50 CFR § 648.320-648.323 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States — Management Measures for the NE Skate Complex Fisheries

1012 50 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–22 Edition) § 648.320 (iii) If the Regional Administrator does not concur with the MAFMC’s rec ommendation, the MAFMC will be no tified in writing of the reasons for the non-concurrence. (b) Emergency action. Nothing in this section is meant to derogate from the authority of the Secretary to take emergency action under section 305(e) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act. [76 FR 60648, Sept. 29, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 81850, Dec. 29, 2011; 80 FR 37199, June 30, 2015; 82 FR 52861, Nov. 15, 2017] Subpart O—Management Meas ures for the NE Skate Com plex Fisheries SOURCE: 68 FR 49701, Aug. 19, 2003, unless otherwise noted. § 648.320 Skate FMP review and moni toring. (a) Annual review and specifications process. The Council, its Skate Plan De velopment Team (PDT), and its Skate Advisory Panel shall monitor the sta tus of the fishery and the skate re sources. (1) The Skate PDT shall meet at least annually to review the status of the species in the skate complex. At a minimum, this review shall include an nual updates to survey indices, fishery landings and discards; a re-evaluation of stock status based on the updated survey indices and the FMP’s over fishing definitions; and a determina tion of whether any of the account ability measures specified under § 648.323 were triggered. The review shall also include an analysis of changes to other FMPs (e.g., Northeast Multispecies, Monkfish, Atlantic Scal lops, etc.) that may impact skate stocks, and describe the anticipated impacts of those changes on the skate fishery. (2) If new and/or additional informa tion becomes available, the Skate PDT shall consider it during this annual re view. Based on this review, the Skate PDT shall provide guidance to the Skate Committee and the Council re garding the need to adjust measures in the Skate FMP to better achieve the FMP’s objectives. After considering guidance, the Council may submit to NMFS its recommendations for changes to management measures, as appropriate, through the specifications process described in this section, the framework process specified in § 648.321, or through an amendment to the FMP. (3) For overfished skate species, the Skate PDT and the Council shall mon itor the trawl survey index as a proxy for stock biomass. As long as the 3 year average of the appropriate weight per tow increases above the average for the previous 3 years, it is assumed that the stock is rebuilding to target levels. If the 3-year average of the appropriate survey mean weight per tow declines below the average for the previous 3 years, then the Council shall take man agement action to ensure that stock rebuilding will achieve target levels. (4) Based on the annual review de scribed above and/or the Stock Assess ment and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) Report described in paragraph (b) of this section, recommendations for ac ceptable biological catch (ABC) from the Scientific and Statistical Com mittee, and any other relevant infor mation, the Skate PDT shall rec ommend to the Skate Committee and Council the following annual specifica tions for harvest of skates: An annual catch limit (ACL) for the skate com plex set less than or equal to ABC; an annual catch target (ACT) for the skate complex set less than or equal to 90 percent of the ACL; and total allow able landings (TAL) necessary to meet the objectives of the FMP in each fish ing year (May 1–April 30), specified for a period of up to 2 fishing years. (5) Recommended measures. The Skate PDT shall also recommend manage ment measures to the Skate Com mittee and Council to assure that the specifications are not exceeded. Rec ommended measures should include, but are not limited to: (i) Possession limits in each fishery; (ii) In-season possession limit trig gers for the wing and/or bait fisheries; (iii) Required adjustments to in-sea son possession limit trigger percent ages or the ACL–ACT buffer, based on the accountability measures specified at § 648.323; and (iv) Changes, as appropriate, to the SBRM, including the CV-based per formance standard, the means by 1013 Fishery Conservation and Management § 648.321 which discard data are collected/ob tained, fishery stratification, the proc ess for prioritizing observer sea-day al locations, reports, and/or industry funded observers or observer set aside programs. (6) Taking into account the annual review and/or SAFE Report described in paragraph (b) of this section, the ad vice of the Scientific and Statistical Committee, and any other relevant in formation, the Skate PDT may also recommend to the Skate Committee and Council changes to stock status de termination criteria and associated thresholds based on the best scientific information available, including infor mation from peer-reviewed stock as sessments of the skate