other various tools while ensuring that alignment principle between NLUDMP 2020-2050 and DLUPs and other tools for compliance is ensured. It is from this background that Nyagatare District revised its Land Use Plan, ensuring compliance with the directives set forth in NLUDMP 2020-2050; ● Law n° 27/2021 dated 10/06/2021 governing land in Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 42 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 23 Law n° 27/2021 dated 10/06/2021 governing land in Rwanda has specific provisions on the land use management and development, the institutional framework and procedures for initiation, development, adoption, and establishment of the land use and development plans at District level and the detailed plan of plots and sites development for the implementation of national, City of Kigali and District land use master plans. Nyagatare DLUP was revised taking into consideration other laws related to land management and utilization such as: ● Law n°10/2012 of 02/05/2012 governing urban planning and building in Rwanda. Urban planning should strive for the gradual and adaptable advancement of urban centers within the context of economic and social development policies, incorporating rural planning and environmental preservation objectives; ● Law n°20/2011 of 21/06/2011 governing human habitation in Rwanda. This law governs land occupation and construction on lands reserved for human habitation; ● Ministerial Order N° 04/Cab.M/015 of 18/05/2015 determining urban planning and building regulations; ● Ministerial Order No 005/MoE/22 of 15/02/2022 determining modalities of change of land use. ● Land use plans zoning regulations edition 1, November 2022. ● Ministerial Instructions no.001 of 23/04/2018 determining the management and use of the lands allocated for agriculture and livestock. ● Ministerial Instructions relating to the implementation of the National Grouped Settlement Program in Rural Areas (27 May 2009); 2.3 GUIDELINES Numerous land use planning guidelines established in previous years remain pertinent and continue to inform current practices. While we can mention a few examples, it’s important to note that the list includes: ● Urban Planning and Building Codes, (MININFRA, June 2019); ● Land Use Planning Guidelines, (NLA, December 2017); ● Land Readjustment guidelines (October 2021, NLA); Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 43 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 24 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 CONSULTATION Nyagatare DLUP is the product of various series of consultations and workshops involving a multidisciplinary cross-section of potential users, ranging from the district, the national government agencies involved in planning, the academia, private individuals, and institutions involved in the planning profession. Through multiple iterations, successive drafts of the plan have been subjected to participatory sessions where feedback, comments, and recommendations from stakeholders have been carefully considered and incorporated wherever feasible and relevant. Nyagatare DLUP was developed through a collaborative effort between the district and support from NLA. Staff from both parties collaborated closely throughout the entire process, from inception to completion. This collaborative approach facilitated the sharing of essential data between NLA and Nyagatare District, ensuring a comprehensive and well-informed planning process. Given the collaborative effort between the NLA and Nyagatare District teams, the initial step involved NLA presenting the approved NLUDMP 2020-2050 to District Authorities. This served to raise awareness among district leaders, staff, and stakeholders. Additionally, this activity marked the commencement of the revision of Nyagatare DLUP. Similar to typical planning activities, the project commenced with comprehensive situational and deskwork analysis, involving active participation from all staff members on both sides. Together, they identified available data, determined methodologies, scheduled consultative meetings and investigations, outlined steps for data collection including land surveys and physical analyses, ensured compliance with boundaries for urban, rurban, and rural settlement sites, facilitated dissemination and information sharing for public awareness, and collaborated on the development of draft reports. Throughout each stage, the team worked collectively and cooperatively. After completing the fieldwork, the Nyagatare District team, comprising staff from the One Stop Center with diverse expertise, convened with the NLA team at the Kigali/NLA Head Office for a 3-week period to develop the reports. Subsequently, validation meetings were arranged for the district Council to review both interim and final reports. Inputs were provided by the district Council, executive committee, and stakeholders, who acknowledged the progress made throughout the process, leading to the final approval of Nyagatare DLUP 2023-2050. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 44 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 25 Figure 1: Planning steps used during elaboration and review of Nyagatare DLUP 2023-2050. 3.1.1 Consultation at Sector and District level A variety of consultative meetings were held at District level that brought together different district stakeholders including representatives of Sectors, Cells, Villages, church leaders, civil society organizations, security organs, private sector operators as well as NLA as the coordinating institution of this assignment and district administration with the aim of ensuring that participatory approach especially in terms of discussion and agreement on the priority areas and the implementation strategy. Figure 2: Consultative meetings in Nyagatare District 3.1.2 Consultation with National Stakeholders In May 2019, the Cabinet approved the “Detailed Guidelines for the Coordination Mechanism of the Elaboration and Validation Process of Land Use Plans,” concurrently with the endorsement of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) responsible for ensuring the quality assurance and validation of any Land Use Master Plan. Subsequently, NLA organized a five-day retreat from December 5th to 10th, 2021, held in Musanze District, Northern Province. The primary objective of the retreat was to conduct a comprehensive review of all five DLUPs reports, inclusive of spatial data, with a particular focus on Nyagatare area. Attended by technical staff representatives from TAG, nominated by various institutions responsible for the Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 45 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 26 implementation of land use master plans, the retreat saw participation from Nyagatare District, represented by the Director of One Stop Center. During the retreat, participants examined the process of DLUP elaboration, as well as the targets for 2035, both in textual and spatial formats. They provided direct inputs, comments, and recommendations aimed at enhancing the collaborative efforts between NLA and the districts. The retreat identified areas within the DLUPs that warranted improvement and subsequently furnished inputs based on the priority sectors represented by the participating institutions. NLA ensured that all comments and inputs were meticulously integrated into the finalized reports, reflecting a concerted effort towards enhancing the quality and efficacy of land use planning initiatives. Figure 3: Consultative meetings with National Stakeholders 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 3.2.1 Spatial data collection Based on analysis made from desk review on existing condition features and selected priority areas, NLA team jointly with District One Stop Center team conducted a field land survey and physical analysis within the priority sites both urban, rurban and rural settlements sites. Regarding Nyagatare Secondary City and rurban areas the following sites were visited; Rutaraka industrial site, Rukomo, Mimuri, Matimba, Rwimiyaga, Karangazi rurban as well as other priority sites. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 46 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 27 Regarding rural settlement sites all sectors of Nyagatare District were visited, and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) coordinates were taken especially to clearly identify the boundary consistencies and zoning. Primary data was collected by face-to-face conversations with local communities especially in the areas visited as well as direct observations. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the Geographic Information System (GIS) as well as new satellite images. Figure 4: Field survey in Nyagatare District 3.2.2 Non-Spatial data collection The non-spatial data gathered and utilized in the development of the Nyagatare DLUP encompassed a variety of demographic statistics capturing both current and projected trends. This included the allocation of economic data pertinent to Nyagatare, such as income generation patterns, economic activities vital for sustaining livelihoods within the community, as well as trade dynamics encompassing the movement of goods and services. Additionally, the data collection process covered security-related information and its relevant institutions, alongside statistical data pertaining to religious affiliations and associated movements. These datasets played a pivotal role in informing the development of Nyagatare DLUP, ensuring Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 47 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 28 that the unique characteristics of each situation were thoroughly considered to guide holistic sectoral development. Throughout the land use planning process, partner institutions have contributed valuable collateral data, encompassing both spatial and non-spatial information, as well as updates on ongoing land development projects in the pipeline. It is imperative for all sectoral institutions in Rwanda to align their projects with both present circumstances and future prospects. To facilitate this alignment, institutions are urged to furnish available data pertinent to their projects, thereby supporting planning efforts aimed at harmonizing sectoral demands within the broader context of land use. 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS The NLA team, alongside counterparts from Nyagatare District, convened at the NLA head office in Kigali to conduct a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the field-collected data. Spatial data collected underwent a careful analysis and interpretation utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, complemented by the utilization of Ortho-rectified satellite images. The task of data interpretation was seamlessly integrated with the development and compilation of the report, ensuring that insights gleaned from the data were effectively translated into actionable recommendations. 3.4 REPORT COMPILATION The joint team comprising members from the National Land Authority and Nyagatare District collaborated closely under the supervision of experts from SDA-Lantmateriet and senior management of NLA. To uphold the envisioned quality standards of the report, several sessions were conducted, culminating in a retreat involving key stakeholders and institutions in land use planning and development. This retreat served the purpose of diligently cross-checking all report contents and identifying any existing gaps, ensuring that the final output met the highest standards of accuracy and comprehensiveness. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 48 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 29 4 NYAGATARE DISTRICT LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 4.1 VISIONING AND ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION 4.1.1 National Context Rwanda’s Vision 2050 indicates the long-term strategic direction for the country and the enabling pathways to achieve this ambition. Looking at success in terms of reducing poverty, increasing incomes, improving living standards, strengthening good governance, promoting home grown solutions, establishing rule of law, maintaining stability, promoting gender equality and women empowerment, peace and security. Rwanda now aspires to transform its economy and modernize the lives of all Rwandans. Achieving these aspirations will require bold and decisive action, Vision 2050 serves as the critical planning and policy blueprint to guide the efforts of all players in Rwanda’s development, including Government, private sector, citizens, diaspora, civil society and faith-based organizations, development partners, academia and research institutions, political parties, etc. For the next 30 years, the country will make long-term investments including: enhanced human capabilities, strong innovation and technological capabilities, socioeconomically integrated forms of urbanization, and effective and accountable institutions of governance. 4.1.2 Visioning of Nyagatare District The preparation of Nyagatare DLUP is based on the Vision 2050. Vision 2050 establishes the development framework for 2020-2050, with a mid-term review envisaged in 2035. To implement and achieve vision 2050 at District level, Nyagatare DLUP is aligned with NLUDMP 2020-2050 development framework. The implementation will be through NST1 targets as covered in the DDS and the potentialities of the district. The potential drivers for the district Development are as follows: o To increase production and productivity through modernizing agriculture and livestock. o To transform agriculture and livestock production for boosting exports and country’s self sufficiency. o To promote mining industry, eco-tourism, trade and expand formal business enterprises. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 49 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 30 o To improve and accelerate urbanization by promoting improved infrastructure development, investments for green urbanization and economy development as well as efficient public transport and green mobility. o To protect and preserve the environment by adopting, implementing, and promoting the environmental resilient actions, activities and projects with reference to green alternatives including green innovative technologies. o To improve and strengthen the quality of life of all local communities in different aspects such as education, sustainable management of water resources and sanitation, access to clean and efficient energy, health, justice, good governance, and security. 4.1.3 Economic Specialization The economic specialization of Nyagatare District as a secondary city was developed to be ‘A vibrant Commercial hub by leading the granite and agro-processing industry’ 4.2 POPULATION, URBANIZATION, SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING (PUSH) 4.2.1 Population 4.2.1.1 Existing Population According to the NISR, the population of Nyagatare District increased from 465,855 in 2012 to 653,861 in 2022. The population is predominantly rural, where 89.8 % of the total population live in rural areas in 2012 as compared to 75.9 % in 2022. Additionally, the female population is slightly higher than the male population, with females representing 51 % of the total population in 2012, compared to 51.3% in 2022 and people aged (0-17 years) represented 47.6 % of the total population in 2012 as compared to 50.9% of the total population in 2022 and this reflecting an increase in fertility rate over ten-years period. Private households were estimated at 105,365 as compared to 160,435 in 2022.The population density in Nyagatare District increased from 242 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2012 to 373 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2022. This indicates that the district has become more densely populated over the ten-year period. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 50 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 31 Sector Name Type of Sector: Urban; Rural 2012 Census Households per Sector year 2022 2022 Census Households per Sector year 2022 Counts Counts Male Female Total Number Male Female Total Numbers Gatunda Rural 13,345 14,431 27,776 6,676 16,767 18,543 35,310 9,127 Karama Rural 12,794 14,200 26,994 6,226 15,627 17,322 32,949 8,517 Karangazi Rural+Urban 28,690 28,754 57,444 12,328 48,020 48,895 96,915 25,051 Katabagemu Rural 16,452 17,581 34,033 7,582 21,082 22,637 43,719 11,301 Kiyombe Rural 8,074 9,078 17,152 3,932 8,956 9,845 18,801 4,860 Matimba Rural+Urban 11,732 11,972 23,704 5,399 13,771 14,716 28,487 7,363 Mimuri Rural+Urban 12,999 14,212 27,211 6,745 16,490 17,883 34,373 8,885 Mukama Rural 10,432 11,247 21,679 5,072 12,341 13,318 25,659 6,632 Musheri Rural 15,768 16,436 32,204 6,653 18,268 19,075 37,343 9,652 Nyagatare Rural+Urban 26,144 25,963 52,107 12,350 40,775 41,140 81,915 21,174 Rukomo Rural+Urban 16,603 17,615 34,218 8,170 20,892 22,758 43,650 11,283 Rwempasha Rural+Urban 10,369 10,143 20,512 4,308 19,234 19,358 38,592 9,975 Rwimiyaga Rural+Urban 28,804 28,723 57,527 12,723 40,685 41,935 82,620 12,780 Tabagwe Rural+Urban 16,119 17,175 33,294 7,201 25,832 27,696 53,528 13,836 Total 228,325 237,530 465,855 105,365 318,740 335,121 653,861 160,435 Table 5: Nyagatare District population per Administrative Sectors (NISR 2012&2022) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 51 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 32 Figure 5: Distribution of population by Administrative Sectors , NISR 2012 Thus, Rwimiyaga, Karangazi, and Nyagatare have the highest population, with more than 50,000 people. These three Sectors have been experiencing the fastest growth and more than doubled their population in the last decade. Nyagatare Sector has a population density of 317 p/km², Karangazi has 101 p/km² and Rwimiyaga 190 p/km². The highest population density is in the agriculture intensive Sectors of Karama, Gatunda, Mimuli and Rukomo with a density greater than 500p/ Sqkm. However, the population growth in these Sectors has been low when compared to the other Sectors. Figure 6: Density of the population in Sectors Figure 7: Density of the population in villages Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 52 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 33 4.2.1.2 Projected population According to NLUDMP 2020-2050, the population will be distributed based on recommended hierarchy and economic potentials of each District. NLUDMP 2020-2050 specifies the rurban population and the number of rurban centers within each District, and the geographical distribution of the rural population assumes that it will distribute proportionally to the future agricultural lands in LUCA (Land Use Categories). In LUCA A, the population will grow by 41% due to the availability of prime lands. LUCA B remains static, and the massive change in LUCA C, where the population decreases more than a million, to 17.6% of its current population. Nyagatare District is one of the eight Secondary cities, which falls under LUCA A and its population is estimated to reach 860,901 inhabitants by 2035 and 1,182,500 inhabitants by the year 2050. Thus, in Nyagatare District, 430,375 inhabitants are expected to live in urban areas by 2035 and 782,500 inhabitants are expected to live in urban areas. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 53 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 34 Sector Name Type of Sector: Urban; Rural Pop 2022 HHs 2022 pop 2035 HHs 2035 Pop 2050 HHs 2050 Gatunda Rural 35,310 8,664 26,049 6,512 24,202 6,050 Karama Rural 32,949 8,085 28,602 7,150 26,574 6,643 Karangazi Rural+Urban 96,915 23,780 79,627 19,907 91,082 22,770 Katabagemu Rural 43,719 10,727 37,950 9,488 35,260 8,815 Kiyombe Rural 18,801 4,613 16,320 4,080 15,163 3,791 Matimba Rural+Urban 28,487 6,990 22,789 5,697 28,542 7,135 Mimuri Rural+Urban 34,373 8,434 28,386 7,096 31,889 7,972 Mukama Rural 25,659 6,296 21,766 5,442 20,223 5,056 Musheri Rural 37,343 9,163 26,767 6,692 24,869 6,217 Nyagatare District town 81,915 20,099 398,938 99,735 688,500 172,125 Rukomo Rural+Urban 43,650 10,710 34,859 8,715 44,237 11,059 Rwempasha Rural 38,592 9,469 29,594 7,398 27,495 6,874 Rwimiyaga Rural+Urban 82,620 20,272 65,677 16,419 83,976 20,994 Tabagwe Rural 53,528 13,134 43,578 10,895 40,488 10,122 Total 653,861 160,435 860,901 215,225 1,182,500 295,625 Table 6: Nyagatare District population and housing projection for the years up to 2050 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 54 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 35 In summarizing the presented table depicting the projected population of Nyagatare District according to the NLUDMP 2020-2050, it is noteworthy to observe that the subsequent figure illustrates the anticipated population distribution based on residence. Notably, the rural population constituted 89.8% of the overall population in 2012, followed by a decline to 75.9% in 2022. Future projections indicate a gradual decrease to 50% by the year 2035, ultimately reaching 33.8% by 2050. Figure 8: distribution (count and %) of the population of Nyagatare District by residence. 4.2.2 Urbanization and Settlements Between 2012 and 2022, Rwanda’s urban population increased from 1.73 million to 3.70 million by almost 2 million people or 132 percent-at an average rate of 6.7. In 2022, the level of urbanization was about 27.9 %, and the annual growth rate of urbanization was only 7.5 %. Achieving this target was very challenging. Urbanization is a process of change by migration. The migration of people who move from rural to urban areas is currently the only urbanization modality in Rwanda. Migration reinforces urban centers but, at the same time, deteriorates and weakens rural settlements by lack of investments and employment opportunities. By 2050, Rwanda will have a formal housing sector sufficiently available and accessible to all segments of the population. In this pursuit, the new focus under this pillar will be on identifying Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 55 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 36 and creating synergies between the critical elements of urbanization that create agglomeration and enhance the socio-economic benefits of urbanization. According to the National Land Use and Development Master Plan approved by the Cabinet, the following settlement’s structure and size were established: As one of the future drivers of the country’s growth, the overarching objective is to have 70% of the population living in urban areas by 2050. By 2050, Rwanda will have a formal housing sector sufficiently available and accessible to all segments of the population. Figure 9: National Urbanization Hierarchy 2050 4.2.2.1 Existing situation Urban areas in Nyagatare District Nyagatare District Rural urban centers consist of Matimba, Karangazi, Rwimiyaga, Mimuri and Rukomo emerging centres located in sectors that are evolving toward a city. However urban population is concentrated in the district town, which is categorized as secondary city, projected to be economically developed through border trades and remaining parts of the country. 