Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016-2030

9.1 Policy Objective 7 15 10 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK 16 11 ANNEXES 17 ANNEX 1 Implementation Plans 17 ANNEX 2 Environment Laws in Vanuatu 45 ANNEX 3 Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA) Ratified, Acceded, Approved or Accepted by the Republic of Vanuatu 47 ANNEX 4 Acronyms 49 Foreword Under the Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu, policy platform for long term planning and action to respond consideration of the environment is a national priority – to priority environmental issues being addressed by the every person has a duty to protect the Republic of Vanuatu Government and its partners. In formulating this policy, the and to safeguard the national wealth, resources and Government focussed on the sustainable management of environment in the interests of the present generation and its environmental assets and the protection of its people. of future generations. The NEPIP is also part of a wider policy framework and The environment is an essential pillar of economic addresses those matters included in the environment and social development. Consequently, environmental pillar of the National Sustainable Development Plan. It sustainability is a key part of economic development and is also an indication by the Government in keeping with planning and is important for improving human health and its commitments on the SAMOA Pathway, Sustainable the quality of life. Development Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. The Government of the Republic of Vanuatu (the Government) envisions a country in which all persons are The Government acknowledges the technical and committed to ensuring the conservation and sustainable financial support of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional management of our biodiversity and ecosystems and to Environment Programme, the Pacific Community, GIZ, utilising and sustainably managing our land, water and the United Nations Environment Programme/Multilateral natural resources. Environmental Agreements Project; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and all partners. The Government therefore accepts the responsibility to adopt policies and measures with a view to safeguard the environment in line with the Vanuatu Constitution. The Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 (NEPIP) is an illustration of the Government’s commitment to environmental Hon. Ham Lini Vanuaroroa (MP) sustainability and meets the requirements of a national Minister for Climate Change Adaptation, Meteorology policy and plan set out in the Environmental Protection and Geo-Hazards, Environment, Energy and Disaster and Conservation Act [CAP 283]. The NEPIP sets a solid Management Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 1 Acknowledgements The development of the Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 (NEPIP) was accomplished through the contributions of many people. The input from agencies within the government and non- government organisations was tremendous and contributed positively towards the development of the NEPIP. The support and guidance provided by the staff of the Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation through the process of developing the NEPIP is recognised and appreciated. A special acknowledgement goes to the technical assistance provided by the Environmental Monitoring and Governance Division of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Pacific Community and GIZ. The Government of the Republic of Vanuatu would also like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the sub-regional office of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Samoa and the UNEP/Multilateral Environment Agreements Project in funding the NEPIP development meetings and consultation process. 0i't,~~~~f ~ ~ Environment Programme - An!nlttatfWofl'.MAfr1rnn,ca,·!11Mm1andPacJf!cGroupaf 5tate"[undedl>,,theE:!ll'OJ)ftll1Utlfon /\CP ME/\s 2 .. g1z Pacific Deutsche Gesellschaft Community Food and Agriculture 1 /.Australian !Ur lnternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Communaute Organization of the vDfu.+1-tz'ltS du Pacifique United Nations FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 2 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Executive Summary The Vanuatu National Environment Policy and commit the government to taking necessary measures Implementation Plan 2016–2030 (NEPIP) is an overarching to protect and preserve biodiversity. Since the NEPIP policy for the sustainable conservation, development and has direct links with the NSDP, it is also linked to the management of the environment of Vanuatu. It is the first of Sustainable Development Goals. its kind since Vanuatu gained independence in 1980. The The development of this policy was based on a series of NEPIP aims to: 1) provide for the co-ordination of related consultations held in various parts of the country, especially activities; 2) promote the environmentally sound and safe at provincial headquarters. The consultation targeted management and conservation of the natural resources line government agencies, provincial governments, and environment of Vanuatu; and 3) outline the operational communities, donors, non-government organisations and matters necessary to implement 1) and 2) above. the private sector. There are several challenges and opportunities to be I would like to express my thanks to all people who have addressed. The NEPIP provides the opportunity for change. contributed to the preparation of this policy throughout the This policy will be implemented in pursuit of the National extensive consultation process. In particular, I express Sustainable Development Plan (NSDP), which is an my profound gratitude for the technical and financial overarching government policy document. The environment support of SPREP, GIZ, the United Nations Environment is one of the three pillars under the NSDP. The NEPIP links Programme/Multilateral Environmental Agreements the NSDP and the various sectors under the environment Project; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the pillar. United Nations and all partners. To the stakeholders Apart from other key national policies, this policy is including line government agencies, provincial cognisant of the various sector policies under the governments, the private sector, and the donor partners, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries I urge you to implement the recommendations contained and Biosecurity and the Ministry of Tourism, Commerce, herein for the sustainable conservation, development Industry and Ni-Vanuatu Business. The policy aims and management of the environment and the natural to strengthen the national coordination of the rapidly resources of the Republic of Vanuatu. expanding work and responsibilities of the Government of Vanuatu and other stakeholders for coping with the increasing scale and complexity of environmental needs and requirements. At a sub- regional and regional level, it Jesse Benjamin takes into account regional policies under the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Director General and the Pacific Community (SPC), but most importantly Ministry of Climate Change Adaptation, Meteorology the SAMOA Pathway. At an international level, Vanuatu and Geo-Hazards, Environment, Energy and Disaster is a signatory to several agreements and protocols which Management Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 3 I1 INTRODUCTION - Photo: Kate McPherson Photo: Kate McPherson Environment and Development

1.1 — Vanuatu’s islands have a high degree of biological diversity

1.1 Vanuatu’s islands have a high degree of biological diversity and endemism and are recognised as a biodiversity Context hotspot.9 However, the high level of reliance on natural resources for livelihoods and food security is now being Vanuatu is comprised of more than 80 islands with a combined with a rapidly growing population in both urban total land area of 12,200km.1 The current population is and rural areas. This places additional pressures on the estimated at 271,000, approximately 75% of which live in environment, particularly in relation to waste disposal, and rural villages.2 Vanuatu is listed by the United Nations (UN) is resulting in a decline in the biodiversity within Vanuatu.10 as a Least Developed Country and is ranked first on the World Risk Index.3 The key challenges facing Vanuatu in the context of environmental management and development planning Though small, the islands hold exceptional cultural and include rapid population growth and local population linguistic diversity. For example, Vanuatu has 108 living pressures; land tenure; water pollution, waste disposal languages: more per unit area than any other country;4 and and urbanisation; a lack of awareness and understanding over 80% of the population speak three or four languages.5 about environmental problems; depletion of key species Traditional knowledge also remains highly valued and such as coconut crabs and mangroves; inappropriate land Vanuatu’s diverse local governance systems include use practices that may result in erosion and degraded traditional chiefs as leaders at the village level, along with soils, contributing to impacts on coral reefs and other village, area and island councils. ocean resources; invasive species; loss of forests and In terms of the economy, the 2014 domestic economy biodiversity; and the over-exploitation of natural resources reflected a real growth of 2.3%, indicative of the positive and climate change.11 trends recorded since 2012.6 The service sector continues to be the dominant sector of the economy, contributing to 65% of the total Gross Domestic Product in 2014.7 The relatively small industrial sector continues to expand, as does the agriculture sector. Agriculture continues to expand mainly through the consistent improvement in value-added products. However, over half of agriculture production -1.2Rationale for the National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan is informal activity driven by 75 per cent of the rural The purpose of the Vanuatu National Environment Policy population.8 These informal agricultural activities, such as and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 (NEPIP) is to: food production on small family plots and artisanal fishing, 1. Provide for the co-ordination of related activities; form a vital part of Vanuatu’s food security and can be linked to the high degree of biological diversity across the islands. 2. Promote the environmentally sound and safe management and conservation of the natural resources and environment of Vanuatu; and 1 Vanuatu National Statistics Office, 2014 Statistical Pocket Book. 2 Vanuatu National Statistics Office, 2014 Statistical Pocket Book. 3 Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft and the United Nations University; Institute for the 9 Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Ecosystem Profile: East Melanesian Islands Environment and Human Security, World Risk Report 2015. Biodiversity Hotspot, 2012. 4 Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Ecosystem Profile: East Melanesian Islands 10 Vanuatu National Assessment Report 2010: 5 Year Review of the Mauritius Strategy Biodiversity Hotspot, 2012. for Further Implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for Sustainable 5 Vanuatu National Statistics Office, Pacific Living Standards Survey 2013. Development. 6 Vanuatu National Statistics Office, National Accounts of Vanuatu 2014 Annual Report. 11 Vanuatu National Assessment Report 2010: 5 Year Review of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for Sustainable 7 Vanuatu National Statistics Office, National Accounts of Vanuatu 2014 Annual Report. Development; and Robert Thistlethwait and Gregory Votaw, 1992, Environment and 8 Vanuatu National Statistics Office, National Accounts of Vanuatu 2014 Annual Report. Development: A Pacific Island Perspective. Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 5 3. Outline the operational matters necessary to implement the above. The NEPIP is a framework that links existing environment- related policies and provides a roadmap for Vanuatu’s long-term environmental actions. In doing so, the NEPIP -

1.3 — Formulating the National

1.3 Formulating the National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan The NEPIP development process started in 2013 with examines the core businesses of the Department of the preparation of a draft National Environment Policy Environmental Protection and Conservation (DEPC) under (NEP). From April to July 2013, national and provincial Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs); legislation; consultations were held on the draft NEP. These corporate planning instruments such as the Corporate Plan consultations helped to identify the national priority areas 2016–2018 and Strategic Plan 2014–2024; and existing that affect environmental protection and management in policies and programmes such as the National Biodiversity Vanuatu. Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), the National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2020 (NISSAP) In 2013, the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional and the National Waste Management Strategy and Action Environment Programme (SPREP) approached the DEPC Plans (NWMS). regarding the development of a National Environment Management Strategy (NEMS). Consultation workshops This work is linked to international and regional strategies, on the draft NEMS occurred with government and non- and the policies and work of other sectors and government government stakeholders in June and September 2014. agencies such as climate change, energy, forestry, fisheries, geology and mines, tourism and education. In 2015, at the request of the DEPC, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and The NEPIP is a strategic guide for both the DEPC and the the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ACP/ Government of the Republic of Vanuatu (the Government). MEA project provided financial support – and SPREP It will improve the existing governance, coordination and provided financial and technical assistance – to convene service delivery mechanisms by defining the national a national validation workshop on the progression of focus and priorities for Vanuatu’s future environmental the draft NEP and draft NEMS. The agreed outcome of action and helping to address commitments in the SAMOA the workshop was to integrate the two documents and Pathway, Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and the update them to reflect the goals and policy objectives of Sustainable Development Goals. the National Sustainable Development Plan (NSDP). The NEPIP is the result of this integration. 6 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 I2 GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND BASIC PRINCIPLES -2.1 Introduction Under the Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu, consideration of the environment is a national priority – every person has a duty to protect Vanuatu and to -2.2 Policy Goals The policy goals of the NEPIP are key aspirational statements that will lead Vanuatu towards environmentally sustainable development at the national, provincial and safeguard the national wealth, resources and environment local levels. in the interests of the present and future generations.12 The table below lists the thematic policy goals. These goals While the Constitution provides for safeguarding the form the basis of the policy objectives for implementation environment at the highest level, Vanuatu’s early from 2016 to 2030 and are directly linked to the goals of development policies prioritised economic growth and the NSDP. social development needs. As a result, the Government’s ability to address environmental issues was limited and Key goals Relevant section of fragmented. the NEPIP The Vanuatu National Conservation Strategy of 1993 was the first integrated environmental planning framework A nation committed to Conservation of biological, and guiding document for environmental action. Since ensuring the conservation ecosystem, genetic, human and then, policy and strategic planning work has expanded and sustainable management cultural diversity of our biodiversity and to address environmental issues under key components ecosystems including climate, biodiversity, land resources, water, coastal and marine, and waste and pollution. National, A nation which utilises and Sustainable resource provincial and municipal administration for the protection sustainably manages our land, management and sustainable use of the environment and natural water and natural resources resources have also grown . An economy which fosters Sustainable growth and In 2002, the Government passed the Environmental sustainable growth and development Management and Conservation Act No. 12 of 2002, development through low Waste management and now the Environmental Protection and Conservation Act impact industries and modern pollution control [CAP 283] (the EPC Act). Today, the EPC Act is a key technologies to ensure Environmental governance and the well-being of future part of a suite of laws that provide for various aspects of capacity development generations environmental management, protection and conservation (see Annex 2). A strong and resilient nation in Climate change the face of climate change and The EPC Act resulted in the establishment of the DEPC. disaster risks posed by natural While the DEPC was originally established as the and man-made hazards Environment Unit in 1986, it was upgraded to a department within the Ministry of Lands in 2010 and is now a part of A dynamic public sector with Environmental governance and the Ministry of Climate Change Adaptation, Meteorology good governance principles capacity development and strong institutions and Geo-Hazards, Environment, Energy and Disaster Financing and economic delivering the support and instruments Management (MCCA).The EPC Act formally provides services expected by all for the functions of the DEPC and the protection of the citizens of Vanuatu environment of Vanuatu. The DEPC is the national focal point for a number of MEAs (see Annex 3) and ensures that development and activities are in line with the Government’s commitments under these international and regional instruments. The main aim of the NEPIP is to strengthen the national coordination of the rapidly expanding work and responsibilities of the Government and other stakeholders for coping with the increasing scale and complexity of environmental needs and requirements. 12 Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu, cl (7)(d). Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 7 -

