Noxious Weed Regulations (7 CFR 360.100-360.600)

542 7 CFR Ch. III (1–1–18 Edition) § 357.1 AUTHORITY: 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.2(d). SOURCE: 78 FR 40944, July 9, 2013, unless otherwise noted. § 357.1 Purpose and scope. The Lacey Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.), makes it unlawful to, among other things, import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or pur chase in interstate or foreign com merce any plant, with some limited ex ceptions, taken, possessed, transported or sold in violation of any Federal, State, tribal, or foreign law that pro tects plants. The Lacey Act also makes it unlawful to make or submit any false record, account, or label for, or any false identification of, any plant covered by the Act. In addition, the Act requires that importers submit a declaration at the time of importation for plants and plant products. Common cultivars (except trees) and common food crops are among the categorical exclusions to the provisions of the Act. The Act does not define the terms ‘‘common cultivar’’ and ‘‘common food crop’’ but instead gives authority to the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of the Inte rior to define these terms by regula tion. The regulations in this part pro vide the required definitions. § 357.2 Definitions. Artificial selection. The process of se lecting plants for particular traits, through such means as breeding, cloning, or genetic modification. Commercial scale. Production, in indi vidual products or markets, that is typical of commercial activity, regard less of the production methods or amount of production of a particular facility or the purpose of an individual shipment. Common cultivar. A plant (except a tree) that: (1) Has been developed through artifi cial selection for specific morpho logical or physiological characteris tics; and (2) Is a species or hybrid, or a selec tion thereof, that is produced on a commercial scale; and (3) Is not listed: (i) In an appendix to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (27 UST 1087; TIAS 8249); (ii) As an endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); or (iii) Pursuant to any State law that provides for the conservation of species that are indigenous to the State and are threatened with extinction. Common food crop. A plant that: (1) Is raised, grown, or cultivated for human or animal consumption; and (2) Is a species or hybrid, or a selec tion thereof, that is produced on a commercial scale; and (3) Is not listed: (i) In an appendix to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (27 UST 1087; TIAS 8249); (ii) As an endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); or (iii) Pursuant to any State law that provides for the conservation of species that are indigenous to the State and are threatened with extinction. Plant. Any wild member of the plant kingdom, including roots, seeds, parts or products thereof, and including trees from either natural or planted forest stands. Tree. A woody perennial plant that has a well-defined stem or stems and a continuous cambium, and that exhibits true secondary growth. PART 360—NOXIOUS WEED REGULATIONS Sec. 360.100 Definitions. 360.200 Designation of noxious weeds. 360.300 Notice of restrictions on movement of noxious weeds. 360.301 Information required for applica tions for permits to move noxious weeds. 360.302 Consideration of applications for permits to move noxious weeds. 360.303 Approval of an application for a per mit to move a noxious weed; conditions specified in permit. 360.304 Denial of an application for a permit to move a noxious weed; revocation of a permit to move a noxious weed. 360.305 Disposal of noxious weeds when per mits are revoked. 360.400 Treatments. 360.500 Petitions to add a taxon to the nox ious weed list. VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00552 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 543 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 360.200 1 One or more of the common names of weeds are given in parentheses after most scientific names to help identify the weeds represented by such scientific names; how ever, a scientific name is intended to include all subordinate taxa within the taxon. For example, taxa listed at the genus level in clude all species, subspecies, varieties, and forms within the genus; taxa listed at the species level include all subspecies, varieties, and forms within the species. 360.501 Petitions to remove a taxon from the noxious weed lists. 360.600 Preemption of State and local laws. AUTHORITY: 7 U.S.C. 7701–7772 and 7781–7786; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. § 360.100 Definitions. As used in this part, words in the sin gular form shall be deemed to import the plural and vice versa, as the case may require. Administrator. The Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, or any individual authorized to act for the Administrator. APHIS. