50 CFR § 27.11 - 27.97 - The National Wildlife Refuge System - Prohibited Acts

269 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior Pt. 27 and for periodic review of compat ibility determinations. We will usually complete compatibility determinations as part of the comprehensive conserva tion plan or step-down management plan process for individual uses, spe cific use programs, or groups of related uses described in the plan. We will make all compatibility determinations in writing. (a) What information do we include in a compatibility determination? All com patibility determinations will include the following information: (1) The proposed or existing use; (2) The name of the national wildlife refuge; (3) The authorities used to establish the national wildlife refuge; (4) The purpose(s) of the national wildlife refuge; (5) The National Wildlife Refuge Sys tem mission; (6) The nature and extent of the use including the following: (i) What is the use? Is the use a pri ority public use?; (ii) Where would the use be con ducted?; (iii) When would the use be con ducted?; (iv) How would the use be con ducted?; and (v) Why is the use being proposed?. (7) An analysis of costs for admin istering and managing each use; (8) The anticipated impacts of the use on the national wildlife refuge’s pur poses and the National Wildlife Refuge System mission; (9) The amount of opportunity for public review and comment provided; (10) Whether the use is compatible or not compatible (does it or will it mate rially interfere with or detract from the fulfillment of the National Wildlife Refuge System mission or the pur pose(s) of the national wildlife refuge); (11) Stipulations necessary to ensure compatibility; (12) A logical explanation describing how the proposed use would, or would not, materially interfere with or de tract from the fulfillment of the Na tional Wildlife Refuge System mission or the purpose(s) of the national wild life refuge; (13) The Refuge Manager’s signature and date signed; and (14) The Regional Chief’s concurrence signature and date signed. (15) The mandatory 10- or 15-year re evaluation date. (b) Making a use compatible through re placement of lost habitat values or other compensatory mitigation. We will not allow compensatory mitigation to make a proposed refuge use compat ible, except by replacement of lost habitat values as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. If we cannot make the proposed use compatible with stip ulations we cannot allow the use. (c) Existing right-of-ways. We will not make a compatibility determination and will deny any request for mainte nance of an existing right-of-way which will affect a unit of the National Wild life Refuge System, unless: the design adopts appropriate measures to avoid resource impacts and includes provi sions to ensure no net loss of habitat quantity and quality; restored or re placement areas identified in the de sign are afforded permanent protection as part of the national wildlife refuge or wetland management district af fected by the maintenance; and all res toration work is completed by the ap plicant prior to any title transfer or re cording of the easement, if applicable. Maintenance of an existing right-of way includes minor expansion or minor realignment to meet safety standards. (d) Termination of uses that are not compatible. When we determine an ex isting use is not compatible, we will ex peditiously terminate or modify the use to make it compatible. Except with written authorization by the Director, this process of termination or modi fication will not exceed 6 months from the date that the compatibility deter mination is signed. [65 FR 62482, Oct. 18, 2000] PART 27—PROHIBITED ACTS Subpart A—Introduction Sec. 27.11 Purpose of regulations. Subpart B—Taking Violations 27.21 General provisions. VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00279 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 270 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–23 Edition) § 27.11 Subpart C—Disturbing Violations: With Vehicles 27.31 General provisions regarding vehicles. 27.32 Boats. 27.33 Water skiing. 27.34 Aircraft. Subpart D—Disturbing Violations: With Weapons 27.41 General provisions. 27.42 Firearms. 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. Subpart E—Disturbing Violations: Against Plants and Animals 27.51 Disturbing, injuring, and damaging plants and animals. 27.52 Introduction of plants and animals. Subpart F—Disturbing Violations: Against Nonwildlife Property 27.61 Destruction or removal of property. 27.62 Search for and removal of objects of antiquity. 27.63 Search for and removal of other valued objects. 27.64 Prospecting and mining. 27.65 Tampering with vehicles and equip ment. Subpart G—Disturbing Violations: Filming, Photography, and Light and Sound Equipment 27.71 Commercial filming and still photog raphy and audio recording. 27.72 Audio equipment. 27.73 Artificial lights. Subpart H—Disturbing Violations: Personal Conduct 27.81 Alcoholic beverages. 27.82 Possession and delivery of controlled substances. 