2.3 — Guiding Principles

2.3 Guiding Principles The formulation and implementation of the NEPIP is guided by four key principles: leadership and good governance; collective responsibility for the environment; indigenous -

2.3.3 — Indigenous Knowledge and Practices

2.3.3 Indigenous Knowledge and Practices This principle recognises that Ni-Vanuatu have developed valuable indigenous knowledge and practices that can contribute positively to the sustainable use and effective management of Vanuatu’s natural resources and knowledge; and the integration of the environment and environment. These traditions and practices are important development. - elements of Vanuatu’s culture and heritage, form part of the national identity and should be safeguarded and protected. -

2.3.1 — Leadership and Good Governance

2.3.1 Leadership and Good Governance The Government will lead efforts to protect, manage and 2.3.4 Integration of the Environment and promote the sustainable use of Vanuatu’s environment Development: Sustainable, Inclusive and and natural resources. This implies upholding good governing practices of transparency, accountability, Equitable Development shared responsibility and equity in the consideration of This principle recognises that the environment underpins environmental requirements in development practices. development. It recognises the challenges in reconciling It respects everyone’s right to a clean and healthy and balancing the needs of the environment and the environment and it recognises key principles for respecting development needs of human society in Vanuatu. the needs and capacities of the natural environment such as the precautionary, polluter pays and carrying capacity It is vital that economic and/or physical development be principles. linked with environmental protection and that importance is placed on credible, relevant and legitimate scientific The Precautionary Principle is reflected in the EPC Act and economic investigations and information about the and defined in the UN Agenda 21 Rio Declaration as integration of the environment into development planning ‘where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, and implementation. lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent The integration of the environment and development environmental degradation.’ is essentially a principle of sustainability. International declarations on sustainable development have advanced The Polluter Pays Principle means that populations are the notion of the three pillars of sustainable development: responsible for the waste and pollution they generate either environmental, economic and social. These three pillars are directly or through payments for mitigation and management reflected in the Government’s NSDP. As a result, there is a services. The principle also extends to society’s need to balance emerging environmental issues while also responsibility to directly pay for the programmes that help addressing the development needs of the population. replenish, restore and rehabilitate natural resources and the environment that were exploited or degraded through The relationship between a healthy environment and decent extensive development activities. If properly applied, this living standards is very complex and varies from location is an equitable basis for cost recovery and encourages to location. Part of this relationship recognises the value responsible waste management behaviour. systems of the people and society in Vanuatu and the promotion and support for the integrity of the environment The Carrying Capacity Principle is the ability of the as a system and for its goods and services. environment to sustain the needs of human development and its own natural requirements. As such, development Another part of this relationship deals with equity. Equity should respect and be maintained within the limits of the is a core part of the social pillar and is closely linked carrying capacities of its hosting environment if it is to with human development and how it can become more achieve a more environmentally and socially sound and environmentally sustainable and equitable. Inequalities are sustainable pathway. especially unfair when they systematically disadvantage - specific groups of people because of gender, race or geographic location. When we are thinking about policies

2.3.2 — Collective Responsibility for the on sustainability, we cannot disassociate them from policies

2.3.2 Collective Responsibility for the on sustainability, we cannot disassociate them from policies Environment addressing inequalities between and within countries and groups. Protecting, managing and sustainably using the environment and its goods and services are everyone’s Getting the message of an inclusive, sustainable, efficient responsibility at the individual and collective levels. This and equitable development pathway across requires principle recognises each individual as holding the key the participation of all sectors, institutions and citizens. responsibility. It also recognises the relevant roles and Protecting and managing the environment with its goods influences that all sectors and institutions of society have in and services is everyone’s responsibility. contributing to the protection and management of Vanuatu’s environment. 8 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 I3 CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL, ECOSYSTEM, GENETIC, HUMAN AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY - Photo: Lloyd Davis Photo: Donna Kalfatak Photo: Lloyd Davis Conservation is the sustainable use of natural resources, 3.1 Policy Objective 1 or consumption at a rate lower than their replacement rate. The focus of conservation is on the needs and interests of people, including biological, cultural, PO 1.1: Create and manage conservation and recreational and economic needs and resilience to climate protected areas. change. PO 1.2: Support local conservation and protection A broad definition of biodiversity is the variability among of endangered, threatened or endemic species and living organisms including terrestrial, marine and other ecosystems, including through traditional knowledge aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of and practices. which they are part. This includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. PO 1.3: Facilitate and guide the protection of While Vanuatu is recognised as a biodiversity hotspot,13 the biodiversity and livelihoods of Vanuatu from this biodiversity is declining, due in part to inappropriate the impacts of invasive species through strong land use practices, invasive species, the overexploitation of collaboration. natural resources, pollution and climate change.14 Loss of biodiversity also affects the livelihoods of rural and urban PO 1.4: Promote traditional knowledge and practices populations. related to biodiversity conservation. An integral part of the NSDP is to ensure the conservation PO 1.5: Protect biodiversity and ecosystems and and sustainable management of our biodiversity their significant role in our culture, society and and ecosystems. To effectively enhance biodiversity environment. conservation, a fully inclusive and coordinated approach is required. Of crucial importance is the promotion of PO 1.6: Promote appropriate modern technology to traditional knowledge and practices related to biodiversity benefit conservation practices. conservation – ultimately it is the resource owners and users at the island and village levels who undertake biodiversity conservation and resource management. 13 Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Ecosystem Profile: East Melanesian Islands Biodiversity Hotspot, 2012. 14 Vanuatu National Assessment Report 2010: 5 Year Review of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for Sustainable Development. Photo: Joses Togase Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 9 I4 SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Photo: Donna Kalfatak Photo: Lloyd Davis Photo: Kate McPherson Over-exploitation of natural resources leads to the 4.1 Policy Objective 2 depletion of traditional food sources and security and affects traditional social support systems and traditional husbandry practices. To sustainably manage resources, PO 2.1: Promote sustainable resource management it is necessary to look at how we use and should use and ensure compliance with and implementation of them and how they can be best preserved and protected national polices and laws. to ensure their long-term availability. Environmental conservation is therefore strongly linked to sustainable PO 2.2: Strengthen local authorities and municipal resource management. planning authorities to enact and enforce land use planning laws and regulations. In Vanuatu and throughout the Pacific region, the natural resource base underpins both the social, cultural and PO 2.3: Protect vulnerable forests, watersheds, economic well-being of the population. As the use of catchments and freshwater resources, including Vanuatu’s range of natural resources will contribute to community water sources. raising incomes and creating employment it is critical to ensure that these resources are sustainably managed. PO 2.4: Prevent land degradation and downstream One tool for sustainably managing natural resources is environmental damage from mineral resource Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The EPC Act extraction. mandates EIA for all development projects likely to impact on the environment. Therefore, sustainable resource PO 2.5: Increase agricultural and fisheries food management will depend on rigorous and effective production using sustainable practices. enforcement of the EPC Act and other natural resource PO 2.6: Reduce and prevent the degradation and legislation (see Annex 2). erosion of foreshore and coastal areas. The NEPIP aims to strike a balance between the use and conservation of land and marine resources to meet the needs of the population, conserve biological diversity, meet climate change challenges as well as protect traditional values and systems. 10 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 I5 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL -

5.1 — Policy Objective 3

5.1 Policy Objective 3: PO 3.1: Reduce waste and pollution through effective waste management and pollution control. PO 3.2: Review and implement the National Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan. PO 3.3: Establish incentive schemes that implement the polluter pays principle by encouraging cleaner Photo: Mayuka Kozawa production and waste recovery. Vanuatu is undergoing a period of rapid socio-economic development and waste management and pollution control have been identified as strategic issues for sustainable development. The rising population and economic developments create an increasingly affluent society. As a result, different types of wastes are generated, with more waste each year. It is in this context that a coherent waste management strategy advocating environmentally sound management of wastes must be formulated to ensure that Vanuatu’s environment and public health are not adversely affected by the waste-related effects associated with ongoing economic development. The first developments for such an approach to waste management and pollution control came with the endorsement of the Vanuatu Waste Management Policy in 2001, followed by the implementation of the National Waste Management Strategy and Action Plans 2011–2016. The NEPIP builds on these foundations. Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 11 I6 CLIMATE CHANGE A 2015 UN report assessed Vanuatu as one of the most highly exposed countries in the world to disaster risks.15 Vanuatu is vulnerable to a range of hazards, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, climate variability, storm surge, landslides, droughts and -

6.1 — Policy Objective 4

6.1 Policy Objective 4 PO 4.1: Support the implementation of the CCDRR Policy. flooding. A profile of risks due to climate change and geo- hazards in Vanuatu has been developed and identifies a range of projected consequences of climate change, including: • reduced availability of fresh water • more pests and diseases of animals, crops and trees • saltwater inundation and intrusion of coastal land and groundwater • coral reef deterioration • reduced fisheries productivity • increased risk of human disease and health problems, including vector-borne disease transmission and heat related illness • damage to infrastructure • loss of coastal land • reduced economic growth and revenue generation.16 In 2012, the government of Vanuatu established institutional arrangements for joint governance of climate change and disaster risk reduction through the National Advisory Board on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (NAB) and a Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Project Management Unit within the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD). In 2015 the Government released the Vanuatu Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2016–2030 (the CCDRR Policy). 15 Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft and the United Nations University; Institute for the Environment and Human Security, World Risk Report 2015. 16 Vanuatu Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2016–2030. 12 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 I7 ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT -

