Puntland Disaster Management Policy, 2014

1 PUNTLAND DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY Siyaasadda Maaraynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka ee Puntland Government of Puntland SOMALIA Dawladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya Siyaasadda Maareynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka ee Puntland ee la Ansixiyey December 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag of Puntland.svg 2 3 HADMA Tusmada Qoraalka SIYAASADDA MAARAYNTA WAXYEELLADA MASIIBOOYINKA Contents SIYAASADDA MAARAYNTA WAXYEELLADA MASIIBOOYINKA 3 SIYAASADDA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA 4 GUUD MAR KOOBAN 4 QAYBTA 1AAD: HORDHAC 9 1.1 GOGOLDHIG 9 1.2 HAYKAL ARAGTIYEEDKA (CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK) 10 1.3 BAAHIDA LOO QABO DEJINTA SIYAASAD CAD 11 QAYBTA II: SIYAASADDA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA PUNTLAND 13 2.1 ASTAAMAHA MAAREYN MASIIBO OO WAX KU OOL AH WAA: 13 2.2. TIIRARKA SALDHIGGA U AH SIYAASADDA 13 2.3 HIMILADA SIYAADDAN 14 2.4 HADAFKA 14 2.5 UJEEDDOOYINKA SIYAASADDA 14 2.6 MABAADI’IDA GUUD 15 2.7 AKHLAAQIYAADKA SALDHIGGA U AH 16 QAYBTA III: QAABKA IYO ISTARAATIIJIYADA 17 3.1 MAARAYNTA WAXYELLADA MASIIBADA 17 3.2 HAWLAHA KA- HOR DHACDADA MASIIBADA 17 3.3. HAWLAHA WEJIGA WAX QABADKA / JAWAABIDDA 18 3.4. WEJIGA SOO KABASHADA IYO DIB-U-DHISKA 19 QAYBTA IV: SHURUUCDA IYO HAY’ADAHA 21 4.1. GOLAHA GURMADKA DEG DEGGA EE MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA (PDMC) 21 4.2 SHARCIYADDA SIYAASADA 21 4.3 HAYKALKA SHARCI 21 4.4 QAABDHISMEEDKA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA (SOO JEEDIN) 22 QAYBTA V: DUMIDDA HANTIDA IYO ILAALINTA U QOOLLAANTA 27 5.1 MAALIYADDA 27 5.2. SHAQAALE IYO AGAB 27 5.3 ABBABULKA SAHAYDA IYO SAADKA 28 5.4 KAABAYAASHA 28 5.5 ISGAARSIINTA 28 QAYBTA VI: LA SOCODKA IYO QIIMAYNTA. 29 I. LA SOCODKA BARNAAMIJKA MAARAYNTA WAYEELLLAD MASIIBOOYINKA 29 II: QIIMAYNTA BARNNAMIJKA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA 29 Annex I: Sharciga Asaaska HADMA Annex II: Dawrka iyo Mus‟uuliyada HADMA (Roles and Manadate of HADMA) Annex III: Sawiradii Kullamadii lagu ansixiyey siyaasaddan heer Degmo, Gobol iyo Dowlad dhexe. 4 DAWLADDA PUNTLAND EE SOOMAALIYEED SIYAASADDA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA GUUD MAR KOOBAN Sannadihii ugu dambeeyey ee la soo dhaafay, waxa Puntland soo maray tiro la shegi karo oo masiibooyin ah oo ama kasoo jeeda dabeecadda amaba dad sababay. Masiibooyinkaas, waxa ay la xiriireen Abaaro, daadad, ayax, waxyeello deegaan iyo cudurrada faafa. Soo noqnoqoshada dhacdooyinka masiibooyinka iyo welwelka isasoo tarayey ee saamayntoodu iyo weliba halista weyn ee faracyada badan leh ee kala soo gudboonatay dadka nugulka ah iyo kaabayaasha kala duwan ayaa waxa ay si weyn usoo jiidatay dareenka dawladda Puntland iyo hay‟adaha samafalkaba. Sidaas awgeed, ayaa waxaa soo ifbaxday baahida deg degga ah ee loo qabo dejinta siyaasaddii qeexi lahayd ka hortagga iyo u darbanaanta masiibooyinka iyo weliba nidaamkii ay ku shaqeyn lahaayeen hay‟adaha hawshaas fulin lahaa. Dareenka assaasiga ah ee la qabaa waxa uu yahay in ka hortagga iyo u darbanaanta masiibooyinku ay laf-dhabar u yihiin xakamaynta halista ka dhalan karta aafada. Waxaan shaki ku jirin in haddii culayska la saaro ka hortagga masiibooyinka ay baajineyso kharaj badan oo ku bixi lahaa maareyntooda, ayna bad-baadinayso naf iyo mal ku waxyeellobi lahaa. Sidaas darted, waxaa lagama maarmaan noqotay in hoggaanka dalka la hordhigo faaiidada weyn ee ay leedahay ka hortagga iyo weliba in arrinta la dhex geliyo barnaamijyada horumarinta ee dalka. Haddaba, siyaasadda maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka ee Puntland waxa ay ku qotontaa qaab-maarayneed masiibo oo isugu dheellitiran ka hortag, u darbanaan, khafiifin/yarayn iyo gurmad. Ujeeddada guud ee siyaasaddu waxa ay tahay in la helo degaan badbaada, gagsanna kara (adkaysan kara) iyada oo loo marayo adeegsiga aqoonta iyo isweydaarsiga