complex and its component species. These adjustments may be included in the Council’s speci fications for the skate fisheries. (7) Council recommendation. The Coun cil shall review the recommendations of the Skate PDT, Skate Committee, and Scientific and Statistical Com mittee, any public comment received thereon, and any other relevant infor mation, and make a recommendation to the Regional Administrator on ap propriate specifications and any meas ures necessary to assure that the speci fications will not be exceeded. The Council’s recommendation must in clude supporting documentation, as ap propriate, concerning the environ mental, economic, and social impacts of the recommendations. The Regional Administrator shall consider the rec ommendations and publish a rule in the FEDERAL REGISTER proposing speci fications and associated measures, con sistent with the Administrative Proce dure Act. The Regional Administrator may propose specifications different than those recommended by the Coun cil. If the specifications published in the FEDERAL REGISTER differ from those recommended by the Council, the reasons for any differences must be clearly stated and the revised speci fications must satisfy the criteria set forth in this section, the FMP, and other applicable laws. If the final speci fications are not published in the FED ERAL REGISTER for the start of the fish ing year, the previous year’s specifica tions shall remain in effect until super seded by the final rule implementing the current year’s specifications, to en sure that there is no lapse in regula tions while new specifications are com pleted. (b) Biennial SAFE Report—(1) The Skate PDT shall prepare a biennial Stock Assessment and Fishery Evalua tion (SAFE) Report for the NE skate complex. The SAFE Report shall be the primary vehicle for the presentation of all updated biological and socio-eco nomic information regarding the NE skate complex and its associated fish eries. The SAFE Report shall provide source data for any adjustments to the management measures that may be needed to continue to meet the goals and objectives of the FMP. (2) In any year in which a SAFE Re port is not completed by the Skate PDT, the annual review process de scribed in paragraph (a) of this section shall be used to recommend any nec essary adjustments to specifications and/or management measures in the FMP. [75 FR 34058, June 16, 2010, as amended at 80 FR 37199, June 30, 2015; 84 FR 4375, Feb. 15, 2019] § 648.321 Framework adjustment proc ess. (a) Adjustment process. To implement a framework adjustment for the Skate FMP, the Council shall develop and analyze proposed actions over the span of at least two Council meetings (the initial meeting agenda must include notification of the impending proposal for a framework adjustment) and pro vide advance public notice of the avail ability of both the proposals and the analyses. Opportunity to provide writ ten and oral comments shall be pro vided throughout the process before the Council submits its recommenda tions to the Regional Administrator. (1) Council review and analyses. In re sponse to the annual review, or at any other time, the Council may initiate action to add or adjust management measures if it finds that action is nec essary to meet or be consistent with the goals and objectives of the Skate FMP. After a framework action has been initiated, the Council shall de velop and analyze appropriate manage ment actions within the scope of meas ures specified in paragraph (b) of this 1014 50 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–22 Edition) § 648.321 section. The Council shall publish no tice of its intent to take action and provide the public with any relevant analyses and opportunity to comment on any possible actions. Documenta tion and analyses for the framework adjustment shall be available at least 1 week before the final meeting. (2) Council recommendation. After de veloping management actions and re ceiving public testimony, the Council may make a recommendation to the Regional Administrator. The Council’s recommendation shall include sup porting rationale, an analysis of im pacts required under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and a recommendation to the Regional Administrator on whether to issue the management measures as a final rule. If the Council recommends that the framework measures should be issued directly as a final rule, without opportunity for public notice and com ment, the Council shall consider at least the following factors and provide support and analysis for each factor considered: (i) Whether the availability of data on which the recommended manage ment measures are based allows for adequate time to publish a proposed rule, and whether regulations have to be in place for an entire harvest/fishing season; (ii) Whether there has been adequate notice and opportunity for participa tion by the public and members of the affected industry in the development of the Council’s recommended manage ment measures; (iii) Whether