7.1 — Policy Objective 5

7.1 Policy Objective 5 PO 5.1: Increase awareness on biodiversity conservation and environmental protection issues across government and publicly. PO 5.2: Build capacity and support local communities to manage natural resources. PO 5.3: Enhance environmental monitoring, Photo: Donna Kalfatak evaluation and research with relevant, open and transparent data sharing among relevant agencies. Environmental Governance is a broad term that encompasses ‘the rules, practices, policies and institutions PO 5.4: Strengthen environmental institutions that shape how humans interact with the environment.’17 and governance to meet national and international Good environmental governance takes into account the obligations. role of all stakeholders and requires cooperation between stakeholders. PO 5.5: Develop State of the Environment Report. While there has been significant progress in the PO 5.6: Ensure that national environmental laws are development of environmental institutions and legislation in robust, comprehensive and updated to effectively Vanuatu, the focus on economic growth and the challenges cater for sustainable development. of a rapidly growing population have taken a toll on the natural resource base and the environment. The policy objectives and activities described in the Implementation Plan for this chapter aim to address this issue by improving the environmental decision making institutions, legislation and the coordination mechanisms between stakeholders. For stakeholders to participate fully in environmental governance, they must understand the existing environment and how human interactions affect it. As a result, the Implementation Plan also focuses on how people’s knowledge and understanding of the environment can be increased. 17 UNEP Factsheet: Environmental Governance. Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 13 I8 SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - Photo: Kate McPherson Photo: Kate McPherson Development underpins the well-being and economic 8.1 Policy Objective 6 performance of any nation and is usually measured through Gross Domestic Product and the Human Development Index. However, while development and economic growth PO 6.1: Promote renewable sources of energy and are vital to ensuring decent living standards, at the promote efficient energy use. same time, growth cannot come at the expense of the environment. PO 6.2: Ensure new infrastructure and development activities cause minimal disturbance to the natural The concept of sustainable growth and development, also land and marine environment. called ‘green growth’ or ‘blue-green growth’, embodies this balanced approach by fostering ‘economic growth and PO 6.3: Increase access to knowledge, expertise and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue technology to enact our blue-green growth strategies. to provide the resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies’.18 In doing so, it incorporates ‘the process of reconfiguring businesses and infrastructure to deliver better returns on natural, human and economic capital investment, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas emissions, extracting and using less natural resources, creating less waste and reducing social disparities.’19 18 OECD, Towards Green Growth, 2011. 19 OECD, Towards Green Growth, 2011. 14 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 I9 FINANCING AND ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS Sound environmental protection and management requires sustainable financing. The Government budget is the single largest source of funding for the protection and conservation of the environment and natural resources. However, the current funding allocation is inadequate. As -