xogta la xiriirta ka hortagga iyo mareynta masiibooyinka heer kasta oo la joogo. Si taas looga soo dhalaalo siyaasaddani: a) Waxa ay dhiirri gelineysaa in aqoonta la xiriirta ka hortagga iyo maaraynta masiibooyinka lagu daro manhajka waxbarashada toosan iyo tan dabanba ee dugsiyada dalka. Arrintaasi waxa ay dhinac, kor u qaadeysaa ku baraarugsanaanta dadka ee dhanka masiibooyinka. Dhanka kale, waxa ay suurto gelineysaa in go‟aannada laga qaadanayo yareynta khataruhu noqdaan kuwa la mahadiyo. b) Waxa ay arrimaha si gaar ah uga eegeysaa dhinaca jinsiga (Jenderka). Siyaasaddani, uma aragto haweenku in ay yihiin oo keliya kuwa ugu badan ee dhibtu kasoo gaarto masiibooyinka, waxa ayse kale oo u aqoonsan tahay in ay yihiin kuwa si xoog leh uga qayb qaata xasillonida iyo dhiirri gelinta xilliyada caalwaaga gurmadkana qayb weyn ka qaata. c) Waxa ay dhiirigelineysaa in dhaqanka kahortagga masiibooyinka dugsiyada lagu barto, saxaafaddu culeyska saarto, ayna si joogta ah u xusulduubaan hay‟adaha maaraynta masiibooyinku. d) Waxa ay dhiirrigelineysaa in aqoonta soo jireenka ah looga faaiideysto saadaasha masiibooyinka, ka digiddooda iyo hawlaha gurmadka. 5 Siyaasdaani waxa ay ka kooban tahay 6 qaybood oo lagu qeexayo wejiyada kala duwa ee wax laga qabanayo, hay‟adaha hawsha fulinaya qaab-dhismeedkooda. Sidoo kale, waxa ay siyaasaddani suuradeyneysaa masuuliyadaha kala duwan ee cidda horseedka u noqondoonta, fursadaha maal iyo haykal la fudeeyey oo hawlaha lagula socdo laguna qiimeeyo. Maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka waa in loo adeegsadaa dhinacya badan, waana masuuliyadda dhinacyada kala duwan ee ay arrintu saamayso. Siyaasaddani waxa ay hageysaa dhammaan wejiyada kala duwan ee maaraynta masiibooyinka, waxa ayna waafaqsan tahay mabaadi‟ida caalamiga ah ee maaraynta masiibooyinka ee kala ah:  Isdhexgelinta maaraynta masiibooyinka iyo qorshaha horumarinta  Wada shaqayn iyo isla socod wax ku ool ah  Dhisidda tayada waxqabad ee heerarka kala duwan  Madaxbannaani iyo xaqsoor  Oggolaansho sharci  Dhaqaale lagu wado  Kharaj wadaag Maaraynta masiibadu waxa ay isugu jireysaa saddex (3) weji ama marxaladood oo kala ah: I. Masiibada ka hor II. Masiibada dhexdeeda III. Masiibada kaddib Waxaa loo baahan yahay dedaallada mideysan ee daneeyayaasha ama bahwadaagta Shaqadu (Stakeholders) ee hoos ku qorani in ay noqdaan kuwo mira dhala: a. Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka Puntland ee ku meelgaarka b. HADMA c. Degaannada dhibtu gaartey d. Isutagga Laanqayrta Cas iyo Bisha Cas ( ICRC, SRCS) iwm e. Hay‟daha horumarinta f. Dawladda dhexe g. Maamullada kala duwan ee Dawladda h. Bulshada Rayadka ah i. Ganacsatada 6 j. Culamada Diinta HADMA ayaa qaadaneysa kaalinta xiriirinta ee dhammaan wejiyada kala duwan ee wax ka qabashada waxyeellada masiibooyinka iyada oo wakiil ka ah Xafiiska Madxweynaha. Daneeyayaasha kale waxa ay qaadan doonaan kaalimmada ama doorka loo igamado. Dhinaca haykalka hay‟adeed waxa ay siyaasaddani qeexeysaa: i. Qaab dhismeedka Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka (GMM)/Puntland Disaster Management Council (PDMC) iyo qaabdhismeedyada hay‟adaha kale ee maaraynta masiibooyinka ilaa heer gobol. ii. Awoodaha iyo xilalka HADMA iii. Dhaqaajinta qorshayaasha maaraynta masiibooyinka Si maaraynta masiibooyinka loogu helo maaliyad haqabtiran, waxa ay siyaasaddani ku talineysaa in maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka loo sameeyo ugu yaraan laba sanduuq maaliyadeed; mid heer Puntland ah iyo mid heer degmo ah. Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in la sameeyo sanduuq heer Puntland oo ay maamusho HADMA, go‟aanka kama dambaysta ahna uu bixiyo Madaxweynaha Puntland iyadoo waafajineysa shuruucda iyo qawaaniinta la dejiyey ee Maamulka Maaliyadda Dawladda. Sanduuqan waxaa la isugu geynayaa biirada Wasaaradda Maaliyadda, tabarruca ganacsatada, iyo shakhsiyaadka, Ururrada Rayadka ah iyo hay‟adaha kaalmada bixiya. Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in miisaaniyad sannadeedka dawladda 1% HADMA looga qoondeeyo si wax loogu qabto dadka masiibadu tabaalayso xilliga ku habbon. Sidoo kale, siyaasaddani waxa ay ku talineysaa in la sameeyo sanduuq heer degmo ah oo lagu maamulo maaraynta Masiibooyinka wax ka qabashada heer degmo, dawladduna maaliyadda qaar u leexiso. Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in 2% dakhliga degmooyinka sanduuqaas loo gooyo. Diiwaan gelin iyo gacan ku hayn wax ku ool ah ayaa laga samaynayaa Xarunta HADMA iyo heer degmo Waxaa qiimayn lagu samaynayaa baahida tababbar ee ay qabaan dadka ka hawl gelaya maaraynta masiibooyinka si loo daboolo gol daloolooyinka xirfadeed iyo kuwa khibradeed. Sidoo kale waxa ay HADMA gacan ka geysaneysaa kor u qaadidda xirfadda ciidammada dhanka la dagaallanka masiibooyinka. Diwangelinta hantida, qalabka iyo agabka kale ayaa iyadana la meelanayaa si loo ogaado qalabka iyo kaabayaasha kale ee la haysto iyo meesha ay ku sugan yihiin. Tani waxa ay sahleysaa daad gureynta 7 qalabka iyo in go.aan laga qaato daldaloollada jira sidii lagu buuxin lahaa iyo inta awooddu la haystaa le‟egtahay. Dhanka wacyi gelinta guud, Wasaaradda Waxbarashada waxaa laga taageeri doonaa in ay manhajka ku darto maaraynta masiibooyinka, iyo isbeddelka cimilada si wacyiga guud kor loogu qaado. Maaddaama qalab iyo agab haqabtiran aan loo hayn maaraynta masiibooyinka, dhammaan qalabka la heli karo oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ay leeyihiin ciidammadu waa in loo diyaariyaa gurmadka masiibooyinka degdegga ah. Sidoo kale, waxa ay siyaasaddani soo jeedinaysaa in la sameeyo shuruudaha lagu adeegsan karo qalabka iyo agabka gaarka loo leeyahay xilliga masiibooyinka dhacaan. Si loo helo kayd saldhig u noqda gurmadka masiibooyinka, waxa ay siyaasaddani soo jeedinaysaa: i. In la sameeyo bar kayd oo la dhigo cunto iyo agab si loo adeegsado gurmadka masiibooyinka. ii. In la dhiso ama ladayactiro kaabayaasha horumarka sida suuqyada, dugsiyada, cusbataallada, Ceelasha biyaha iyo waddooyinka si gurmadka loogu adeegsado. Siyaasadda maaraynta masiibooyinku waxa ay aqoonsan tahay in isgaarsiintu laf-dhabar u tahay maaraynta masiibooyinka haddii ay noqon lahayd ka-digidda qaddinka ah, gurmadka iyo haddii ay noqon lahayd dib uga soo kabashada, sidaas darted, waxa ay siyaasaddani soo jeedinaysaa in Shirkadaha Isgaarsiintu ay guramdka masiibooyinka u meeleyaan khadad isgaarsiin oo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo u furan shaqaale loo igmaday khadadkaas waxaa loogu talagelayaa in loo irkado marka khadadka kale go‟aan. Marka laga hadlaayo tallaabooyinka lagula soconayo barnaamijka maaraynta masiibooyinka, siyaasaddani waxa ay tilammameysaa: Dejinta nidaam ka digitaan qaddiman oo kala duwan oo ay yeeshaan noocyada kala jaadka ah ee masiibooyinka (sida abaaraha, daadadka, dabka. Duufaanta iwm): 1. Iyada oo la dejinayo calaamado laysla waafaqay 2. Kulammo, dibu eegid iyo falanqayn 3. Diiwaan gelin xaaladaha iyo waxa ka dhasha: a. Daneeyayaasha oo si joogto ah warka loola wadaago b. Qorsheyn maaliyadeed iyo gurmad c. Dejinta nidaamka la socod hawleed iyo in nidaamkaas la dabbaqo d. Dejin tusmo dibu eegid dhammaan meelaha mudnaanta la siiyey e. Dhidbidda nidaam xog ururin oo loo adeegsado maaraynta dhibta masiibooyinka. f. Dejin nidaam warbixin lagu siiyo heerarka kala korreeya ee maamulka g. Samaynta hantidhawr bulshadeed (Social auditing), iyo baaritaanno lagu sameeyo masiibooyinku sida ay u dhaceen iyo sidii loogu hawlgalay 8 Ugu dambayn waxa ay siyaasaddani culayska saareysaa qiimayn joogta ah oo lagu sameeyo sida ay u fulaan barnaamijyada maaraynta masiibooyinka iyadoo diiradda la saarayo dib-u-eegista iyo qiimaynta nidaamka ka digitaanka qaddiman gaar ahaan: o Dib-u-eegis lix biloodle ah oo lagu eego habboonaanshaha digitaanka la adeegsaday ama degsan. Waxaa dib-u-eegista lagu darayaa xaaladda caalamka markaas ka jirta iyo saamaynta ay ku yeelan karto Puntland. o Dibu eegis heer qaran iyo her IGAD ah Qiimaynta sidii loo maareyey masiibooyinkii dhacay gaar ahaan: o Dib