there is an immediate need to protect the resource or to im pose management measures to resolve gear conflicts; and (iv) Whether there will be a con tinuing evaluation of management measures adopted following their im plementation as a final rule. (3) The Regional Administrator may publish the recommended framework measures in the FEDERAL REGISTER. If the Council’s recommendation is first published as a proposed rule and the Regional Administrator concurs with the Council’s recommendation after re ceiving additional public comment, the measures shall then be published as a final rule in the FEDERAL REGISTER. (4) If the Regional Administrator ap proves the Council’s recommendations, the Secretary may, for good cause found under the standard of the Admin istrative Procedure Act, waive the re quirement for a proposed rule and op portunity for public comment in the FEDERAL REGISTER. The Secretary, in so doing, shall publish only the final rule. Submission of recommendations does not preclude the Secretary from deciding to provide additional oppor tunity for prior notice and comment in the FEDERAL REGISTER. (5) The Regional Administrator may approve, disapprove, or partially ap prove the Council’s recommendation. If the Regional Administrator does not approve the Council’s specific rec ommendation, the Regional Adminis trator must notify the Council in writ ing of the reasons for the action prior to the first Council meeting following publication of such decision. (b) Possible framework adjustment measures. Measures that may be changed or implemented through framework action, provided that any corresponding management adjust ments can also be implemented through a framework adjustment, in clude: (1) Skate permitting and reporting; (2) Skate overfishing definitions and related targets and thresholds; (3) Prohibitions on possession and/or landing of individual skate species; (4) Skate possession limits; (5) Skate closed areas (and consider ation of exempted gears and fisheries); (6) Seasonal skate fishery restric tions and specifications; (7) Target TACs for individual skate species; (8) Hard TACs/quotas for skates, in cluding species-specific quotas, fishery quotas, and/or quotas for non-directed fisheries; (9) Establishment of a mechanism for TAC set-asides to conduct scientific re search, or for other reasons; (10) Onboard observer requirements; (11) Gear modifications, require ments, restrictions, and/or prohibi tions; (12) Minimum and/or maximum sizes for skates; (13) Adjustments to exemption area requirements, area coordinates, and/or 1015 Fishery Conservation and Management § 648.322 management lines established by the FMP; (14) Measures to address protected species issues, if necessary; (15) Description and identification of EFH; (16) Description and identification of habitat areas of particular concern; (17) Measures to protect EFH; (18) OY and/or MSY specifications; (19) Changes to the accountability measures described at § 648.323; (20) Changes to TAL allocation pro portions to the skate wing and bait fisheries; (21) Changes to seasonal quotas in the skate bait or wing fisheries; (22) Reduction of the baseline 25-per cent ACL–ACT buffer to less than 25 percent; (23) Changes to catch monitoring pro cedures; and (24) Changes, as appropriate, to the SBRM, including the CV-based per formance standard, the means by which discard data are collected/ob tained, fishery stratification, the proc ess for prioritizing observer sea-day al locations, reports, and/or industry funded observers or observer set aside programs. (c) Emergency action. Nothing in this section is meant to derogate from the authority of the Secretary to take emergency action under section 305(c) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act. [75 FR 34059, June 16, 2010, as amended at 80 FR 37199, June 30, 2015] § 648.322 Skate allocation, possession, and landing provisions. (a) Allocation of TAL. (1) A total of 66.5 percent of the annual skate com plex TAL shall be allocated to the skate wing fishery. All skate products that are landed in wing form, for the skate wing market, or classified by Federal dealers as food as required under § 648.7(a)(1)(i), shall count against the skate wing fishery TAL. The an nual skate wing fishery TAL shall be allocated in two seasonal quota periods as follows: (i) Season 1—May 1 through August 31, 57 percent of the annual skate wing fishery TAL shall be allocated; (ii) Season 2—September 1 through April 30, the remainder of the annual skate wing fishery TAL not landed in Season 1 shall be allocated. (2) A total of 33.5 percent of the an nual TAL shall be allocated to the skate bait fishery. All skate products that are landed for the skate bait mar ket, or classified by Federal dealers as bait as required under § 648.7(a)(1)(i), shall count against the skate bait fish ery TAL. The annual skate bait fishery TAL shall be allocated in three sea sonal quota periods as follows: (i) Season 1–May 1 through July 31, 30.8 percent of the annual skate bait fishery TAL