9.1 — Policy Objective 7

9.1 Policy Objective 7 PO 7.1: Ensure adequate financial resources to support our sustainable development aspirations. such, there is an urgent need to complement government funding by harnessing additional funding from multilateral PO 7.2: Promote participation of individuals, CSOs, funding mechanisms, development partners, the private and the private sector in environmental protection sector and civil society organisations (CSOs). through fiscal incentives and voluntary agreements. The Government’s aim is to broaden the range of financial instruments used in the implementation of environment- related policies. For example, to promote economic instruments and market incentives that will bear upon individual behaviours and lifestyles. The support of a wider network of partner agencies and stakeholders is vital. The NEPIP serves as a useful guide through which donors, regional and international organisations and other partners can design their contributions and assistance to protect and manage Vanuatu’s environment. Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 15 10 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK ■ The NEPIP highlights the involvement of many different groups, including government agencies at municipal, provincial and national levels, the private sector, CSOs, local communities and the public. Integration of environmental considerations in all policies, planning and development processes is critical if the NEPIP is to achieve its goals and policy objectives. The Implementation Plans (Annex 1) will require the active participation of stakeholders at all levels. In order to operationalise the NEPIP, the DEPC will take a leadership role to ensure the activities identified in the Implementation Plans are carried out and that yearly progress reports are prepared. It is anticipated that the progress reporting for the NEPIP will align with the annual reporting requirements for the NSDP. As part of the ongoing monitoring of the NEPIP, the DEPC will coordinate a mid-term review. This is expected to occur in 2023. Photo: Kate McPherson Government support to reform the DEPC will contribute to the effective implementation of the NEPIP. However, the support of the wider network of partner agencies and stakeholders – whose portfolios overlap with the work of the DEPC – is vital. 16 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 11 ANNEXES ■ -ANNEX 1 Implementation Plans Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 1 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Conservation of biological, ecosystem, genetic, human and cultural diversity Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners (PO) PO 1.1: Create 1.1.1: By 2020, there a) Create awareness materials *Number of registered CCAs DEPC, DoF, VFD, VKS, and manage are 10 registered about biodiversity and *Number of proposed VNCC, BV, DARD, Tourism, conservation and Community conservation conservation areas NGOs, CSOs protected areas Conservation Areas *Number of effectively (NSDP ENV 5.2 (CCAs) in Vanuatu b) Identify proposed managed areas DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, and ENV 4.4) conservation areas, *Number of special areas of DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, effectively managed areas interest for management DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, 1.1.2: Targets for and special areas of interest *Number of marine protected communities, NGOs, CSOs conservation areas set for management that can be areas or marine reserves in provincial strategic formalised as CCAs, marine protected under the Fisheries plans are achieved protected areas or marine Act reserves c) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities applications d) Train CCA management Proportion of community DEPC, CCA management committees about reporting management committees committees requirements implementing their CCA management plan PO 1.2: Support 1.2.1: By 2020, there a) Create awareness materials *Number of registered CCAs DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, local conservation are 10 registered CCAs about biodiversity and *Number of proposed DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, and protection in Vanuatu conservation conservation areas DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, of endangered, I *Number of effectively communities, NGOs, CSOs b) Identify proposed threatened or 1.2.2: Targets for managed areas conservation areas, endemic species conservation areas set *Number of special areas of effectively managed areas and ecosystems, in provincial strategic interest for management and special areas of interest including through plans are achieved *Number of marine protected for management that can be traditional areas or marine reserves formalised as CCAs, marine knowledge and protected under the Fisheries protected areas or marine practices (NSDP Act reserves ENV 5.3, SOC 1.2 and SOC 1.3) c) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities applications I d) Train CCA management Proportion of community DEPC, CCA management committees about reporting management committees committees requirements implementing their CCA management plan 1.2.3: By 2020, all a) Develop threatened species Number of threatened species DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, threatened species regulations legally protected SLO identified on the IUCN b) Develop and maintain a DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, Red List are protected database of endangered, OGCIO, VNSO by national legislation threatened and endemic species Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 17 Conservation of biological, ecosystem, genetic, human and cultural diversity Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners (PO) PO 1.2 cont. 1.2.4: By 2020, new a) Maintain control over the CITES Act and regulations DEPC, BV, Customs regulations under trade in endangered species reviewed and replaced the Convention on International Trade b) Review and process CITES DEPC, BV, Customs in Endangered Fauna applications and Flora (CITES regulations) are in place c) Finalise Memorandum of DEPC, BV, Customs, SLO Understanding (MoU) with Customs and BV d) Develop CITES Act and DEPC, BV, Customs, SLO regulations amendments PO 1.3: Facilitate 1.3.1: By 2024, 90% a) Refer to chapter 8.0 Proportion of NISSAP DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, and guide the of the NISSAP is (Action Plan) of the NISSAP implemented DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, protection of I implemented DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, the biodiversity b) Annual monitoring of communities, NGOs, CSOs, and livelihoods NISSAP progress CDU, Tourism, SPREP, of Vanuatu from MSG Secretariat, PSC, the impacts of MFEM, DoPM, SPC, DoH, invasive species VMGD, IRD, BNZ, AQIS, through strong FAO, DL, Landcare collaboration c) Recruit Biosafety and Invasive species and biosafety DEPC, MCCA, PSC (NSDP ENV 5.4) Invasive Species Officer in officer appointed 2017 d) Finalise Draft Biosecurity Biosecurity Bill passed BV, DEPC, SLO Bill e) Develop MoU between MoU signed BV, DEPC, Customs, SLO DEPC, BV and Customs 1.3.2: By 2021, a Review NISSAP and prepare Revised NISSAP approved DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, revised NISSAP is revised NISSAP DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, complete DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, communities, NGOs, CSOs, CDU, Tourism, SPREP, MSG Secretariat, MFEM, DoPM, SPC, DoH, VMGD, IRD, BNZ, AQIS, FAO, DL, Landcare 18 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Conservation of biological, ecosystem, genetic, human and cultural diversity Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners (PO) PO 1.4: Promote 1.4.1: By 2020, a a) Carry out survey to Establish baseline of current VKS, VNCC, DEPC, DoF, traditional baseline of the current establish baseline of current understanding. For example, DARD, VFD, public, VNSO, knowledge and understanding of understanding survey of traditional knowledge NGOs, CSOs practices related traditional knowledge such as the ability to name to biodiversity and practices is b) Scientific validation local flora and fauna, identify conservation established of traditional knowledge/ the number of taboo places and (NSDP SOC 1.2 practices areas etc. and SOC 1.6) 1.4.2: By 2030, at a) Carry out survey to Number of cultural sites VKS, VNCC, DEPC, DoF, least 15% of important establish baseline of current registered DARD, VFD, public, VNSO, biodiversity, livelihoods understanding NGOs, CSOs and custom areas are conserved through b) Register sites VKS, VNCC, VNSO effective community and government management measures 1.4.3: By 2020 there are Develop teaching materials Proportion of schools using DEPC, MoE, Ministry of six more schools using about traditional knowledge teaching materials about Agriculture, Livestock, teaching materials about and biodiversity traditional knowledge and Forestry, Fisheries and traditional knowledge biodiversity. For example, Biosecurity (MALFFB), and biodiversity (from Teaching Indigenous DGMWR, SPREP, MCCA, the 2016 baseline) Knowledge and Resource development partners, Management in the Primary NGOs, CSOs, VANGO, School Resource Pack. schools, communities 1.4.4: By 2030, 50% Develop awareness materials Number of awareness VKS, VNCC, DEPC, DoF, of the population are including DEPC website activities promoting traditional VFD, BV, DARD, DGMWR, aware of traditional knowledge and practices DoL, Tourism, NGOs, CSOs, knowledge and practices related to biodiversity VANGO, MoE, schools, related to biodiversity conservation communities, SPREP, conservation development partners Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 19 Conservation of biological, ecosystem, genetic, human and cultural diversity Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners (PO) PO 1.5: Protect 1.5.1: By 2020, there a) Identify proposed Number of registered CCAs DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, biodiversity and are 10 registered CCAs conservation areas, DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, ecosystems and in Vanuatu effectively managed areas DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, their significant and special areas of interest communities, NGOs, CSOs role in our 1.5.2: By 2030, at for management that can be culture, society least 15% of natural formalised as CCAs and environment forest and 10% of b) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities (NSDP ENV 5.1) wetland areas are applications conserved through effective community c) Train CCA management Proportion of community DEPC, CCA management and government committees about reporting management committees committees management measures requirements implementing their CCA management plan 1.5.3: Targets for conservation areas set in provincial strategic plans are achieved 1.5.4: By 2020, all a) Develop threatened species Number of threatened species DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, threatened species regulations legally protected SLO identified on the IUCN b) Develop and maintain a DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, Red List are protected database of endangered, OGCIO, VNSO by national legislation threatened and endemic species 1.5.5: By 2030, 90% of a) Amend the EPC Act and EIA Number of development DEPC, DGMWR, PPU, development projects Regulations projects complying with EIA PWD, DoL, VFD, PGCs, are complying with EIA requirements MCs, private sector, public b) Review and process requirements Environmental Permit applications 1.5.6: By 2020, there a) Develop guidelines Number of environmental DEPC, SLO, PWD, DGMWR, are six environmental guidelines developed under, PPU, Tourism, DoPM, guidelines in place b) Amend the EPC Act and for example, the EPC Act, MCs, PGCs, VFD, DoF, EIA Regulations Pollution (Control) Act, Waste DoL, private sector, public, c) Develop waste and Management Act and Ozone MCCA, VIPA pollution regulations Layer Protection Act 1.5.7: By 2017, a Revise NBSAP Revised NBSAP approved DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, revised NBSAP is in DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, place DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, communities, NGOs, CSOs 20 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Conservation of biological, ecosystem, genetic, human and cultural diversity Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners (PO) PO 1.5 cont. 1.5.8: By 2020, at Implement NBSAP and Proportion of NBSAP and DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, least 90% of activities NISSAP NISSAP implemented DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, in the NISSAP are DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, implemented communities, NGOs, CSOs, CDU, Tourism, SPREP, 1.5.9: By 2021, a MSG Secretariat, PSC, revised NISSAP is MFEM, DoPM, SPC, DoH, complete VMGD, IRD, BNZ, AQIS, 1.5.10: By 2030, 80% FAO, DL, Landcare of the revised NBSAP is implemented 1.5.11: By 2020, new a) Maintain control over the CITES Act and regulations DEPC, BV, Customs CITES regulations are trade in endangered species reviewed and replaced in place b) Review and process CITES DEPC, BV, Customs applications c) Finalize MoU with Customs DEPC, BV, Customs, SLO and BV d) Develop CITES Act and DEPC, BV, Customs, SLO regulations amendments 1.5.12: By 2020 a) Identify environment Number of environment DEPC, DoF, DARD, there are 50 more champions (e.g. model champions DGMWR, VFD, environment champions farmers/resource users, communities, NGOs, CSOs, (from the 2016 interested communities etc.) Chiefs baseline) b) Implement the IW R2R project and GEF 5 project 1.5.13: The failure/ Survey the status of initiatives Number of successful initiatives DEPC, DoF, DARD, success rate of undertaken by existing DGMWR, VFD, initiatives undertaken by environment champions communities, NGOs, CSOs, environment champions Chiefs is understood PO 1.6: Promote 1.6.1: 30% increase in a) Promote open-pollinated Number and variety of open- DARD, farmers, schools, appropriate the number of farmers seeds programme pollinated seeds sourced and NGOs, private sector, CSOs modern technology using and benefiting promoted b) Source open-pollinated to benefit from open-pollinated seeds and planting materials conservation seeds by 2030 from approved supplies practices (NSDP (domestic and international) ENV 1.4 and ENV 2.1) c) Develop awareness Number of awareness materials MALFFB, DARD, VARTC, materials about the impacts developed and distributed NGOs, CSOs of genetically modified organisms Number of awareness workshops/training Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 21 Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 2 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.1: Promote 2.1.1: By 2030, 50% Develop awareness materials Number of DEPC, DoF, VFD, VKS, VNCC, BV, sustainable resource of the population including DEPC website sustainable resource DARD, DGMWR, DoL, Tourism, management are aware of management NGOs, CSOs, VANGO, MoE, and ensure sustainable resource awareness activities schools, communities, SPREP, compliance with and management undertaken development partners implementation of 2.1.2: By 2030, 90% a) Amend the EPC Act and EIA Number of DEPC, DGMWR, PPU, PWD, DoL, national policies and of development Regulations development VFD, PGCs, MCs, private sector, laws projects are projects complying public b) Review and process complying with EIA with EIA Environmental Permit requirements requirements applications 2.1.3: By 2020 there Undertake compliance activities Proportion of DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, SLO, is an increase in the breaches of Police, PGCs, MCs, Customs, compliance action sustainable resource DoPM taken by government management agencies laws that result in compliance action 2.1.4: By 2030, Train CCA management Proportion of DEPC, CCA management 90% of community committees about reporting community committees management requirements management committees are