27.83 Indecency and disorderly conduct. 27.84 Interference with persons engaged in authorized activities. 27.85 Gambling. 27.86 Begging. Subpart I—Other Disturbing Violations 27.91 Field trials. 27.92 Private structures. 27.93 Abandonment of property. 27.94 Disposal of waste. 27.95 Fires. 27.96 Advertising. 27.97 Private operations. AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 685, 752, 690d; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 460l–6d, 664, 668dd, 685, 690d, 715i, 715s, 725; 43 U.S.C. 315a. SOURCE: 41 FR 9168, Mar. 3, 1976, unless oth erwise noted. Subpart A—Introduction § 27.11 Purpose of regulations. The regulations in this part 27 govern those acts by the public which are pro hibited at all times except as per mitted in this part, part 26, and part 25, subpart D—Permits. [42 FR 56954, Oct. 31, 1977] Subpart B—Taking Violations § 27.21 General provisions. No person shall take any animal or plant on any national wildlife refuge, except as authorized under 50 CFR 27.51 and parts 31, 32, and 33 of this sub chapter C. Subpart C—Disturbing Violations: With Vehicles § 27.31 General provisions regarding vehicles. Travel in or use of any motorized or other vehicles, including those used on air, water, ice, snow, is prohibited on national wildlife refuges except on des ignated routes of travel, as indicated by the appropriate traffic control signs or signals and in designated areas post ed or delineated on maps by the refuge manager and subject to the following requirements and limitations: (a) Unless specifically covered by the general and special regulations set forth in this chapter, the laws and reg ulations of the State within whose ex terior boundaries a national wildlife refuge or portion thereof is located shall govern traffic and the operation and use of vehicles. Such State laws and regulations which are now or may hereafter be in effect are hereby adopt ed and made a part of the regulations in this part. (b) No operator of a vehicle shall be under the influence of intoxicating beverages or controlled substances. (c) Driving or operating any vehicle carelessly or heedlessly, or in willful or wanton disregard for the rights or safe ty of other persons, or without due care or at a speed greater than is reasonable VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00280 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 271 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior § 27.31 and prudent under prevailing condi tions, having regard to traffic, weath er, wildlife, road, and light conditions, and surface, width, and character of the travel way is prohibited. Every op erator shall maintain such control of the vehicle as may be necessary to avoid danger to persons or property or wildlife. (d) The vehicle speed limit shall not exceed 25 m.p.h. except as otherwise le gally posted. (e)(1) Every motor vehicle shall at all time be equipped with a muffler in good working order, and which cannot be removed or otherwise altered while the vehicle is being operated on a na tional wildlife refuge. To prevent ex cessive or unusual noise no person shall use a muffler cut-out, bypass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle. A vehicle that produces unusual or exces sive noise or visible pollutants is pro hibited. (2) A refuge manager, by posting of appropriate signs or by marking on a map which shall be available at the ref uge headquarters, may require that any motor vehicle operating in the des ignated area shall be equipped with a spark arrestor that meets Standard 5100–1a of the U.S. Forest Service, De partment of Agriculture which stand ard includes the requirements that such spark arrestor shall have an effi ciency to retain or destroy at least 80 percent of carbon particles, for all flow rates, and that such spark arrestor has been warranted by its manufacturer as meeting the above mentioned effi ciency requirement for at least 1,000 hours, subject to normal use, with maintenance and mounting in accord ance with the manufacturers rec ommendations. (f) The operation of a vehicle which does not bear valid license plates and is not properly certified, registered, or in spected in accordance with applicable State laws is prohibited. (g) Driving or permitting another person to drive a vehicle without valid license is prohibited. A valid driver’s or operator’s license must be displayed upon the request of any authorized offi cial. (h) Stopping, parking or leaving any vehicle, whether attended or unat tended, upon any road, trail, or fire lane so as to obstruct the free move ment of other vehicles is prohibited, except in the event of accident or other conditions beyond the immediate con trol of the operator, or as otherwise di rected by an authorized official. (i) All persons shall obey the lawful order or signal of any authorized offi cial directing, controlling, or regu lating the movement of traffic. (j) Load, weight and width limita tions, as may be necessary, shall be prescribed and the public advised under provisions of § 25.31. Such