u eegis barnaamijeed oo sannadle ah ee heer qaran iyo heer goboleed oo si qoto dheer arrinta loogu faaqido iyo soosaarid warbixin sannadeed. o Qiimayn dhexe 30 -36 bilood fulinta ka dib si loo eego ka soo kabashada o Qiimayn kama dambays ah dhammaadka fulinta iyo samaynta istaratiijiya cusub ..Siyaasaddan waxaa soo diyaarinteeda lagala tashaday kana qaybqaatay xubno ka socda qaybaha kala duwan ee maamulka dawladda Puntland sida: 1. Maamulka degmooyinka iyo Gobollada Puntland oo dhan. 2. Xubno ka tirsan Golaha Xukuumadda iyo Golaha Shacabka 3. Qaybo ka mida Hey‟adaha Calaamiga ah iyo kuwa Maxaalliga ah Waxaa Aqoon isweydaarsiyo badan oo sanooyin socday oo lagu casumay dadka ka qaybqaatay diyaarinta Siyaasaddan kharajkooda bixisay Hey‟adda UNICEF iyo UNOCHA oo bixisay khabiirkii u horreyey ee daraafka kowaad qoray. Warqaad-siyaasadeedani, waxa ay ku tuun tuunsaneysaa in qaabka ka hortagga masiibooyinku noqodo mid dhinacya badan laga eegay xilliga dheerna ku salaysan. In aqoon loo yeesho saadaalinta iyo ogaanshaha masoobooyinka soo fool leh, waxa ay lama huraan u yihiin go‟aan qaadasho dhab ah, darbanaan iyo wax qabad la mahadin karo. Qaabku waa inuu noqdaa mid isku xiraya dedaalka dhammaan qaybaha ay arrintu khuseyso sida Dawladda, laamaha UNka, NGOyada, Qaaran bixiyayaasha iyo bulshada degaanka ku nool. 9 Qaybta I: HORDHAC 1.1 GOGOLDHIG Dawladda Soomaaliyeed ee Puntlatlad waxa ay Joqraafi ahaan ku taal Waqooyi-Bari ee Soomaaliya. Waxa ay xad la-leedahay: dhinaca Waqooyi-Galbeed waxaa ka xiga Gobolka Togdheer, Waqooyiga waxaa ka xiga Gacanka Cadmeed, Koonfur-Bari waxaa ka jira Badweynta Hindiya, Koonfurta waxa ka xiga Gobollada Bartamaha Soomaliya, Galbeedna waxa ay xad kala leedahay kiilkisa shanaad ee Soomaalida dalka Itoobiya. Isuygeynta bedka dhulka Puntland waa 212,510 km2 (qiyaastii saddex meelood meel Bedka guud ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya), tirada dadka ku noolna waxa lagu qiyaasaa 3.9 malyan; Puntland waxa ay kamid tahay dhulka oomanaha ah ee Saaxilka Afrika. Aqoonsiga ah in khataraha deegaan ee masiibooyinka ka dhashaa ay keeni karaan khasaare dhaqan dhaqaale ama bulsho iyo mid nafeedba, waxa ay mar kale diiradda saartay qorshaynta iyo maaraynta masiibooyinka caqabado assaasi ah oo la xiriira sidii lagu yareyn lahaa waxyeellada ka dhalata. Qaar kamida caqabadahu nuxur ahaan waa kuwo horumar la‟aan kayimi waayo waxa ay kasoo jeedaan ku guul darraysi xagga horumarka. Qoraallo xiriir ah oo ay soo saartay Qarammada Midoobay iyo dib-u-habayn badan ayaa xoojinaya qorshaha maaraynta waxyellada masiibooyinka. Siyaasadahaas waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka ISDR 2002 oo cinwaankiisu yahay la noolaanta khataraha, Dib-u-eegidda caalamiga ee yareynta khatarta masiibooyinka. Qoraalkaas ka hor Golaha Guud ee Qarammada Midoobay waxa ay 1990-1999 ugu magac dartay toban sannad-lihii caalamiga ahaa ee yareynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka ee heer qaran. Sannakii 2000, waxa ay dhidibtay ururka ISDR ( International strategy for Disaster Management) oo ka kooban dawladaha caalamka, hay‟daha Qarammada Midoobay, urur goboleedyo, iyo Ururro Bulshada rayadka ah. Sannadkii 2005, waxaa dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyey nidaamka UNka, taas oo dhalisay in UNDP da loo hawl geliyo hab ay kor ugu qaadi karto barnaamijyada wax ka qabashada masiibooyinka ee heerka dal. Iyada oo raacaysa jaantuska waddada fulinta ee baaqa kun-sanadlaha (Millennium), sidoo kale wuxuu hoos ugu daadegayaa meelo la xiriira u nuglaanshaha masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah sida deegaanka oo khalkhalka laga ilaaliyo, baabi‟nta saboolnimada, macaluusha iyo kor u qaadista sinnaanta bani-aadamka (jinsiga). Intaas waxaa iyana barbar socday in UN ka, NGOyada iyo tiro dawlada ahi ay horsed u noqdeen arrimaha la xiriira yareynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka. Arrimahaas waxaa ka mid ahaa haykalkii Hyogo (Hyogo framework) ee 2005- 2015 taasoo lagu dejiyey qaab dhammeystiran oo wax looga qaban karo welelka caalamiga ah ee ka taagan waxyeellada masiibooyinka bulshada ku dhaca. Dhinaca kale waxaa xusid mudan in Bangiga Adduunkuna uu sannadkii 2000 daaha ka furay ururka laga magac baxay „Pro Vention‟ kaasoo ka shaqeeya in ganacsatada iyo bulshada rayadka ahi ay si wax ku ool ah uga wada hadlaan halista masiibooyinka si loo yareeyo waxyeelladooda. 