committees complying with implementing and their CCA reporting reporting on their obligations to DEPC CCA management plan 2.1.5: By 2020, Create a spread sheet listing Number of DEPC, VNSO, government agencies at least 60% government policies and government policies of government whether they support natural that support the policies support resource management management natural resource and use of management natural resources (mainstreaming) 2.1.6: By 2018 Develop and implement the Proportion of DEPC DEPC, public, SPREP, OGCIO, PSC, there is a DEPC DEPC Communication Strategy Communication MCCA, media outlets, (PMO Communication and Marketing Strategy Strategy and Strategy and Marketing Strategy Marketing Strategy implemented in place 2.1.7: By 2025, 40% of the DEPC Communication Strategy and Marketing Strategy is implemented 22 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.2: Strengthen 2.2.1: By 2020, a Establish a Department of Town Department of DLA, DoL, PSC, PGCs, MCs local authorities and Department of Town and Country Planning, including Town and Country municipal planning and Country Planning appropriate budget Planning established authorities to enact is established and enforce land use 2.2.2: By 2030, all Consult and prepare physical Proportion of PGCs, MCs, DoL, DLA, government planning laws and physical planning plans declared physical agencies, private sector, public regulations. (NSDP areas declared in or planning areas that ENV 4.1, SOC 6.6, ECO before 2016 have a have a physical plan 2.2 and ECO 2.3) physical plan in place (including zoning and development control plan) 2.2.3: By 2025, 50% Publish and implement the Number of directives DoL, DLA, government agencies, of the directives of National Land Use Planning of the National Land private sector, public, PGCs, MCs the National Land Policy Use Planning Policy Use Planning Policy implemented are implemented 2.2.4: By 2017, a Finalise and implement the Subdivision Policy DoL, DLA, government agencies, Subdivision Policy is Subdivision Policy finalised and private sector, public, PGCs, MCs approved approved 2.2.5: By 2025, a) Obtain COM approvals for the National Urban DoL, DLA, government agencies, a National Urban National Urban Policy Policy drafted and private sector, public, PGCs, MCs Policy is approved approved b) Develop the National Urban Policy 2.2.6: By 2017, a Finalise the Land Acquisition Land acquisition DoL, DLA, government agencies, Land Acquisition Policy policy finalised and private sector, public, PGCs, MCs Policy is approved approved 2.2.7: By 2025, a) Develop COM paper Physical Planning DLA, DoL, government agencies, amendments to the Act amended and private sector, public, PGCs, MCs, b) Develop amendments to the Physical Planning gazetted by the SLO SLO Physical Planning Act Act have commenced 2.2.8: By 2025, a) Develop COM paper Foreshore DLA, DoL, government agencies, amendments to Development Act private sector, public, PGCs, MCs, b) Develop amendments to the the Foreshore amended and SLO Foreshore Development Act Development Act gazetted by the SLO have commenced 2.2.9: By 2020, the Finalise and gazette the Building Proportion of new DLA, PWD, PGCs, MCs, private Building Code is Code buildings that sector (e.g. engineers, builders, gazetted comply with the plumbers, electricians), SLO, Building Code vocational training centres 2.2.10: By 2025, Assess building permit 90% of new applications against the buildings are Building Code constructed in accordance with the Building Code Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 23 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.2 cont. 2.2.11: By 2025, a) Draft the Drainage Bill Proportion of SLO, PWD, VPMU, DLA, DEPC, 50% of drainage declared drainage DoH, DoL, DGMWR, PGCs, MCs, planning areas have planning areas with development partners a drainage plan b) Pass and gazette the a drainage plan Drainage Bill c) Implement drainage planning requirements 2.2.12: 95% of a) Amendments to the Public Number of design DoH, DEPC, DLA, MIPU, private households have Health Act passed and gazetted and performance sector, public, NGOs, CSOs, improved access to standards for development partners, PGCs, MCs sanitation by 2030 b) Develop standards on the sanitation systems design and performance of and standards for sanitation systems and the sanitary devices types of sanitary devices and developed standards for sanitary devices for use in Vanuatu 2.2.13: 90% of the a) Amendments to the Public Systems for DoH, DEPC, DLA, MIPU, private urban sanitation Health Act passed and gazetted treating, reusing or sector, public, NGOs, CSOs, systems have a recycling human development partners, PGCs, MCs, treatment or re-use b) Develop standards on the waste in urban areas PMO system 2030 design and performance of are established sanitation systems and the types of sanitary devices and standards for sanitary devices for use in Vanuatu c) Construct and maintain the Septage Treatment Plant at Bouffa d) Investigate opportunities for developing a reticulated sewerage system for Port Vila 24 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.3: Protect 2.3.1: Six Water Declare Water Protection Zones Number of declared DGMWR, DoF, DARD, DEPC, NGOs, vulnerable forests, Protection Zones in accordance with the Water Water Protection communities, PGCs, MCs watersheds, declared by 2020 Resources Management Act Zones catchments and [CAP 281] freshwater resources, 2.3.2: Six Watershed a) Collect information about Number of DGMWR, DoF, DARD, DEPC, NGOs, including community Management Plans catchments management plans communities, PGCs, MCs water sources. (NSDP by 2025 for vulnerable ENV 4.2 and ECO 2.2) b) Identify why particular watersheds/ catchments are vulnerable catchments c) Develop appropriate management plans 2.3.3: 100% of Work with communities to Number of Drinking DGMWR, communities, NGOs, community water develop Drinking Water Safety Water Safety and CSOs, MoH supply systems and Security Plans Security Plans with Drinking Water developed for Safety and Security community water Plans by 2030 supply systems 2.3.4: 100% of Complete water resources Percentage/ DGMWR, communities, NGOs, households with inventory proportion of CSOs, MoH, private sector, World all year access to households with Vision, Live and Learn drinking water as per all year access agreed standards by to drinking water 2030 as per agreed standards 2.3.5: By 2020, there a) Identify proposed Number of DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, DGMWR, are 10 registered conservation areas, registered VKS, VNCC, DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, CCAs in Vanuatu effectively managed areas conservation communities, NGOs, CSOs and special areas of interest areas, proposed 2.3.6: Targets for for management that can be conservation areas, conservation areas formalised as CCAs effectively managed set in provincial areas and special b) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities strategic plans are areas of interest for applications achieved management c) Train CCA management Proportion of DEPC, CCA management committees about reporting community committees requirements management committees implementing their CCA management plan Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 25 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.4: Prevent 2.4.1: By 2020, all a) Amend the Mines and Number of Acts DGMWR, DoE, DEPC, PWD, SLO, land degradation Acts relating to the Minerals Act relating to the Commonwealth Secretariat, private and downstream development of development of sector, development partners, SPC b) Develop Mining Regulations environmental damage mineral resources mineral resources from mineral resource have been amended, c) Update the Mining Manual amended extraction (NSDP ENV strengthening 4.3) the regulatory d) Amend the Petroleum Act, frameworks of the e) Amend the Geothermal Act extractive industry f) Amend the Quarry Act g) Promote the Code of Quarry Practice 2.4.2: By 2020, Finalise the DSM policy Deep Sea Mining DGMWR, SLO, VFD, DEPC, the DSM policy is Policy and DoFA, MFEM, lands tribunal, approved legislation finalised Malvatumauri, VANGO, VKS, PGCs, and approved DoPM, ANU, SPC, development 2.4.3: By 2025, DSM Draft DSM legislation partners, public, NOMC legislation is in force 2.4.4: By 2030, a) Amend the EPC Act and EIA Number of DEPC, DGMWR, PPU, PWD, DoL, 90% of extraction Regulations extraction activities DoE, VFD, PGCs, MCs, private activities are complying with EIA sector, public b) Review and process complying with EIA requirements Environmental Permit requirements applications 2.4.5: By 2020, Develop guidelines Coastal DEPC, SLO, PWD, DGMWR, PPU, revised coastal development and Tourism, DoPM, MCs, PGCs, VFD, development and quarry guidelines DoFA, DoL, private sector, public, quarry guidelines are developed/updated MCCA, VIPA in place 26 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.5: Increase 2.5.1: By 2020, there a) Identify proposed Number of DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, DGMWR, agricultural and are 10 registered conservation areas, registered VKS, VNCC, DoL, SLO, BV, PGCs, fisheries food CCAs in Vanuatu effectively managed areas conservation communities, NGOs, CSOs production using and special areas of interest areas, proposed sustainable practices 2.5.2: Targets for for management that can be conservation areas, (NSDP ENV 1.1, ENV conservation areas formalised as CCAs effectively managed 1.4, ENV 2.6, ENV 4.4, set in provincial areas and special b) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities ECO 3.3 and ECO 3.4) strategic plans are areas of interest for applications achieved management c) Train CCA management Proportion of DEPC, CCA management committees about reporting community committees requirements management committees implementing their CCA management plan 2.5.3: By 2020, Undertake agriculture census Number of DARD, MALFFB, VNSO, PGCs, more than 50% of farmers and MCs, DoL, farmers, NGOs, CSOs, farmers are engaged fishermen engaged development partners in sustainable in sustainable production production of farm, forestry and fisheries products 2.5.4: By 2020, at a) Carry out joint planning Number of mini- DoE, MALFFB, DEPC, communities, least eight mini- sessions between different grid renewable PGCs, private sector, development grid systems are ministries to identify key energy systems in partners, DGMWR operational energy sector activities that can communities that contribute to farm, forest and have the potential fisheries sector objectives to develop farm, forest and fisheries b) Promote the use of businesses appropriate processing technologies to increase productivity while minimising the ongoing costs of energy usage and maintenance c) Promote the use of solar technology in the agriculture sector Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 27 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.5 cont. 2.5.5: By 2020, there Develop commodity Number of key DARD, MALFFB, DoI, DoT, farmers, are development development strategies commodity NGOs, CSOs, private sector, strategies for cacao development development partners, VARTC, and coffee in place strategies developed industry, cooperatives, VCCI and approved 2.5.6: By 2025, at Undertake biological stock Number of stock VFD, DEPC, donor partners, least 5% of fisheries assessments assessments fishermen, SPC, VNSO have undergone a undertaken (inshore stock assessment fisheries) and the stock status is known 2.5.7: By 2020, the a) Review aquaculture plan Number of juveniles VFD, farmers, VAC, PGCs, number of juveniles or fries distributed communities, development partners or fries distributed b) Put in place aquaculture or released into wild to farmers has management plan increased (from the c) Select sites 2016 baseline) d) Work with farmers to construct fish farms e) Supply fries to farmers 2.5.8: By 2030, Consult and prepare Fisheries Number of VFD, communities, private sector, more than 50% Management Plans designated government agencies, neighbouring of all designated fisheries with countries (i.e. those that share fisheries will have an approved Fisheries Vanuatu’s maritime boundary), approved Fisheries Management Plans regional fisheries management Management Plan organisations, FFA 2.5.9: By 2020, 20 a) Construct FADs Number of FADs VFD, fishermen, fishermen’s Fish Aggregating deployed associations, communities, VMC, b) Select sites and sound their Devices (FADs) have PGCs, regional organisations (e.g. depth been deployed SPC) c) Deploy FADs 2.5.10: By 2020, a) Construct fish and livestock Number of storage VFD, DL, DARD government eight urban and rural markets, storage facilities and facilities and market agencies, cooperatives, PGCs, fish markets/storage butcheries outlets communities, fishermen’s facilities have been b) Construct fish and livestock associations, farmers, development built markets, storage facilities and partners, DoT, DoI, VCCI butcheries 2.5.11: By 2030, 10 a) Select sites (e.g. at provincial new rural butcheries centres) are established (from b) Identify farmers with excess the 2016 baseline) stock or marketable stock that could benefit from new facilities c) Construct livestock markets, storage facilities and butcheries 2.5.12: By 2030, six a) Select sites (e.g. at provincial new small livestock centres) market outlets are b) Identify farmers with excess established (from the stock or marketable stock that 2016 baseline) could benefit from new facilities c) Construct livestock markets, storage facilities and butcheries 28 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.5 cont. 2.5.13: 20,000ha a) Establish community nurseries Hectares of planted DoF, communities, private sector, of forest planted by forest development partners, schools, 2020 b) Supply planting and farmers, MoE, NGOs, CSOs, MCs, measuring materials PGCs c) Undertake awareness and training activities 2.5.14: 30 tonnes of Review and process forestry Number of forestry DoF DoT, DEPC, DoI, PGCs, sandalwood licences licence applications licences issued communities, private sector issued annually based on island quota 2.5.15: Sawmill licences reviewed every five years 2.5.16: By 2020, 10 a) Establish on-farm trials Number of research DL, regional organisations (SPC, model farms in each outputs/results NARI, FNU), VARTC, VAC, FSA, province have been b) Identify model farms on the use of NGOs, CSOs, schools, farmers, identified local resources as industry c) Facilitate information livestock feed exchange between farmers (e.g. site visits) d) Work with regional organisations to provide training to farmers 2.5.17: By 2025, 60- a) Identify potable water sources Percentage/ DL, regional organisations (SPC, 70% of livestock and appropriate technologies to proportion of NARI, FNU), VARTC, VAC, FSA, have access to safe access water (e.g. drill wells) livestock with NGOs, CSOs, schools, farmers, water access to safe water industry, DGMWR, DoE b) Maintain breeding programmes for stock that are less water intensive 2.5.18: By 2025, a) Identify land areas that can Number of hectares DL, regional organisations there are 10,000 new be rehabilitated and areas of improved pasture (SPC, NARI, FNU), VARTC, VAC, hectares of improved of land that are suitable for established FSA, NGOs, CSOs, schools, pasture established pasture development (e.g. areas farmers, industry, DGMWR, DoE, (from the 2007 that may be cleared) Development partners (e.g. MFAT, baseline) EU, DFAT, UN agencies, World b) Research pasture species Bank) with potential to be used in Vanuatu 2.5.19: By 2025, a) Continued implementation of Number of livestock DL, small farmers, schools, cattle population is national restocking programmes raised commercial farmers, ACIAR, FAO, 500,000 head SPC, development partners, DoT, DoI, b) Rehabilitate previous coconut MCCA, DoL, DGMWR, PWD, PGCs, plantations MCs, communities, Chiefs, NGOs, c) Facilitate new investment CSOs, media outlets, PMO, VIPA 2.5.20: By 2025, 20 a) Identify breeds that are Number of dairy DL, small farmers, schools, small-scale dairy suitable for distributing in farms established commercial farmers, ACIAR, FAO, farms