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States De partment of Agriculture. Department. The U.S. Department of Agriculture. Interstate. From one State into or through any other State; or within the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, or any other territory or possession of the United States. Move. To carry, enter, import, mail, ship, or transport; to aid, abet, cause, or induce the carrying, entering, im porting, mailing, shipping, or trans porting; to offer to carry, enter, im port, mail, ship, or transport; to re ceive to carry, enter, import, mail, ship, or transport; to release into the environment; or to allow any of the ac tivities described in this definition. Noxious weed. Any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (in cluding nursery stock or plant prod ucts), livestock, poultry, or other in terests of agriculture, irrigation, navi gation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment. Permit. A written authorization, in cluding by electronic methods, by the Administrator to move plants, plant products, biological control organisms, plant pests, noxious weeds, or articles under conditions prescribed by the Ad ministrator. Person. Any individual, partnership, corporation, association, joint venture, or other legal entity. Plant Protection and Quarantine Pro grams. The Plant Protection and Quar antine Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the De partment. Responsible person. The person who has control over and will maintain con trol over the movement of the noxious weed and assure that all conditions contained in the permit and require ments in this part are complied with. A responsible person must be at least 18 years of age and must be a legal resi dent of the United States or designate an agent who is at least 18 years of age and a legal resident of the United States. State. Any of the several States of the United States, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, or any other territory or possession of the United States. Taxon (taxa). Any grouping within botanical nomenclature, such as fam ily, genus, species, or cultivar. Through the United States. From and to places outside the United States. United States. All of the States. [41 FR 49988, Nov. 12, 1976, as amended at 75 FR 68953, Nov. 102, 2010] § 360.200 Designation of noxious weeds. The Administrator has determined that it is necessary to designate the following plants 1 as noxious weeds to prevent their introduction into the United States or their dissemination within the United States: (a) Aquatic and wetland weeds: Azolla pinnata R. Brown (mosquito fern, water velvet) Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh, Medi terranean strain (killer algae) Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth Hydrilla verticillata (Linnaeus f.) Royle (hydrilla) VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00553 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 544 7 CFR Ch. III (1–1–18 Edition) § 360.200 Hygrophila polysperma T. Anderson (Miramar weed) Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal (water-spinach, swamp morning-glory) Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume (ambulia) Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cavanilles) S.T. Blake Monochoria hastata (Linnaeus) Solms Laubach Monochoria vaginalis (Burman f.) C. Presl Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus (arrowhead) Salvinia auriculata Aublet (giant salvinia) Salvinia biloba Raddi (giant salvinia) Salvinia herzogii de la Sota (giant salvinia) Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (giant salvinia) Solanum tampicense Dunal (wetland nightshade) Sparganium erectum Linnaeus (exotic bur reed) (b) Parasitic weeds: Aeginetia spp. Alectra spp. Cuscuta spp. (dodders), other than following species: Cuscuta americana Linnaeus Cuscuta applanata Engelmann Cuscuta approximata Babington Cuscuta attenuata Waterfall Cuscuta boldinghii Urban Cuscuta brachycalyx (Yuncker) Yuncker Cuscuta californica Hooker & Arnott Cuscuta campestris Yuncker Cuscuta cassytoides Nees ex Engelmann Cuscuta ceanothi Behr Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelmann Cuscuta compacta Jussieu Cuscuta coryli Engelmann Cuscuta cuspidata Engelmann Cuscuta decipiens Yuncker Cuscuta dentatasquamata Yuncker Cuscuta denticulata Engelmann Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Cuscuta epithymum (Linnaeus) Linnaeus Cuscuta erosa Yuncker Cuscuta europaea Linnaeus Cuscuta exaltata Engelmann Cuscuta fasciculata Yuncker Cuscuta glabrior (Engelmann) Yuncker Cuscuta globulosa Bentham Cuscuta glomerata Choisy Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow Cuscuta harperi Small Cuscuta howelliana Rubtzoff Cuscuta indecora Choisy Cuscuta leptantha Engelmann Cuscuta mitriformis Engelmann Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth Cuscuta odontolepis Engelmann Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann Cuscuta planiflora Tenore Cuscuta plattensis A. Nelson Cuscuta polygonorum Engelmann Cuscuta rostrata Shuttleworth ex Engelmann & Gray Cuscuta runyonii Yuncker Cuscuta salina Engelmann Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy Cuscuta squamata Engelmann Cuscuta suaveolens Seringe Cuscuta suksdorfii Yuncker Cuscuta tuberculata Brandegee Cuscuta umbellata Kunth Cuscuta umbrosa Beyrich ex Hooker Cuscuta veatchii Brandegee Cuscuta warneri Yuncker Orobanche spp. (broomrapes), other than the following species: Orobanche bulbosa (Gray) G. Beck Orobanche californica Schlechtendal & Chamisso Orobanche cooperi (Gray) Heller Orobanche corymbosa (Rydberg) Ferris Orobanche dugesii (S. Watson) Munz Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall Orobanche multicaulis Brandegee Orobanche parishii (Jepson) Heckard Orobanche pinorum Geyer ex Hooker Orobanche uniflora Linnaeus Orobanche valida Jepson Orobanche vallicola (Jepson) Heckard Striga spp. (witchweeds) (c) Terrestrial weeds: Acacia nilotica (Linnaeus) Wildenow ex Delile (gum arabic tree, thorny acacia Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) King & Rob inson (crofton