10 Mid kamid ah caqabadaha ugu waaweyn ee muddo haystay maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinku waxa ay ahayd sidii loo heli lahaa qaab dhammeystiran oo waxyeellada masiibooyinka looga jawaabo. Dooddu hadda waxa ay tahay in laga tago hawlgalka samatabixinta, loona dhaqaaqo dhanka ka hor tagga iyo u darbanaanta masiibooyinka inta aanay dhicin. Isbeddelkan aragtida cusub waxaa sababay dhibaatooyinka ballaaran ee waayadan dambe masiibooyinku keenaan ee dunida ku habsaday, marka laga eego dhinaca dadka ay naftooda galaaftaan iyo burbrurka dhaqaale iyo hantida ee ka dhasha Leexashada loo leexday sanooyinkan dambe sidii loo yarayn lahaa loogana hortegi lahaa waxyeellada masiibada waxa sababay khasaarooyinka xad-dhaafka ah oo naf iyo maalba leh oo ay gaarsiinayso bulshada. Hase yeeshee, weli siyaabaha la adeegsadaa waxa ay culayska saaraan in masiibooyinka la wajaho hadba marka ay dhacaan iyo meesha ay ka dhacaan iyadoo daawada loo arko in kaalmo bini aadane loo fidiyo cidda ay waxyeelladu gaartay. Habkani waxa uu yareyaa dhibaatada muddada dhow, waxaase laga maarmaan ah in la helo nidaam buuxa oo lagu dhiso tayada wax qabad ee jirta ee heer qaran iyo maxalliba ah. Warqaad-siyaasadeedani, waxa ay ku tuun tuunsaneysaa in qaabka ka hortagga masiibooyinku noqodo mid dhinacya badan laga eegay xilliga dheerna ku salaysan ee heer Puntland. In aqoon loo yeesho saadaalinta iyo ogaanshaha masoobooyinka soo fool leh, waxa ay lama huraan u yihiin go‟aan qaadasho dhab ah, darbanaan iyo wax qabad la mahadin karo. Qaabku waa in uu noqdaa mid isku xiraya dedaalka dhammaan qaybaha ay arrintu khuseyso sida Dawladda, laamaha UNka, NGOyada, qaaraan-bixiyaasha iyo bulshada degaanka ku nool. 1.2 Haykal Aragtiyeedka (Conceptual Frame work) Masiibo waxaa lagu qeexaa “dhacda la xiriirta waxyeello dabiici ah, mid dad falkiyeen ama mid isku dhafan oo deg deg u dhacday taas oo sababatay burbur ku dhaca sida ay bulshadu u negayd ama habnololeedkeeda wax ka beddela, keenana in dad, duunyo iyo degaanba si baaxad leh ku waxyeelloobaan, wax ka qabashadeeduna ka badan tahay awoodda ummadda wax gaareen.” Masiibooyinka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa marka maareynteedu dhaafto kartida iyo mugga bulshada waxyeelloowdey ama hay‟adda dawladda, ayna u baahato in si wadajira loogu istaago wax ka qabashadeeda, haddii ay noqon lahayd dawladdas ama ay kaalmo heer caalami ah weyddiisan lahayd. Baaxadda saamaynta waxyeellada masiibadu waxa ay ku xiran tahay heerka nuglaanshaha dadka waxyeelloobay, gagsiga dadka iyo awoodaha kasoo kabasho ee dadkaasi haystaan inta ay le‟egtahay. Heerka adkeysiga dadka, xaaladaha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee jira ama hantidooda. Sidaas darted, waxa ay fansaar la leedahay saboolnimada, xaaladaha jira ee siyaasadda, arrimaha bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha intaba. Guud ahaan, masiibooyinka waxa ay ku dhacaan dadka awalba nuglaa taasoo ka dhalatay farqiga heerka nolosha ee bulshadaas u dhexeya marka laga hadlayo hantida, gacan ku haynta khayraadka iyo xukunka. Siyaasadda iyo dhaqaalaha ayaa kaalin muhim ka qaata dhacdada masiibooyinka. Haddaba, maaraynta dhabta ah ee waxyeellada Masiibooyinka waxaa lagu gaari karaa iyada oo wax laga beddelo arrimaha 11 bulshada, dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda guud. Isbeddelku waa inuu xushan yahay guntin kasta oo ka mid ah silsiladda u-darbanaanta, ka-jawaabidda, yaraynta waxyeellada, dib-u-daryeelidda iyo ka hortagga sida ka muuqata sawirka wareegga maaraynta masiibooyinka ee soosocda: Figure 1 1.3 BAAHIDA LOO QABO DEJINTA SIYAASAD CAD Marka