are established Vanuatu SPC, development partners, DoT, (dairy cows and DoI, MCCA, DoL, DGMWR, PWD, b) Establish breeding milking goats) PGCs, MCs, communities, Chiefs, programmes NGOs, CSOs, media outlets, PMO, 2.5.21: By 2030, at c) Identify appropriate portable VIPA least two commercial technology for milking dairy farms are d) Undertake awareness and established training activities Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 29 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.5 cont. 2.5.22: By 2020, a) Undertake awareness Number of cattle DL, small farmers, schools, database recording activities slaughtered and commercial farmers, ACIAR, FAO, the number of amount of money SPC, development partners, DoT, cattle slaughtered is returned to farmers DoI, MCCA, DoL, DGMWR, PWD, b) Gather data from butcheries established (i.e. price per PGCs, MCs, communities, Chiefs, and slaughterhouses carcass) NGOs, CSOs, media outlets, PMO, 2.5.23: By 2020, 15 a) Identify sentinel farms and VIPA, OIE, MoH, NDMO, MoE sentinel farms have collect blood samples been identified for b) Test blood samples quarterly sampling/ testing of zoonotic diseases 2.5.24: By 2020, a) Undertake awareness Number of livestock DL, small farmers, schools, database recording activities (e.g. pricing, product and island food commercial farmers, FAO, SPC, activities of Marobe quality etc.) products (root crops development partners, DoT, DoI, market established etc.) raised/grown DoL, DGMWR, PWD, PGCs, MCs, b) Train farmers (including by island, imported communities, Chiefs, NGOs, CSOs, site visits, and training about to Efate and sold at media outlets, PMO, VIPA, MoE, pricing) the Marobe market shipping/transport companies c) Review and update current database d) Ongoing data entry and reporting 2.5.25: By 2020,100 a) Identify interested farmers Pilot study on DL, small farmers, schools, ewes and five rams sheep production commercial farmers, FAO, SPC, are imported b) Develop import protocols completed development partners, DoT, DoI, DoL, DGMWR, PWD, PGCs, MCs, 2.5.26: By 2030, c) Secure finance communities, Chiefs, NGOs, CSOs, population of sheep media outlets, PMO, VIPA, MoE, is 10,000 head d) Train farmers and livestock shipping/transport companies, BV, officers Customs e) Establish breeding and distribution programme 30 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.6: Reduce 2.6.1: By 2025, geo- a) Collect beach profiling and Number of places DGMWR, schools, DEPC, DLA, VFD, and prevent the scientific information coastal morphology data where detailed DoF, DoPM, PGCs, communities, degradation and for six sites has been geo-scientific NGOs, CSOs, SPREP, SPC, other b) Identify and collect erosion of foreshore collected information has regional organisations, donor geological information from and coastal areas. been collected. For partners, MCCA, VKS regional and international (NSDP ENV 4.5 and example, beach institutions 4.6) profiling and coastal c) Purchase and maintain morphology data. laboratory facilities 2.6.2: By 2025, a) Identify funding Number of forest DoF, DEPC, DARD, DL, PGCs, a national forest inventories communities, private sector, NGOs, b) Compile and validate existing inventory of coastal conducted CSOs, development partners information areas has been conducted c) Undertake surveys d) Consultation 2.6.3: By 2020, Develop guidelines, including Number of coastal DEPC, VFD, DGMWR, MoIA, VMGD, guidelines to guide reviewing the National development SLO, PWD, PPU, Tourism, DoPM, coastal developments Integrated Coastal Management guidelines MCs, PGCs, DoF, DoL, public, are available and Framework and Implementation developed/updated MCCA, VIPA, communities, SPREP, implemented Strategy NGOs, CSOs, private sector (e.g. for Vanuatu tour operators) 2.6.4: By 2017, Finalise and implement Oceans Proportion of DEPC, DoFA, SLO, MCCA, Police, Oceans Policy is Policy Oceans Policy MCs, PGCs, DoF, VFD, DoPM, approved implemented Tourism, Customs, BV, NGOs, CSOs 2.6.5: By 2020, 10% of the Oceans Policy is implemented 2.6.6: By 2030, all Consult and prepare physical Proportion of PGCs, MCs, DoL, DLA, government physical planning plans declared physical agencies, private sector, public areas declared in or planning areas that before 2016 have a have a physical plan physical plan in place (including zoning and development control plan) 2.6.7: By 2017, Finalise and approve National Proportion of the VFD, DEPC, donor partners, National Fisheries Fisheries Aquaculture Sector National Fisheries fishermen, fish farmers, SPC, and Aquaculture Policy and Aquaculture VNSO, FFA, PGCs, communities Sector Policy is Sector Policy approved implemented 2.6.8: At least a) Establish community Number of areas DoF, communities, development 5,000ha of coastal nurseries rehabilitated (i.e. partners, DGMWR, DEPC, MCCA, forest planted by hectares reforested) NGOs, CSOs, b) Supply planting and 2025 measuring materials c) Undertake awareness and training activities Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 31 Sustainable resource management Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 2.6 cont. 2.6.9: By 2020, Review and process quarry Number of DGMWR, DEPC, DLA, SLO there is a ban on permit applications commercial sand commercial coastal mines sand mining 2.6.10: By 2020, a) Amend the EPC Act and EIA Number of DEPC, DGMWR, PPU, PWD, DoL, all development Regulations coastal and VFD, PGCs, MCs proposals within foreshore projects b) Review and process the foreshore (mean complying with EIA Environmental Permit high water mark) requirements applications and on coastal land are subject to environmental controls and regulations, including EIA 2.6.11: By 2020 there a) Locate and collate current Use satellite imagery DEPC, MCCA, DLA, DoL, OGCIO, is improved access information to monitor changes DoPM, VFD, Customs, BV, VPMU, to and sharing of in coastline MIPU, Police, DoFA, MoIA, PGCs, information on MCs, NGOs, CSOs b) Finalise and implement Marine spatial maps foreshore and coastal marine spatial planning process accessible areas for more informed decision c) Develop MoU MoU about DEPC, MCCA, DLA, DoL, OGCIO, making information DoPM, VFD, Customs, BV, VPMU, sharing signed MIPU, Police, DoFA, MoIA, PGCs, by government MCs agencies 32 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 3 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Waste management and pollution control Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 3.1: Reduce 3.1.1: By 2030, every province a) Identify disposal sites Number of controlled DEPC, MCs, PGCs, MoH, waste and pollution has a controlled waste waste disposal BV, SPREP, development b) Develop controlled waste through effective disposal facility facilities partners, private sector, disposal facilities and landfills waste management communities and pollution control. c) Investigate opportunities (NSDP ENV 2.4, SOC for developing recycling 6.5 and ECO 3.6) centres 3.1.2: By 2025, at least one a) Identify disposal sites Number of chemical DEPC, MCs, PGCs, MoH, chemical storage and disposal storage and disposal BV, SPREP, development b) Develop chemical disposal facility is established facilities partners, private sector facilities, including port facilities 3.1.3: By 2020, 100% of Finalise waste management Number of Waste PGCs, MCs, DEPC, provincial governments have a plans Management Plans MoH, BV, development Waste Management Plan approved by PGCs partners, private sector, and MCs communities 3.1.4: By 2020, provincial governments have implemented 20% of their Waste Management Plans 3.1.5: By 2020, Waste Develop Waste Regulations Number of waste DEPC, SLO, PGCs, MCs, Regulations are in force and management MoH, BV, private sector, implemented operators licensed development partners 3.1.6: By 2020, at least two a) Develop standards on the Number of pollution DoH, DEPC, DLA, pollution guidelines/standards design and performance of guidelines and MIPU, private sector, are in force sanitation systems and the standards developed public, NGOs, CSOs, types of sanitary devices and development partners, standards for sanitary devices PGCs, MCs for use in Vanuatu b) Identify priority areas for DEPC, MCs, PGCs, BV, MoH, guidelines and standards DGMWR, NGOs, CSOs c) Develop guidelines and DEPC, MCs, PGCs, BV, standards for priority areas MoH, DGMWR, NGOs, CSOs, public, private d) Implement and ensure sector, development compliance with guidelines partners and standards 3.1.7: By 2020, a NATPLAN a) Finalise and implement Proportion of Oceans DEPC, DoFA, SLO, (as required under the Oceans Policy Policy implemented MCCA, Police, MCs, International Convention for PGCs, DoF, VFD, DoPM, the Prevention of Pollution b) Finalise draft NATPLAN NATPLAN approved Tourism, Customs, BV, from Ships (MARPOL)) is NGOs, CSOs, MARPOL approved Secretariat 3.1.8: By 2020, vehicle a) Develop emission Proportion of PWD, DEPC, VNSO, emissions standards are standards vehicles that comply MCs, PGCs, MoH, DoPM, developed and included in b) Purchase monitoring with emission industry, private sector, annual roadworthy inspections equipment standards development partners 3.1.9: By 2025, 50% of c) Work with MCs and PWD registered vehicles comply to integrate standards into with emission standards roadworthy inspections Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 33 Waste management and pollution control Policy objectives (PO) Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners PO 3.2: Review and 3.2.1: By 2020, at least 90% of a) Revise the National Waste Proportion of DEPC, BV, MoH, PGCs, implement the National activities in the National Waste Management Strategy and revised National MCs, DGMWR, PWD, Waste Management Management Strategy and Action Plan Waste Management NGOs, CSOs, DoPM, Strategy and Action Action Plan are implemented Strategy and Action MoE, VCCI, NDMO, b) Implement the National Plan Plan implemented communities, private Waste Management Strategy (NSDP ENV 2.4 and sector (e.g. waste and Action Plan SOC 6.5) collectors), donor partners 3.2.2: By 2020, 100% of Finalise solid waste Number of Waste PGCs, MCs, DEPC, provincial governments have a management plans Management Plans MoH, BV, development Waste Management Plan approved by PGCs partners, private sector, and MCs communities 3.2.3: By 2020, provincial governments have implemented 20% of their Waste Management Plans PO 3.3: Establish 3.3.1: By 2025, at least a) Review previous Regulations are in DEPC, BV, MoH, PGCs, incentive schemes one incentive scheme is consultant’s reports (e.g. on place MCs, DGMWR, PWD, that implement the established under the Waste container deposit legislation NGOs, CSOs, DoPM, polluter pays principle Management Act and waste oil recycling) MoE, VCCI, NDMO, by encouraging cleaner communities, private b) Develop regulations to production and waste sector (e.g. waste support the polluter pays recovery collectors), donor principle partners, MFEM 34 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 4 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Climate change Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners I(PO) PO 4.1: Support the 4.1.1: By 2030, the Implement the CCDRR Proportion of CCDRR Policy NAB, MCCA, MALFFB, MIPU, implementation of the CCDRR Policy is fully policy implemented DEPC, Tourism, MoH, MoE, CCDRR Policy (NSDP implemented OGCIO, PGCs, MCs, ACs, ENV 3.1 – 3.5 and Chiefs, communities, CSOs, ECO 2.4) development partners, private sector 4.1.2: By 2020, Prepare and submit a Proportion of national budget MCCA, MFEM, PGCs, MCs, government meaningful budget specifically allocated and relevant government agencies expenditure for disaster easily accessible for disaster preparedness, response, preparedness, response, risk risk reduction and early reduction and early warning warning activities has increased from the 2016 baseline 4.1.3: By 2030, all Integrate DRM into Proportion of government NAB, MCCA, MALFFB, MIPU, sectors have integrated government plans and policies that support and Tourism, MoH, MoE, OGCIO, DRM into their plans and budgets implement the strategic PGCs, MCs, ACs, Chiefs, budgets priorities of the CCDRR Policy communities, CSOs, donors and development partners, Proportion of sector and private sector decentralised specific plans and budget set aside for disaster risk management Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 35 Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 5 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Environmental governance and capacity development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) ' PO 5.1: 5.1.1: By 2030, 50% of a) Develop resource materials, Number of resource DEPC, MoE, MALFFB, Increase population are aware including DEPC website materials developed and DGMWR, SPREP, VKS, awareness on of environmental distributed MCCA, development biodiversity issues, including partners, Tourism, NGOs, b) Improve coordination with Number of awareness conservation the importance of CSOs, VANGO, schools, stakeholders to commemorate programmes in place and biodiversity communities, vocational ‘world day’ activities (e.g. World environmental training centres, development Environment Day, World Oceans protection partners Day, World Wetlands Day etc.) and issues across National Environment Week government and publicly 5.1.2: By 2025, new Improve and update environmental Proportion of schools using DEPC, MoE, MALFFB, (NSDP ENV 5.5 teaching materials materials for the national teaching materials about the DGMWR, SPREP, MCCA, and ECO 2.9) about the environment curriculum environment development partners, NGOs, are integrated into the CSOs, VANGO, schools, school curriculum communities 5.1.3: By 2030, all schools are using updated teaching materials about the environment 5.1.4: By 2020, at a) Identify schools to be model Number of model schools DEPC, MoE, MALFFB, least one school in schools and environment implementing environmental DGMWR, SPREP, MCCA, each province is an ambassadors programmes development partners, NGOs, environment model CSOs, VANGO, schools, b) Hold regular information school and environment communities sessions with model schools and ambassador environment ambassadors 5.1.5: At least one Develop annual events with Proportion of schools DEPC, MoE, MALFFB, school event is held schools such as National participating in annual DGMWR, SPREP, MCCA, every year Environment Week, ‘world day’ events development partners, NGOs, activities (e.g. World Environment CSOs, VANGO, schools, Day, World Oceans Day, World communities, vocational Wetlands Day etc.), career training centres days, clean-ups, seminars and competitions (e.g. speech, essay, music, debate etc.) 5.1.6: By 2030 there a) Develop awareness materials Number of awareness DEPC, MoE, MALFFB, are established including DEPC website programmes and events in DGMWR, SPREP, MCCA, communication place/undertaken development partners, NGOs, programmes in place b) Improve coordination with CSOs, VANGO, schools, stakeholders to commemorate communities, vocational ‘world day’ activities (e.g. World training centres Environment Day, World Oceans Day, World Wetlands Day etc.) and National Environment Week 36 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Environmental governance and capacity development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 5.1 cont. 5.1.7: By 2018 there is Develop and implement the DEPC Proportion of DEPC DEPC, public, SPREP, OGCIO, a DEPC Communication Communication Strategy and Communication Strategy PSC, MCCA, media outlets, Strategy and Marketing Marketing Strategy and Marketing Strategy PMO Strategy in place implemented 5.1.8: By 2025, 40% of the DEPC Communication Strategy and Marketing Strategy is implemented 5.1.9: By 2020, there a) Identify proposed conservation Number of registered DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, are 10 registered CCAs areas, effectively managed areas conservation areas, DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, DoL, in Vanuatu and special areas of interest proposed conservation SLO, BV, PGCs, communities, for management that can be areas, effectively managed NGOs, CSOs