limitations must be complied with by the opera tors of all vehicles. (k) A motor vehicle involved in an accident is not to be moved until an authorized official arrives at the scene of the accident, unless such vehicle constitutes a traffic or safety hazard. (l) A motor vehicle shall not be oper ated at anytime without proper brakes and brake lights, or from sunset to sunrise without working headlights and taillights which comply with the regulations for operation on the roads of the State within whose boundaries the refuge is located. (m) If the refuge manager determines that electric bicycle (also known as e bike) use is a compatible use on roads or trails, any person using an e-bike where the motor is not used exclu sively to propel the rider for an ex tended period of time shall be afforded all of the rights and privileges, and be subject to all of the duties, of the oper ators of nonmotorized bicycles on roads and trails. An e-bike is a two- or three-wheeled electric bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of not more than 750 watts (1 h.p.) that meets the requirements of one of the following three classes: (1) Class 1 e-bike shall mean an elec tric bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour. (2) Class 2 e-bike shall mean an elec tric bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of pro viding assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour. (3) Class 3 e-bike shall mean an elec tric bicycle equipped with a motor that VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00281 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 272 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–23 Edition) § 27.32 provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour. (n) Such other requirements which are established under the provisions of this subchapter C. [41 FR 9168, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 85 FR 69235, Nov. 2, 2020] § 27.32 Boats. (a) The use of boats in national wild life refuges is prohibited except as may be authorized under and subject to the requirements set forth below. (b) When the use of boats is per mitted on any national wildlife refuge, the public will be notified under the provisions of this subchapter C and the following operational requirements and limitations will apply: (1)(i) In addition to the regulations contained in this part, the U.S. Coast Guard Regulations, titles 33 and 46 CFR, are applicable on navigable waters of the United States. (ii) Unless specifically covered by the general and special regulations set forth in this chapter, the laws and reg ulations of the State within whose ex terior boundaries a national wildlife refuge or portion thereof is located shall govern boating and the operation and use of boats. Such laws and regula tions which are now or may hereafter be in effect are hereby adopted and made a part of the regulations in this part. (2) No operator or person in charge of any boat shall operate or knowingly permit any other person to operate a boat in a reckless or negligent manner, or in a manner so as to endanger or be likely to endanger any person, prop erty or wildlife. (3) No person shall operate or be in actual physical control of a boat while under the influence of intoxicating beverages or controlled substances. (4) No person shall operate a boat in a manner which will unreasonably interfere with other boats or with free and proper navigation of the water ways of the areas. Anchoring in heavily traveled channels or main thorough fares shall constitute such interference if unreasonable in the prevailing cir cumstances. (5) No person shall operate a boat on refuge waters that has a marine head (toilet) unless it conforms to Environ mental Protection Agency regulations regarding sewage discharge. (6) Every sailboat when underway from sunset to sunrise shall carry and exhibit a bright white light visible all around the horizon for a distance of two miles. (7) Leaving any boat unattended, out side of designated mooring or beaching areas, for a period in excess of 72 hours without written permission of the ref uge manager is prohibited and any boat so left may be impounded by the refuge manager. (8) Government-owned docks, piers, and floats are not to be used for load ing and unloading of boats, except in emergencies or unless specifically au thorized by the refuge manager. § 27.33 Water skiing. When water skiing is permitted upon national wildlife refuge waters, the public will be notified under the provi sions of this subchapter C and the fol lowing requirements and limitations will apply: (a) Water skiing is permitted only during daylight hours and during peri ods posted or otherwise designated under the provisions of this subchapter C. (b) When a skier is in ‘‘tow’’ there must be two persons in the boat at all times, with one person not operating the boat, acting as an observer of the skier in tow. (c) The direction of a tow boat when circling will be counter clockwise. (d) Skiers must wear U.S. Coast Guard approved ski belts, life jackets or buoyant vests. (e) Water