dib loo jalleeco masiibooyinkii Puntland soo maray, waxaa muuqatay in dawladdu intii tabarteeda ah ku dedaalaysay sidii ay ku abuuri lahayd qaab wax lagaga qabto wixii dhacay ama dhaca. Saddexdii massibo ee isku sanadka ka dhacay ee ay ka mid ahayd Sunaamigu marka ay dhaceen kaddib, lana qaaday hawlgalkii weynaa ee samatabixinta dadkii ku waxyeellobay. Xukuumadda Puntland waxa ay samaysay guddi deg deg ah oo masuul looga dhigay in ay maareeyaan waxyelladii masiibooyinkii kala duwanaa ee dalka ku habsaday sanadkaas. Hase yeeshee, inkasta oo laysku deyayey in si mideysan loo wada shaqeeyo haddana waxaa caado noqotay in wasaaradahu sidoodii mid waliba gaarkeeda ugu hawl gasho wax ka qabashada masiibooyinka. Taasi waxa ay keentay isku dul dhac wax-qabad, dayac, beekhaamin la‟aan iyo weliba jiitan hawl-fulineed. 12 Si haddaba arrimahaas loo soo ururiyo, waxaa sannadkii 2005tii bishii Maarso la asaasay Hay‟adda Maaraynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka (HADMA) oo hoos imaaneysa Xafiiska Madaxweynaha. Taas macneheedu waxa ay tahay in dhammaan hawlihii maaraynta masiibooyinka iyo xiriirintoodaba ay yeelaneyso Madaxtooyada Puntland iyada oo adeegsanaysa Hey’adda HADMA. Dejinta siyaasaddan waxaa looga gol leeyahay in xal loo helo dhaliilao badan oo lagu arkay nidaamka Maaraynta wax ka qabashada Masiibooyinka Puntland muddadii hey‟addu dhisnayd gaar ahaan: i. Jiritaan la‟aanta siyaasad lagu hago maaraynta masiibooyinka iyo habraac la isku waafaqsan yahay‟. ii. Jiritaan la‟aanta haykal sharci oo xalaaleeya, kala duwa awoodda hawl-gallada waxyeellada masiibooyinka. iii. Saamaynta siyaasad qofeysan taasoo dhibaato ku haysa in lagu kalsoonaando barnaamijyada wax ka qabashada waxyeellada, marmarna caqabad ku ah fulintooda; iv. Habka xiriirinta oo aan tifaftirnayn taasoo sababta hal hawl oo laba hay‟adood ama in ka badan wada qorashaystaan wax ka qabashadeda. v. Jiritaan la‟aan xog lagu kalsoonaan karo ee khataraha, nuglaanta iyo awoodda hantida la heli karo marka wax dhacaan. vi. HADMA oo aan doorkeeda sharciyadeed laysku waafaqsaneyn taas oo majaxaabisa in masiibooyinka looga jawaabo si wax ku ool ah oo aan dib u dhicid lahayn. vii. Hey‟adaha Caalamiga ah oo siyaasaddooda ku dhaqa wax ka qabashada waxyeellada masiibada madama aanaey jirin mid Puntland u degsan, loona sahlo in ay tooda wataan. 13 Qaybta II: SIYAASADDA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA PUNTLAND 2.1 ASTAAMAHA MAAREYN MASIIBO OO WAX KU OOL AH WAA: 2.1.1 Amar bixinta shaqada: Qaab dhismeedka hay‟adda waa inuu si cad u qeexaa awoodaha iyo masuuliyadaha, jaranjarada amarka ee dhammaan wejiyada hawlgallada masiibooyinka waayo waxaa laga yaabaa in hay‟adaha dawladda iyo dhinacya kale ay u hawlgalaan si awood tooxsi ah. 2.1.2 Habraaca maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka: Hawlaha maaraynta deg degga ah waa in ay ka mid noqdaan hawlaha maalin-laha ah ee dawladda ee aanay noqon wax lagu baraarugo marka ay wax dhacaan taasina waxa ay ku imaanaysa xog ururin joogta ah iyo u tooga hayn. 2.1.3 in looga wajaho dhibaatooyinka qaab mideysan: Qaab-dhismeedka maaraynta Waxyeellada masiibooyinka iyo qorshohoodaba waa in loo dejiyaa si ku aaddan noocyada kala duwan ee masiibooyinka dhici kara iyo sida ay jawaab uga bixin karaan. Taasi waxa ay kor u qaadeysaa awoodaha jira, waxa ayna dhiirrigelineysaa ka qayb qaadashada dadweynaha. 2.1.4 Dhiirrigelin kaqayb-qaadasho: Waa in ay siyaasadda dawladdu dadka iyo ururrada ku dhiirrigelin kartaa ka qayb qaadashada xaaladaha deg degga ah marka ay soo kordhaan iyo u tooga hayntooda. 2.1.5 Xiriirin adag oo ka dhexeeya dhinacyada ka qaybqaata: Maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinku waa masuuliyad wadareed, mana aha hawl dawladda keliya u taal. Sidaas darted, waxa lagama maarmaan ah in qaab-dhismeedka hay’addu muujiyo awoodda sharciyadeedd iyo shaqsiyaadka ama hay’adaha kala duwan ee isu dumaya khayraadka loo baahan yahay ee ka baxsan dawladda maxalliga ah. 2.1.6 Ka-digidda masiibooyinka oo la xoojiyo: Qaab-dhismeedka waa in lagu daraa xilalka qaybta ka-digidda masiibooyinka cid lagula xisaabtamana loo xilsaaro. Qaybtani waa in ay u hawlgashaa ka digidda dhammaan masiibooyinka iman kara. Waxaa kale oo loo baahan yahay in la dejiyo hab loogu digi karo dadka naafada ah iyo dadka aan af-Soomaaliga ku hadlin ee meeshaa deggan haddii ay jiraan. 