4.2.2.2 Planning Perspectives of urban areas of Nyagatare District The future planning strategy of Nyagatare District aligns with the government’s goal of having 70% of the population residing in urban areas by 2050. Recognizing the risks associated with fixed urban settlement boundaries, which can lead to unchecked urban sprawl and complicate infrastructure development, Nyagatare DLUP suggests adopting flexible boundaries for a 15-year period until 2035. This approach allows for periodic review and adjustment. In consultation with the Nyagatare Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 56 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 37 District authority and relevant local stakeholders, NLUDMP 2020-2050 has proposed a settlement structure and size to guide development in the area. Settlement Name Category Subcategory Size by NLUDMP 2020-2050 in Ha Size by DLUP 2021-2035 in Ha Nyagatare Urban area Secondary City 4000-6500 5208.019 Mimuri Urban area Rurban >10000 404.53 Rukomo Urban area Rurban >10000 958.61 Rwimiyaga Urban area Rurban >10000 819.57 Karangazi Urban area Rurban >10000 506.35 Matimba Urban area Rurban >10000 287.92 170 Rural Nodes Rural area Rural settlement sites 7500 8939.7 Table 7: Planned settlements in Nyagatare District Map 5: Planned Urban settlements in Nyagatare District by 2021-2035 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 57 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 38 The map above indicates Nyagatare future planned urban boundaries and corresponding ranking, Nyagatare Secondary city, 5 rurbans of Rukomo, Karangazi, Matimba, Rwimiyaga and Mimuri where population will be concentrated with relevant services and infrastructures. However, the remaining population and basic services will be distributed in 170 approved rural settlement sites. a) Nyagatare Secondary City The 2021-2035 City Master Plan has been drafted combining national best practices with a bottom up approach. This process led Nyagatare District to the final DLUP, customized strategy to support aspirations to become the Centre of Agriculture Hub in Rwanda. Great attention was put in addressing the issues highlighted in 2012 Nyagatare City Master Plan, introducing a more equitable, flexible, and incremental approach to City development, in line with the NLUDMP 2020-2050, UN HABITAT New Urban Agenda, and Sustainable Development Goals. The new Nyagatare District land use aims at being more inclusive by facilitating higher degree of social and economic inclusion, allowing for more social and economic mix in the city, favoring small and large investors and supporting the growth of a healthy and well-balanced community. Map 6: Nyagatare Secondary City Master Plan Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 58 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 39 Above map illustrates different dominant planned land uses in Nyagatare Secondary city, where 37% is in agriculture zone, 20% planned for swamplands and its buffers and 14% is planned for residential zone. SN Land Use Area(Ha) Area (%) 1 Commercial 12.699 0.151 2 Agriculture 3139.309 37.280 3 Commercial 295.061 3.504 4 Forest 611.883 7.266 5 Industrial 261.947 3.111 6 Open Space 154.769 1.838 7 Public Administration 58.173 0.691 8 Public Facility 218.357 2.593 9 Public Utility 16.090 0.191 10 Residential 1217.925 14.463 11 Transportation 682.009 8.099 12 Water Body 73.874 0.877 13 Swampland 1678.897 19.937 Total 8420.992 100 Table 8: Land use balance sheet of Nyagatare secondary city Figure 10: Extension of Secondary City at Ryabega Village and Ryabega Center The DLUP extended the boundaries of Nyagatare Secondary City to Ryabega after analysis of different parameters (existing built up, existing basic infrastructures and future potentialities). Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 59 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 40 This change was implemented in line with the need expressed by local authorities and recommendation of Nyagatare District Council during approval of Nyagatare Secondary City Master Plan. b) Nyagatare Planned Rurbans 2023-2050 Rurban centers are emerging centers of linkage between rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of existing Rurban centers or emerging centers is an overwhelming phenomenon, especially in countries with land scarcity. In-Situ urbanisation in Nyagatare District is needed to consolidate and freeze the rurban sprawl, thus, Rukomo, Rwimiyaga, Karangazi, Matimba and Mimuri centers are planned as urban areas to accelerate urbanisation rate in Nyagatare District. The remaining small trade centers will be consolidated as rural settlement sites. • Rukomo Rurban Centre The Rukomo Rurban Center was identified among 5 rurban centers in order to support urbanization development in Nyagatare District. Rukomo is selected as the twin city to Nyagatare city due to its location at the intersection of the development corridors. Agro-processing and Mining industries, Trade and Commerce and Financial Services for the district are proposed in Nyagatare and Rukomo. Land use plan was prepared for the entire Rukomo Sector in urban and rural zone to allow efficient use of land in various sectors. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 60 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 41 Map 7: Land Use Map of Rukomo Rurban S/N Land Use Area in Ha Percentage 1 Agriculture 422.612 44.086 2 Commercial 54.967 5.734 3 Forest 17.459 1.821 4 Industry 1.187 0.124 5 Open space 13.657 1.425 6 Public Administration 3.863 0.403 7 Public facilities 27.676 2.887 8 Residential 326.071 34.015 9 Transportation 91.123 9.506 Total 958.614 100 Table 9: Land use balance sheet of Rukomo rurban 2023-2050 Rukomo center will continue to develop, due to its location and various economic potentialities. The development of this center is aligned with NLUDMP 2020-2050. The success of Rukomo development will depend on the establishment of handcrafts (Agakiriro) constructed along Rukomo-Gatunda road to increase jobs creativity in the Sector. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 61 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 42 Rukomo center has a high traffic flow generated from motorcycles, cyclists, pedestrians, and public transport. Due to various pull factors, this traffic movement will continue to increase. In line with Nyagatare District transportation development, a Carpark is planned along Rukomo-Gatunda direction. Waste management is among climate resilience strategies; hence the waste disposal site was proposed in Rukomo center to facilitate solid waste collection from commercial business and residence zones and enhance city cleaning programs. A modern market is planned to be constructed around car-park in the same direction along Rukomo-Gatunda road, for purposes of improving commercial business in Rukomo center. • Rwimiyaga Rurban Centre Rwimiyaga is an urban area with consolidated urbanization and key economic activities that provide services to the entire area. Rwimiyaga rurban center provides urban facilities which reduce urban sprawl in Nyagatare City. Map 8: Land use map of Rwimiyaga Rurban Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 62 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 43 SN Land Use Area Ha Percentage 1 Agriculture 2.019 0.246 2 Commercial 55.099 6.723 3 Forest 16.942 2.067 4 Industry 3.353 0.409 5 Open space 3.207 0.391 6 Public Administration 1.297 0.158 7 Public facilities 59.726 7.288 8 Residential 572.686 69.876 9 Transportation 105.240 12.841 Total 819.569 100.00 Table 10: Land use balance sheet of Rwimiyaga Rurban Rwimiyaga Rurban center covers 5 cells which are Kabeza, Rwimiyaga, Nyarupfubire, Nyendo and Ntoma. In Rwimiyaga sector, during the process of revising Nyagatare DLUP, suitable rural settlement sites were selected, potential livestock as well as agricultural zones were mapped to avoid land use conflict. Rwimiyaga rurban center will continue to develop due to its strategic location and various economic potentialities. Small scale enterprises such as crafts, maize mills, tailoring workshops, carpentry, bicycle and shoe repairs, etc., are generally regarded as key activities for Rwimiyaga development. To ensure a sustainable development of this center, a handcraft industry (Agakiriro) is proposed in the in order to promote jobs opportunities and creativity. In Rwimiyaga rurban, a solid waste disposal site is proposed to ensure green growth, waste management and smartness. In line with Nyagatare District transportation development, a car park is proposed in Rwimiyaga sector to serve as a linkage for Kagitumba border and Nyagatare secondary city. • Matimba Rurban Centre Matimba is specifically positioned as the logistic and warehousing hub due to its proximity to the Kagitumba cross border post and the upcoming rail freight corridor along Muvumba River connecting Nyagatare to Kigali. The proposed Akagera Inland waterway also provides good potential to develop Matimba as the district's logistic and warehousing hub. Matimba main Rurban Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 63 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 44 center is located in Matimba and Byimana cells, Bwera is dominated by livestock, Kagitumba is developed as an irrigation scheme, and forests are dominated in Cyembogo and Kanyonga cells. Map 9: Land Use Map of Matimba Rurban SN Land Use Area Ha Percentage 1 Agriculture 0.001 0.000 2 Commercial 33.757 11.724 3 Open space 8.269 2.872 4 Public Administration 5.594 1.943 5 Public facilities 25.375 8.813 6 Residential 173.486 60.255 7 Transportation 41.439 14.392 Total 288 100.00 Table 11: Land use balance sheet of Matimba rurban Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 64 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 45 Matimba rurban center has a high traffic flow generated from motorcycles, cyclists, pedestrians and public transport. Due to various pull factors, this traffic movement will continue to increase. To ensure efficiency in transportation sector, a railway section Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala-Kigali with 148Km from Kagitumba (Mirama Hills) passing along Muvumba River before reaching Ngarama - Nyagahanga, crossing Lake Muhazi to Nyagasambu and Kigali. This railway will have an impact positively for the development of the Matimba sector. • Karangazi Rurban Centre Karangazi rurban center is in Rwisirabo, Rwenyemera, Ndama and Mbare cells. Karangazi rurban center is among the centers earmarked by NLUDMP 2020-2050 study, after consulting Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, relevant government institutions, different ministries, and analyzing different economic potentialities and future suitability trends. Map 10: Land Use Map of Karangazi Rurban SN Land Use Area Ha Percentage 1 Agriculture 42.793 8.451 2 Buffer 1.689 0.334 3 Commercial 44.870 8.861 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 65 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 46 4 Forest 0.878 0.173 5 Open space 12.996 2.567 6 Public Administration 5.190 1.025 7 Public facilities 66.817 13.196 8 Public Utility 0.191 0.038 9 Residential 268.077 52.943 10 Transportation 59.323 11.716 11 Swampland 3.530 0.697 Total 506.355 100.000 Table 12: Land use balance sheet of Karangazi ruban Among the potentialities of Karangazi development, Gabiro airport is paramount thus, the expansion of the airport towards Karangazi Sector, in Rubagabaga and Rwenyemera cells for regional development purpose. This project will promote jobs opportunities and socio-economic development of Karangazi center.To ensure public and private transport sustainability in Nyagatare District, the car parking is planned in Karangazi center. Concerning agriculture sector in Karangazi Sector, there is an introduction Gabiro agriculture hub irrigation project which covers around 5000 ha. The project will have greater implications in Karangazi development, in terms socio economic transformations. • Mimuri Rurban Centre Mimuri center is mainly located in Rugari and Mimuri cells. The center was highlighted by NLUDMP 2020-2050 as an urban area that will be developed in terms of in situ urbanization and internal migration. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 66 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 47 Figure 11: Land Use Map of Mimuri Rurban SN Land Use Area Ha Percentage 1 Agriculture 150.968 37.252 2 Commercial 27.611 6.813 3 Forest 1.544 0.381 4 Public Administration 0.760 0.187 5 Public facilities 24.318 6.001 6 Public Utility 0.013 0.003 7 Residential 149.667 36.931 8 Transportation 50.383 12.432 Total 405.264 100 Table 13: Land Use balance sheet of Mimuri Rurban The paved road from Nyagatare through Mimuri has been completed, positive impacts in terms of development due to this transformation are ongoing in the Mimuri Sector. RTDA, in a joint venture with the Ministry of Works of Uganda, has commissioned a preliminary engineering design for Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 67 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 48 Kampala - Kigali Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project. The approved alignment crosses the border at Mirama Hills/Kagitumba, passing along Muvumba River before reaching Ngarama Nyagahanga, crossing Lake Muhazi before reaching Kigali - Kayonza national road at Nyagasambu. The SGR project, crossing Mimuri sector, is a paramount driver for commerce and mobility sustainability in the Mimuri sector. In line with Nyagatare District transportation development, a car park and handcraft (Agakiriro) proposed in Mimuri sector will serve as a linkage for Mimuri -Gicumbi district for commerce and mobility sustainability. 4.2.2.3 Rural Settlements a) Existing Situation The rural settlements system suffers from isolated homesteads which prevents improvement in agricultural yield and efficient supply of services and infrastructure. The re-adjustment in planning of such settlements is highly recommended since most of agricultural lands were encroached. Figure 12: Distribution of settlements and building 2021 The spatial analysis illustrated by the Figure 22 distributes rural settlement sites with layouts and other traditional grouped settlements and building footprints across the district. The area covered by built-ups amount to 83.44 km2, making 4.34 % of the district territory. About 197 Rural settlements sites cover 119.479416 Km2 which are currently recognized by the district for agglomerating 75.9 % of the total population (NISR 2022). Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 68 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 49 b) Rural Settlements Planning Perspectives At the Cell level, each rural settlement site in Nyagatare District is required to be equipped with IDP model village pillars, encompassing basic infrastructure and essential public and social facilities and services. These include amenities such as sports and recreational facilities, schools, early childhood development (ECD) centers, community health posts, roads, markets, and cowsheds. The precise placement of these social facilities is determined through a detailed site plan. Nyagatare District has identified 197 sites for rural settlement across its 14. Following analysis and consultation with the NLUDMP 2020-2050, the NLA team designated 164 sites covering an area of 86.12 square kilometers for rural settlement, aligning with the provisions of the NLUDMP 2020 2050. After a thorough reassessment and collaborative effort involving Nyagatare District, the NLA, and the Rural Housing Authority (RHA), it was agreed to maintain 164 rural settlement sites. These sites have been identified for further development, considering emerging needs and reshaping while ensuring compliance with the NLUDMP 2020-2050. The result from questionnaire, consultation meetings, field visits adopted 167 rural settlement sites as summarize in table below: SN Sector Number of Sites Total Area in Km2 1 Rwempasha 9 3.68 2 Mukama 14 6.13 3 Katabagemu 13 6.25 4 Kiyombe 10 2.62 5 Karama 13 5.41 6 Musheri 9 6.39 7 Gatunda 13 7.64 8 Tabagwe 11 5.90 9 Karangazi 20 13.43 10 Mimuri 9 4.41 11 Matimba 7 4.99 12 Nyagatare 19 14.63 13 Rwimiyaga 13 4.91 14 Rukomo 7 3.39 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 69 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 50 Total 167 89.78 Table 14: Rural settlement sites per Sector. Figure 13: Planned rural settlements 2023-2050. The Figure 23 and Table 14 below show the number and areas coverage of existing buildings outside planned settlement boundaries. The numbers are indicative and should inform District planning for future resettlement programs to free occupied areas by residential buildings for agriculture development. The agriculture sector will gain the total area of 36,409.71 hectares at the completion of the relocation of existing residential buildings for agriculture development. Figure 14: Houses footprints distribution outside settlements boundaries in 2020 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 70 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 51 Number Area in Ha Building footprints All built-up (incl. infrastructures) 75,021 36,409.71 Table 15: Number and area coverage of building footprints outside Settlements boundaries in 2020 c) Rural Settlements Accessibility to infrastructures Districts economic and social development goals will be achieved by strengthening the access to infrastructure and services, such as, safe drinking water, power, reliable transportation, and modern communication and health care facilities, starting from rural areas particularly focusing on health and education services. Access to Water Electricity Education Facility Health facility Road network Rural Settlement Number 122 89 55 26 166 Table 16: Accessibility of infrastructure to the rural settlement Rural settlements that are planned, must be reinforced toward the IDP model villages by incorporating the components which scales up the social economic life of communities, through: ● Mobilizing communities through education and training to be more self-reliant and contribute to their own social and economic uplifting. ● Reforming rural settlement: create large and well-organized settlements that can be better serviced by critical social infrastructure (health centers, schools, community and sports centers, access roads, (etc) and modernizing rural communities through the introduction of common infrastructure, Information Communication Technologies (ICT), and the promotion of financial services that will support micro and small enterprises. ● Increasing agricultural productivity using better technologies and more efficient use of natural resources. ● Raising rural incomes through the introduction of value- added activities that include agro processing, off-farm activities, and facilitation of rural-urban trade. ● Strengthening social integration, cohesion and solidarity. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 71 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 52 Item Number Covered area (Sqkm) Change (%) Observation Rural settlement sites provided by NLUDMP 136 75 • Number: +23% • Area: +20% In addition, these rurban and rural settlement boundaries encompass areas occupied by other land uses such as residential, commercial, roads, public facilities, agriculture, and forests, etc. When considering only areas occupied by settlements, Nyagatare DLUP is very aligned with NLUDMP 2020 2050 settlement parameters. Final Rural settlement sites after revision of the DLUP. 167 89.78 Rurban Centers provided by NLUDMP 5 21 • Number: 0% • Area: +42% Rurban Centers after revision of the DLUP. 5 29.78 Table 17: Nyagatare DLUP rural settlement sites and rurban centers compliance with NLUDMP 4.2.3 Housing development in Nyagatare District An assessment of the current and future housing stock was conducted and found out the country has today about 2.8M housing units requiring 5.5 (150,000 dwelling units to be constructed annually) to cater for 22.1Minhabitants by 2050.This encounter will start by replacing and upgrading the existing informal rural settlements and identifying existing cities and centers before encroaching the new lands. The NLUDMP 2020-2050 advocates for the development of vertical housing infrastructure, including multi-family apartments, and socio-economic facilities such as industries, schools, health facilities, public administration offices, and religious buildings, in both urban and rural areas. Given future demographic trends and the substantial housing needs, this approach is strongly recommended to address the demand for housing and optimize land use efficiently. Encouraging incremental development, the construction process shall be executed in stages with each phase of the building considered as a finished product. 4.2.3.1 Housing Stock in Nyagatare District The proposed housing stock was analyzed based on projected population , in order to calculate dwelling units required in 2050 in Nyagatare District. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 72 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 53 POPULATION 2050 SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 1,182,500 4 295,625 Land requirement for 200 000 households is needed, housing stock Residential Type DU/ha Total size per ha Percentage Total DUs R1B-Residential 40-70 6443 62.3 184,174 R1A-Residential 20-30 2144 20.7 61,194 R1-Residential 10-15 80 0.7 2,069 R2-Residential 600-100 199 1.9 5,617 R3-Residential 60-90 394 3.8 11,234 C1,C3-Commercial 1072 10.6 31,336 Total 10332 295,625 Table 18: Housing stock in Nyagatare by 2050 Densification Principles Densification models are adopted by respective proposed plots size to achieve required population density for each residential zone. Proposed densification, DU/HA Residential Type DU/ha, Residential DU/ha, Mixed Uses R1-Residential 10-15 7-10 R1A-Residential 20-30 15-20 R1B-Residential 40-70 30-50 R2-Residential 60-100 40-70 R3-Residential 60-90 40-70 Table 19: Densification Principles Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 73 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 54 Five Residential housing categories are proposed in Nyagatare DLUP in order to accommodate a population of 1,182,500 that will be settled in Nyagatare District. This implies that Nyagatare DLUP projects 295,625 households by considering various factors including family planning, District category and family size. 4.2.3.2 Nyagatare DLUP proposed housing typologies. The following housing typologies (mixing high rise, medium, low rise residential) are proposed for guiding Nyagatare District in future housing development. (a) Rural Residential zone (R1B): The Rural Residential Zone (R1B) is a residential zone offering compact developments in rural areas. The R1B Zone is intended to offer low rise housing to the farming community. The purpose is to create a sustainable and compact residential settlement in the rural areas of the city and development of rural settlement sites, limiting encroachment towards the fertile agricultural land. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 74 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 55 Figure 15: Housing typology and Plot setbacks in Rural Residential zone (R1B) The rural residential zones have been allocated in the periphery of Nyagatare Secondary city, 5 Rurbans and some areas in rural settlement sites. 6443 ha, 69.5 % for residential zone fall in this category. The households will be distributed with 40-70 dwelling units per hectare as recommended density. 184,174 dwelling units contain existing houses, rehabilitated houses and new construction will be required in this zone for efficient housing stock in Nyagatare District. (b) Low Density Residential Densification Zone (R1A): The Low-Density Residential Densification Zone (R1A) is a residential zone for semidetached houses, single family townhouses, multifamily houses, and low-rise developments. The R1A zone is intended to offer low and medium-rise housing and complementary commercial and public facilities as Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 75 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 56 needed. In Nyagatare DLUP Cluster, R1A is allocated in Nyagatare Secondary city, Rurbans and some developed rural settlement sites like Bugaragara, Cyabayaga, and Kagitumba for border development. Figure 16: Housing typology and Plot setbacks in Low Density Residential Densification Zone (R1A) The amount of 2144 ha, 23% of residential zone is allocated in this category in Nyagatare District. The population will be distributed by 20-30 dwelling units per hectare as recommended population density. 61,194 dwelling units include existing houses, rehabilitated houses and new constructions as recommended by Master Plan in this category for efficient use of land to accommodate projected population in Nyagatare District. (c) Low Density Residential Zone (R1): The Low-Density Residential Zone (R1) is intended for villa and bungalow typology and complementary public facilities. This zone is allocated only in Nyagatare Secondary city, where the existing category is already developed. This category is not recommended in rurbans, rural settlement sites or city expansion zones due its incompatibility with efficient use of land. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 76 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 57 Figure 17: Housing typology and plot setbacks in Low Density Residential Zone (R1) The land allocated in this category is limited to 80 ha which represents 1% of total dwelling units. The households will be distributed by respecting 10-15 dwelling units per hectare, as low density residential zone which will facilitate Nyagatare Secondary city beautification, tourism attraction and other investments. The 2,069 dwelling units of villas and bungalows including existing situations ( old houses to be rehabilitated) and new construction recommended in Nyagatare secondary city in order to accommodate future housing stock. (d) Medium Density Residential - Improvement Zone (R2): The Medium Density Residential - Improvement Zone (R2) is essentially planned for upgradation of unplanned settlements or redevelopment of urban renewal areas, wherever feasible in the brownfield sites. The variety in the housing types and planned development is expected to stimulate the Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 77 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 58 upgrading, redevelopment, and intensification of these housing areas. Its intent is to improve the overall physical and living conditions of the identified unplanned settlements in Nyagatare, through upgradation in the short term, and redevelopment through land assembly in the medium-long term, to better utilize the developable land in prime areas of the city for creating integrated and affordable neighborhoods and provide adequate infrastructure and public facilities. The R2 category is allocated only in Nyagatare Secondary city, where existing houses, unplanned settlements need to be upgraded. Figure 18: Housing typology and Plot setbacks Medium Density Residential - Improvement Zone (R2) The total land of 199 ha which represents 2% for residential zones is allocated for R2, in Nyagatare Secondary city improvement. The households will be settled with respecting 60-100 dwelling units per hectare, whist is medium density. The development of single family residential is prohibited in this zone. The 5,617 dwelling units contain improving existing settlement, construction of new building in unbuilt plots is recommended by NLUDMP 2020-2050 in order to achieve recommended housing stock and population density. (e) Medium Density Residential - Expansion Zone (R3): The Medium Density Residential Expansion Zone (R3) is established to allow for intensification and redevelopment of peri urban and green field areas through extensive housing strategies to provide a variety of housing solutions. The implementation mechanisms shall be identified by the City of Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 78 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 59 Nyagatare and Government Agencies to allow the creation of economies of scale in the development of this Zone. While organized and properly trained labor force should be employed for the construction, self-construction shall be evaluated to cater for the lowest income segments of the population. Figure 19: Housing typology and Plot setbacks in Medium Density Residential - Expansion Zone (R3) This category is allocated only in Nyagatare Secondary city, in peri-urban, where the city will be expanded. The 394-ha resenting 4 % of residential zone was allocated in this category. The population will be distributed respecting 60-90 dwelling units per hectare which is a recommended medium density. The total 11,234 dwelling units include existing shelter, houses that will be rehabilitated, and new buildings recommended by NLUDMP 2020-2050 for efficient use of Land and to accommodate Nyagatare projected population. • Housing typologies and the corresponding Plot Size Maximum (sqm) Housing Type Number of Floors Plot Size Maximum (Sqm) C3 Minimum: G+1, 2, 3, 4... 300, 400, 500-1000 C1 Minimum: G+1, 2, 3... 200, 300, 400 R3 Minimum: G+1, 2, 3... 100, 150, 200, 300 R2 Minimum: G+1, 2, 3... 100, 150, 200, 300 R1 Minimum: G, G+1, 2, 3... 200, 300, 400, 500, R1A Minimum: G, G+1, 2… 150, 200, 300 R1B Minimum: G, G+1, 2... 150, 200, 300 Table 20: Recommended housing types and plots size Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 79 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 60 Development of Nyagatare Central Business (CBD) The corridor where Bank of Kigali, Diplomat Hotel, Mbtc Hotel, and other buildings are considered as Nyagatare Central business Center, will continue to be improved and upgraded. The Minimum G+1, is recommended for sustainable city vibrant and efficient use of Land. Figure 20: Housing typology and plot setbacks 4.2.3.3 Planned housing in urban and rural settlements Housing land use stands as the predominant land consumer across all settlements. It's imperative to anticipate future demands by envisioning sustainable housing models that align with the evolving lifestyles of Rwandans. Consequently, an evaluation of the size, design, and tenure of housing required by 2050 will inform planning policies. We propose five distinct housing types tailored to different settlement categories, recommending specific distributions for each. Types A and A+ are prevalent in Rurbans and Rural settlements, while Type D is exclusive to Kigali. Type B emerges as the primary choice in urban areas, with Type A also being frequently observed. Housing Typology A+ 1 A 1-2 B 3-4 C 5-9 D 10-22 Nyagatare Secondary City 10% 35% 35% 10% 10% 5 Rurbans 52% 45% 2% 1% Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 80 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 61 167 Rural settlement sites 50% 50% - - According to the NLUDMP 2020-2050 2020-2050, the following housing typologies are proposed in Nyagatare District: o Nyagatare Secondary City: Various housing typologies are proposed to facilitate all population categories ( high income, medium and low income). 10% are allocated in A+, 35 % are allocated in A & B, and 20% are allocated in C&D. o Nyagatare 5 Rurbans: Different housing typologies are planned to promote housing development in selected centers. 52% are allocated in A+, 45% are allocated in A, 2% allocated in B, 1% is allocated in C category. o 167 Rural settlement sites: The planned rural settlement sites will continue to be developed, 50% were allocated in A+, and 50% also are allocated in A category Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 81 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 62 4.3 TRANSPORTATION The transportation sector encompasses the movement of people, goods, and services between different locations, facilitated by various modes such as land, air, and inland waterway transport. It plays a pivotal role in organizing economic activity and addressing regional accessibility challenges. Every sector, including trade, tourism, construction, and agriculture, relies heavily on an efficient transportation system for development. Effective modes of transport enable farmers to access markets both locally and internationally, facilitating the circulation of goods and services within and beyond the region. Moreover, an efficient transport network enhances tourism by providing easier access to touristic destinations for both domestic and international visitors. Increased accessibility to touristic sites boosts tourism activities, leading to greater employment opportunities and socio-economic development within communities, thereby contributing to national growth. Similarly, in construction services, an effective transportation system is essential for transporting construction materials and manpower to project sites efficiently. Therefore, a well-functioning transportation sector is integral to the overall development and progress of the country across various sectors. The DLUP enhances transportation convenience by comprehensively mapping out the entire road network. During the development of the DLUP, careful consideration is given to designing a proposed road network that addresses developmental disparities in various areas. The DLUP aims to ensure connectivity across the district, managing the movement of goods and services and facilitating the future development of all regions. This plan relies on existing road infrastructure while also emphasizing the importance of effective road linkage to support the growth of other sectors within the district. As part of the DLUP elaboration process, an analysis of the current transportation situation in Nyagatare District was conducted. The findings from this assessment were utilized to identify planned road interconnections within urban and other settlement areas, as well as establishing linkages between these areas and potential development sites. 4.3.1 Existing situation The transportation landscape in Nyagatare District, mirroring the broader national context, is predominantly characterized by land transport. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 82 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 63 Existing situation of transportation in Nyagatare is classified as National Road, District Road class1, District Road class 2 and other roads. The table below shows the current situation of roads with classification in Nyagatare District and their length in kilometers. Type Km National Road 159.333 Km District Road Class1 158.526 Km District Road Class2 529.271 Km Other Road 2980.502 Km Total 3827.632 Km Table 21: Nyagatare District roads’ length Map 11: Illustrated Map of road network in Nyagatare District o Road network in Nyagatare City Nyagatare City is in the corner of the Nyagatare District in Eastern Province. Its urban area covers Karangazi, Matimba, Mimuli, Nyagatare, Rukomo, Rwempasha, Rwimiyaga & Tabagwe Sectors. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 83 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 64 The total length of the existing road within the urban limit of Nyagatare is 160.4 km including National and District roads (Source: The National Road map for Green Secondary City Development,2015). o Major deficient & Gaps in Nyagatare City Road network Based on the review of existing roads: the following deficiencies and gaps were identified: ✓ Insufficient and irregular carriageway widths; ✓ Existing gravel road with poor riding quality; ✓ Existing pavement (mostly earthen) condition is poor to fair and is structurally inadequate; ✓ Poor horizontal geometry at many locations; ✓ Poor vertical geometry at many locations; ✓ Insufficient and improper cross slope; ✓ Traffic congestion and insufficient turning radius at intersection locations; ✓ Absence of cross drainage structures causing discontinuity of the road and causing inconvenience to pedestrians. It is also accident-prone zones; ✓ Absence of proper cross drainage arrangements to facilitate storm water drainage along cross road. ✓ Absence of proper cross drainage arrangements for continuation of roadside drains; ✓ Encroachment of road formation (mainly the portion just by the side of carriageway) by local; people for household purposes almost at all built-up areas; ✓ Absence of proper roadside drains; ✓ Absence of proper road signs, pavement markings, safety features and street lighting; ✓ Absence of high mast lighting in proposed Agakiriro area; ✓ Absence of proper connectivity to proposed Agakiriro area; and ✓ Absence of proper U turning facility at dead ends 4.3.2 Planning perspectives Transportation serves as a vital sector, acting as the hub that connects various Sectors within Cells, links Sectors to the district, and facilitates inter-district and cross-border connectivity with neighboring countries. However, according to the Fourth Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV 4), households in Nyagatare express lower satisfaction with public transportation compared to the national average (26.5% versus 81.7%, respectively). Approximately 8.2% of Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 84 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 65 households in Nyagatare District report that public transport is too distant for practical use, in contrast to 7.5% at the national level. Addressing this issue requires the development of a dependable transport system that fosters the growth of Nyagatare District, enabling the efficient movement of goods, services, and individuals across all levels. This entails upgrading existing roads not only in urban areas but also in rural settings to facilitate easier access to markets for communities and farmers. Currently, inadequate road infrastructure poses significant challenges, leading to increased transport costs and impeding access to local markets for impoverished individuals. The existing road networks in Nyagatare face developmental hurdles not solely due to financial limitations but also due to the challenging hilly topography and terrain. These factors present obstacles in the planning and establishment of an efficient road network within Nyagatare. At present, the primary district roads are linked to national roads, notably the asphalted road connecting Nyagatare to Kagitumba, which passes through the district en route to Uganda. Additionally, the recently completed Nyagatare-Gicumbi roads serve as valuable assets for road transportation. In Nyagatare, the planning of transportation networks must adopt an integrated approach to complement other planning proposals, particularly those related to land use. This entails comprehensive planning for road networks, public transportation systems, provision of parking facilities, and the development of pedestrian and cycling networks. Such integrated planning is essential for promoting efficient and sustainable transportation infrastructure in the district. The distribution of land transportation networks is based on the new NLUDMP 2020-2050 fabric of settlements and on the consolidation principles of the plan, which will reduce the cost and length of roads. NLUDMP 2020-2050 brings to the table the following reinforcements for land transportation of internal and international connectivity: 730 km of Expressways, 805km of an Arterial belt, connecting all secondary cities, and 505 km of 3 railway lines, connecting Rwanda to its neighboring countries. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 85 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 66 Figure 21: Railway and Road transportation network according to NLUDMP 2020-2050 RTDA in conjunction with the Ministry of Works of Uganda has commissioned a preliminary engineering design for the Kampala - Kigali Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project. The consultant undertaking the study (Gauff & ILF) identified three variant corridors and one of them (Mid) was approved. The approved alignment crosses the border at Mirama Hills/Kagitumba, via south towards Kigali passing near Muvumba River before reaching Ngarama - Nyagahanga, crossing Muhazi Lake in Giti & Fumbwe Sectors before crossing Kigali - Kayonza national road at Nyagasambu Figure 22: A section of the approved alignment of Kampala-Kigali railway trajectory Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 86 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 67 o Land Allocations for Transport Infrastructure Transport is a key important sector as it links Sectors with Cells, Sectors with the district city and the district with other districts as well as districts with neighboring countries. Road Category Planned Width National and District Roads Class1 44 m District Roads Class2 24 m Sector roads 12 m Cell roads & Commuter 9 m Rail way 60 m Table 22: Planned Nyagatare Road network Classification Road Category Planned Width National Road and district road class1 16m from center line District roads class 2 12 m from center line Access road 6m from center line Servicing roads 4.5m from center line Table 23: Categories road width in Matimba, Rwimiyaga, Rukomo, Mimuli and Karangazi rurban network classification in Nyagatare District class 1 & 2 4.4 PUBLIC FACILITIES Public facilities are defined as institutional responses to basic human needs, including health education, religious facilities. 4.4.1 Existing situation of public facilities Nyagatare District has different existing public facilities intended for basic needs including health, education, and religious facilities. Currently Nyagatare District is served by 234 schools (including Nursery, Primary, Secondary and University), 85 health post facilities, 20 health centers and 2 hospitals. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 87 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 68 Map 12: Nyagatare Existing health care and education facilities Facilities Area in Km2 Area in Ha Health Facilities 1.109 km2 110.964 ha Education Facilities 5.879 km2 587.947 ha Table 24: District Public Facilities land size 4.4.1.1 Healthcare facilities Nyagatare District has existing health care facilities of different types distributed throughout the district. In Nyagatare District, the development of healthcare services and facilities has benefitted from infrastructure investment, with majority of the population living within 3.8 km of a healthcare center except for Rwimiyaga Sector where health care centers are located within 5.5 from household dwellings. In terms of land size, health care facilities occupy 111 hectares of the district territory. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 88 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 69 Map 13: Accessibility of existing health care facilities in settlement boundaries in Nyagatare District 4.4.1.2 Education facilities The education sector in Nyagatare District is served by 234 schools encompassing Nursery Schools, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Higher Education Institutions, as well as Professional and Vocational Schools. Currently, tangible progress has been made to enhance education facilities in the district. In collaboration with the private sector, the district constructed 207 classrooms and 3 TVETS colleges in 2017. Additionally, there are two higher learning institutions in the district: the East African University Rwanda (EAUR) and the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine of the University of Rwanda (CAVM). However, education sector still faces serious challenges across the district, including overcrowded classrooms and poor infrastructure in some schools. For example, 70% of the schools lack electricity, which hampers the use of ICT for teaching and learning. These are some the factors that have contributed to a high school dropout rate (31.4% in primary schools) as revealed by IPAR’s Survey across Nyagatare in March 2019. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 89 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 70 Map 14: Distribution of existing school facilities to settlements in Nyagatare District. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 90 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 71 4.4.1.3 Cemeteries Figure 23: Cemeteries in Nyagatare District. 4.4.2 Planning perspectives of public facilities • Recommended future healthcare development According to NLUDMP 2020-2050, the following healthcare standards structures are proposed for Nyagatare District: • Community healthcare will be organized in clustered rural settlements sites. • Healthcare posts (0,06ha each): 1/Rural Settlement Site = 167 for future proposed imidugudu • Healthcare centers (0.2Ha each): 2 / Sector, 28 for future proposed healthcare centers • District hospitals (2Ha each): 2 / District Any new healthcare facility to be built within urban and rural settlement boundaries, vertical construction buildings is mandatory. • Recommended Future schools’ development By 2050, our vision prioritizes access to high-quality education from the early years, bolstered by enhanced investments in early childhood development to attain universal pre-primary enrollment rates. Additionally, ensuring access to quality primary education is paramount. By 2035, all Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 91 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 72 classrooms will meet middle-income standards for pupil/classroom and pupil/teacher ratios. Empowering and equipping teachers to deliver education that fosters continuous skill enhancement and productivity improvement for all Rwandans is a cornerstone of our commitment (NLUDMP 2020-2050, 2020-2050). As per the NLUDMP 2020-2050, the outlined standards and parameters set forth for schools are as follows: A. Nursery and Primary Education by 2050: o Average class size, 35 pupils per class. o Average school size. 840 pupils. o Required size for a nursery school, 0.5 hectares. o Required size for a primary school, 1 hectare. B. Secondary, Vocational, and Technical Education by 2050 to bolster both quality and quantity: o The enrollment rate target 90%. o Average class size, 35 pupils per class. o Average school size, 840 pupils. o Required size for a secondary school, 1.5 hectares. At the district level, the percentage of children of school age in Nyagatare District serves as a benchmark. Accordingly, 7% are in Nursery, 14% in primary, and 14% in secondary school. These proportions are to be applied annually to the total population, considering the standard of 840 children per school (NLUDMP 2020-2050). The calculation of schools needed to accommodate all school-age children for the Education for All policy implementation also involves accounting for the existing number of classrooms for each level. The number of schools is determined by the following formula: ● Ns= 𝑃1∗ 𝑆(6−11) 𝑄𝑠 Where, ● Ns: Number of Schools are needed ● S (6-11): Percentage of the population who aged (6-11) Years group/depends age group ● Qs= Standard number of students for a level school (ECD, Nursery, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) ● P1: Present total Population This process also entails the determination of the number of Nursery schools needed. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 92 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 73 Description 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Total Population 653,861 696,714 774,467 860,897 956,973 1,063,770 1,182,500 Percentage of Babies in Nursery 7.95% 7.95% 7.95% 7.95% 7.95% 7.95% 7.95% Nursery [3-5] 51958 55389 61570 68441 76079 84570 94009 Children/School 840 840 840 840 840 840 840 Planned school 62 66 73 81 91 101 112 Planned Classrooms 1485 1583 1759 1955 2174 2416 2686 Required Classrooms 973 1071 1247 1443 1662 1904 2174 Required Schools 41 45 52 60 69 79 91 Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 Adapted by NLA staff, 2023 ● Currently, the infrastructures of pre-primary schools (Nursery) are too insufficient which implies that, there is overcrowding in classrooms and effort should be done for promoting the Early Child Development. ● Determination of number of Primary schools needed Description 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Total Population 653,861 696,714 774,467 860,897 956,973 1,063,770 1,182,500 Percentage of Children in Primary 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% Primary [6-11] 103,916 110990 123377 137146 152451 169464 188379 Children/ School 840 840 840 840 840 840 840 Planned school 124 132 147 163 181 202 224 Planned Classrooms 2969 3171 3525 3918 4356 4842 5382 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 93 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 74 Required Classrooms 556 758 1112 1505 1943 2429 2969 Required Schools 23 32 46 63 81 101 124 Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 Adapted by NLA staff, 2023 According to the assumptions, this table indicates that, there is a lack of schools in primary level from 2022 to 2050 in order to satisfy the standards of 35 children per classroom and 840 children per school, i.e. 24 classrooms per school (NLUDMP 2020-2050). Determination of number of Secondary schools needed Description 2022 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Total Population 653,861 696,714 774,467 860,897 956,973 1,063,770 1,182,500 Percentage of Children in Secondary 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% 15.9% Secondary(12-17) 103916 110990 123377 137146 152451 169464 188379 Children / School 840 840 840 840 840 840 840 Planned school 124 132 147 163 181 202 224 Planned Classrooms 2969 3171 3525 3918 4356 4842 5382 Required Classrooms 1844 2046 2400 2793 3231 3717 4257 Required Schools 77 85 100 116 135 155 177 TVETs Schools(60%) 46 51 60 70 81 93 106 General Education(40%) 31 38 40 47 54 62 75 Source: NLUDMP 2020-2050 Adapted by NLA staff, 2023 At secondary school’s level, the need for the creation of schools is felt from the year 2022.Where in 2022, 77 schools are required. The total new number of schools of the secondary level to be built in 2050 are 177. This will need to construct an average of 106 TVETs schools and 75 general secondary education schools. Some programmes may need to be introduced into the secondary education curricula to incorporate land use planning concepts. In particular, given that 60% of Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 94 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 75 children will have to attend technical and vocational education, it is imperative to take this into account in planning, in order to provide employment opportunities for new generation. Land Uses Number of floors Plot size Education and Research G+1,2 UPC, BR G, for Nursery Religious facility G+1,2 UPC, BR G For central, Chappelle.. Health Facility G+1,2 UPC, BR G, For Health post, Pharmacy Public administration G+1,2 UPC, BR G for Cell, villages, security.. Table 25: Recommended future schools, health, religious facilities 4.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES 4.5.1 Power supply Energy stands at the core of Rwanda’s economic aspirations and development strategies. It serves as a cornerstone supporting various sectors, including housing and urbanization, manufacturing, agro-processing, mining, tourism, and information technology. Consequently, a well-functioning and efficient energy sector play a pivotal role in realizing the nation's overarching objectives. Rwanda’s energy sector comprises three primary sub-sectors: power, hydrocarbon, and new and renewable energy sources. Notably, renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, peat, wind, geothermal, and hydropower are integral components. Among these, biomass stands out as the most prevalent, exerting significant influence over both the demand and supply aspects of the Rwandan economy. • Existing situation of electricity connectivity and other sources of energy According to population and housing cencus 2022, in Nyagatare District 54.5% of households that have access to electricity. 