5.1.10 — Targets for formalised as CCAs areas and special areas of

5.1.10 Targets for formalised as CCAs areas and special areas of conservation areas set interest for management. b) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities in provincial strategic applications plans are achieved c) Train CCA management Proportion of community DEPC, CCA management committees about reporting management committees committees requirements implementing their CCA management plan. 5.1.11: By 2020, there a) Amend the EPC Act and EIA Number of environmental DEPC, SLO, PWD, DGMWR, are six environmental Regulations guidelines developed under, PPU, Tourism, DoPM, MCs, guidelines in place for example, the EPC Act, PGCs, VFD, DoF, DoL, private b) Develop waste and pollution Pollution (Control) Act, sector, public, MCCA, VIPA regulations Waste Management Act and c) Develop guidelines Ozone Layer Protection Act 5.1.12: By 2025, a) Include questions about Proportion of population DEPC, VNSO, (UNDP, SPREP, baseline information ecosystem services in national with access to ecosystem MCCA, VKS, VFD, DoF, DARD, about access to surveys (e.g. census, wellbeing services DGMWR, MoH, NGOs, CSOs ecosystem services is indicators etc.) available b) Start the Cross Cutting Capacity Development Project/ Capacity Building Phase 2 project for Vanuatu (UNDP Information management Project) c) Start the Pacific Ecosystem- based Adaptation to Climate Change (PEBACC) project 5.1.13: By 2030 there a) Identify and declare areas of Number of ‘green spaces’ DoL, DLA, PGCs, MCs are at least 10 new green space created and maintained in designated green urban areas b) Include green space in new spaces in urban areas subdivisions (from 2016 baseline) Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 37 Environmental governance and capacity development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 5.2: Build 5.2.1: By 2030, 50% Develop awareness materials Number of natural resource DEPC, DoF, VFD, VKS, capacity and of the population including DEPC website management awareness VNCC, BV, DARD, DGMWR, support local are aware of natural activities undertaken DoL, Tourism, NGOs, CSOs, communities to resource management VANGO, MoE, schools, manage natural communities, SPREP, resources development partners (NSDP ENV 5.2.2: At least 10 Review and process research Number of scientific DEPC, NBAC, communities, 4.7, ENV 2.1, scientific research applications research projects involving PGCs, relevant government SOC 1.2, SOC projects involving local communities agencies, research 1.6, SOC 2.4 local communities are undertaken institutions, universities, and ECO 2.9) undertaken every year NGOs, CSOs, donor partners, SPREP, SPC, private sector 5.2.3: By 2020, a Finalise the National Scientific National Scientific Research DEPC, VKS, VNCC, NBAC, National Scientific Research Council Bill Council established communities, PGCs, relevant Research Council government agencies, is established in research institutions, legislation universities, NGOs, CSOs, donor partners, SPREP, SPC, private sector, SLO 5.2.4: By 2020 there are Identify/recognise environment Number of environment DEPC, DoF, DARD, DGMWR, 50 more environment champions (e.g. model farmers/ champions VFD, communities, NGOs, champions (from the resource users, interested CSOs, Chiefs, 2016 baseline) communities, turtle monitors etc.) 5.2.5: By 2020 there are Develop teaching materials Proportion of schools using DEPC, MoE, MALFFB, six more schools using about traditional knowledge and teaching materials about DGMWR, SPREP, MCCA, teaching materials about biodiversity traditional knowledge and development partners, NGOs, traditional knowledge biodiversity. For example, CSOs, VANGO, schools, and biodiversity (from Teaching Indigenous communities the 2016 baseline) Knowledge and Resource Management in the Primary School Resource Pack. 5.2.6: By 2030, 20 a) Identify funding Number of communities VFD, communities, communities involved involved in community- development partners, PGCs, b) Identify communities in community-based based fisheries management DEPC, NGOs, CSOs fisheries management c) Work with communities to programmes develop action plans 5.2.7: By 2020, 15 Appoint community authorised Number of community VFD, communities, PGCs, community authorised officers authorised officers DEPC, NGOs, CSOs, SLO, officers have been authorised under the Police Maritime Wing, PMO appointed under the Fisheries Act Fisheries Act 5.2.8: Twelve a) Train farmers how to grow/ Number of communities DoF, farmers, communities, community nurseries manage planted forests involved in community- schools, NGOs, CSOs established and based forestry management b) Work with schools to managed by 2020 programmes increase awareness of forestry management 5.2.9: By 2020, there a) Identify proposed conservation Number of registered CCAs DEPC, DoF, VFD, DARD, are 10 registered CCAs areas, effectively managed areas DGMWR, VKS, VNCC, DoL, in Vanuatu and special areas of interest SLO, BV, PGCs, communities, for management that can be NGOs, CSOs 5.2.10: Targets for formalised as CCAs conservation areas set b) Review and process CCA DEPC, communities in provincial strategic applications plans are achieved 38 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Environmental governance and capacity development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 5.2 cont. 5.2.11: By 2030, 90% of Train CCA management Proportion of community DEPC, CCA management community management committees about reporting management committees committees committees are requirements implementing their CCA complying with management plan. their CCA reporting obligations to DEPC PO 5.3: 5.3.1: By 2020, a central a) Develop standard practices for *Proportion of government DEPC, MCCA, DLA, DoL, Enhance information sharing information sharing, including an agencies using a central OGCIO, DoPM, VFD, environmental system for environment MoU information sharing system Customs, BV, VPMU, MIPU, monitoring, data is established for environment data Police, DoFA, MoIA, PGCs, b) Share information about evaluation and *MoU about information MCs, NGOs, CSOs, VNSO, environmental programmes, research with 5.3.2: By 2030, there is sharing signed by Tourism, DGMWR, MALFFB, research, projects etc. relevant, open harmonisation across government agencies and PMO and transparent data sharing systems relevant partners data sharing and people are aware c) Finalise and implement marine Marine spatial maps among relevant of them spatial planning process accessible agencies (NSDP ENV 5.3.3 At least 10 Review and process research Number of scientific DEPC, NBAC, communities, 5.6, ENV 2.1, scientific research applications research projects involving PGCs, relevant government SOC 2.4 and projects involving local communities agencies, research SOC 6.9) local communities are undertaken institutions, universities, undertaken every year NGOs, CSOs, donor partners, SPREP, SPC, private sector PO 5.4: 5.4.1: Tools and a) Attend meetings and workshops Number of meetings and DEPC, PMO, DoFA, MCCA, Strengthen opportunities provided on international conventions and workshops on international NAB, VFD, DoPM, other environmental by international treaties conventions and treaties relevant government institutions and conventions are attended agencies, convention b) Participate in regional meetings governance used (e.g. funding secretariats, regional and activities to meet opportunities, organisations (e.g. SPREP, national and technology, c) Access funding available SPC), development partners, international partnerships etc.) under international systems to NGOs, CSOs obligations. implement national activities to (NSDP ENV meet international obligations 2.5, SOC 6.4, SOC 6.8 and 5.4.2: By 2020, 70% a) Identify obligations within Number of environmental Relevant government ECO 3.6) of environmental international conventions and obligations within agencies obligations within treaties international conventions international and treaties incorporated b) Amend Corporate Plans conventions and treaties into Corporate Plans and Business Plans to include are incorporated into obligations Corporate Plans 5.4.3: By 2025, the a) Identify priority study areas Number of university Scholarship Office, relevant number of students graduates in environmental government agencies (DEPC, b) Liaise with scholarships office graduating from and related fields VFD, DoF, etc.), schools, environmental fields has c) Participate in career talks with USP and other institutions, increased schools development partners (e.g. scholarship providers) 5.4.4: By 2020 DEPC a) Advertise positions Fund and fill positions DEPC, MCCA, PSC, MFEM structure is fully staffed approved in the DEPC b) Prepare and submit budget structure (e.g. ozone and proposals, New Program Policies chemical officers) (NPPs) and Business Plans Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 39 Environmental governance and capacity development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 5.5: 5.5.1: By 2025 Vanuatu a) Access funding State of the Environment DEPC, relevant government Develop has a State of the Report published agencies, development b) Identify relevant data and State of the Environment Report partners, SPREP, SPC, NGOs, information currently available Environment CSOs, MCs, PGCs (desktop review) Report c) Collate relevant data PO 5.6: Ensure 5.6.1: By 2020, Identify and review environmental Bills passed in Parliament DEPC, SLO, relevant that national 50% of all national related Acts and Acts and regulations government agencies environmental environmental related gazetted laws are laws must be updated robust, comprehensive and updated to effectively cater for sustainable development 40 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 6 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Sustainable growth and development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 6.1: 6.1.1: By 2030, 100% of all a) Pass Appliance Labelling Proportion of lighting and DoE, DEPC, private Promote lighting and refrigeration and Standards Bill refrigeration appliances sector, Customs, renewable appliances conform to energy imported that meet energy development partners, sources of '' efficiency standards b) Undertake awareness efficient standards SLO, MCCA activities about the Appliance energy and Labelling and Standards Bill, promote focusing on lighting and efficient energy refrigeration use. (NSDP ENV 2.3, ECO c) Enforce legislation 2.1 and ECO 2.2) 6.1.2: By 2030, 90% of grid- Implement through VREP Proportion of grid-based DoE, private sector, based electricity will be phase 2 electricity from renewable NGOs generated from renewable sources energy 6.1.3: By 2020, Building Code Finalise and gazette the Proportion of new buildings in DoE, PWD, DLA, private is gazetted Building Code, incorporating urban areas that comply with sector, PGCs, MCs, energy efficient standards for the energy efficient standards public all new buildings in the National Building Code 6.1.4: By 2025, 90% of new buildings are constructed in accordance with the Building Code 6.1.5: By 2030, 100% of Implement the GPOBA Percentage of households DoE, PWD, DLA, private all urban households will programme with access to electricity in sector, PGCs, MCs, be connected to grid-based concession areas public electricity 6.1.6: By 2030, 90% of Implement VREP phase 1 Percentage of households DoE, PWD, DLA, private households in off-grid areas electrified in off-grid areas sector, PGCs, MCs, will be electrified public 6.1.7: By 2030, 10 micro grid Implement VREP phase 2 Number of micro-grid DoE, PWD, DLA, private systems using renewable renewable energy systems in sector, PGCs, MCs, energy have been installed in rural communities public rural areas 6.1.8: 100% of the water supply a) Identify communities Communities which need DoE, DGMWR, PWD, systems that require energy renewable energy to assist DLA, private sector, ' to operate are powered by b) Undertake projects with their water supply system PGCs, MCs, public renewable energy by 2030 are identified and prioritised Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 41 Sustainable growth and development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 6.2: 6.2.1: By 2030, 90% of a) Amend the EPC Act and Number of development DEPC, DGMWR, PPU, Ensure new development projects EIA Regulations projects complying with EIA PWD, DoL, VFD, PGCs, infrastructure are complying with EIA requirements MCs, private sector, b) Review and process and requirements public Environmental Permit development applications activities cause minimal 6.2.2: By 2020, there are six a) Amend the EPC Act and Number of environmental DEPC, SLO, PWD, disturbance environmental guidelines in EIA Regulations guidelines developed under, DGMWR, PPU, to the natural place for example, the EPC Act, Tourism, DoPM, MCs, land and marine b) Develop waste and Pollution (Control) Act, Waste PGCs, VFD, DoF, DoL, environment. pollution regulations Management Act and Ozone private sector, public, (NSDP ENV 2.2 Layer Protection Act MCCA, VIPA c) Develop guidelines and ENV 4.4) 6.2.3: By 2020, all Acts relating a) Amend the Mines and Number of Acts relating to DGMWR, DoE, to extraction activities have Minerals Act extraction activities amended DEPC, PDW, SLO, been amended, strengthening Commonwealth b) Develop Mining the regulatory frameworks of Secretariat, private Regulations the extractive industry sector, development c) Update the Mining Manual partners, SPC, NGOs d) Amend the Petroleum Act, e) Amend the Geothermal Act f) Amend the Quarry Act g) Promote the Code of Quarry Practice 6.2.4: By 2020, the DSM policy Finalise the DSM policy Deep Sea Mining Policy and DGMWR, SLO, VFD, is approved legislation finalised and DEPC, DoFA, MFEM, approved lands tribunal, 6.2.5: By 2025, DSM legislation Draft DSM legislation Malvatumauri, VANGO, is in force VKS, PGCs, DoPM, ANU, SPC, development partners, public, NOMC, NGOs 6.2.6: By 2017, Oceans Policy Finalise and implement Proportion of Oceans Policy DEPC, DoFA, SLO, is approved Oceans Policy implemented MCCA, Police, MCs, PGCs, DoF, VFD, DoPM, Tourism, Customs, BV, 6.2.7: By 2020, 10% of the NGOs, CSOs Oceans Policy is implemented 6.2.8: By 2030, all licensee a) Implement approved Proportion of National VFD, donor partners, harvest quotas should be Fisheries Management Plans Fisheries and Aquaculture DEPC, SPC, FFA, SLO, limited to allocated total Sector Policy implemented PGCs, communities, b) Based on stock allowable catch (TAC) NGOs, CSOs assessments, determine TACs for each fishery c) Regulate TACs for each fishery (e.g. TACs for sea cucumber and coconut crabs are included in the Fisheries Regulations) 42 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 Sustainable growth and development Policy Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners objectives (PO) PO 6.3: 6.3.1: By 2020, there are six a) Amend the EPC Act and Number of environmental DEPC, SLO, PWD, Increase access environmental guidelines in EIA Regulations guidelines developed under, DGMWR, PPU, to knowledge, place for example, the EPC Act, Tourism, DoPM, MCs, b) Develop waste and expertise and Pollution (Control) Act, Waste PGCs, VFD, DoF, DoL, pollution regulations technology to Management Act and Ozone private sector, public, enact our blue- c) Develop guidelines Layer Protection Act MCCA, VIPA green growth strategies 6.3.2: By 2030, 70% of Implement relevant Proportion of sustainable Relevant government (NSDP ENV sustainable development government policies development policies agencies, NGOs, CSOs, 2.1) policies are implemented including the Oceans Policy, implemented public, private sector, the National Fisheries and development partners Aquaculture Sector Policy, the Forest Policy, the NEPIP, the NERM, the Vanuatu Agriculture Sector Policy, Vanuatu National Livestock Policy, CCDRR Policy etc. 6.3.3: By 2025, 50% of a) Draft the Drainage Bill Proportion of declared SLO, PWD, VPMU, drainage planning areas have a drainage planning areas with a DLA, DEPC, DoH, DoL, b) Pass and gazette the drainage plan drainage plan DGMWR, PGCs, MCs, Drainage Bill development partners c) Implement drainage planning requirements 6.3.4: By 2018, amendments Develop standards on the Design and performance DoH, DEPC, DLA, MIPU, to the Public Health Act are design and performance of standards for sanitation private sector, public, gazetted sanitation systems and the systems and standards for NGOs, CSOs, SLO, types of sanitary devices sanitary devices developed development partners and standards for sanitary 6.3.5: By 2020, standards devices for use in Vanuatu for sanitation systems are developed 6.3.6: By 2030, more than 50% Consult and prepare Number of designated VFD, communities, of all designated fisheries will Fisheries Management Plans fisheries with an approved private sector, have an approved Fisheries Fisheries Management Plan government agencies, Management Plan neighbouring countries (i.e. those that share Vanuatu’s maritime boundary), regional fisheries management organisations, FFA 6.3.7: By 2030, 40% of all a) Implement approved Proportion of the Vanuatu VFD, donor partners, designated fisheries will have Fisheries Management Plans National Fisheries and DEPC, SPC, FFA, SLO, allocated a TAC Aquaculture Sector Policy PGCs, communities, b) Based on stock implemented NGOs, CSOs assessments, determine TACs for each fishery c) Regulate TACs for each fishery (e.g. TACs for sea cucumber and coconut crabs are included in the Fisheries Regulations) Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 43 Implementation Plan for Policy Objective 7 Key: Green text: Included in the NSDP Financing and economic instruments Policy objectives Targets Proposed activities Indicators Key partners (PO) PO 7.1: Ensure 7.1.1: By 2020, a) Prepare and submit a meaningful Percentage of government DEPC, MCCA, MFEM adequate government expenditure budget expenditure for financial for environmental environmental activities resources to activities has increased b) Fund and fill positions approved in DEPC, MCCA, PSC, support our by at least 15 million the DEPC structure (e.g. ozone and MFEM sustainable vatu from the 2016 chemical officers) development baseline aspirations. 7.1.2: By 2020, the Establish an account within the Amount deposited in the DEPC, MFEM (NSDP ENV 2.6 Environmental Trust Vanuatu government system Environmental Trust Fund and SOC 6.8) Fund is operational 7.1.3: By 2025, a a) Consultation Amount deposited into DEPC, MFEM, DSPPAC, I financial mechanism to the financial mechanism MCCA b) Establish financial mechanism to support environmental developed as part of the support environmental initiatives initiatives is operational ADB CTI project 7.1.4: Increased access a) Develop capacity to write and Number of donor funded NGOs, CSOs, to donor funding for present project proposals environmental initiatives government agencies, I environmental initiatives public, development b) Develop project proposals I partners c) Implement project proposals I d) Evaluate success of projects I e) Use evaluation process to inform development of new project proposals I f) Encourage international organisations to operate from Vanuatu 7.1.5: By 2020, direct Complete accreditation process National Implementing MCCA, MFEM, access to multiple Entity established and development partners UNFCCC related funding implemented modalities PO 7.2: Promote 7.2.1: Partnerships a) Promote awareness and benefits of Number of jointly funded/ Government agencies, participation with the private sector, environmental protection throughout implemented projects and NGOs, CSOs, private of individuals, CSOs and NGOs are the country and across sectors voluntary agreements sector, public CSOs, and the established b) Share information about Number of CSOs engaged private sector in environmental programs, research, in environmental environmental projects etc. protection initiatives protection through fiscal c) Develop annual events with schools Number of events held Government agencies, incentives such as speech, essay, music, debate schools, NGOs, CSOs, and voluntary etc. competitions private sector, public agreements (NSDP ENV 2.1) 44 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 -ANNEX 2 Law Environmental Laws in Vanuatu 20 Environmental Protection and Conservation Act [CAP 283] Responsible Agency DEPC Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations DEPC Wild Bird (Protection) Act [CAP 30] DARD Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act [CAP 78] DARD International Trade (Flora and Fauna) Act [CAP 210] and International Trade (Flora and DEPC Fauna) Regulations Animal Importation and Quarantine Act [CAP 201] and Regulations BV Animal Disease (Control) Act [CAP 220] DARD Fisheries Act No. 10 of 2014 and Regulations VFD National Parks Act [CAP 224] DEPC Forestry Act [CAP 276] and Regulations DoF Forestry Rights Registration and Timber Harvest Guarantee Act [CAP 265] DoF Plant Protection Act [CAP 239] and Regulations BV Quarantine Act [CAP 1] MoH Waste Management Act No. 24 of 2014 DEPC Pollution (Control) Act No. 10 of 2013 DEPC Control of Nocturnal Noise [CAP 40] Port Vila Municipal Council Luganville Municipal Council Public Health Act [CAP 234] MoH Shipping Act [CAP 53] DoPM Ports Act [CAP 26] DoPM Prevention of Collisions at Sea Act [CAP 166] DoPM Derelict Vessels (Disposal) Act [CAP 9] MIPU (as Ministry responsible for transport) Maritime Act [CAP 131] DoPM Maritime Zones Act No. 6 of 2010 DoFA and DoPM Pesticides (Control) Act [CAP 226] DARD Ozone Layer Protection Act No. 27 of 2010 and Ozone Layer Protection (Fees and Penalty DEPC Notices) Regulations Customs Act No. 7 of 2013 Customs Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act [CAP 227] DoE Quarry Act No. 9 of 2013 DGMWR Geothermal Energy Act [CAP 197] DGMWR Mines and Minerals Act [CAP 190] DGMWR Land Reform Act [CAP 123] MoL Physical Planning Act [CAP 193] DLA and provincial and municipal councils Foreshore Development Act [CAP 90] DLA Public Roads Act No. 35 of 2013 MIPU 20 Excluding legislation for the ratification, accession, approval or acceptance to/of an international instrument. Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 45 Law Responsible Agency Water Resources Management Act [CAP 281] DGMWR Water Supply Act [CAP 24] DGMWR Water Supply Apparatus Act [CAP 87] DGMWR Meteorology Act No. 4 of 1989 [Cap 204] VMGD National Disaster Act [CAP 267] NDMO Vanuatu National Cultural Council Act [CAP 186] Ministry of Justice and Social Welfare (MoJSW) Preservation of Sites and Artifacts Act [CAP 39] and Order MoJSW 46 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 - Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA) Ratified, Acceded,