skiing is prohibited within 300 feet of harbors, swimming beaches, and mooring areas, and within 100 feet of any designated swimming area. § 27.34 Aircraft. The unauthorized operation of air craft, including sail planes, and hang gliders, at altitudes resulting in har assment of wildlife, or the unauthor ized landing or take-off on a national wildlife refuge, except in an emer gency, is prohibited. National wildlife VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00282 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 273 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior § 27.63 refuge boundaries are designated on up date FAA aeronautical charts. Subpart D—Disturbing Violations: With Weapons § 27.41 General provisions. Carrying, possessing, or discharging firearms, fireworks, or explosives on national wildlife refuges is prohibited unless specifically authorized under the provisions of this subchapter C. § 27.42 Firearms. Only the following persons may pos sess, use, or transport firearms on na tional wildlife refuges in accordance with this section and applicable Fed eral and State law: (a) Persons using firearms for public hunting under the provisions of 50 CFR part 32. (b) Persons carrying unloaded fire arms, that are dismantled or cased, in vehicles and boats over routes of travel designated under the provision of sub chapter C. (c) Persons authorized to use fire arms for the taking of specimens of wildlife for scientific purposes. (d) Persons authorized by special reg ulations or permits to possess or use firearms for the protection of property, for field trials, and other special pur poses. (e) Notwithstanding any other provi sion in this Chapter, persons may pos sess, carry, and transport concealed, loaded, and operable firearms within a national wildlife refuge in accordance with the laws of the state in which the wildlife refuge, or that portion thereof, is located, except as otherwise prohib ited by applicable Federal law. [46 FR 47230, Sept. 25, 1981, as amended at 73 FR 74971, Dec. 10, 2008] § 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs, or other weapons on national wildlife refuges is prohibited except as may be authorized under the provision of this subchapter C. [46 FR 47230, Sept. 25, 1981] Subpart E—Disturbing Violations: Against Plants and Animals § 27.51 Disturbing, injuring, and dam aging plants and animals. (a) Disturbing, injuring, spearing, poisoning, destroying, collecting or at tempting to disturb, injure, spear, poi son, destroy or collect any plant or animal on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited except by special permit unless otherwise permitted under this subchapter C. (b) [Reserved] § 27.52 Introduction of plants and ani mals. Plants and animals or their parts taken elsewhere shall not be intro duced, liberated, or placed on any na tional wildlife refuge except as author ized. Subpart F—Disturbing Violations: Against Nonwildlife Property § 27.61 Destruction or removal of prop erty. The destruction, injury, defacement, disturbance, or the unauthorized re moval of any public property including natural objects or private property on or from any national wildlife refuge is prohibited. § 27.62 Search for and removal of ob jects of antiquity. No person shall search for or remove from national wildlife refuges objects of antiquity except as may be author ized by 43 CFR part 3. § 27.63 Search for and removal of other valued objects. (a) No person shall search for buried treasure, treasure trove, valuable semi precious rocks, stones, or mineral specimens on national wildlife refuges unless authorized by permit or by pro vision of this subchapter C. (b) Permits are required for archeo logical studies on national wildlife ref uges in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter C. (c) Permits are required for the col lection of paleontological resources on VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00283 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 274 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–23 Edition) § 27.64 national wildlife refuges in accordance with the provisions of 43 CFR part 49. [41 FR 9168, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 87 FR 47329, Aug. 2, 2022] § 27.64 Prospecting and mining. Prospecting, locating, or filing min ing claims on national wildlife refuges is prohibited unless otherwise provided by law. See § 29.31 for provisions con cerning mineral leasing. [41 FR 9168, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979] § 27.65 Tampering with vehicles and equipment. Tampering with, entering, or start ing any motor vehicle, boat, equipment or machinery or attempting to tamper with, enter, or start any motor vehicle, boat, equipment or machinery on any national wildlife refuge without proper authorization is prohibited. Subpart G—Disturbing Violations: Filming, Photography, and Light and Sound Equipment § 27.71 Commercial filming and still photography and audio recording. (a) We authorize commercial filming and still photography on national wild life