weed) Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King and H. Robinson (creeping croftonweed, mistflower) Alternanthera sessilis (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex de Candolle (sessile joyweed) Arctotheca calendula (Linnaeus) Levyns (capeweed) Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus (onionweed) Avena sterilis Linnaeus (including Avena ludoviciana Durieu) (animated oat, wild oat) Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieberstein (wild safflower) Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retzius) Trinius (pilipiliula) Commelina benghalensis Linnaeus (Benghal dayflower) Crupina vulgaris Cassini (common crupina) Digitaria abyssinica (Hochstetter ex A. Rich ard) Stapf (African couchgrass, fingergrass) Digitaria velutina (Forsskal) Palisot de Beauvois (velvet fingergrass, annual couchgrass) Drymaria arenariodes Humboldt & Bonpland ex J.A. Schultes (lightning weed) Emex australis Steinheil (three-cornered jack) Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera (devil’s thorn) Euphorbia terracina Linnaeus (false caper, Geraldton carnation weed) VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00554 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 545 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 360.300 Galega officinalis Linnaeus (goatsrue) Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (giant hogweed) Imperata brasiliensis Trinius (Brazilian satintail) Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois (cogongrass) Inula britannica Linnaeus (British elecam pane, British yellowhead) Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury (murainograss) Leptochloa chinensis (Linnaeus) Nees (Asian sprangletop) Lycium ferocissimum Miers (African boxthorn) Lygodium flexuosum (Linnaeus) Swartz (maid enhair creeper) Lygodium microphyllum (Cavanilles) R. Brown (Old World climbing fern) Melastoma malabathricum Linnaeus Mikania cordata (Burman f.) B. L. Robinson (mile-a-minute) Mikania micrantha Kunth Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright (giant sensitive plant) Mimosa pigra Linneaus var. pigra (catclaw mimosa) Moraea collina Thunberg (apricot Cape-tulip) Moraea flaccida (Sweet) Steudel (one-leaf Cape-tulip) Moraea miniata Andrews (two-leaf Cape-tulip) Moraea ochroleuca (Salisbury) Drapiez (red Cape-tulip) Moraea pallida (Baker) Goldblatt (yellow Cape-tulip) Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hackel ex Arechavaleta (serrated tussock) Onopordum acaulon Linnaeus (stemless this tle) Onopordum illyricum Linnaeus (Illyrian this tle) Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley (jointed prickly pear) Oryza longistaminata A. Chevalier & Roehrich (red rice) Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steudel (red rice) Oryza rufipogon Griffith (red rice) Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus (Kodo-mil let) Pennisetum clandestinum Hochstetter ex Chiovenda (kikuyugrass) Pennisetum macrourum Trinius (African feathergrass) Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius (kyasumagrass) Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes (missiongrass, thin napiergrass) Prosopis alpataco R. A. Philippi Prosopis argentina Burkart Prosopis articulata S. Watson Prosopis burkartii Munoz Prosopis caldenia Burkart Prosopis calingastana Burkart Prosopis campestris Griseback Prosopis castellanosii Burkart Prosopis denudans Bentham Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart Prosopis farcta (Banks & Solander) J.F. Macbride Prosopis ferox Grisebach Prosopis fiebrigii Harms Prosopis hassleri Harms Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott Prosopis kuntzei Harms Prosopis pallida (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Kunth Prosopis palmeri S. Watson Prosopis reptans Bentham var. reptans Prosopis rojasiana Burkart Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart Prosopis ruscifolia Grisebach Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham Prosopis torquata (Cavanilles ex Lagasca y Segura) de Candolle Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton Rubus fruticosus Linnaeus (complex) (wild blackberry) Rubus moluccanus Linnaeus (wild raspberry) Saccharum spontaneum Linnaeus (wild sugar cane) Salsola vermiculata Linnaeus (wormleaf salsola) Senecio inaequidens DC. (South African ragwort) Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Madagascar ragwort) Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. pallidefusca (Schumach.) B.K. Simon (cat tail grass) Solanum torvum Swartz (turkeyberry) Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple) Spermacoce alata Aublet Tridax procumbens Linnaeus (coat buttons) Urochloa panicoides Beauvois (liverseed grass) [48 FR 20039, May 4, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 25223, June 20, 1984; 57 FR 8838, Mar. 13, 1992; 60 FR 35832, July 12, 1995; 64 FR 12883, Mar. 16, 1999; 65 FR 33743, May 25, 2000; 66 FR 21060, Apr. 27, 2001; 71 FR 35381, June 20, 2006; 74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009; 75 FR 68953, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.300 Notice of restrictions on movement of noxious weeds. No person may move a Federal nox ious weed into or through the United States, or interstate, unless: (a) He or she applies for a permit to move a noxious weed in accordance with § 360.301; (b) The permit application is ap proved; and (c) The movement is consistent with the specific conditions contained in the permit. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579–0054) [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00555 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 546 7 CFR Ch. III (1–1–18 Edition) § 360.301 2 Information on applying for a permit to import a noxious weed into the United States is available at http:// www.aphis.usda.gov/plantlhealth/permits/ plantproducts.shtml. 3 Information on applying for a permit to move a noxious weed interstate is available at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plantlhealth/per mits/plantproducts.shtml. § 360.301 Information required for ap plications for permits to move nox ious weeds. (a) Permit to import a noxious weed into the United States. A responsible person must apply for a permit to import a noxious weed into the United States.2 The application must include the fol lowing information: (1) The responsible person’s name, ad dress, telephone number, and (if avail able) e-mail address; (2) The taxon of the noxious weed; (3) Plant parts to be moved; (4) Quantity of noxious weeds to be moved per shipment; (5) Proposed number of shipments per year; (6) Origin of the noxious weeds; (7) Destination of the noxious weeds; (8) Whether the noxious weed is es tablished in the State of destination; (9) Proposed method of shipment; (10) Proposed port of first arrival in the United States; (11) Approximate date of arrival; (12) Intended use of the noxious weeds; (13) Measures to be employed to pre vent danger of noxious weed dissemina tion; and (14) Proposed method of final disposi tion of the noxious weeds. (b) Permit to move noxious weeds inter state. A responsible person must apply for a permit to move a noxious weed interstate. 3 The application must in clude the following information: (1) The responsible person’s name, ad dress, telephone number, and (if avail able) e-mail address; (2) The taxon of the noxious weed; (3) Plant parts to be moved; (4) Quantity of noxious weeds to be moved per shipment; (5) Proposed number of shipments per year, (6) Origin of the noxious weeds; (7) Destination of the noxious weeds; (8) Whether the noxious weed is es tablished in the State of destination; (9) Proposed method of shipment, (10) Approximate date of movement; (11) Intended use of the noxious weeds; (12) Measures to be employed to pre vent danger of noxious weed dissemina tion; and (13) Proposed method of final disposi tion of the noxious weeds. (c) Permits to move noxious weeds through the United States. Permits to move noxious weeds through the United States must be obtained in ac cordance with part 352 of this chapter. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.302 Consideration of applications for permits to move noxious weeds. Upon the receipt of an application made in accordance with § 360.301 for a permit for movement of a noxious weed into the United States or interstate, the Administrator will consider the ap plication on its merits. (a) Consultation. The Administrator may consult with other Federal agen cies or entities, States or political sub divisions of States, national govern ments, local governments in other na tions, domestic or international orga nizations, domestic or international as sociations, and other persons for views on the danger of noxious weed dissemi nation into the United States, or inter state, in connection with the proposed movement. (b) Inspection of premises. The Admin istrator may inspect the site where noxious weeds are proposed to be han dled in connection with or after their movement under permit to determine whether existing or proposed facilities will be adequate to prevent noxious weed dissemination if a permit is issued. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.303 Approval of an application for a permit to move a noxious weed; conditions specified in per mit. The Administrator will approve or deny an application for a permit to move a noxious weed. If the application is approved, the Administrator will VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00556 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 547 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 360.305 issue the permit including any condi tions that the Administrator has deter mined are necessary to prevent dis semination of noxious weeds into the United States or interstate. Such con ditions may include requirements for inspection of the premises where the noxious weed is to be handled after its movement under the permit, to deter mine whether the facilities there are adequate to prevent noxious weed dis semination and whether the conditions of the permit are otherwise being ob served. Before the permit is issued, the Administrator will require the respon sible person to agree in writing to the conditions under which the noxious weed will be safeguarded. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.304 Denial of an application for a permit to move a noxious weed; rev ocation of a permit to move a nox ious weed. (a) The Administrator may deny an application for a permit to move a nox ious weed when the Administrator de termines that: (1) No safeguards adequate or appro priate to prevent dissemination of the noxious weed can be implemented; or (2) The destructive potential of the noxious weed, should it escape despite proposed safeguards, outweighs the probable benefits to be derived from the proposed movement and use of the noxious weed; or (3) The responsible person, or the re sponsible person’s agent, as a previous permittee, failed to maintain the safe guards or otherwise observe the condi tions prescribed in a previous permit and failed to demonstrate the ability or intent to observe them in the future; or (4) The movement could impede an APHIS eradication, suppression, con trol, or regulatory program; or (5) A State plant regulatory official objects to the issuance of the permit on the grounds that granting the permit will pose a risk of dissemination of the noxious weed into the State; or (6) The application for the permit contains information that is found to be materially false, fraudulent, or de ceptive; or (7) APHIS may deny a permit to a person who has previously failed to comply with any APHIS regulation. (b) The Administrator may revoke any outstanding permit when: (1) After the issuance of the permit, information is received that con stitutes cause for the denial of an ap plication for permit under paragraph (a) of this section; or (2) The responsible person has not maintained the safeguards or otherwise observed the conditions specified in the permit. (c) If a permit is orally revoked, APHIS will provide the reasons for the withdrawal of the permit in writing within 10 days. Any person whose per mit has been revoked or any person who has been denied a permit may ap peal the decision in writing to the Ad ministrator within 10 days after receiv ing the written notification of the rev ocation or denial. The appeal must state all of the facts and reasons upon which the person relies to show that the permit was wrongfully revoked or denied. The Administrator will grant or deny the appeal, in writing, stating the reasons for the decision as prompt ly as circumstances allow. If there is a conflict as to any material fact, a hear ing will be held to resolve the conflict. Rules of practice concerning such a hearing will be adopted by the Admin istrator. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 79 FR 19812, Apr. 10, 2014] § 360.305 Disposal of noxious weeds when permits are revoked. When a permit for the movement of a noxious weed is revoked by the Admin istrator and not reinstated under § 360.304(c), further movement of the noxious weed covered by the permit into or through the United States, or interstate, is prohibited unless author ized by another permit. The responsible person must arrange for disposal of the noxious weed in question in a manner that the Administrator determines is adequate to prevent noxious weed dis semination. The Administrator may seize, quarantine, treat, apply other re medial measures to, destroy, or other wise dispose of, in such manner as the Administrator deems appropriate, any noxious weed that is moved without VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00557 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 548 7 CFR Ch. III (1–1–18 Edition) § 360.400 4 Criteria for the approval of heat treat ment facilities are contained in part 305 of this chapter. compliance with any conditions in the permit or after the permit has been re voked whenever the Administrator deems it necessary in order to prevent the dissemination of any noxious weed into or within the United States. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 79 FR 19812, Apr. 10, 2014] § 360.400 Treatments. (a) Seeds of Guizotia abyssinica (niger seed) are commonly contaminated with noxious weed seeds listed in § 360.200, including (but not limited to) Cuscuta spp. Therefore, Guizotia abyssinica seeds may be imported into the United States only if: (1) They are treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter at the time of arrival at the port of first ar rival in the United States; or (2) They are treated prior to ship ment to the United States at a facility that is approved by APHIS 4 and that operates in compliance with a written agreement between the treatment fa cility owner and the plant protection service of the exporting country, in which the treatment facility owner agrees to comply with the provisions of § 319.37–6 and allow inspectors and rep resentatives of the plant protection service of the exporting country access to the treatment facility as necessary to monitor compliance with the regula tions. Treatments must be certified in accordance with the conditions de scribed in § 319.37–13(c) of this chapter. (b) [Reserved] [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.500 Petitions to add a taxon to the noxious weed list. A person may petition the Adminis trator to have a taxon added to the noxious weeds lists in § 360.200. Details of the petitioning process for adding a taxon to the lists are available on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ plantlhealth/plantlpestlinfo/weeds/ downloads/listingguide.pdf. Persons who submit a petition to add a taxon to the noxious weed lists must provide their name, address, telephone number, and (if available) e-mail address. Persons who submit a petition to add a taxon to the noxious weed lists are encour aged to provide the following informa tion, which can help speed up the re view process and help APHIS deter mine whether the specified plant taxon should be listed as a noxious weed: (a) Identification of the taxon. (1) The taxon’s scientific name and author; (2) Common synonyms; (3) Botanical classification; (4) Common names; (5) Summary of life history; (6) Native and world distribution; (7) Distribution in the United States, if any (specific States, localities, or Global Positioning System coordi nates); (8) Description of control efforts, if established in the United States; and (9) Whether the taxon is regulated at the State or local level. (b) Potential consequences of the taxon’s