2.2. Tiirarka saldhigga u ah Siyaasadda 2.2.1 Madaxweynaha Puntland ayaa caddaynaya ama ku dhawaaqaya in masiibo dhacday iyo meesha ay wax yeeshay, wuxuuna soo saarayaa qayladhaan isagoo la tashaday hey‟adda u xilsaaran (HADMA) iyo Golaha Wasiirrada. 2.2.2 Waxaa la dhisayaa Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka Puntland ee uu guddoomiyo madaxweynaha ama ciddii uu u igmado. Goluhu wuxuu si guud masuul uga noqonayaa maaraynta waxyeelllada masiibooyinka si ku meelgaar ah. 14 2.2.3 HADMA ayaa toos masuul uga ah fulinta dhammaan hawlaha wareegga maaraynta waxyellada masiibooyinka iyada oo ay kala shaqaynayaan madaxda maamullada iyo hey‟adaha ay khuseyso. 2.2.4 HADMA iyo maamullada maxalliga ah (Guddoomiyayaasha Gobollada, Duqowda Degmooyinka) waxaa la siinayaa awoodo gaara oo ay kula tacaalaan xaaladaha deg degga ah ee ka dhasha masiibooyinka. Dawladda dhexe waxa ay fududeyneysaa dumidda khayraadka ku baxaya samatabixinta. 2.2.5 Waxaa xiriir adag laga dhex abuurayaa HADMA, Wasaaradaha, Maamullada dawladaha hoose, hay‟adaha Caalamiga ah, Ururrada rayadka ah, ganacasatada, dadweynaha si ay xogta isu-weydaarsadaan, tayaduna u kororto. 2.3 HIMILADA SIYAASADDAN In la dhiso Puntland ka badbaadsan una adkeysan karta masiibooyinka iyada oo la dejinayo Hannaan dhammeystiran, masiiba kastana ka jawaabi karta, loona abuurayo dhaqan isugu jira ka hortag, yarayn, u darbanaan iyo wax ka qabasho. 2.4 HADAFKA Hadafka guud ee siyaasaddani waxa weeye bulsho badbaadsan, adkeysanna u leh haddi masiibu ku dhacdo iyada oo sare loo qaadayo adeegsiga aqoonta iyo xogta ka hortagga iyo maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka heerarka kala duwan ee bulshada. 2.5 UJEEDDOOYINKA SIYAASADDA 2.5.1 Dhiirrigelinta ka hortagga, u Darbanaanta iyo u gagsiga masiibooyinka heer kasta iyada oo loo marayo aqoon la xiriirta wax ka qabashadeeda. 2.5.2 Mideynta istaraatiijiyada iyo dejinta siyaasado iyo qorshe sii socon kara waqtiga dheer. 2.5.3 Dejinta hay‟adahii iyo haykalkii sharci ee hawsha lagu wadi lahaa. 2.5.4 Dejinta saadaal iyo nidaam ka-digitaan oo casri ah oo ay baritaarayaan khadad warhelid laysku hallayn karo leh (ICT). 2.5.5 Hubinta wax ka qabashada masiibo oo si degdeg ah lagu fuliyo, dadka nugulna tixgelisa. 15 2.6 MABAADI’IDA GUUD Maaraynta masiibooyinka waa in loo adeegsadaa dhinacya badan waana masuuliyadda dhinacyada kala duwan ee ay arrintu saamayso. Siyaasaddani waxa ay hagaysaa dhammaan wejiyada kala duwan ee maaraynta waxyellada masiibooyinka, waxa ayna waafaqsan tahay mabaadi’ida caalamiga ah ee maaraynta masiibooyinka. 2.6.1 Isdhexgelinta maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka iyo qorshaha horumarinta: ujeeddooyinka Siyaasadda maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka waxaa la dhexgelinayaa oo lagu darayaa hadafka guud ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo tan bulshada ee Puntland, waxa ayna ka mid noqoneysaa qorshaha muddada dhexe iyo xilliga fog ee dalka. 2.6.2 Wada shaqeyn iyo isla socod wax ku ool ah: Waxaa diiradda la saarayaa dejinta farsamo lagu xaqiijiyo in la helo wax ka qabad masiibo oo deg deg ah, mideysan dhammanna laga wada qayb qaato iyada oo ay ku jirto cidda masiibadu haleeshay. 2.6.3 Dhisidda tayada: Dawladdu waxa ay aqoonsan tahay in kor loo qaado mugga aqoonta maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka ee hay‟adaha dawladda kala duwan, NGOyada maxalliga ah, ganacsatada iyo degaannada si loo abuuro maarayn iyo gagsi wax ku ool ah. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in dadka nugul oo dhammi ogaadaan xaaladdooda si loo yareeyo saamaynta masiibooyinka. 