66.7% in urban areas and 50.5% in rural areas. Only 37% of private households rely on electricity from REG as their primary source of energy for lighting, contrasting with 47% nationally. This underscores the prevalent dependence on firewood for cooking among the majority of Nyagatare residents, standing at 83.6%, in comparison to 76.1% nationwide. Additionally, charcoal is utilized by a minimal fraction of Nyagatare's population (7.1%) as a cooking fuel source, significantly lower than the 17.3% observed at the national level. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 95 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 76 Map 15: Nyagatare transmission and distribution network • Planning perspectives Energy plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth by catalyzing the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and mitigating the operational costs associated with conducting business. In Nyagatare District, approximately 50.9% of households currently lack access to electricity, whether through the grid or off-grid systems. This significant portion of the population faces barriers to development and growth, as electricity serves as a fundamental catalyst for modern technology adoption and socio-economic advancement. According to Vision 2050, achieving a sustainable energy supply and demand requires universal access to electricity for all households by 2035, whether through grid connectivity or off-grid solutions. This ambitious goal underscores the importance of bridging the electricity gap to foster inclusive development and improve the quality of life for residents in Nyagatare District. The projection of electricity accessibility is presented in the table below: Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 96 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 77 HHs 2022 HHs 2035 HHs 2050 Households 160,435 215,225 295,625 Urban Households 40,813 107,594 195,625 Rural Households 128,198 107,632 100,000 Access to electricity (%) 54.5 100 100 Table 26: Electricity demand projection To achieve this transformation (bridging the electricity gap), Nyagatare District must enhance energy production and diversify its sources by investing in alternative energy solutions. It is crucial to reduce dependence on biomass by maximizing the use of gas and other viable alternatives. By 2035, the focus will be on increasing electrification rates and expanding energy generation capacity across all sectors, including rural areas. Furthermore, there will be a dedicated effort to ensure equitable distribution of energy access across all socioeconomic groups. 4.5.2 Water supply • Existing situation The provision of potable water in Nyagatare District primarily relies on WASAC, a state-owned public utility responsible for water production, transmission, and distribution in Rwanda. According to the 2022 population and housing census, 78% of private households in Nyagatare District have access to improved drinking water. This access varies between urban (90.6%) and rural (73.9%) areas. The predominant sources of drinking water for most households include public taps outside the compound (37.7%) and Tube Well/ Borehole (20.7%). Only a small fraction (4.3%) has piped water within their compounds, contrasting with the national average of 11.5%. Data from the EICV 5 (2017) reveals that 9.6% of households in Nyagatare spend between 30-59 minutes reaching their primary water source. However, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) recommends that water sources ideally be within 1,000 meters or approximately a 10-minute walk from homes or communities. This proximity is crucial for reducing collection time and distance, particularly for vulnerable populations such as women, children, and the elderly. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 97 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 78 Map 16: Water Distribution and Accessibility • Planning perspective As per Water Supply Masterplan of 2021, the ongoing economic development within Nyagatare District is anticipated to enhance the living standards of households. Consequently, there will be a rise in unit water demand, projected to reach 70 liters per capita per day (l/c/d) in urban areas and 30 l/c/d in rural areas by the year 2050. This forecast underscores the necessity for significant improvements within the district. According to the water statistics report of 2022 by RURA, water consumption in Nyagatare District stood at 1,181 cubic meters per day (m3/day) in 2022. By 2050, this figure is expected to surge to 47,136 m3/day, with an intermediate projection of 34,317m3/day by 2035. These estimates are crucial as they signify a crucial milestone: achieving a 100% water supply coverage for all residents of Nyagatare District The distribution of water consumption between urban and rural areas is presented in the table below: Population 2022 Population 2035 Population 2050 District Population 653,851 860,901 1,182,500 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 98 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 79 Urban Population 157,894 430,375 782,500 Rural Population 495,967 430,526 400,000 Urban Water demand 70l/p/d 286 17,155 31,191 Rural Water demand 30l/p/d 895 17,161 15,944 Total (m3/day) 1181 34,317 47,136 Table 27: Water consumption between urban and rural areas Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 99 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 80 4.6 AGRICULTURE 4.6.1 Existing situation Agriculture in Rwanda serves a dual purpose, contributing to income generation and foreign currency earnings through the export of key agricultural commodities such as coffee and tea, while also ensuring food security for the local population. This sector holds significant importance in Rwanda’s national economy. Notably, one of the pivotal pillars of Rwanda’s VISION 2050 is the promotion of productive value and market-oriented agriculture. The role of the NLUDMP 2020 2050 and DLUP is to provide the necessary spatial infrastructure to support the realization of this goal. Through concerted efforts, Rwanda aims to achieve its vision of becoming a nation that ensures food security, promotes nutritional health, and fosters sustainable agricultural growth by 2050. This vision is anchored in the development of a productive, environmentally friendly, and market-driven agricultural sector. According to Nyagatare DDS, Nyagatare District has increased agricultural production to enhance food security and increased the value of livestock products through various initiatives. Land use consolidation of 75,677 Ha has been achieved in 2017 through cultivation of Maize, Beans, Soybeans and rice. This progress can be attributed to increased mechanization using tractors on an area covering 4,800 Ha, increased usage of fertilizers, use of improved seeds (especially Maize and Soybean) by farmers among other activities. Land covered under fruit trees has increased to 400 Ha in 2017 from the baseline of 45 Ha in 2012. Livestock production has been increased through improved livestock farming with 50,933 cattle from the 2012 baseline of 45,000 cattle. This has increased the number of valuable families benefiting from the Girinka program through distribution of 3,650 cows by 2018. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 100 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 81 Figure 24: Type of main crops in the district 4.6.1.1 Agriculture land suitability analysis The majority of the best suitable agricultural land is in the eastern and south-eastern part of Rwanda, where land is relatively flat, and precipitation does not exceed 1,200 mm annually. This land should be protected as carefully as possible from construction, and prioritized for agricultural development projects such as drainage, irrigation, terrace building, consolidation and farmers cooperatives formation, agricultural research and extension services. Agriculture suitability analysis has been conducted countrywide for guiding districts in Agriculture development. The suitability studies combine 8 crops which are: Maize, Beans, Potato, Soya bean, Cassava, Banana, Coffee and Tea. The following suitability categories have been established; ❖ S1: Best suitable ❖ S2: Suitable ❖ S3: Low suitable ❖ N1: Poor suitability ❖ N2: Not suitable Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 101 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 82 Table 28: Different parameters and crops suitability at country level Figure 25: Suitability of Priority Crop Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 102 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 83 4.6.1.2 Nyagatare District agriculture crops suitability analysis Nyagatare District is primarily surrounded by grassy savannah and a variety of fertile soil. Ferralsols is the most common soil type within Nyagatare. They are generally deep, less erodible and easy to work with. The overall soil and swampland conditions in Nyagatare and its existence as an irrigation system is highly suitable for agriculture activities. Except Kiyombe and Mukama sectors dominated by forest and mountainous fallen in S3, Low suitable, remaining sectors are located in S1, implying that Nyagatare District is located in a suitable area for agriculture development. A Study conducted by MINAGRI indicates that 98% of land in Nyagatare District is highly suitable for agriculture development of 8 selected crops. 4.6.1.3 Crop farming. Nyagatare District focuses on crop farming activity dueits rich vegetation where maize, green beans, pepper and rice has the highest agricultural export potential in Nyagatare District. Crops such as maize holds first place with an average of 35% crop share, surpassing the national average of 18%, followed by sorghum with an average crop share of 9% as compared to the national average crop share at 1%, Cassava holds an average of crop share at 11%, comparing to the national average of 9%. In summary, these staple crops bring in the highest yielding for crop share as compared to the national average and will present opportunities for agro-business through commercialization of crops production in Nyagatare. Although, high yield in crop share does not equate to greener methods used to cultivate crops. Only 0.9% of farmers in Nyagatare District use organic fertilizer and 10.6% of farmers uses chemical fertilizers. 43.5% of farmers in Nyagatare uses pesticides. 4.3% of farmers in Nyagatare uses improved seeds as compared to the national average of 19.5%. With low agricultural inputs used to cultivate crops, there is still a disparity between Nyagatare District and the rest of Rwanda. This might escalate to decreased soil fertility and therefore, a reduction in yields if no proper measures are implemented in due time. There is continuous support to provide technical assistance, more agro-processing areas to accommodate increased production and plans for the growth of agro-processing initiatives. 4.6.1.4 Irrigation Nyagatare has a total cultivated land area of 61,000 ha and the existing irrigation system makes the land highly suitable for agriculture activities. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 103 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 84 Figure 26: irrigation techniques in farming It has 5.9% of land irrigated as compared to Rwanda with 3.0% of land irrigated with a total cultivated land area of 1,228, 000 ha (EICV3, NISR, 2011). The sectors with irrigated produce are in Matimba, Mukama, Musheli, Nyagatare, Rukomo Rwempasha and Tabagwe where they primarily harvest rice, maize, beans and horticulture. 4.6.2 Planning perspectives Nyagatare District, as dominated by the LUCA A, with an absolute preference for Agricultural land, the NLUDMP 2020-2050 2020-20250 recommendations have guided the allocation of land to agriculture development in the district and shall be implemented to achieve desired increased production. As per the directive, no more expansion of forest plantations is allowed and all wooded savannah and shrublands, which are not part of a natural park, will be transformed into prime agricultural lands. 4.6.2.1 Increasing agriculture development in swamplands Increasing agricultural productivity is one the main strategies for poverty reduction in Rwanda considering that the agricultural sector contributes over 30% of the GDP. Nyagatare District has more than 22 swamplands. The main swampland in Nyagatare City area is associated along the Muvumba River, it is a natural swampland but has been occupied by two major uses: one part of the swampland is used for cultivation of rice, and irrigated crops such as cabbage and maize, while the other part of the swampland is used for clay extraction, mainly for brick making. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 104 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 85 Figure 27 : Swamplands in Nyagatare District The figure above indicates gazetted swamplands boundaries in Nyagatare District. swamplands are classified into 2 categories, protected swamplands and unprotected swamplands. Protected swamplands located in the Karangazi sector in Akagera National Park will be used for environmental conservation purposes, however remaining unprotected swampland with an area of 8742 ha will be exploited mainly for agriculture development. 4.6.2.2 Increasing hillside irrigation in the district The Muvumba Multipurpose dam project objective is to improve water, energy, food and nutrition security by harnessing water resources for irrigation, domestic, livestock use and hydropower generation, while ensuring sustainability of the resources and building resilience against climate change. The proposed dam is located on the river Muvumba on the junction of Bushara, Cyenkwanzi Rwebare Cells and the hillside irrigation will be developed in Tabagwe, Gatunda, Karama, Rukomo, Nyagatare, Rwempasha, Musheri and Rwimiyaga sectors. The program will improve Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 105 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 86 natural resources and environmental management and empower people in the district through land management and capacity development on alternative livelihood. Figure 28: Muvumba multipurpose Dam and irrigation project Muvumba Multipurpose Dam Project is a dam of 30.5m high and impounds 35 million cubic meter of water in Karama, Gatunda and Rukomo Sectors and supplies water for domestic use to Karangazi, Rwempasha and Nyagatare sectors. The Irrigation project covers 17,604.65 hectares benefitting both crops and livestock development, and the dam supplies water for irrigation of 7380 ha (net command area) and water for 16 reservoirs for livestock and it produces annual energy of 5719 Mwh with installation capacity of 740 KW (370x2). The implementation of this project affects 489.02 ha of land, different crops and 265 houses. The program objective is to improve water, energy and food security of Nyagatare . Type Length (Km) Area (M2) Area (Ha) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 106 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 87 Dam/Reservoir 23 7607546.98 760.754 Command Area 242 176046527.34 17,604.65 Table 29: Muvumba dam description Irrigation Project Area Irrigation type SN Land Use 18,365.40 % Reservoir Area (Ha) Command Area (Ha) 1 Agriculture 14,142.00 77.00 506.5 13,635.50 2 Buffer 204.2 1.11 40.3 163.9 3 Commercial 24.9 0.14 0 24.9 4 Forests 80.8 0.44 13.2 67.5 5 Industry 3.8 0.02 0 3.8 6 Open Spaces, Ecotourism Zones 18 0.10 0 18 7 Public Administration 8.9 0.05 0 8.9 8 Public Facilities 56.2 0.31 0 56.2 9 Residential 314.7 1.71 1.43 313.2 10 Transportation 607.1 3.31 28.6 578.5 11 Waterbody 9.5 0.05 0 9.5 12 Swampland /Swamplands 2,895.60 15.77 170.774768 2,724.80 Table 30: Planned Land uses in Nyagatare DLUP within Muvumba Irrigation Project The Table and map above show how much land is used for the irrigation project as well proposed land uses within the irrigation scheme. 4.7 LIVESTOCK 4.7.1 Existing situation 68% of all households in Rwanda raise some type of livestock. The government of Rwanda recognizes the positive contribution of animal resources to the national GDP, reduction of poverty, nutritional security and in boosting export earnings. The livestock sector has become increasingly productive over the past years and the aim is to sustain this growth (Rwanda National Agriculture Policy, 2018). Government programs (such as Girinka Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 107 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 88 and small livestock distribution) distribute cows and other livestock to the poor rural households. Currently 47% of rural households have at least one cow, and 53% have at least one goat (National ICT4Rag Strategy 2016-2020). However, livestock productivity in Rwanda is low. In comparison, in Israel, the number of cows is about 50% of the number of cows in Rwanda, but the production of cow milk is 9 times higher than in Rwanda, and the production of beef is 4.5 times higher. There are many reasons for the low productivity of livestock in Rwanda; it seems that a major issue is the feeding patterns of the farm animals. Now the feeding is based on grazing or cut weed from the wild. Productive livestock should be fed grains (wheat, maize, soybean etc.) according to a stable diet, where every ingredient is planned. With the increase in population growth and urbanization, livestock production has played a major role in Nyagatare’s development. 64% of all households in the Nyagatare District raise some type of livestock. Currently, Nyagatare has 8 modern markets for cows – Ryabega, Mbare, Karangazi, Nyendo, Rwimiyaga, Nshuri, Rutare and Nyakigando. Nyagatare District practises genetic improvement to breed cattle. Artificial insemination of improved breeds is inserted to local breeds and this produces high productive cows, increasing milk production per day, Nyagatare produces 65 000 litre of milk. There are 18 Milk Collection Centers located in nine Sectors of Nyagatare District but only 12 are operational. The expansion of the milk collection centers allows huge potential for economic export and transformation for Nyagatare. 4.7.2 Planning Perspective In livestock domain, the following are the main interventions: the increase of livestock development such as numbers of modern cows, increase quantity of milk and meat, improvement of animals’ species from the local ones to the exotic specific productive species through insemination, high leather quality production, the construction of a modern slaughter, the transformation of milk collection centers (MCCs) into the business centres, promote animals’ vaccination, increase the number of district veterinary hospitals and pharmacies. Due to livestock greater implication in Nyagatare District development, the following recommendations will guide Nyagatare District for livestock efficiency and sustainability: 1. Ensure that the siting, distribution and density of water points is done in consultation with relevant stakeholders after doing an EIA 2. Rehabilitate degraded lands with appropriate technology e.g. reseeding, soil conservation among others 3. Set aside blocks for seed bulking and pasture conservation Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 108 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 89 4. Encourage rotational grazing (wet season and dry season grazing areas) through regulated grazing procedures developed by locals. 5. Ensure siting of livestock handling facilities (markets, holding grounds, dips, routes that animals follow on their way to markets etc.) is done in consultation with the local communities and sector authorities. 6. Control human settlements near watering points 7. Encourage the location of processing facilities in livestock rearing areas 8. Establish inventories, map and register community grazing areas. 9. Prohibited any subdivision of land planned for livestock 4.8 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES The environment and natural resources sector have been allocated the second-highest land use, covering 9,925 km², representing 37.7% of the country. This allocation underscores the critical importance of protecting and conserving natural areas, which are fundamental measures for achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals. The environment and natural resources (ENR) sector not only contribute significantly to the economic growth of the country but also plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity. However, the ENR sector faces challenges stemming from the inefficient use of natural resources, driven by unsustainable investment trends and pressure from other sectors. In Nyagatare District, a valuable ecosystem prevails, primarily consisting of shrubs, as well as protected areas such as Akagera National Park, rivers and swampland networks Akagera National Park is the largest protected swampland in central Africa. The complex system of lakes and linking Papyrus swamps makes up over a third of the park. Buffers are enforced to safeguard the park lands. The scattered forests and areas with slopes steeper than 55% are identified to be zoned as nature areas. The contiguous nature areas are encouraged to be reforested and protected. Nature areas of slope greater than 30% close to urban areas are recommended to be integrated with development as nature parks for passive recreation. 4.8.1 Forestry Rwanda’s vision entails achieving and maintaining a forest cover of 30%. Based on the latest forestry data from 2019, Rwanda’s forest cover spans approximately 7,246 km2, constituting Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 109 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 90 approximately 30.4% of the country’s dry land area. This forest cover comprises various components, including plantations accounting for 53.5%, wooded savannah in the East covering 23.3%, natural mountain rainforests encompassing 18.1%, and shrub lands comprising 6.1%. Additionally, bamboo stands occupy a mere 613 hectares, primarily concentrated in the buffer zones of rivers. (Source: Rwanda Forest Cover, 2019) At district level, the top forested districts are Nyaruguru with 55,759 hectares (55 %) occupied by forests, followed by Rusizi district with 48,255 hectares (53%), Nyamagabe with 54,018 hectares (50%), and Nyamasheke with 45,935 hectares (48%) of forest land. The least forested districts are for Cities and Towns where forests occupy less than 10% of the total district land (Rwanda Forest Cover, 2019). 4.8.1.1 Existing Situation in the district The 2019 Rwanda forest Cover map indicates that forests account for 66,679 ha, about 27.5% of total district land area in Nyagatare District. The highest forested Sectors are Rwimiyaga sector with 53% of its land covered by forests of which 10,007 ha are savannah woodland, 3,600 ha are forest plantations, and 2,143 ha are natural shrubs. The second forested sector is Karangazi with 25,219 ha of wooded savannah. The first two sectors are dominated by wooded savannah inside and outside Akagera National Park and ranches with scattered trees. The tree cover in ranches is below 10%, mainly found in the sectors of Rwempasha, Rwimiyaga, Nyagatare and Karangazi. The least forested sectors in Nyagatare are Rukomo with only 5% forest cover, and Mimuri sector with 8% forest cover. The Forest cover change in Nyagatare District during the last decade showed that in the Rwempasha sector, the natural degeneration of wood savannah has been tremendous (280%). Other sectors like Katabagemu, Musheri, Nyagatare Rukomo and Tabagwe, the deforestation surpasses the afforestation efforts during the last decade from 2009. The overall trend is negative with about a 16% decrease in forest cover for the past ten years which is about 1.6% of forest loss every year in Nyagatare District. The situation becomes alarming as the district is already in semi-arid region and the risk of drought is likely to increase and therefore a doubled afforestation effort through the sylvo-pastoralism practices in ranches and agroforestry in alley cropping systems especially in Rwimiyaga and Karangazi sectors are required. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 110 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 91 4.8.1.2 Planning Perspectives Nyagatare District will promote establishments of forest plantations in Rwempasha and Rwimiyaga sectors and this will make forest plantations more helpful in the conservation of natural savannah woodland because it provides forest resources needed for the community and reduces continued deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Incorporating conservation of trees in ranches, combined with reforestation of degraded savannah is vital to upgrade forest cover in Nyagatare District which is currently dominated by low-density cover. Figure 29: High slopes of more than 55% proposed for afforestation in livestock zones The DLUP identified a total of 9,615.0 hectares of high slope (more than 55%), of which existing forest covers 5,689.7 hectares, while the remaining 3,925.3 hectares are either bare land, cultivated or degraded areas of shurblands in livestock zones proposed for afforestation. As recommended by the NLUDMP 2020-2050 all of high slope zones not yet covered with forests, will be used as afforestation for enhancing the forestry and environmental protection in the district mainly in Kiyombe, Mukama, Rwimiyaga and parts of Karama and Gatunda Sectors. Nyagatare District will implement the following measures as recommended by the NLUDMP 2020 2050: ● Ensuring that all natural forests should be preserved entirely, and economically maintained and managed. ● Ensuring that all forest plantations will be protected, increase the current forest densities, and professionally and financially managed. ● Ensuring that all the bare slopes above 55% totaling 39.25 km² of high hills in Western and Eastern parts of the district are planted with trees to become part of the forest cover. If economically maintained and managed, cash crops like tea plantations can be developed on very high slopes. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 111 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 92 Nyagatare District and National Forestry Authority shall implement an integration of forestry and livestock production, livestock zones of very high slopes are to be afforested while the remaining areas of livestock zones are reserved agroforestry. 4.8.2 Swamplands According to the Ministerial Order no 006/03 of 30/01/2017, which outlines the identification, characteristics, boundaries, and management modalities of swamplands, there are 935 swamplands recorded. These swamplands collectively cover an area of 276,477 hectares. Among these swamplands, 74% are designated for conditional exploitation, 6% are allocated for full exploitation, and the remaining 20% are fully protected swamplands. 4.8.2.1 Existing Situation Nyagatare District has more than 22 swamplands as gazette in prime minister’s order no 006/03 of 30/01/2017 drawing up a list of swamps land, their characteristics and boundaries and determining modalities of their use, development and management. The main swampland in Nyagatare City area is associated along the Muvumba River: It is a natural swampland but has been occupied by two major uses: one part of the swampland is used for cultivation of rice, and irrigated crops such as cabbage, tomato and maize, while the other part of the swampland is used for clay extraction, mainly for brick making. The brick making and baking is done within the swamplands area. These agricultural and clay extraction activities have caused a total loss of the swampland’s natural properties, including its natural vegetation, except on the shores of Muvumba River and small patches which still retain their natural vegetation. This also implies a loss of natural fauna habitat. The City development puts pressure on the swampland as the swampland is adjacent to Nyagatare City with some of the City’s facilities encroaching upon the swampland area. The swampland receives polluted wastewater and storm water draining from the City. The swampland serves as an important source of water to the City. In Karangazi Sector, 71.5 Km2 are protected swampland from use to mitigate flood damage, absorb pollutants, and enhance water quality. They also offer habitat for animals and plants, and many of them sustain a diverse range of life, including species and animals found nowhere else. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 112 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 93 Map 17: Categories of swamplands in the district 4.8.2.2 Planning Perspectives As illustrated by the map on above, within the district, 71.5 Km2 will continue as protected areas while other swamplands of 88.13 Km2 will be opened to the conditional use for instance for an integrated farming system on crop production that has an impact on socio-economic development of farmers in Nyagatare District. Zoning enforcement and ensure limited and acquisition for swampland for other functions. Nyagatare’s swamplands are zoned for both agriculture and conservation, where the 159.64 km2 of the existing swamplands are recommended to be used as follows: ● 88.13 Km2 of the swamplands are marked to be protected. ● Opening up for conditional use 71.52 km2 of the unprotected swamplands for agriculture (following the laid down guidelines) ● Opening up for conditional use parts of swamplands for other uses, e.g., Recreation, research, tourism, etc. ● Conservation of all buffer zones of swamplands totaling 11.15 Km2 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 113 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 94 ● Use and retention of urban swamplands as collection points and filters for storm water from the urban areas, based on the fact that swamplands are part of the “green infrastructure” of healthy catchments and provide a multitude of ecosystem services especially in urban areas ● Systematic restoration of degraded swamplands in the district, ● For the swamplands which are identified for conditional use, their proposed use(s) should be guided by undertaking EIA to ensure their sustainable utilization ● Development of ecotourism parks in the swamplands along with development areas for conservation, educational and recreational purposes. The enhancement and development of tourism and recreational activities on swamplands will enhance their conservation elements. 4.8.3 Water bodies Nationally, water bodies encompass 6.2% of the country’s total area, spanning approximately 1,537 square kilometers. Most lakes and rivers are sustained by marshes, which in turn receive water from shallow groundwater and seasonal floods. Rwanda boasts 101 lakes covering 149,487 hectares and 861 rivers spanning a combined length of 6,462 kilometers. The primary challenges to water resources stem from the utilization of natural resources to fulfill basic household requirements and to support socioeconomic endeavors, such as agricultural activities. 4.8.3.1 Existing Situation Several rivers, including the Nyiragahaya, Kayihenda, Karuruma, Nyagasharara, and Kaborogota, are irregular and intermittent. Therefore, there is no efficient constant river that Nyagatare population can use, which poses a severe difficulty in meeting the requirements of humans and animals for water needs. 4.8.3.2 Planning Perspectives In the implementation of Nyagatare DLUP, the following are recommended. Ensuring that all the water bodies and their buffer zones and the protected swamplands and their buffer zones are fully protected, particularly prohibition of settlements in 50m from lakeshores, 10m for rivers and 20m buffer for swampland boundaries. Buffer zones are used for forestry, tourism and conservation efforts. Ensuring policies relating to water resources extraction and protection with a focus on enhancing saving and water conservation are aligned with NLUDMP 2020-2050. Putting in place a prudent water resource management plan driven by projected increases in water demand and climate change at all levels of administration and catchment areas. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 114 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 95 Develop hydrological and hydraulic models at district and catchment levels, improved rainfall monitoring, river flow and groundwater monitoring and a better understanding of agro-meteorology and water quality testing. Enhance and improve the knowledge and operations of water users within Nyagatare District, catchments area, irrigated and mining sites etc. as instructed in the NLUDMP 2020 2050. Proposed Muvumba irrigation and watershed development will provide for multipurpose water opportunities through expansion of irrigation area, implemented flow regulation for drought and flood control and more potable water supply for the population. The project aims to reverse environmental degradation in swamplands and promote inter-country and in-country shared common use of water resources. 4.8.4 Mining The Government of Rwanda recognizes that the mining sector has the potential to become one of the drivers of long-term sustainable growth through economic transformation, industrialization and inclusive growth taking into account environmental and social considerations and using green mining techniques. It can provide revenues to contribute to a rapid economic growth, a positive trade balance, foreign exchange earnings, and opportunities for employment, backwards and forward linkages that will overall generate substantial social and economic benefits to the Rwandan society. Rwanda is endowed with varieties of minerals such as Cassiterite (SnO2), Wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4], Colombo-tantalite [(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6)], Gold, Iron and gemstones such as Amethyst, Sapphire, Beryl, Green and black tourmaline, Topaz, corundum, Opal, Agate, Flint, Chiastolite and others. Among these, the main minerals being exploited and traded in Rwanda are Cassiterite (tin ore), Wolframite (tungsten), Coltan (niobium-tantalum), Amblygonite, gold (in small quantities) and gemstones (amethyst, sapphire and tourmaline). Other resources include quarry stones used in the construction industry such as amphibolite, granites and quartzite, volcanic rocks, clay, kaolin, dolomite, sand and gravel. The mining sector employs over 60,000 people countrywide and has generated 733 USD in 2020. Its contribution to the GDP was 2% in 2020. The mining activities play an important role in the economic and social development of Nyagatare District. The exploration and extraction of Coltan, Cassiterite and industrial minerals and construction material will employ a big number of people, Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 115 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 96 especially the ones living in the nearby mining and quarrying concessions. The mining and quarrying activities will generate money through opportunities for employment, backwards and forward linkages that will overall generate substantial social and economic benefits to the district. 4.8.4.1 Existing Situation The major minerals extracted in Nyagatare District are Cassiterite, Coltan and construction materials (Granite, Clay, Sandstone and gravel). The minerals are extracted specifically in Rwimiyaga, Tabagwe and Musheri Sectors. Industrial materials (especially granite, sandstone) are extracted in different Sectors of Nyagatare District. Granite is extracted in the Nyagatare Sector for the tiles factory (East African Granite Industry). In Matimba, Rwimiyaga and Musheri Sectors, exploration has shown the potential reserves for Muscovite, Rock crystal, Milky quartz, Rose quartz, Black tourmaline. Mining in Nyagatare District is among the main industrial sectors and represents 1.4% of employment, whereas the national average is estimated at 1.0%. Nyagatare District has important deposits of Cassiterite, Coltan, and Wolfram as well as stone and clay deposits. Big quarries consist of granites in Nyagatare Sectors. Currently there are 16 mining companies running operations at small and medium scale and two miners at large scale in Nyagatare District. The main exploited minerals in Nyagatare are Wolfram, Coltan and Cassiterite. Most of the mining companies operating in the district are owned by private sectors. They provide investment that in turn increase productions and exports. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 116 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 97 Map 18: Location of Mining & Quarries in Nyagatare District The development of the mining sector requires enough technologies, advanced infrastructures and skilled people to ensure mining sustainability. Even though Nyagatare is powerful in the mining sector, some challenges like unskilled labour force, power infrastructures, and land degradation still happen in some areas. 4.8.4.2 Planning Perspectives Nyagatare District has potentialities in the mining sector due to the large amount of resources. There are a substantial number of private investors currently operating in Nyagatare. Mining production can be increased through professionalizing exploitation and processing methods. The district is powerful in granite production and relevant infrastructures processing, minerals investors, international and local markets, all factors accelerate future development of the mining sector in Nyagatare District. As mining concessions are provided by Rwanda Mining Board as wide concepts, mining concession areas are spatially zoned as overlays. Mining permit are assessed and approved by the local planning authority based on the existing site context so that any negative impacts is mitigated. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 117 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 98 4.8.5 Green Urbanization The foundation of this district plan rests upon the adoption and execution of principles promoting sustainability across various domains, including the establishment of green cities, green villages, green buildings, and green transportation networks within both rural and urban landscapes. Moreover, it prioritizes the implementation of comprehensive sanitation, urban drainage, water management systems, and recycling initiatives across all settlement areas, spanning rural, rurban, and urban settings. Recognizing the adverse effects of unsustainable land use driven by urbanization and human settlement, the plan aims to mitigate impacts on biodiversity, natural habitats, and the environment at large. This entails addressing issues stemming from increased settlement and resource consumption, ensuring a harmonious balance between development and environmental preservation. 4.8.5.1 Existing Situation Nyagatare is Rwanda's second most populated district, with a total population of 600,000 people, 56,000 who reside in urban areas (Nyagatare District town and emerging centres). This has an impact on the computation rate for environmental resources. A large number of displaced rural settlements is causing the unsustainable use of natural resources and land for agriculture. The district is encouraging energy diversification and the use of alternative energy sources (methane gas, solar, wind, and micro-hydroelectricity) to reduce emission and sustainable use environmental resources. 4.8.5.2 Planning Perspectives Various actions must be implemented to guarantee that Nyagatare DLUP is environmentally sustainable in its execution. It requests that numerous policies and legal frameworks be reviewed and updated in parallel with the NLUDMP 2020-2050. Therefore, for a green urbanization the following are recommended: ● All Population, Urbanization, Settlements, and Housing (PUSH) programs of the district must comply with the projection of NLUDMP 2020-2050. ● Ensuring that all urban development processes incorporate climate risk and low-emission strategies on all the proposed activities; Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 118 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 99 ● Promote climate-resilient human settlements and prevent informal settlements as well as upgrading the existing ones. ● All the proposed investment in the proposed urban areas should have integrated, resilient, reliable and sustainable infrastructure which will enable the district to adapt to climate change and function efficiently at the local level ● All green infrastructure projects should be designed to complement gray infrastructure systems performing a combination of volume management, water quality improvement, and flood control; ● For all the urban developments, there should be identification and strengthening of the value of greenbelts and green spaces. ● All urban development plans and programs must support urban agriculture areas and programs to enhance food security in urban areas. ● Have the operators in the Industrial parks that go for cleaner and greener production and support the Zero waste economy and circular economy in their production activities. ● Ensure that Industrial parks are well supported in green planning, green technology, and production practices. With the assistance of GGGI, REMA and other stakeholder, Nyagatare District aspires to integrate the district's development plans to green growth and climate resilience measures to direct the district's growth in a green and climate-resilient manner, resulting in low-carbon urban development, disaster-resilient district, and increased green investment. Green Urban Design features for Nyagatare secondary city 1. Nyagatare Urban Link - The five streets are linked to create seamless pedestrian network along the city center, connecting the key functions within the City. The Urban Link connects the riverfront, the food park, the civic plaza, the cultural plaza and market / bus-taxi terminus. 2. Food Park and Waterfront development - includes Food Park to promote agro-tourism, open space (GGGI Park), Waterfront development with Botanic gardens, Swampland Park and city plaza, f&b outlets. (The structures along RN13 to be proposed for Railway station at a later date when the northern rail corridor is built.) 3. Market & Bus/ Taxi Terminal Hub - The Integrated and compact transport hub includes Arts and Crafts Park, market and shared parking space. 4. Civic Centre & Civic Plaza - includes library/community center Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 119 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 100 5. Cultural Hub - includes City Museum, shared amphitheater, Mixed use development (by PSF) and Civic Plaza. 4.8.6 Waste Management The amount of solid waste is increasing rapidly as a result of rapid growth and migration from rural to urban regions. The fast urban population increase has a significant socio-economic and environmental influence on solid waste management techniques. The Rwandan goal is to provide 100% of the population with access to an improved type of sanitation system. Improved sanitation systems are considered to include flush toilets, EcoSan toilets and pit latrines with solid slabs. In order to meet this goal, the following general levels of service are proposed: • Rural (R1B) / low-density areas – On site treatment: Pit latrines with septic tanks and solid slabs, EcoSan toilets (waterless composting units); • Industrial areas – On site treatment: Industries to treat their own effluent on site, with industry-specific technologies; • Urban / high-density areas – Off site treatment: Flush toilets with connection to a waterborne sewer network to be treated at a waste water treatment plant. 4.8.6.1 Existing Situation In the district there is inadequate waste management, as a large portion of the population does not have access to a formal waste collection system. Most of the waste gets dumped on the streets, and it is then collected by municipal workers who carry it to secondary collection points or small open dumps on the street corners. This happens twice a week, on Tuesdays and Fridays. From these dumps the waste is collected and loaded on trucks and then transported to a site approximately 6.3 km from the city. A private company “Direct Services Limited” is responsible for the waste collection and they hire trucks for this purpose. This site is only a dump site for waste with no treatment or processing facilities. This of course, is a health and environmental concern. Moreover, The EICV 5 indicate that 52% of the citizens in Nyagatare dispose of their waste by dumping it in nearby bushes or fields. This is higher than the national average of 46.5%, and is an environmental concern. 4% of residents use a collection service which is lower than the 8.3% national average. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 120 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 101 4.8.6.2 Planning Perspectives a) Solid waste In compliance with NLUDMP 2020-2050 recommendations Nyagatare DLUP recommends the following actions; ● Have a robust Solid Waste management system for all development that is based on reuse hierarchy but be focusing on zero waste generation. ● Support the circular economy programs in all the planned activities of NLUDMP 2020-2050 so that there is a minimum generation of waste (total zero waste). ● Where they are waste treatment facilities, ensure that they could be used for enhanced production of energy, fertilizer, or other production activities. ● Identification of Strategic targets and indicators for monitoring. Among the ongoing projects in Nyagatare there is a construction of an engineered landfill and faecal sludge treatment plant in Nyagatare under the Lake Victoria Water Supply and Sanitation Program Phase II. Based on the waste generation calculations, the following solid waste projects are proposed: Moreover there is a requirement for all waste generated in urban/ high-density areas to be collected and disposed at an engineered landfill, sized to receive 162 000 tonnes of waste per year in 2050 as well as composting of organic waste especially for rural areas; and establish material recycling facilities. b) Liquid waste The following actions are proposed during the implementation of Nyagatare DLUP to ensure that there are adequate sanitation and water control systems, and recycling programs. This would be achieved through; ● Enhanced development of liquid waste management systems in cities, towns, urban, and rural settlement areas. Currently there are no centralized wastewater management systems and may be challenging to set up construction of semi-centralized sewerage systems in all planned and grouped settlements; ● Ensuring and having in place elaborated programs for the protection of waterways and systems where they exist; Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 121 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 102 ● Promote sustainable agriculture to reduce environmental impacts; Based on population projection and Land Use development, the following waste water related projects are proposed: ✓ construction of a sewer network in urban/high density areas to ensure drainage from flush toilets; ✓ construction of a sewer treatment plant to cater for the flows generated in urban areas with an approximate capacity of 48 Ml. In order to cater for the waste water generated in urban/ high density areas a series of collector pipes draining to the sewer treatment plant will be proposed. For rural/ low-density areas on-site treatment such as pit latrines with septic tanks will be proposed. The measures below will be explored for implementation in Nyagatare District Land Use plan: ● Grey water harvesting; ● Replacement of pit latrines with EcoSan toilets to save water, prevent contamination of groundwater ● Sources and reuse waste as fertilizer. EcoSan toilets use a natural biological process to break down human waste into a dehydrated odourless compost-like material; ● Decentralized technologies which are more sustainable in the context of rapid low density urbanization such as septic tanks, biogas digesters, compost toilets, VIP’s; ● Comprehensive strategies for sustainable sanitation systems, from collection to reuse (i.e.: converting sludge into energy sources, or fertilizer etc.) 4.8.7 Storm water Management The management of flooding, erosion, and landslides in the district will be ongoing, with a focus on implementing modern terracing techniques, water harvesting systems, and gully construction measures. To ensure the provision of adequate sanitation and stormwater control systems, as well as recycling programs, the following actions are proposed during the implementation of the Nyagatare DLUP. Given the vulnerability of swamplands and settlements to the impacts of stormwater, and the absence of rainwater harvesting systems in public facilities, several initiatives are proposed: Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 122 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 103 o Implementation of a terracing program to mitigate erosion and improve water retention. Afforestation and restoration of forest cover to enhance erosion control, safeguard marshlands, and establish buffer zones. o Establishment of rainwater harvesting systems to augment water resources in public facilities. o Promotion of agricultural practices that enhance productivity while preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. These initiatives aim to not only address immediate challenges related to flooding, erosion, and landslides but also contribute to long-term environmental resilience and sustainability within the district. 