refuges under the provisions of 43 CFR part 5. (b) Audio recording does not require a permit unless: (1) It takes place at location(s) where or when members of the public are not allowed; (2) It uses equipment that cannot be carried or held by one person; (3) It uses equipment that requires an external power source; or (4) We would incur additional admin istrative costs to provide management and oversight of the permitted activity to: (i) Avoid unacceptable impacts and impairment to wildlife or resource val ues; (ii) Minimize health or safety risks to the visiting public (c) Failure to comply with any provi sion of 43 CFR part 5 is a violation of this section. (d) The location fee schedule for still photography conducted according to a permit issued under 43 CFR part 5 will apply to audio recording permits issued under this part. (e) We will collect and retain cost re covery charges associated with proc essing permit requests and monitoring the permitted activities. (f) Information collection. A Federal agency may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information, unless it dis plays a currently valid Office of Man agement and Budget (OMB) control number. The information collection re quirements contained in this section have been approved by the OMB under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned con trol number 1018–0102. The information is being collected to provide agency managers data necessary to issue per mits and grant administrative benefits. The obligation to respond is required to obtain or retain a benefit. You may send comments on this information collection requirement to the Informa tion Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1849 C Street NW., Mailstop 2042–PDM, Washington, DC 20240. [78 FR 52097, Aug. 22, 2013] § 27.72 Audio equipment. The operation or use of audio devices including radios, recording and play back devices, loudspeakers, television sets, public address systems and musi cal instruments so as to cause unrea sonable disturbance to others in the vi cinity is prohibited. § 27.73 Artificial lights. No unauthorized person shall use or direct the rays of a spotlight or other artificial light, or automotive head lights for the purpose of spotting, lo cating, or taking any animal within the boundaries of any national wildlife refuge or along rights-of-way for public or private roads within a national wild life refuge. Subpart H—Disturbing Violations: Personal Conduct § 27.81 Alcoholic beverages. Entering or remaining in any na tional wildlife refuge when under the influence of alcohol, to a degree that may endanger oneself or other persons VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00284 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 275 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior § 27.94 or property or unreasonably annoy per sons in the vicinity, is prohibited. § 27.82 Possession and delivery of con trolled substances. (a) Definitions for the purpose of this section: (1) The term controlled substance means a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedules I, II, III, IV, or V of part B of the Controlled Substance Act (21 U.S.C. 812) or any drug or substance added to these schedules pursuant to the terms of the Controlled Substance Act. (2) The term practitioner means a phy sician, dentist, veterinarian, scientific investigator, pharmacist, or other per son licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted by the United States or the jurisdiction in which he practices to distribute or possess a controlled sub stance in the course of professional practice. (3) The term delivery means the ac tual, attempted or constructive trans fer and/or distribution of a controlled substance, whether or not there exists an agency relationship. (b) Offenses. (1) The delivery of any controlled substance on a national wildlife refuge is prohibited, except that distributed by a practitioner in accordance with applicable law. (2) The possession of a controlled sub stance on a national wildlife refuge is prohibited unless such substance was obtained by the possessor directly, or pursuant to a valid prescription or order, from a practitioner acting in the course of his professional practice, or except as otherwise authorized by ap plicable law. (3) Presence in a national wildlife ref uge when under the influence of a con trolled substance to a degree that may endanger oneself, or another person, or property, or may cause unreasonable interference with another person’s en joyment of a national wildlife refuge is prohibited. § 27.83 Indecency and disorderly con duct. Any act of indecency or disorderly conduct as defined by State or local laws is prohibited on any national wildlife refuge. § 27.84 Interference with persons en gaged in authorized activities. Disturbing, molesting, or interfering with any employee of the United States or of any local or State govern ment engaged in official business, or with any private person engaged in the pursuit of an authorized activity on any national wildlife refuge is