shall be allocated; (ii) Season 2–August 1 through Octo ber 31, 37.1 percent of the annual skate bait fishery TAL shall be allocated; and (iii) Season 3–November 1 through April 30, the remainder of the annual skate bait fishery TAL not landed in Seasons 1 or 2 shall be allocated. (b) Skate wing possession and landing limits—(1) Vessels fishing under an Atlan tic sea scallop, NE multispecies, or monkfish DAS. (i) A vessel or operator of a vessel that has been issued a valid Federal skate permit under this part, and fishes under an Atlantic sea scal lop, NE multispecies, or monkfish DAS as specified at §§ 648.53, 648.82, and 648.92, respectively, unless otherwise exempted under § 648.80 or paragraph (c) of this section, may fish for, possess, and/or land up to the allowable trip limits specified as follows: Up to 3,000 lb (1,361 kg) of skate wings (6,810 lb (3,089 kg) whole weight) per trip in Sea son 1 (May 1 through August 31), and 5,000 lb (2,268 kg) of skate wings (11,350 lb (5,148 kg) whole weight) per trip in Season 2 (September 1 through April 30), or any prorated combination of the allowable landing forms defined at paragraph (b)(5) of this section. (ii) When fishing under the possession limits specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, a vessel is allowed to pos sess and land up to 750 lb (340 kg) of barndoor skate wings (1,702 lb (772 kg) whole weight) per trip in Season 1, and 1,250 lb (567 kg) of barndoor skate wings (2,837 lb (1,287 kg) whole weight) per trip in Season 2. The possession limits for barndoor skate wings are included within the overall possession limit (i.e., total pounds of skate wings on board, including barndoor skate wings, are 1016 50 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–22 Edition) § 648.322 not allowed to exceed 3,000 lb (1,361 kg) in Season 1 and 5,000 lb (2,268 kg) in Season 2). Vessels are prohibited from discarding any skate wings when in possession of barndoor skate wings. Barndoor skate wings and carcasses on board a vessel subject to this posses sion limit must be separated from other species of fish and stored so as to be readily available for inspection. (2) NE multispecies Category B DAS. A vessel fishing on a declared NE multi species Category B DAS described under § 648.85(b), is limited to no more than 220 lb (100 kg) of skate wings (500 lb (227 kg) whole weight) per trip, or any prorated combination of the allow able landing forms defined at para graph (b)(5) of this section. These ves sels may not possess or land barndoor skate, or any other prohibited skate species (see § 648.14(v)(2) and paragraph (g) of this section). (3) In-season adjustment of skate wing possession limits. The Regional Adminis trator has the authority, through a no tice in the FEDERAL REGISTER con sistent with the Administrative Proce dure Act, to reduce the skate wing pos session limit to 500 lb (227 kg) of skate wings (1,135 lb (515 kg) whole weight) or any prorated combination of the allow able landing forms defined at para graph (b)(5) of this section) for the re mainder of the applicable quota season. When the incidental possession limit is implemented, a vessel is allowed to possess and land up to 125 lb (57 kg) of barndoor skate wings (284 lb (129 kg) whole weight) per trip. The possession limits for barndoor skate wings are in cluded within the overall possession limit (i.e., total pounds of skate wings on board, including barndoor skate wings, are not allowed to exceed 500 lb). Vessels are prohibited from discarding any skate wings when in possession of barndoor skate wings. Barndoor skate wings and carcasses on board a vessel subject to this possession limit must be separated from other species of fish and stored so as to be readily available for inspection. The in-season adjustment of skate wing possession limits will be implemented under the following cir cumstances: (i) When 85 percent of the Season 1 skate wing quota is projected to be landed between May 1 and August 17, the Regional Administrator shall re duce the skate wing possession limit to the incidental level described in para graph (b)(3) of this section. (ii) When 85 percent of the Season 1 skate wing quota is projected to be landed between August 18 and August 31, the Regional Administrator may re duce the skate wing possession limit to the incidental level described in para graph (b)(3) of this section. (iii) When 85 percent of the annual skate wing fishery TAL is projected to be landed in Season 2, the Regional Ad ministrator may reduce the skate wing possession limit to the incidental level described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, unless such a reduction would be expected to prevent attainment of the annual TAL. (4) Incidental possession limit for vessels not under a DAS. A vessel issued a Fed eral skate permit that is not fishing under an Atlantic sea scallop, NE multispecies, or monkfish DAS as spec ified at §§ 648.53, 648.82, and 648.92, re spectively, or is a limited access multi species vessel participating