4.8.7.1 Existing Situation Within the district some storm water networks are already on the roadside, but it has been observed that there is an absence of sufficient and proper cross drainage arrangements to facilitate storm water drainage along cross roads. Natural hazards such as flooding are happening along Muvumba. The detailed study of this hazardous area is still not undertaken. The master plan recommends that land falling into floodplains be identified as a protected zone to ensure these sensitive areas are not encroached by developments. Nyagatare drains exist mainly along district and national roads. A few road side drains are noticed in the core area of the city. 41% of roads are supported by the drainage systems. Moreover, most of the existing drains are reported to be in poor condition and are not regularly maintained (RHA 2021) 4.8.7.2 Planning Perspectives The following actions need special attention: ● Enhanced development of storm water management systems in cities, towns, urban, and rural settlement areas. ● Ensuring and having in place elaborated programs for the protection of waterways and systems where they exist. ● Promote rainwater harvesting practices from rooftops, households and drainage networks ● Ensure appropriate drainage systems in residential areas and road infrastructure ● Establishment of a centralized wastewater and sewage treatment facility. The level 3 catchments for the district shown in the figure bellow, further split Nyagatare city into four catchments for the purpose of storm water drainage. These four catchments are: Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 123 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 104 Catchment 1 - covering part of Nyagatare, Kinihira, Mirama and Choroba; Catchment 2 - covering part of Nyagatare and Kinihira; Catchment 3 - covering part of Barija, Nyagatare and Kinihira; Catchment 4 - covering part of Barija A and Nyegeza. Figure 30: Storm water catchment to the Nyagatare city. In general, tertiary drains carry storm water from the catchment area to the main drains. The secondary drains, flowing from North to South in Nyagatare, discharge into the Muvumba River, which then acts as the primary drainage system. As a detailed physical plan will be implemented for land readjustments and site servicing to ensure that the implementation is properly guided, also the storm water management network for handling the storm water from settlements have to be established. 4.9 TOURISM AND CONSERVATION The tourism sector stands out as a cornerstone of Rwanda’s transition from an agriculture-centric economy to one driven by services. Rwanda views tourism as a labor-intensive, domestically consumed export that not only generates quality employment opportunities and foreign exchange earnings but also enhances Rwanda’s global reputation. For over a decade, tourism has been Rwanda's primary source of foreign exchange, experiencing consistent growth rates exceeding 10% annually. The sector's indirect contribution to Rwanda's GDP surged from 6.2% to 6.8% in 2018, amounting to RWF 933.5 billion (US$ 1,129.9 million). Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 124 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 105 Projections indicate that tourism's share of Rwanda's GDP will increase substantially to 12.5% by 2028, as per the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) 2018 report. Furthermore, the tourism industry's indirect employment contribution rose by 3.9% to 346,500 jobs in 2018, with an anticipated increase to 469,000 jobs by 2028, growing at a rate of 3.1% annually, according to WTTC. Aligned with Rwanda's Vision 2050, the future of the tourism industry will be shaped by various emerging segments, including MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions), Medical, Educational, Water-based, Adventure, and Religious tourism. Tourism segments Expected total GDP contribution (%) International Domestic Meetings, Incentives, Conference & Exhibition (MICE) 25% 20% 5% Wildlife 20% 12% 8% Cultural and historical 15% 5% 10% Religious 7% 3% 4% Medical 5% 5% Educational 3% 3% Adventure 10% 8% 25% Water based Tourism 15% 8% 25% Table 31: Tourism segment by 2050 4.9.1 Existing situation In Nyagatre District, the Akagera National Park offers tremendous opportunities for eco-tourism. Akagera National Park features forest, swamps, savannah plains, highlands, biodiversity and exotic native animals. The highlight of the park would be the big five large predators. As more tourists flood in, there is a demand to increase in providing accommodation facilities which in turn provides jobs to the population, boosting their economy hence, contributing to the overall economic development of Nyagatare District. In the Gatunda sector, Jambiani Tourism Training institute (JTTI) provides for the local community a two-year vocational training curriculum to help develop skills needed to enter the tourism and hospitality industry. The students in the institutes are also given opportunities to experience work in hotels and tour operators to gain an insight of the working Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 125 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 106 environment of the local tourism and hospitality industry. This is vital for the youths to empower and prepare them for the transition into jobs. Figure 31: Tourism Investment Areas 4.9.2 Planning perspectives Based on the 2050 Rwanda’s Vision, the new tourism segments that will shape the future of the tourism industry shall include MICE, Medical, Education, Water-based, Adventure, and Religious tourism. Resources Total Area (Size) National Parks (Akagera, Volcanoes, Nyungwe and Gishwati Mukura), expansions and their buffers 2611 km2 Lakes Islands 16 km2 Eco-Tourism land around lakes 886 km2 Functions Tourist parcels outside national parks, allocated for tourism development 12 km2 Table 32: Land size of tourism areas for 2050 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 126 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 107 Figure 32: Tourism activities in Nyagatare District Nyagatare has tourism potential but it is not fully exploited with the lack of hotels and provision of standard accommodation facilities. Within the area, there is currently one hotel. However, there are plans to increase to 3 hotels. Additionally, there is a new 5-star lodge development at the northern end of Akagera National Park. ✓ Destination Management Areas (DMAs) The national tourism circuits commonly called “Destination Management Areas” are centred on major attractions and have been demarcated by Rwanda Development Board as hotspots for tourism development and investment. It is worth noting that each DMA is centred on its core attractions and whatever else could add value to the overall product catalogue, based on what Rwanda has to offer as a competitive destination. Destination Management Areas do not become destinations overnight: their development requires investment in infrastructures, services and products. Each stage of the lifecycle of a destination is associated with a specific spatial distribution and allocations to suit its intended objectives. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 127 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 108 Figure 33: Map showing DMAs ✓ Cultural Tourism The culture of Rwanda is varied and has a long history of (oral/written) literature, music, dance, traditional arts and crafts produced throughout the country. Cultural tourism is considered as one of the creative industries which can play an important role in Rwanda. The Five-Year Strategic plan for the development of the Creative Arts Industry of Rwanda (2017-2022) stipulates that the creative industry should be streamlined and exploited in order to play a tangible role in the country’s economic development. Some of the key challenges the cultural tourism sector is facing are linked to a lack of adequate infrastructures at various cultural and historical sites, and inadequate mechanisms to attract the private sector to invest and deliver cultural tourism products and services. Being an emerging sector that employs a significant number of people, mainly youth, and this sector will continue to grow in Rwanda. What will be recommended is to look at cultural tourism as a transition from its traditional form (as a commodity) to a creative cultural tourism, based on skills and production. ✓ Tourism Trail: Liberation tourism heritage sites in Nyagatare District The Liberation History Tourism Trail is a joint project to be completed at a tune of Rwf4 billion and was officially launched as a new tourism heritage product that traces the routes of RPA liberation struggle from October 1990 to July 4, 1994. This concept was initiated in 2018 in collaboration with the RDF and the Ministry of Defense. “The preservation of the liberation tourism heritage sites is a priority, not only for both domestic and international tourism but also to bolster the income of the communities that supported the troupes during the liberation struggle. Nyagatare District has a historical significance in Rwanda. It hosts the key sites that played a strategic importance of the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF-Inkotanyi), launched the liberation Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 128 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 109 struggle in October 1990 in Kagitumba, as well as the Gikoba site, in Tabagwe Sector which served as a secure place secure to RPA high command since July 1991. The Project, Liberation History Tourism Trail, will cover eight destinations, which were identified based on their strategic and historical importance to the liberation struggle. Gikoba was home to Rwandan Patriotic Army’s (RPA) first military base from March 1991 to May 1992. It is remembered in history of Rwanda’s liberation struggle because of the series of plans to reform the liberation struggle that took place in the area. The ultimate goal is to increase awareness about culture and heritage, boost domestic tourism, and promote education and leisure for future generations, as well as increase tourism traffic and revenue. During the process, eight unique destinations were identified based on their strategic and historical importance to the liberation struggle. The locations are; Gikoba, Shonga, Mulindi, Urugano, Musanze, Kagitumba, Mukarange, and CND (currently Parliament building). Once developed, they will respond to the demand for culture and heritage products for the domestic and international markets, and perhaps enable tourists to spend more days in the country. The first phase of the implementation, which includes Gikoba, Shonga, and Mulindi is expected to be completed next year, according to the Rwanda Development Board. The second phase, expected to complete in 2023, will include Urugano (in the Virunga National Park), Musanze, and CND in Kigali, while the third phase will see the development of Kagitumba, and Mukarange. ✓ Gikoba Underground & Open Air Museum A mobile application was launched, featuring liberation sites and liberation history content, as well as a virtual reality experience for Gikoba Underground and Open Air Museum. President Kagame was the first to experience the virtual tour of Gikoba Underground and Open Air Museum, Rwanda’s third museum that will feature the history of the liberation struggle. Artistic impression of the museum showcases an underground visitor information desk, underground digital and physical exhibition halls and galleries that feature the history of sites, liberation artefacts, video testimonies, and personal VR guided tours of the trail and its elements. It will feature the open air impression of the assembly point, command post, and modernization of a bunker that was used by the then Commander in Chief of RPA. The site will also be equipped with a visitors’ area containing a reception and ticketing area, coffee and souvenir shop. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 129 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 110 Upon entry, visitors will be received at the reception by museum staff and will be given instruction about tour options available. It is here that visitors will purchase or validate their tickets. Outside the entrance of the underground museum is a coffee shop, and next to the entrance is a section that pays homage to the fallen soldiers of the struggle, which will be presented in the form of names of fallen fighters inscribed on marble plaques. To the left of the underground museum is a physical exhibition, which will feature army artefacts ranging from uniforms used by the RPA fighters, army artillery, army backpacks, and personal effects. To the right side sits the digital exhibition hall, which will feature voice guided virtual reality tour consoles of the Gikoba trail and all its elements, and a video screening room with capacity to accommodate a maximum of 54 visitors for group screenings or video historical testimonies. The design elements of the underground museum were inspired by the first trenches that were built in Rwanda during the liberation struggle. Figure 34: Gikoba Underground-Source: The New Times The Gikoba underground in Tabagwe Sector, Nyagatare District is similar to this National Mulindi Liberation Park Museum and they are both among eight unique destinations identified based on their strategic importance to the liberation struggle. ✓ Open Air Museum The entry of the museum will feature the visual elements of the assembly point, and as you continue to the outer part the command post is seen, just before the inner guard. The main attraction of the Gikoba Open Air Museum is the bunker of the Chairman of the High Command. Here, visitors will experience realistic recreation of the Bunker at the time of the liberation Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 130 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 111 struggle and its pivotal significance. Visitors will exit the bunker and reach at the final stop of the tour: The Journalists Meeting Area, which will bring the tour to its conclusion. 4.10 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4.10.1 National Context on Economic Development One of the key pillars of Rwanda's economic development strategy is the promotion of private sector-led growth. This has involved a range of measures to create an enabling environment for businesses to flourish, such as streamlining business registration procedures, improving access to finance, and promoting investment in priority sectors. Additionally, Rwanda has sought to leverage its strategic location within East Africa to position itself as a regional hub for trade and investment. The country has made significant progress in recent years, with improvements in key sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing. However, challenges remain, particularly in areas such as infrastructure development and access to finance. Furthermore, the projected demographic changes will have significant implications for policy development, particularly in areas such as education, healthcare, and employment. The growth in the working-age population presents an opportunity for the country to expand its workforce and drive economic growth, but this will require targeted investments in skills development and job creation. 4.10.2 Employment Situation in Nyagatare District ✓ Current situation According to the EICV4 and EICV5 data, employment in agriculture dominates all economic sectors accounting for 75% of the jobs in 2017. Employment in the agriculture sector has grown from 221,000 to about 280,000 between 2014 and 2018, representing a 26% growth. Other key employment sectors in Nyagatare include wholesale and retail trade which accounts for 11% of the jobs. Construction currently accounts for 3% of the labour market while household enterprises account for 4% of the jobs in Nyagatare District. In terms of jobs growth, total employment in Nyagatare grew from about 286,000 jobs to 370,000 jobs between 2014 and 2017, implying that 84000 new jobs were created in the last 3 years. The newly created jobs in Nyagatare are mainly dominated by Agriculture (57,895 jobs), Trade (14,090 jobs), household enterprises (7697 jobs) and construction (2509 jobs). Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 131 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 112 Recognizing the significance of employment creation in addressing the country’s rapid population growth, poverty reduction, and overall economic growth, the government has made it a priority. In Nyagatare DDS 2018-2024, it is outlined that the aim to create 21,000 off farm jobs by 2024, with a particular emphasis on empowering youth and women. To better illustrate the status of employment status for the population 16 years and over in Nyagatare District as highlighted in the RLFS 2022, a visual representation is provided below: Figure 35: Employment by branch of economic activity in Nyagatare District, RLFS 2022 Based on the data presented in the figure above, it is evident that the employment landscape in Nyagatare District is characterized by significant sectoral distribution. The key findings reveal: Agriculture dominates, encompassing a substantial 68.6% of total employment in the district, highlighting its pivotal role as a primary employer and its importance in sustaining livelihoods. Construction follows at 7.7%, playing a crucial role in both infrastructure development and job creation, thereby fostering economic growth. Wholesale and retail trade, as well as vehicle and motorcycle repair, collectively make up 5.5% of total employment, while manufacturing contributes 4.6%. The remaining 13.6% of Nyagatare's total employment is distributed across other sectors, as illustrated in the figure above. 93,672 6,274 232 10,454 7,531 4,259 1,065 2,352 797 3,829 186 732 2,653 2,451 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 Agriculture forestry and fishing Manufacturing Water supply, gas and remediation services Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor… Transportationa and storage Accommodation and food services activities Administrative and support activities Public administration and defense;… Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other services Activities of houselholds as employers EMPLOYMET BY BRANCH OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 132 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 113 ✓ Planned perspective on Employment Opportunities in the district Using the base of the labor Force Survey (RLFS 2022), and a methodology that cascades the assumptions from the NLUDMP 2020-2050 to the district level, and considering economic specialization of Nyagatare District and grouped the employment into five main categories as follows: ❖ Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing ❖ Mining and Quarrying ❖ Construction ❖ Manufacturing and ❖ Services This systematic approach ensures alignment with NLUDMP 2020-2050 guidelines and facilitating accurate and consistent estimation, as depicted in the graph below. Sector of activity Number of Employment to be created Formal Employment 2050 699,212 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 76,400 Mining and quarrying 37,757 Manufacturing (industrial park, agro processing industries and agakiriro) 109,592 Construction 122,109 Services 353,354 Table 33: Employment projection in Nyagatare District by 2050 By the year 2050, as urbanization expands and job opportunities increase, the service sector is anticipated to play a significant role in employment generation, making up 50.5% of the total employment to be generated, particularly in commercial activities. Simultaneously, the construction sector is set to play a crucial role in employment growth by facilitating the development of modern infrastructure, representing around 17.5% of the total employment landscape. In contrast, the manufacturing sector is expected to contribute 17% of employment creation. Despite the availability of arable land and abundant forests, agriculture, forest, and fishing are projected to make up only 10.9% of total employment. Finally, the mining sector is estimated to contribute 5.4%. 4.10.3 Trade and Industry The Manufacturing sector in Rwanda is still small but quite competitive and currently occupies 11 Km² of industrial parks. The industries are primarily engaged in the production and processing of Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 133 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 114 wood, tobacco, cement, textiles, agricultural products, small scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, tea, and coffee. Others include chemicals, construction, printing, paper, engineering, and methane gas. Thus, the economy is heavily dependent on the primary sector, with industry strongly tied to the processing of primary products. Figure 36: Industrial Park Status, 2019 ✓ Existing Situation The current allocation of industrial park in the district of Nyagatare is 50 ha in Rutaraka as the Center for Commercial Agriculture and Processing. Its location at the border with Uganda and the housing part of Akagera National Park, Livestock, Trade, and Tourism will be instrumental in shaping the district’s growth. Nyagatare has the strongest potential to market for agro-industrial due to the existing agro-infrastructure such as milk collection centres, livestock production centres, mining and granite industries in place. The most notable industrial development in Nyagatare is the East African Granite Industries. It is the largest player and has invested heavily in quarrying, granite processing and other building supplies. The factory occupies 72 hectares in the district, and employs over 200 directly and 1,000 others indirectly. The factory has expanded its operations and market to Uganda. The approved industrial project in Nyagatare is proposed near EAG industry. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 134 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 115 Figure 37: Main selling points, Source: National Base map, 2020 ✓ Planning Perspectives Rwanda’s industrial parks will operate at full capacity with state-of-the-art infrastructure, dedicated power lines, modern water and drainage systems, and high-speed internet connectivity. Each industrial park will be linked to modern cargo and handling facilities. Districts will have expanded areas marked as an industrial park with land being designated for this. By 2050, Kigali Special Economic Zone Phase III and new industrial parks in Bugesera, Huye, Musanze, Rwamagana, Muhanga, Nyagatare, Nyabihu/Rubavu, and Rusizi Districts will be developed and fully operationalized as State-of-the-art industrial parks. Nyagatare industrial development will primarily concentrate on agro and manufacturing industries and four industrial zones were proposed. Their locations were influenced by the proximity to proposed railway lines and national roads. NLUDMP 2020-2050 employment targets for Nyagatare District requires 228 ha of Industrial Park by 2035 and 685 ha by 2050. The land requirements identified in the district are based on the estimated formal employment target of 699,212 and 109,592 in manufacturing and hi-tech industries and 43,837 employed in industrial parks. The proposed Light Industries and Agakiriro zones (I1) will be located close to residential areas with easy vehicular access to offer residents’ proximity to a range of non-polluting services including workshops, business Parks, agroprocessing industries, udukiriri and retail warehouses. These zones are specifically planned in Rukomo, Mimuri, Rwimiyaga and Matimba rurbans, in order to increase job opportunities in Nyagatare District. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 135 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 116 Figure 38: Industrial development area in Nyagatare District 4.11 NYAGATARE DISTRICT LAND USE BALANCE SHEET The land use balance sheet is the summary for all thematic sectors that need land for their projects and prospects, where land is allocated to each sector considering the district potential and future needs. A balanced planning of land use according to the land needs of each sector takes place, and all sectoral institutions agree on the land allocation according to the opportunities in the district to avoid conflicts over land. Nyagatare District spans over an area of almost 1,925 square kilometers, including water bodies, protected swamplands and part of the Akagera National Park. 4.11.1 Existing District Land Use Balance Sheet The existing land use pattern in Nyagatare District was analyzed using the sectorial spatial data provided by relevant custodian institutions. The agriculture mapping and the forest inventory reports conducted in 2019 are the key studies, which informed the existing Land Use Balance Sheet of the DLUP regarding the land occupied by the two most important land uses. Other important data exploited and used are built-ups and buildings footprints generated using 2019-2020 digital globe high-resolution satellite image and the swamplands data gazette in 2017. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 136 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 117 Figure 39: Existing Land use 2021 Forestry and agriculture are the primary land consumers, each striving for maximum land. Agriculture (including livestock) accounts 1543.29 Km² making 57.19%. Forestry desires to add to already protected natural forests maximum conservation of the plantations, wooded savannah, shrub lands, and even high slopes above 55% for future forestry. All forest categories accumulates to 666.79 Km² (27.5%) in the Nyagatare District. As illustrated by the figures below, almost all zones mapped as wooded savannah and shrub lands by the Forests inventory Study, are currently used and have been proposed to continue to be used for agriculture and livestock development. The recommendation of the NLUDMP 2020-2050 is to increase land reserved for agriculture development by converting the wooded savannas and shrub lands which are not part of the protected zones. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 137 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 118 Figure 40: Agriculture and livestock lands mapped as wooded savannah, a category of forests. Settlements, especially residential areas come as the third land consumer. Currently cities, rural settlements, roads, and other built areas are for 83.44 Km² (4.34 %) of the district territory. 4.11.2 District Proposed Land Use Balance Sheet SN Land Use Existing Situation 2021 (in Km²) Land Allocation 2050 (in Km²) District Size 1925 100% 1 Settlements & Infrastructures 104.29 5.42 % 173.29 12.76% ● Urban settlements - 83.89 ● Rural settlements - 89.40 2 Agriculture 1543.29 57.19% 1,324.52 60.25% ● Agriculture (On hills) 767.96 670.41 ● Livestock 687.20 687.20 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 138 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 119 ● Unprotected Swamps (Cond. Agriculture)1 88.13 88.13 3 Forests and Conservation 666.79 27.5% 328.74 17.1% ● Forests 666.79 292.92 ● Parks & Open Space N/A 0.69 ● Afforestation (bare High Slopes >55%) N/A 39.25 4 Swamplands & Buffers 190.45 9.89 % 190.45 9.89% ● Swamplands 161.73 87.57 a- Protected Swamps 73.60 73.60 b- Unprotected Swamps (Cond. Agriculture) 88.13 88.13 ● Water bodies (Lakes & Rivers) 0.92 0.92 ● Buffers (20m, 50m & 10m) 13.83 13.83 Table 34: Land Allocation in Nyagatare DLUP 2021- 2035 Considering the size of Nyagatare District of 1925Km², including protected areas (water bodies and natural parks), the DLUP allocated land for each sector for 2050. As per available data illustrated in the Figure above, in Nyagatare District the dominant land use is agriculture which occupies 1324.52 Km², representing 60.25% of the total District land size, combining agriculture on hills which makes 1357.4Km² and the agriculture in swampland contributing to 88.13 Km². Forest is the second land use covering almost 328.7 Km², which equals to 17.1%. Settlement areas and infrastructures including Nyagatare Secondary City, 5 rurban centres and rural settlements occupy 171.5 Km² equaling to 12.76% of the entire District territory. This category also includes all public facilities planned. That is education and research, healthcare facilities, religious facilities, culture, heritage, memorial sites, cemetery and roads. All swamplands, lakes, dams, and their buffers occupy 190.45 Km² making 9.89% of District land area. Water and protected swamplands extend to 88.49 Km2 and their buffers (20m swamplands, 10m rivers) totaling 13.83. All the swamplands and buffers cover 5.32 of the district size. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 139 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 120 Map 19: Nyagatare District Proposed Uses & Zoning Plan 2023-2050 As indicated by the above map the land size planned for agriculture and livestock occupies the most part of land uses. However, it should be noted that this land of 13,655 hectares proposed for hillside agriculture is not currently totally available for farming. Some 1468 hectares making around 1% of the land planned for agriculture, are occupied by built areas especially rural scattered settlements or by traditional linear villages alongside the roads. Figure 41: Built areas that will be gained for agriculture after relocation of settlements. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 140 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 121 5 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK This section describes the implementation framework for Nyagatare DLUP; that aims to align the district and city's priorities in line with the country's directives and vision. It acknowledges the key challenges for implementation in the existing framework and the need for collaboration between various national and district authorities through focused and strategic developments. The Integrated implementation framework covers proposed institutional setup, priorities sectors to be considered and capital & catalytic improvement projects and some designed recommendations. 5.1 THE NEW HIERARCHY STRUCTURE OF PLANNING A revised planning framework has been proposed, delineating a mandatory hierarchy aimed at enhancing the efficacy of planning procedures. This hierarchical structure commences with Vision 2050, progresses through the NLUDMP, DLUP, and Detailed Physical Site Planning, culminating in the approval process for construction, development, inspection, and oversight. This new hierarchy of land use planning, outlined above, must be adhered to rigorously across all planning and implementation stages of land use master plans. It is intricately linked to Vision 2050, serving as the overarching vision guiding the nation's trajectory from a low-income to an upper-middle income status over a span of 30 years. Furthermore, this framework is closely synchronized with planning and budgeting processes aligned and integrated into the National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (NSTI), National Information and Communication Infrastructure Strategy (NIST), as well as the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) and annual budgeting and implementation. Additionally, the hierarchy seamlessly incorporates the National Master Plan for Spatial Planning, a pivotal national spatial planning tool designed to facilitate balanced, integrated, and efficient land use and development throughout the country in alignment with the objectives of Vision 2050. Moreover, sectoral development master plans and strategies, each with its spatial dimension and land allocation requirements, are recommended to be updated in accordance with NLUDMP guidelines. This ensures that all sector's activities are appropriately accounted for and integrated into the broader national spatial planning framework. The hierarchy also advocates for the simultaneous preparation of Sectoral Development Strategies at the national level, encompassing areas such as agriculture, land transportation, forestry and natural parks, water resources and swamplands (including buffer zones), energy, mining, human habitation (urban, rurban, and rural settlements), inland development, tourism, and conservation. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 141 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 122 These strategies are to be developed in parallel with the NLUDMP and fully aligned with its objectives. Alternatively, they may be synchronized with the preparation of DLUP. Typically, district-level strategies will offer more detailed insights to enrich the district's land use plans with data that are pertinent to local perspectives and preferences. Moreover, the hierarchy acknowledges the importance of establishing District Land Use Plan Clusters, which consist of urban and rural zoning plans. For urban and rurban development, a District Land Use Plan Cluster is essential to ensure comprehensive consideration of land use classifications, including residential, commercial, industrial, public facilities, administration, forest and open spaces, agriculture, swamplands, water bodies, transportation networks, and public utilities. Figure 42: The new hierarchy of land use planning in Rwanda 5.2 EXISTING LEGAL ENFORCEMENT AND FRAMEWORK The NLUDMP 2020-2050 Legal Framework report analyzed challenges faced since the adoption and implementation of the first version of the master plans. The existing policies, laws, orders and sectorial plans had been characterized by inconsistencies that led to difficulties in implementation associated with the issues in institutional coordination and lack of coordination legal tools in the land-use master-planning process, standalone planning and uncoordinated and regular reviews well as land use changes, based on sectorial goals and plans. The assessment and evaluation conducted on the old 2011 NLUDMP and District Land Use Planning and implementation highlighted the following: ● Lack of Zoning Plan and no legally binding Zoning guideline for the entire District. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 142 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 123 ● Master Plan with no mention of development control regulation. ● Poor Rural settlement sites policy implementation and lack of appropriate implementation strategy to monitor and evaluate the progress of the actual implementation most especially for the imidugudu sites. ● In the case of DDS, DLUP and LUDP, there was no integration of those different plans and no physical planning and guidance in terms of key development, project implementation. To cater for all the faced challenges, based on the new Land law of June 2021, the Ministry in charge of lands is the primary authority at National level responsible for policy development and supervision, the Authority in charge of Land Management and Use is responsible for the planning of the land use and development plans and monitoring, evaluation and auditing their implementation, whereas, the district council also will remain with power of initiating and adopting a detailed plan of plots and sites development for the implementation of national, City of Kigali and District land use master plans. Institution Key Responsibilities MINECOFIN ● Ensure coordination of activities of developing a land use and development master plan. ● Important role to play in implementation of projects within the district and city; and work closely for the financing of public projects and providing support between the local Government and donors for financing the development projects. MOE supervision of land use planning and management MININFRA ● Policy development and supervision of the following sectors, Transport, Energy, Water and Sanitation, Urban Planning and Housing Development MINAGRI MINAGRI and its Agency RAB: Development of Agriculture suitability studies and mapping and Rwanda Irrigation master Plan MINALOC Planning, development, and maintenance of transport infrastructure and services within local authorities. NLA Provision of operational guidelines for land readjustment implementation Overall coordination and facilitation of land readjustment projects Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 143 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 124 RHA RHA is in charge of housing development and related infrastructure, establishing living conditions, and attracting foreign investment in residential sectors WASAC Development of sectorial major physical infrastructure master plans of the Water and Sanitation sector. Water and sewage treatment corporation, is acquiring the water supply network geospatial data and built those into a system with overseas aid and its generated revenues. It has 20 branches in Kigali and throughout the country, and continuously updates the water supply network geospatial information. RTDA Development of sectorial major physical infrastructure master plan of the Transportation sector. RTDA undertakes construction, safety management, and maintenance management for national transportation facilities (road, railway, waterways, etc.) and related facilities infrastructure. REG Development of sectorial major physical infrastructure master plans of the Energy` REG is in charge of electricity supply to the people and each region. As the water supply, electricity is a vital policy of GoR. Thus, the electricity’s supply network administration and its planning and mapping are significantly important. LODA Implementation of projects within the district and city. and financing of public projects and providing support between the local Government and donors for financing the development projects Nyagatare District ● Implementation of minor infrastructure development such as planning of road construction, supervision and road maintenance are done by the Nyagatare District. Local roads are planned and implemented by the district depending on the available budget. ● Planning, supervision, inspection and maintenance of other minor utilities, infrastructure such as water and sanitation works, and street electrification and public lighting Table 35: Key Stakeholder Institutional framework for the Land Use and Development Plan implementation Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 144 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 125 5.3 PHASING PLAN Phasing of development is part of all land-use plans provisions and is elaborated based on the local context. The leading spatial principle in phasing is tiling, which simply prevents random and remote locations of development. The phasing plan for Nyagatare DLUP intends to provide flexibility to the implementer agents to prioritize development in a particular area of the entire urban areas and source adequate funding to finance the selected projects. It provides the Government, communities, and donors/financiers with rationale to prioritize infrastructure and associated urban services to incrementally develop in a phased manner. In consideration of Nyagatare DLUP, 4 phases were proposed (2020-2025, 2025-2030, 2030-2035 and 2035-2050), the DLUP planning horizon up to 2050 recognizes the three phases as recommended by the NLUDMP 2020-2050: Short term (2021-2025): Phase 1 of five year to match with the end of the 7 Year- Government program/NST1 Medium term (2025-2035) matching with proposed Phase 1 of Vision 2050 targets evaluation, which should be subdivided into two Phases of 5 years each corresponding with the Country strategic Plans revision: 2025-2030 (Phase 2) and 2030-2035 (Phase 3); Phase 4: Long term (2035-2050); end of Vision 2050 The DLUP phasing has been elaborated for Rukomo, Mimuri, Rwimiyaga, Karangazi and Matimba Rurban Centres and all planned development projects in the entire Nyagatare District. The phasing table indicated details on each project, tentative phase and stakeholders. Specifically, for rurban centers, the construction will be following the two phases set as follows: Phase 1 concerns areas with existing built-up and basic infrastructures distributed. Illustrated figures (Fig 65 & 66) indicate areas to be considered in phase 1 and 2, due to already settled and containing all basic infrastructures. The district will continue the issuance of building construction permits and rehabilitation permits in order to achieve required proposed density. These areas will be priority during additional district infrastructures development and relevant stakeholders’ investments. In Phase 2, the construction permits will be allowed after development of detailed physical plans and distribution of basic infrastructures like electricity, water, drainage network etc. In Phase 2 development was planned in urban expansion, urban peripherals, for the areas suitable for urban development, but the same basic infrastructures are not developed there, today still used as Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 145 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 126 agriculture or livestock zones. Issuance of new building construction permits are prohibited in phase2, except big investment cases, where Invertor is willing to comfortably distribute all basic infrastructures ( Roads, water, electricity..), without a government support. Figure 43: Nyagatare City and Rukomo Rurban Phasing Implementation Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 146 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 127 Figure 44: Phasing Implementation of Rwimiyaga, Matimba, Karangazi and Mimuli Rurbans The construction permits will be issued only in phase1, to avoid urban sprawl and to promote densification. Big projects/Investments are prohibited to have a construction permits in Phase II, however for big projects like schools, healthcare facilities, real estates, apartments, hotels, complex markets, etc, can be assessed by Nyagatare District One Stop Center for permission in phase II, in case investor can develop basic infrastructures himself. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 147 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 128 5.4 INCREMENTAL HOUSING IN NYAGATARE URBAN AREAS Incrementality and Flexibility: The principle of incrementality is adopted in these Zoning Regulations to allow communities, investors, and developers to develop according to their current financial capacities. The objective is to create a flexible environment where all developments happen in an organic manner, without creating financial overexposure and hence hindering the affordability of the development. At the same time, the incremental approach is designed in such a way that future addition to the development would help achieve the desired density for the specific zone in future years. Incremental development also allows developers to better adapt to current and future market conditions, thus reducing investment risk and facilitating access to the market to a larger segment of the population. Incremental development shall be an opportunity to limit ongoing informal development processes and ensure efficient provision of infrastructure and service delivery and rational land use. 5.5 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS & CATALYTIC PROJECTS Rwanda aspires to provide increased incomes, high-quality livelihoods, and modern living standards to all Rwanda’s citizens. Rwanda aspires to be a modern, innovative, equitable, accountable society with comprehensive utilities, clean water, easy mobility, and equal access to quality healthcare, education, and job opportunities for all its citizens. The implementation of Nyagatare DLUP is be aligned with the Government's ambitious integration of Nyagatare local population needs. The following projects shall be undertaken during the implementation of Nyagatare DLUP 5.5.1 Construction and upgrading land and Air transportation in Nyagatare District The Government of the Republic of Rwanda through the Ministry of Infrastructure intends to streamline the policies suitable for the governance of transport which is believed to be one of the key enablers of economic development, urbanization and human self-realization. Currently, land transport is dominated by road infrastructure, with only 5.3% paved while the railway line is still at the planning phase. Considering the proposed Spatial Structure and Settlements Hierarchy, Nyagatare DLUP brings to the table some reinforcements for transportation improvements contributing to Rwanda's Agro-processing Hub led by Granite. The construction of paved roads and upgrading existing road networks will be prioritized based on settlement structure, where a high population was recommended. The district and relevant stakeholders will ensure well connectivity of Nyagatare secondary city, 5 rurbans and 170 rural settlement sites in order to improve public mobility in Nyagatare District. The next step will be to consider feeder roads development that will Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 148 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 129 facilitate accessibility to the local market for farmers. The Air Transportation is a new system proposed in Nyagatare DLUP, in Karangazi Sector, where Gabiro Airbuse was expanded, will play a key factor in transportation of local products to external markets. 5.5.2 Construction and upgrading existing electrical lines transmissions Energy is central to Nyagatare’s economy and development plans. It supports all other sectors, including housing and urbanization, manufacturing, agro-processing, mining, tourism and IT services. As such, a well-functioning, efficient energy sector is a prerequisite of achieving the country’s national goal. Based on the existing situation, Nyagatare District is connected to Musha Gabiro-Rulindo High Voltage line (110 KV), Gabiro and Nyagatare substation. Some sectors connected with single phase that cannot be used in industrial or handicraft development. After field assessment and consultation with local leaders, come up with a recommendation of upgrading some existing electrical lines transmission and distributions. To accelerate agro processing and creativity development in Nyagatare District, a substation has been proposed in Nyagatare District Land Use Plan and will be linked with one planned in Nyagatare District, to avoid any disturbance during industrial processing. 5.5.3 Development of General and light industries in Nyagatare District The Manufacturing sector in Rwanda is still small but quite competitive and currently occupies 11 KM2 of industrial parks. The industries are primarily engaged in the production and processing of wood, tobacco, cement, textiles, agricultural products, small scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, tea, and coffee. Others include chemicals, construction, printing, paper, engineering, and methane gas. Thus, the economy is heavily dependent on the primary sector, with industry strongly tied to the processing of primary products. To be secure in agro processing development, handcraft innovative, jobs creativities, general industries and light industries will be developed in Nyagatare Secondary city, whereas only handcraft will be developed in Rwimiyaga, Matimba, Karangazi, Rukomo and Mimuri Rurbans. 5.5.4 Agriculture and livestock modernization The overarching objective for this pillar is to attain an agricultural transformation that is equally led by both women and men, professional farmers and commercialized value chains. Agriculture plays a significant role in Rwanda's national planning. One of the pillars of Rwanda's VISION 2050 is Agriculture nearly 15 times more productive than today, high value, and market driven. Nyagatare District need to raise productivity to provide food and income to the growing population, to shift from subsistence farming towards commercial farming within an industry services based economy, Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 149 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 130 The small farms and the need for farmland consolidation, identifying the nutrient content of the major crops and livestock products that are produced, development urban agriculture, implementation of large irrigation schemes projects, drainage projects, the existing agricultural land should be protected against scattered housing and agricultural education research. 5.5.5 Construction water distribution lines Rwanda has committed itself to reaching very ambitious targets in water supply and sanitation, with the vision to attain 100% service coverage. The importance of adequate water supply and sanitation services as drivers for social and economic development, poverty reduction and public health is fully acknowledged in Rwanda’s flagship policy documents and political goals. The development of Nyagatare will be compatible with Rwandan vision, with upgrading existing water pipe lines and establishing new pipelines to assume that water is distributed in 6 planned urban areas and 170 rural settlement sites. 5.5.6 Development of housing sector and unplanned settlement upgrading By 2050, Rwanda will have a formal housing sector sufficiently available and accessible to all segments of the population, both in urban and rural zones. 