introduction or spread. (1) The taxon’s habitat suitability in the United States (predicted ecological range); (2) Dispersal potential (biological characteristics associated with invasiveness); (3) Potential economic impacts (e.g., potential to reduce crop yields, lower commodity values, or cause loss of markets for U.S. goods); and (4) Potential environmental impacts (e.g., impacts on ecosystem processes, natural community composition or structure, human health, recreation patterns, property values, or use of chemicals to control the taxon). (c) Likelihood of the taxon’s introduc tion or spread. (1) Potential pathways for the taxon’s movement into and within the United States; and (2) The likelihood of survival and spread of the taxon within each path way. (d) List of references. [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.501 Petitions to remove a taxon from the noxious weed lists. A person may petition the Adminis trator to remove a taxon from the nox ious weeds lists in § 360.200. Details of the petitioning process for removing a taxon from the lists are available at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plantlhealth/ VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00558 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R 549 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA § 361.1 plantlpestlinfo/weeds/downloads/ delistingguide.pdf. Persons who submit a petition to remove a taxon from the noxious weed lists would be required to provide their name, address, telephone number, and (if available) e-mail ad dress. Persons who submit a petition to remove a taxon from the noxious weed lists are encouraged to provide the fol lowing information, which can help speed up the review process and help APHIS determine whether the specified plant taxon should not be listed as a noxious weed: (a) Evidence that the species is dis tributed throughout its potential range or has spread too far to implement ef fective control. (b) Evidence that control efforts have been unsuccessful and further efforts are unlikely to succeed. (c) For cultivars of a listed noxious weed, scientific evidence that the cultivar has a combination of risk ele ments that result in a low pest risk. For example, the cultivar may have a narrow habitat suitability, low dis persal potential, evidence of sterility, inability to cross-pollinate with intro duced wild types, or few if any poten tial negative impacts on the economy or environment of the United States. (d) List of references. [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.600 Preemption of State and local laws. (a) Under section 436 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7756), a State or political subdivision of a State may not regulate in foreign commerce any noxious weed in order to control it, eradicate it, or prevent its dissemina tion. A State or political subdivision of a State also may not impose prohibi tions or restrictions upon the move ment in interstate commerce of nox ious weeds if the Secretary has issued a regulation or order to prevent the dis semination of the noxious weed within the United States. The only exceptions to this are: (1) If the prohibitions or restrictions issued by the State or political subdivi sion of a State are consistent with and do not exceed the regulations or orders issued by the Secretary; or (2) If the State or political subdivi sion of a State demonstrates to the Secretary and the Secretary finds that there is a special need for additional prohibitions or restrictions based on sound scientific data or a thorough risk assessment. (b) Therefore, in accordance with sec tion 436 of the Plant Protection Act, the regulations in this part preempt all State and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with or exceed the regulations in this part unless a special need request has been granted in accordance with the regulations in §§ 301.1 through 301.13 of this chapter. [74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009. Redesignated at 75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] PART 361—IMPORTATION OF SEED AND SCREENINGS UNDER THE FEDERAL SEED ACT Sec. 361.1 Definitions. 361.2 Preemption of State and local laws; general restrictions on the importation of seed and screenings. 361.3 Declarations and labeling. 361.4 Inspection at the port of first arrival. 361.5 Sampling of seeds. 361.6 Noxious weed seeds. 361.7 Special provisions for Canadian-origin seed and screenings. 361.8 Cleaning of imported seed and proc essing of certain Canadian-origin screenings. 361.9 Recordkeeping. 361.10 Costs and charges. AUTHORITY: 7 U.S.C. 1581–1610; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. SOURCE: 62 FR 48460, Sept. 16, 1997, unless otherwise noted. § 361.1 Definitions. Terms used in the singular form in this part shall be construed as the plu ral, and vice versa, as the case may de mand. The following terms, when used in this part, shall be construed, respec tively, to mean: Administrator. The Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspec tion Service, U.S. Department of Agri culture, or any other individual to whom the Administrator delegates au thority to act in his or her stead. Agricultural seed. The following kinds and varieties of grass, forage, and field crop seed that are used for seeding pur poses in the United States: VerDate Sep<11>2014 09:24 Feb 15, 2018 Jkt 244016 PO 00000 Frm 00559 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\244016.XXX 244016ns ha ttu ck o n D S K 9F 9S C 42 P R O D w ith C F R