ANNEX 3

ANNEX 3 Approved or Accepted by the Republic of Vanuatu MEA Date ratified, acceded, Focal Point Ratification, accession, approval or acceptance approved or accepted legislation Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 DEPC Convention on Biological Diversity (Ratification) Act [CAP 217] Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic 2014 DEPC Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources Resources and the Fair and Equitable and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising Sharing of Benefits Arising from their from their Utilisation to the Convention on Biological Utilisation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Ratification) Act No. 7 of 2014 Diversity Convention on International Trade in 1989 DEPC International Trade (Flora and Fauna) Act [CAP 210] Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and VFD Flora (CITES) DoF International Plant Protection Convention BV Agreement on the International Dolphin 2008 VFD Agreement on The International Dolphin Conservation Conservation Program 1998 (AIDCP) Program (Ratification) Act No. 35 of 2003 Memorandum of Understanding on the 2010 VFD n/a Conservation and Management of Dugongs and their Habitats throughout their Range Memorandum of Understanding for the 2006 VFD n/a Conservation of Cetaceans and their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region Memorandum of Understanding on the 2013 VFD n/a Conservation of Migratory Sharks United Nations Convention to Combat 1999 DEPC Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification Stockholm Convention on Persistent 2005 DEPC Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Organic Pollutants Pollutants (Ratification) Act No. 12 of 2005 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 22 May 2001 Adoption of Amendment to Annex A (Ratification) Act No. 5 of 2014 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 22 May 2001 Adoption of Amendments to Annexes A, B and C (Ratification) Act No. 6 of 2014 Convention to Ban the Importation into 2007 DEPC Waigani Convention (Ratification) Act No. 16 of 2007 Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region (Waigani Convention) International Convention for the Prevention 1989 DoPM Maritime (Conventions) Act [CAP 155] of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Vienna Convention for the Protection of 1994 DEPC Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone the Ozone Layer Layer (Ratification) Act No.3 of 1994 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 47 MEA Date ratified, acceded, Focal Point Ratification, accession, approval or acceptance approved or accepted legislation Montreal Protocol on Substances that 1994 DEPC Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Deplete the Ozone Layer Ozone Layer (Ratification) Act No.4 of 1994 The 1997 Montreal Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (Ratification) Act No. 21 of 2010 The 1999 Beijing Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (Ratification) Act No. 20 of 2010 Agreement Establishing the South Pacific 2006 DEPC and The Agreement Establishing the South Pacific Regional Regional Environment Programme DoFA Environment Programme (SPREP) (Ratification) Act (SPREP) No. 21 of 2005 United Nations Framework Convention on 1993 VMGD and Framework Convention on Climate Change Climate Change DoFA (Ratification) Act [CAP 218] Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations VMGD and Framework Convention on Climate Change DoFA Convention Concerning the Protection of 2002 Vanuatu the World Cultural and Natural Heritage National Commission for UNESCO, MoE Convention for the Safeguarding of the 2009 Vanuatu Convention For The Safeguarding of the Intangible Intangible Cultural Heritage National Cultural Heritage (Ratification) Act No. 26 of 2009 Commission for UNESCO, MoE 48 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 -

ANNEX 4

ANNEX 4 AC ACIAR ANU Acronyms Area Council Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research Australian National University AQIS Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service BNZ Biosecurity New Zealand BV Biosecurity Vanuatu CCA Community Conservation Area CDU Curriculum Development Unit CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CSO Civil Society Organisation Customs Vanuatu Customs and Inland Revenue Department DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DEPC Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australian Aid) DGMWR Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources DL Department of Livestock DLA Department of Local Authorities DoE Department of Energy DoF Department of Forests DoFA Department of Foreign Affairs DoH Department of Health DoI Department of Industry DoL Department of Lands DoPM Department of Ports and Marine DoT Department of Trade DSPPAC Department of Strategic Policy, Planning and Aid Coordination EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPC Act Environmental Protection and Conservation Act FAD Fish Aggregating Device FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FFA Forum Fisheries Agency FNU Fiji National University FSA Farm Support Association GEF Global Environment Facility GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH The German Society for International Cooperation Ltd Government Government of the Republic of Vanuatu GPOBA Global Partnership for Output-Based Aid IRD Institut de recherché pour de developpement: The French Research Institute for Development IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature Landcare Landcare Research (Crown Research Institute, New Zealand) MALFFB Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity Malvatumauri Malvatumauri Council of Chiefs MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MFAT Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand Aid) MC Municipal Council MCCA Ministry of Climate Change Adaptation, Meteorology & Geo-Hazards, Environment, Energy and Disaster Management MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MFEM Ministry of Finance and Economic Management Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030 49 MIPU Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Utilities MoE Ministry of Education and Training MoH Ministry of Health MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MoJSW Ministry of Justice and Social Welfare MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSG Melanesian Spearhead Group NAB National Advisory Board on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction NARI National Agricultural Research Institute, Papua New Guinea NBAC National Biodiversity Advisory Council NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NDMO National Disaster Management Office NGO Non-Government Organisation NISSAP National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan NOMC National Offshore Minerals Committee NPP New Program Policy OECD Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development OGCIO Office of the Government Chief Information Officer OIE World Organisation for Animal Health PEBACC Pacific Ecosystem-based Adaptation to Climate Change PGC Provincial Government Council PMO Prime Minister’s Office PPO Public Prosecutor’s Office PPU Physical Planning Unit PSC Public Service Commission PWD Public Works Department SAMOA Pathway Small Island Developing States Accelerated Modalities of Action Pathway (Outcome of the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, 1–4 September 2014, Samoa) SLO State Law Office SPC The Pacific Community SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme TAC Total Allowable Catch Tourism Tourism stakeholders including the Department of Tourism, the Vanuatu Tourism Office, members of the Tourism Council of Vanuatu and Local Government Tourism Councils UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme USP University of the South Pacific VAC Vanuatu Agriculture College VANGO Vanuatu Association of NGOs VARTC Vanuatu Agriculture Research and Technical Centre VCCI Vanuatu Chamber of Commerce and Industry VFD Vanuatu Fisheries Department VIPA Vanuatu Investment Promotion Authority VKS Vanuatu Cultural Centre VMC Vanuatu Maritime College VMGD Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department VNCC Vanuatu National Cultural Council VNSO Vanuatu National Statistics Office VPMU Vanuatu Project Management Unit VREP Vanuatu Rural Electrification Project 50 Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030

Vanuatu National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 2016-2030

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النص

1.1 — Environment and Development Context 5

1.2 — Rationale for the National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 5

1.3 — Formulating the National Environment Policy and Implementation Plan 6

2.1 — Introduction 7

2.2 — Policy Goals 7

2.3 — Guiding Principles 8

3.1 — Policy Objective 1 9

4.1 — Policy Objective 2 10

5.1 — Policy Objective 3: 11

6.1 — Policy Objective 4 12

7.1 — Policy Objective 5 13

8.1 — Policy Objective 6 14

9.1 — Policy Objective 7 15