5.5.7 Muvumba Multipurpose Dam Irrigation Project As mentioned above in the agriculture part, the objective of the program is to improve water, energy, food and nutrition security by harnessing water resources for irrigation, domestic, livestock use and hydropower generation, while ensuring sustainability of the resources and building resilience against climate change and variability. The initiative is in line with the country’s development agenda planned for in the vision 2050 and the first phase of the national strategy for transformation (NST 1). The proposed operation supports a standalone Multipurpose Water Resources Development program and is aligned to the Government of the Republic of Rwanda (GoR)’s development agenda and envisaged economic transformation as outlined in Vision 2050 and the NST-1. The first set of activities under the program are the construction of the dam including installation of the hydropower plant and preparatory studies for downstream investments for irrigation and livestock use. The proposed dam is located on the river Muvumba on the junction of Bushara, Cyenkwanzi Rwebare Cells and the hillside irrigation will be developed in Tabagwe, Gatunda, Karama, Rukomo, Nyagatare, Rwempasha, Musheri and Rwimiyaga sectors. The program will improve natural resources and environmental management and empower people in the district through land Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 150 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 131 management and capacity development on alternative livelihood. It is expected to be implemented over 70 months starting in January 2021. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 151 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 132 SN PROJECT NAME PHASE STAKEHOLDERS 1 Gabiro Agro Business Hub 1 PSF, NAEB, RAB, MINAGRI, DISTRICT, NLA 2 Construction Modern market in 5 rurban centres 2 DISTRICT, MINICOM 3 Construction car parkings in 5 rurban centres 2 DISTRICT, PSF 4 Implementation Railway Northern Corridor Regional RTDA, MININFRA 5 Tourism Development at Akagera National Park 1, 2, 3 RDB, DISTRICT 6 Liberation tourism heritage sites in Nyagatre District 1 RDB, MINADEF 7 Extension of Gabiro Airbus 1, 2 MINADEF 8 Airspace network Station 1 MINADEF 9 Construction of waste Treatment Plant in Nyagatare City 1 DISTRICT 10 Upgrading existing Landfill 1 DISTRICT 11 Construction of electrical substation for Nyagatare 1 NLA, REG, EDCL, EUCL, DISTRICT 12 Conducting Storm water management Plan 1, 2 DISTRICT, RWB 13 Construction IDP Model Villages in all sectors 1, 2 NLA, RHA, MINADEF, DISTRICT, 14 Construction of the road section Matima Musheri-Rwempasha-Nyagatare 1, 2 RTDA, DISTRICT 15 Construction of asphalt road section Nyagatre City-Rukomo Rurban Centre 1 RTDA, DISTRICT 16 Construction of Handcraft in 5 Rurbans 1, 2 DISTRICT 17 Upgrading Electrical Lines Transmission 1, 2 REG, EDCL, EUCL, DISTRICT 18 Development of detail physical Plans in urban and rural areas 1,2 NLA, RHA, DISTRICT 19 Construction of Muvumba Multipurpose dam and increasing hillside irrigation schemes 1, 2 MoE, RWB, MINAGRI, RAB, WASAC, EDCL, REG, Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 152 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 133 20 Increasing Forest cover on bare high slopes > 55% and in Livestock zones 1, 2 MoE, RFA, DISTRICT, 21 Construction and effective operationalization of health ports in settlement sites and HC in rurban centres 1, 2 DISTRICT, MoH, PARTNERS 22 Construction of schools increasing accessibility to rural settlements All Phases MINEDUC, DISTRICT, PSF Table 36: The Nyagatare potential planned project are summarized below: 5.6 LAND READJUSTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF DETAILED PHYSICAL PLANS Land readjustment of existing plots is recommended during implementation of Nyagatare District Land Use Plan to assure rational development. Where the plots are of different quality or value, area or value adjustments are made. The underlying principle is that every owner must be compensated for their land with the land of equivalent value. The readjustment of the land transforms the irregularly shaped plots into regular and standard shape land with access to infrastructures such as roads, electricity, water, schools, hospitals and other services, which contributes to the value of the land in any specific area. Statutory phasing in each land-use plan will be compulsory. The leading idea in phasing is Tiling, which prevents random or remote locations of development. Each new phase must attach the previous stage geometrically. The communities who are the landowners must be willing to participate in all phases from beginning to end including elaboration of site physical plans, data collection and all mapping and site demarcations exercises until the assignment is completed and approved, being provided by in-depth advice of planners and appraisal experts. A land readjustment map and appraisal documents must be approved together with the concerned detailed local plan as one unit. Alternatively, simplified voluntary land exchange processes shall be introduced. A readjustment is an essential tool for land consolidation and orderly development. The Nyagatare District communities should have ownership in all phases and must contribute as well as ensuring compliance during development. Any conflicts and disputes that may occur in the process should be resolved between landowners, the site committee established, local Village Chiefs and Cell Leaders. There must be established guidelines for local physical plan development procedures and implementation, roles and responsibilities for local communities, the site committee, local authorities and the consultants or experts developing the neighborhood planning site. Therefore, community approach is part of Nyagatare District Land Use Plan for its successful implementation. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 153 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 134 5.7 OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF DLUP 1. The proposed land use zones should be approved by the district council for guiding all land development in Nyagatare 2. Implementation strategy of the proposed land use zones should be done in different phases to avoid urban sprawl. 3. All land administration services, the transactions must be based on proposed zoning. 4. Construction permits will be aligned with phasing plans. 5. Land taxation databases should be based on detailed physical plans for areas where infrastructures have been developed. 6. Mobilization of urban population for changing land titles based on proposed zonings. 7. Working with FONERWA, REMA, RDB, PSF, for the development of proposed eco tourism sites. 8. Working with MINAGRI, RAB, PSF for developing agriculture, including swamplands. 9. Proposed zonings for agriculture and forest must be fully protected. 10. Public infrastructures including electricity, water, health facility, education facility will be distributed only in urban, rurban areas and selected rural settlement sites. 11. Nyagatare District is recommended to work hand in hand with private Sectors to invest in District infrastructures 12. District is recommended to provide land committees at Cell level for Master plan implementation and mobilization. 13. Working with RFA, REMA to increase forest cover in Nyagatare District 14. District is recommended to avail budget for physical plan elaboration. 15. RHA is recommended to provide housing typology and models to be implemented in rural settlement sites and in rurban sites 5.8 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING Every 5 years the existing situation should be updated and the DLUP revised to assure implementation. The proposed compliance between the different planning levels is a must to avoid any mistakes made in the many plans, policies and projects before caused by lack of compliance. The purpose of this part is to set up administrative and planning tools, in which planning instructions transfer from level to level. A Continuous Compliant Planning principle was adopted to ensure the fulfillment of the chain of planning. Before completion and approval of this plan, no construction permits will be issued until further approval by the district Council. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 154 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 135 Under this principle of CCP, the following measures and procedures are essential in order to achieve the desired compliance in planning process. ● Providing a non-objection to any land use plan and project by National Land Authority in charge of Land Use Management through the strong back up coordination force from MINECOFIN will be instrumental in resolving coordination and compliance issues. ● NLUDMP 2020-2050 dominance, ensuring that the projects and activities of all Ministries & Authorities comply with this plan. The national development planning and budgeting process (MINECOFIN) should ensure that sector priorities and investments comply with the NLUDMP 2020-2050. In other words, there must be a balance between economic planning and spatial planning. ● Delineate and enforce settlement boundaries. It is recommended that new boundaries will gain legal status only to supply developing needs for a period of 15 years (20202035). All master plans shall show implementation phases for midterm (2035) without overpassing this boundary. The areas of the development phases will be adjacent to each other to create a paving system for the efficient use of lands. The long-term boundary for 2050 will be protected for the next 15 year. ● Consolidation principles in land use planning will be directed towards and applied to all levels and all sectors of land-use planning. ● Regular updating of spatial data and basemaps through large-scale mapping will greatly support the development of master plans and monitoring of land use. ● To improve the adequate performance of Building Permitting Management Information system (BPMIS) and its dissemination in all districts to serve the urban and rural construction and development permitting countrywide. ● Strong community outreach program and mindset change on land use planning in Rwanda will be organized continuously in Nyagatare District for community public awareness and ownership. 5.9 ZONING PLAN AND REGULATIONS 5.9.1 Objective of the Zoning Plan and Regulations The objective of the Zoning Regulations is to provide a clear mechanism for the implementation of the district land use plans and to direct public and private sector development to follow a clear set of development objectives, definitions, regulations, and guidelines that reflect the vision and Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 155 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 136 concept proposed in the Master Plans. The objectives, definitions and regulations ensure that development is carried out to achieve a logical, attractive, and livable development pattern in the Cities, safeguard privacy and amenities, and provide opportunities for growth, with enough flexibility to respond to changing business needs and development trends. The regulations place an emphasis on encouraging mixed-use mixed-income development for integrated, well connected, inclusive, and equitable development that are sustainable and are designed to achieve a quality living environment. 5.9.2 Purpose of the Zoning Regulations The purpose of this Regulations is to explain the proposed Zoning Plan and Development Control Regulations which will encourage and guide Public Institutions, Private Sector, National and International Organizations and Citizens in the implementation of the Nyagatare District Land Use Plan Cluster and in the harmonic and balanced development of Kigali. 5.9.3 Zoning Map & Interpretation The Zoning Regulations presents the various zones proposed for the district of Nyagatare and maps out the boundaries of these zones within the entire District area. 5.9.4 Zoning Plan Zoning regulates the types of uses, the development intensity, the required density, the setting, and height of buildings on any plot. As such, it serves as an effective planning tool to guide development in a logical and orderly fashion. The Zoning Plan is meant to provide landowners, developers, and stakeholders with a clear picture of what can and cannot be developed on any parcel of land. The Zoning Plan is made up of a Zoning Map and a set of Zoning Regulations. The Zoning Map identifies specific zones within the planning area based on the predominant land use, and the desired intensity, building height and density for that area. The Zoning Regulations stipulate the permitted, conditional, and prohibited uses, location of a building on any plot, the overall maximum intensity, as well as the building height. Specific regulations related to overall building form, landscaping, development strategy and signage are also stipulated in the Zoning Regulations. Zoning Regulations stipulate allowable development for a zone, but flexibility in development is ensured by allowing incentives such as additional GFA, promoting inclusionary zoning, incremental / phased development. The Zoning Regulations tabulate the uses into three categories: Permitted, Conditional and Prohibited uses. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 156 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 137 Permitted Use: Uses that comply with the intended use for the zoning code and can be permitted outright. However, the development shall comply, when relevant, with other context specific additional regulatory restrictions such as Urban Design Guidelines, Overlays, Heritage, and Conservation guidelines. Conditional Use: Conditional uses are usually activities that may create significant traffic, noise, or other impacts on the surrounding neighbourhood. Such identified uses can be permitted “conditionally” within a zone following the assessment of CoK and Districts’ One Stop Centre’s approval. OSC may require the development to conform to a set of conditions and standards as per the regulations which must be met always. Each zone can allow different but compatible developments that are complementary in terms of use and scale. For example, a small-scale commercial development could be allowed in residential areas to provide convenience for residents to meet their daily shopping needs. Similarly, Civic facilities like schools, day care centres, religious facilities could be allowed in a residential zone, provided the facility meets the parking, noise standards etc. Such conditional uses could be permitted after careful consideration and evaluation by the One Stop Centre of CoK and Districts and may be subject to certain conditions as deemed necessary by the review committee, to ensure that the overall planning intention for any specific is not compromised. Prohibited Use: These are uses that are deemed prohibited and include activities that have been found to be incompatible with the zone. For example, Heavy Industrial Uses are prohibited within the residential zones. Overlay Zones: Within these Zoning Regulations, overlay zones provide more discretion and flexibility by allowing the City to protect certain areas as well as encourage or discourage certain types of development. Overlay Zones are mapped zones superimposed over the established zoning and can be used to impose supplement restrictions, permit, or disallow various forms of density as well as provide bonuses and incentives to achieve the desired planning intent for that area. The parcels within the overlay zone will be thus subject to the regulations of the underlying zoning as well as the overlay zoning requirements. An overlay zone can cover more than one zone and even portions of several underlying zoning. The Steep Slope Overlay Zone, Urban Design Overlay, Heritage and Conservation Overlay are examples of Overlay Zones. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 157 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 138 5.9.5 Nyagatare DLUP Zoning Map The Zoning Map indicates the specific boundaries of the various zones proposed for the DLUP Cluster of Nyagatare. These boundaries are defined and demarcated based on the following principles: ● To ensure higher degree of densification, and mix of uses in the City, rurban, rural settlements. ● To ensure a Transport-Oriented Development. ● To ensure harmonization and that there are no conflicting uses for land uses neighbouring zones. ● To ensure environmental and natural resources protection 5.9.6 Identification of Zoning Categories for Nyagatare DLUP The following are the various zoning categories and sub-categories proposed for Nyagatare District: ● Residential Low Density Residential Zone (R1) Low density Residential Densification zone (R1A) Rural Residential Zone (R1B) Medium Density Residential - Improvement zone (R2) Medium Density Residential - Expansion zone (R3) ● Commercial Mixed Use zone (C1) City Commercial zone (C3) ● Industrial Light Industrial Zone (I1) General Industrial Zone (I2) Mining and Quarrying Zone (I3) ● Public Facilities Education and Research Facilities Zone (PF1) Health Facilities Zone (PF2) Religious Facilities Zone (PF3) Cultural, Heritage, Memorial Sites Zone (PF4) Cemetery/ Crematoria Facilities Zone (PF5) ● Public Administrative Zone (PA) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 158 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 139 ● Open Spaces, Ecotourism zone (OS) ● Forest Zone (F) Forest Plantation zone (F1) National Parks Zone (F2) Afforestation zone (Steep slopes > 55%) ● Agriculture Zone (A) Agriculture zone (A1) Livestock zone (A2) ● Swampland Zone (W) Swampland-Unprotected zone (W1B) ● Waterbody Zone (WB) ● Transportation Zone (T) Road reserve (T1) Railway and stations (T4) ● Buffer Zone Swampland buffer zone (B1) Water body buffer zone (B2) National park buffer zone (B3) Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 159 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 140 S/N Harmonized generic Land Use Classification Harmonized land use details Description Land Use Code KIGALI CITY AND DISTRICT ZONING PLAN Zoning Color 1 Residential High density R 255,194,0 R4 High density residential zone 255, 90,37 Medium density R3 Medium density residential - Expansion zone 255,127, 0 R2 Medium density residential - Improvement zone 255,187,54 Low density R1 Low density residential zone 255,236,24 R1A Low density residential densification zone 255,255,127 R1B Rural residential zone 255,235,176 2 Commercial Regional C 255,0,0 C4 Regional commercial zone (O-C4) 102,0,13 City C3 City commercial zone 150,2,2 General C1 Mixed use commercial zone 204,51,102 3 Industrial Logistics, light industry , Warehouse, Business Park I 255,0,197 I1 Light industrial zone 194,122,192 General Industry I2 General industrial zone 156,122,188 Mining, Quarry I3 Mining, Extraction, Quarry 148,82,165 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 160 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 141 4 Public Facility Education and Research facilities PF 0,63,255 PF1 Education and research facilities 0,63,255 Health facilities PF2 Health facilities 0,63,256 Religious facilities PF3 Religious facilities 0,63,255 Cultural, memorial sites PF4 Cultural, Heritage, Memorial sites 0,63,255 Sport and leisure facilities, sport compounds and centres, Sport fiels and playgrounds PF5 Sport, Leisure facilities 0,63,255 Cemetery, Crematoria PF6 Cemetery, Crematoria 0,63,255 5 Public Administration Government offices, Police, Correctional and rehabilitation facilities, Defence PA 0,255,255 PA Public Administration zone 0,255,255 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 161 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 142 and security, Courts, Other 6 Forest Natural forest, Forest Conservation areas, Forest Plantations, Afforestation, Forest Reserves, Steep slope > 55% F 13,73,37 F1 Forest plantation zone 13,73,37 F2 National parks zone 13,73,37 F3 National park expansion zone 13,73,37 F4 Natural forest zone 13,73,37 F5 Afforestation zone 13,73,37 7 Open Space Recreational Parks and open spaces, pockets parks, Green spaces OS 153,205,0 OS Open space, Ecotourism zone 153,205,0 8 Agriculture Crop farming, Agro-forestry A 110,129,48 A1 Agriculture zone 110,129,48 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 162 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 143 Animal husbandry, Livestock rearing, Pisciculture, Bee farming, Aqua culture A2 Livestock zone 110,129,48 9 Swampland Swamplands, Swamps W 198,224,180 W1A Swampland - Protected zone 198,224,180 W1B Swampland - Unprotected zone 198,224,180 W2 Swampland - Rehabilitation zone 198,224,180 W3 Swampland - Sustainable exploitation zone 198,224,180 W4 Swampland - Conservation zone 198,224,180 W5 Swampland - Recreational zone 198,224,180 10 Water Body Lake, River, Stream, Other waterbody WB 5,130,255 (150) WB Waterbody zone 5,130,255 (150) 11 Transportation Road Reserve and Transport (Airports, Airstrips, Bus T 178,178,178 T1 Road reserve 178,178,178 T2 Bus terminals and stations 178,178,178 T3 Airports, Ports and connected facilities 178,178,178 T4 Railway and stations 178,178,178 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 163 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 144 terminal and depots, Ports, Roads and interchange, Railways and station etc, Other Transportation facilities (moto taxi park, charging stations, etc) 12 Public Utility Power Plants & Stations, Treatment Plants, Sewerage Treatment Plants, Waste & Sanitation Sites and transfer stations, Fire & Emergency U 127,95,63 U Utility zone 127,95,63 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 164 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 145 stations, ICT infrastructure 13 Buffer Swampland,Swa mp Buffer B 125,255,75 B1 Swampland buffer zone 125,255,75 Lakes, River, Stream and other waterbodies B2 Water body buffer zone 125,255,75 National Park buffer B3 National park buffer zone 125,255,75 Other buffer B4 Other buffer zone 125,255,75 Overlays Internal Remarks Color and representation Urban area extension zone UE 255,80,80 UE 255,80,80 Rural Settlement site RS 255,102,0 RS 255,102,0 O-C2 - Neighbourhood Level Mixed Use Commercial To update - O-C2 overlay 30m wide Diagonal hatch 254,36,0 Public Facility Show PF overlay at neighbourhood and at precinct with facilities listed in each catchment Circles - dash dash line 0,63,255 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 165 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 146 area; facility standard to be in zoning report Land Assembly Parcels with no access ( show developable parcels) Land Sub division Overlay in Zoning plan, part of MP - part of implementation plan Boundary - Dark maroon- dash dot line 122,0,0 Slope (30-55) With conditional uses listed - the uses include Open Spaces, R1, resorts and agriculture Peach diagonal hatch Tourism promotion zone Incentives to promote night life, higher FSI (FAR), TDR, lower development charges etc. Dark maroon diagonal hatch 122,0,0 Urban Design Recommendations for Urban Development Boundary 255,0,255 Heritage conservation and promotion Neighbourbood with specific features - trees, specific site, school facility as tourism, City to help identify these features Ochre diagonal hatch 255,102,0 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 166 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 147 Mining concession Case by case site evaluation for release of land for mining Purple diagonal hatch 153,0,204 Utility buffer zone Power lines Buffer (HV 25m, MV line - 12m) , Land fill, sewarage buffers, etc Dark Grey diagonal hatch 89,89,89 Table 37: Land Use and Zoning Classification Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 167 Nyagatare District Land Use Plan 2023-2050 148 6 REFERENCE 1. Rwanda’s Vision 2050 2. National Land Use and Development Master Plan 2020-2050 3. National Strategy for Transformation - NST1 4. Nyagatare Secondary City Master Plan 5. EICV 4&5. 6. Rwanda Revised Irrigation Master Plan 7. Nyagatare District Development Strategy (DDS) 2018-2024. 8. Nyagatare District Land Use Plan (DLUP) 2013-2018. 9. Rwanda National Land Use Planning guidelines 2017. 10. Rwanda National Base Map 2020. 11. Rwanda Conceptual tourism Master Plan. 12. Law No 42/2015 of 29/08/2015 approval modification of road network in urban boundaries. 13. Rwanda forest cover, GIS Dataset. 14. Industrial sectoral master plan 15. Law n°48/2018 of 13/08/2018 on environment. 16. Law n°27/2021 of 10/06/2021 governing land in Rwanda 17. Law n° 55/2011 of 14/12/2011 governing roads in Rwanda as amended. 18. Presidential Order n° 038/01 of 20/05/2022 establishing the national land use and development master plan. 19. Rwanda green building minimum compliance system, Official Gazette no. Special of 16/04/2019 Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 168 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Minisitiri no 003/24/10/TC ryo ku wa 22/08/2024 rishyiraho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka cy’Akarere ka Nyagatare. Seen to be annexed to Ministerial Order no 003/24/10/TC of 22/08/2024 establishing land use and development master plan of Nyagatare District. Vu pour être annexé à l’Arrêté Ministériel no 003/24/10/TC du 22/08/2024 établissant le schéma directeur d’utilisation et d’aménagement des terres du District de Nyagatare. Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 169 Kigali, 22/08/2024 (sé) MURANGWA Yusuf Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Minister of Finance and Economic Planning Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 25/09/2024 170