in an ap proved sector described under § 648.87 but not fishing on one of the DAS spec ified at § 648.53, § 648.82, or § 648.92, may retain up to 500 lb (227 kg) of skate wings or 1,135 lb (515 kg) of whole skate, or any prorated combination of the allowable landing forms defined at paragraph (b)(5) of this section. These vessels may not possess or land barndoor skate, or any other prohib ited skate species (see § 648.14(v)(2) and paragraph (g) of this section). (5) Allowable forms of skate landings. Except for vessels fishing under a skate bait letter of authorization as specified at paragraph (c) of this section, a ves sel may possess and/or land skates as wings only (wings removed from the body of the skate and the remaining carcass discarded), wings with associ ated carcasses possessed separately (wings removed from the body of the skate but the associated carcass re tained on board the vessel), or in whole (intact) form, or any combination of the three, provided that the weight of the skate carcasses on board the vessel does not exceed 1.27 times the weight of skate wings on board. When any com bination of skate wings, carcasses, and 1017 Fishery Conservation and Management § 648.322 whole skates are possessed and/or land ed, the applicable possession or landing limit shall be based on the whole weight limit, in which any wings are converted to whole weight using the wing to whole weight conversion factor of 2.27. For example, if the vessel pos sesses 100 lb (45.4 kg) of skate wings, the whole weight equivalent would be 227 lb (103.0 kg) of whole skates (100 lb (45.4 kg) × 2.27), and the vessel could possess up to 127 lb (57.6 kg) of skate carcasses (100 lb (45.4 kg) of skate wings × 1.27). A vessel may not possess and/or land skate carcasses and only whole skates. (c) Bait Letter of Authorization (LOA). A skate vessel owner or operator under this part may request and receive from the Regional Administrator an exemp tion from the skate wing possession limit restrictions for a minimum of 7 consecutive days, provided that when the vessel is fishing pursuant to the terms of authorization at least the fol lowing requirements and conditions are met: (1) The vessel owner or operator ob tains and retains onboard the vessel a valid LOA. LOAs are available upon re quest from the Regional Adminis trator. (2) The vessel owner or operator fishes for, possesses, or lands skates only for use as bait. (3) The vessel owner or operator pos sesses or lands no more than 25,000 lb (11,340 kg) of whole skates per trip. (4) The vessel owner or operator pos sesses or lands only whole skates less than 23 inches (58.42 cm) total length, and does not possess or land any skate wings. (5) Vessels that choose to possess or land skate wings during the participa tion period of this letter of authoriza tion must comply with possession limit restrictions under paragraph (b) of this section for all skates or skate parts on board. Vessels possessing skate wings in compliance with the possession limit restrictions under paragraph (b) of this section may fish for, possess, or land skates for uses other than bait. (6) The vessel owner or operator com plies with the transfer at sea require ments at § 648.13(h). (d) In-season adjustment of skate bait possession limits. When the Regional Ad ministrator projects that 90 percent of the skate bait fishery seasonal quota has been landed in Seasons 1 or 2, or 80 percent of the annual skate bait fish ery TAL has been landed, the Regional Administrator shall, through a notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER consistent with the Administrative Procedure Act, reduce the skate bait trip limit to 8,000 lb (3,629 kg) of whole skates for the remainder of the quota period, un less such a reduction would be expected to prevent attainment of the seasonal quota or annual TAL. (e) In-season closure of skate bait fish ery. When the Regional Administrator projects that 100 percent of the skate bait fishery TAL will be landed, the Regional Administrator shall, through a notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER con sistent with the Administrative Proce dure Act, close the skate bait fishery, unless such a closure would be expected to prevent attainment of the annual TAL. During a skate bait fishery clo sure all skate bait LOAs as described in paragraph (c) of this section are void. All skates harvested and landed during a skate bait fishery closure will be at tributed towards the skate-wing TAL as described in this section. (f) Removal of in-season possession limit reductions. If it is determined that an in-season trip limit reduction as de scribed in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section could prohibit the skate bait fishery from achieving its annual TAL, the in-season possession limit reduc tion may be removed. (g) Prohibitions on possession of skates. A vessel fishing in the EEZ portion of the Skate Management Unit may not: (1) Retain, possess, or land thorny skates taken in or from the EEZ por tion of the