prohib ited. § 27.85 Gambling. Gambling in any form, or the oper ation of gambling devices, for money or otherwise, on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited. § 27.86 Begging. Begging on any national wildlife ref uge is prohibited. Soliciting of funds for the support or assistance of any cause or organization is also prohibited unless properly authorized. Subpart I—Other Disturbing Violations § 27.91 Field trials. The conducting or operation of field trials for dogs on national wildlife ref uges is prohibited except as may be au thorized by special permit. § 27.92 Private structures. No person shall without proper au thority construct, install, occupy, or maintain any building, log boom, pier, dock, fence, wall, pile, anchorage, or other structure or obstruction in any national wildlife refuge. § 27.93 Abandonment of property. Abandoning, discarding, or otherwise leaving any personal property in any national wildlife refuge is prohibited. § 27.94 Disposal of waste. (a) The littering, disposing, or dump ing in any manner of garbage, refuse sewage, sludge, earth, rocks, or other debris on any national wildlife refuge except at points or locations des ignated by the refuge manager, or the draining or dumping of oil, acids, pes ticide wastes, poisons, or any other types of chemical wastes in, or other wise polluting any waters, water holes, VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00285 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R 276 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–23 Edition) § 27.95 streams or other areas within any na tional wildlife refuge is prohibited. (b) Persons using a national wildlife refuge shall comply with the sanitary requirements established under the provisions of this subchapter C for each individual refuge; the sanitation provi sions which may be included in leases, agreements, or use permits, and all ap plicable Federal and State laws. § 27.95 Fires. On all national wildlife refuges per sons are prohibited from the following: (a) Setting on fire or causing to be set on fire any timber, brush, grass, or other inflammable material including camp or cooking fires, except as au thorized by the refuge manager or at locations designated for that purpose or as provided for under § 26.33(c) of this subchapter C. (b) Leaving a fire unattended or not completely extinguished; (c) Throwing a burning cigarette, match, or other lighted substance from any moving conveyance or throwing of same in any place where it may start a fire; and (d) Smoking on any lands, including roads, or in any buildings which have been designated and/or posted with no smoking signs. § 27.96 Advertising. Except as may be authorized, post ing, distributing, or otherwise dis playing private or public notices, ad vertisements, announcements, or dis plays of any kind in any national wild life refuge, other than business des ignations on private vehicles or boats is prohibited. § 27.97 Private operations. Soliciting business or conducting a commercial enterprise on any national wildlife refuge is prohibited except as may be authorized by special permit. PART 28—ENFORCEMENT, PENALTY, AND PROCEDURAL REQUIRE MENTS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUB CHAPTER C Subpart A—Introduction Sec. 28.11 Purpose of regulations. Subpart B—Enforcement Authority 28.21 General provisions. Subpart C—Penalty Provisions 28.31 General penalty provisions. 28.32 Penalty provisions concerning fires and timber. Subpart D—Impoundment Procedures 28.41 Impoundment of abandoned property. 28.42 Impounding of domestic animals. 28.43 Destruction of dogs and cats. AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 301; 16 U.S.C. 460k, 664, 668dd, 685, 690d, 715i, 725; 43 U.S.C. 315a. SOURCE: 41 FR 9171, Mar. 3, 1976, unless oth erwise noted. Subpart A—Introduction § 28.11 Purpose of regulations. The regulations in this part govern enforcement, penalty, and procedural requirements for violations of sub chapter C of this chapter. [81 FR 79970, Nov. 14, 2016] Subpart B—Enforcement Authority § 28.21 General provisions. Refuge managers and other author ized personnel are authorized pursuant to authority delegated from the Sec retary and which has been published in the FEDERAL REGISTER (Administrative Manual 4 AM 4.2) to protect fish and wildlife and their habitat and prevent their disturbance, to protect Service lands, property, facilities, or interests therein and to insure the safety of the using public to the fullest degree pos sible. The control of recreational use will be enforced to meet these purposes pursuant to Federal, State, and local laws and regulations: The provisions of this subchapter C and any special regu lations issued pursuant thereto; and the prohibitions and restrictions as posted. [41 FR 9171, Mar. 3, 1976, as amended at 44 FR 42976, July 23, 1979; 51 FR 7575, Mar. 5, 1986] VerDate Sep<11>2014 08:53 Feb 09, 2024 Jkt 259244 PO 00000 Frm 00286 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\259244.XXX 259244js pe ar s on D S K 12 1T N 23 P R O D w ith C F R