Skate Management Unit. (2) Retain, possess, or land barndoor skates taken in or from the EEZ por tion of the skate management unit when fishing under a bait letter of au thorization as described in paragraph (c) of this section; when fishing under a NE multispecies Category B DAS as de scribed under paragraph (b) of this sec tion; when fishing under the incidental skate possession limit for vessels not under a DAS as described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or when fishing in a NE multispecies DAS exemption pro gram that allows the possession of 1018 50 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–22 Edition) § 648.323 skate or skate parts in an amount not to exceed 10 percent by weight of all other species on board, as specified in § 648.80(b)(3)(ii), without a NE multispe cies or monkfish DAS. (3) Discard any skate wings when in possession of barndoor skate wings. (4) Retain, possess, or land smooth skates taken in or from the GOM RMA described at § 648.80(a)(1)(i). [75 FR 34060, June 16, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 28331, May 17, 2011; 77 FR 25100, Apr. 27, 2012; 81 FR 54747, Aug. 17, 2016; 83 FR 6135, Feb. 13, 2018; 83 FR 48988, Sept. 28, 2018; 85 FR 23242, Apr. 27, 2020] § 648.323 Accountability measures. (a) TAL overages. If the skate wing fishery TAL or skate bait fishery TAL is determined to have been exceeded by more than 5 percent in any given year based upon, but not limited to, avail able landings information, the Re gional Administrator shall reduce the in-season possession limit trigger for that fishery, as specified at § 648.322(b) and (d), in the next fishing year by 1 percent for each 1 percent of TAL over age, consistent with the Administra tive Procedure Act. (b) ACL overages. (1) If the ACL is de termined to have been exceeded in any given year, based upon, but not limited to, available landings and discard in formation, the percent buffer between ACL and ACT shall be increased by 1 percent for each 1-percent ACL overage in the second fishing year following the fishing year in which the ACL overage occurred, through either the specifica tions or framework adjustment process described under §§ 648.320 and 648.321. (2) If the Council fails to initiate ac tion to correct an ACL overage through the specifications or frame work adjustment process, consistent with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the Regional Administrator shall im plement the required adjustment, as described under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, consistent with the Adminis trative Procedure Act. [75 FR 34061, June 16, 2010, as amended at 84 FR 4376, Feb. 15, 2019] Subpart P—Mid-Atlantic Forage Species SOURCE: 82 FR 40733, Aug. 28, 2017, unless otherwise noted. § 648.350 Mid-Atlantic forage species landing limits. (a) Mid-Atlantic forage species. There is no annual landing limit for Mid-At lantic forage species, as defined at § 648.2. (b) [Reserved] [82 FR 40733, Aug. 28, 2017, as amended at 85 FR 47117, Aug. 4, 2020] § 648.351 Mid-Atlantic forage species possession limits. (a) Mid-Atlantic forage species. Unless otherwise prohibited in § 648.80, a vessel issued a valid commercial permit in ac cordance with § 648.4 may fish for, pos sess, and land up to 1,700 lb (771.11 kg) of all Mid-Atlantic forage species com bined per trip in or from the EEZ por tion of the Mid-Atlantic Forage Spe cies Management Unit, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section. A vessel not issued a permit in accordance with § 648.4 that is fishing exclusively in state waters is exempt from the posses sion limits specified in this section. (b) Mid-Atlantic Forage Species Man agement Unit. The Mid-Atlantic Forage Species Management Unit is the area of the Atlantic Ocean that is bounded on the southeast by the outer limit of the U.S. EEZ; bounded on the south by 35°15.3′ N lat. (the approximate latitude of Cape Hatteras, NC); bounded on the west and north by the coastline of the United States; and bounded on the northeast by the following points, con nected in the order listed by straight lines: Point Latitude Longitude 1 .................................. 40°59.32′ N 73°39.62′ W 2 .................................. 40°59.02′ N 73°39.41′ W 3 .................................. 40°57.05′ N 73°36.78′ W 4 .................................. 40°57.87′ N 73°32.85′ W 5 .................................. 40°59.78′ N 73°23.70′ W 6 .................................. 41°1.57′ N 73°15.00′ W 7 .................................. 41°3.40′ N 73°6.10′ W 8 .................................. 41°4.65′ N 73°0.00′ W 9 .................................. 41°6.67′ N 72°50.00′ W 10 ................................ 41°8.69′ N 72°40.00′ W 11 ................................ 41°10.79′ N 72°29.45′ W 12 ................................ 41°12.22′ N 72°22.25′ W 13 ................................ 41°13.57′ N 72°15.38′ W 14 ................................ 41°14.94′ N 72°8.35′ W 15 ................................ 41°15.52′ N 72°5.41′ W