2.6.4 Madaxbannaani iyo Xaqsoor: waxyeellada masiibooyinku waxa ay saamaysaa lagana dareemaa dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada. Sidaas darted, si dedaalladu u noqdaan kuwo dhedhxaad ah oo aan cidna faquuqayn, waa in hay‟adaha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinku yeeshaan madax bannaani ay ku gaari karaan xaqsoor cilmi ku fadhiya. 2.6.5 Oggolaansho sharci: Hay‟adaha iyo shaqsiyaadka ka shaqaynaya fulinta hawlaha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinku waa in ay helaan oggolaanshaha sharci ee ay u baahan yihiin si dhammaan daneeyayaashu u aqoonsadaan. 2.6.6 Dhaqaale: GMMP Waxa ay u ololeysaa in la qoondeeyo hanti lagu wado maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka si jawaab dedeg ah looga bixiyo marka ay wax dhacan. 2.6.7 Kharaj wadaag: si joogto ah uma qaadi karto dawladda Puntland culeyska dhaqaale ee dhammaan kharajka ku baxaya dhibta dhacda ama in ay samayso dibudhiska muddada dheer. Qorshaha muddada dheer waxa ay tahay in la helo qaab cawil celin ah oo qorshaysan oo hore loogu talo galay ama loo qorsheeyey. 2.6.8 Horumarinta, iyo xog-isdhaafsiga: waxaa la yagleelayaa xarun u gaar ah qabashada daraasadaha, horumarinta iyo tabarrada la xiriira maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka. Sidoo kale aragtida assaasiga ah ee la xiriirta maaraynta masiibooyinka waxaa lagu dhigi doonaa dugsiyada, jaamacadaha iyo Mac-hadyada tababarrada. 16 2.7 AKHLAAQIYAADKA SALDHIGGA U AH 2.7.1. Samafalku waa waajib: in qofka loo samafalo isna sameeyo samafal waxa ay ka mid tahay mabda‟ asaasiga ee binu-aadaminimo iyo kan islamka oo ay tahay in muwaadiniinta Puntland oo dhammi helaan samafal haddii wax ku dhacaan ama gargaar bixiyaan. 2.7.2 Gargaar loo siman yahay: gargaarka waa in loo sinnaadaa, mudnaantuna ahaataa sida dhibaatada loogu kala badan yahay oo keliya. 2.7.3 Dhawritaanka xuquuqda assaasiga ee loo gargaaraha: dadka dhibtu ku dhacday waxa waajib ah in la dhawro xuquuqdooda, lana xurmeeyo waxaana ka mid ah:  Badbaadin ama daryeel,  In laga dhigaysto dhibta ay sheeganayaan  In lala tashado marka wax loo qabanayo  Helitaan kaalmo ay u qalmaan. 2.7.4 Wadaagidda warka iyo wacaasha: qofkasta oo qiimayn ku sameeya khatar meel ka taagan ama ku soo aaddan waa in uu warka u sheegaa dadka meesha ku sugan. 2.7.5 Wadaagidda xogta: kooxaha ururiya baahida iyo mala awaalka masiibada waa in ay la wadaagaan dhammaan daneeyayaasha oo dhan si loo baajiyo xog ururin kale, iyo isdulfuul gargaar. 2.7.6 Ka hortagga isbarbar yaaca: waxaa akhlaaqiyan ama nidaam ahaan looga baahan yahay dhammaan hay‟daha ka qayb-qaadanaya hawlaha gurmadaka masiibooyinka in ay u shaqeeyaan is buuxda, hagajiyaan wada shaqaynta dhexdooda, iyaga iyo dawladaha hoose, layskana ilaaliyo is barbaryaaca. Taas waxaa lagu hirgelin karaa:  In la joojiyo ku tartanka gurracan ee mashaariicda,  In la joojiyo in la kala u gaarsado shaqaalaha oo loo kala yeerto  In aan la adeegsan muuqaallo iyo xog buun buunsan si loogu helo mashaariic ama maalgelin.  In xogta lala wadaago cidda arrintu khuseyso oo dhan.  In aan laga hor iman xiriirinta dawladda.  In taagerada lays weydaarsado. 17 QAYBTA III: QAABKA IYO ISTARAATIIJIYADA 3.1 MAARAYNTA WAXYELLADA MASIIBADA Maaraynta masiibadu waxa ay isugu jireysaa Saddex (3) weji: I. Masiibada ka hor II. Masiibada dhexdeeda III. Masiibada kaddib Waxaa kale oo loo baahan yahay dedaallada mideysan ee daneeyayaasha hoos ku qoran: 1. Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka Puntland 2. HADMA 3. Degaannda dhibtu gaartey 4. ICRC, Bisha Cas iwm 5. Hay‟daha horumarinta 6. Maamullada Maxalliga ah 7. Bulshada Rayadka ah 8. Dawladda dhexe 9. Ganacsatada HADMA Ayaa qaadaneysaa kaalinta xiriirinta ee dhammaan wejiyada kala duwan ee maraynta Waxyeellada massibooyinka. Daneeyayaasha (stakeholders) kale waxa ay qaadan doonaan kaalimmada loo igmado. 3.2 HAWLAHA KA- HOR DHACDADA MASIIBADA 3.2.1 Qorsheynta: Waxaa la ansixin doonaa sharciga Maaraynta masiibooyinka (Puntland Disaster Management Act) kaas oo lagu maamuli doono maaraynta dhammaan hawlaha la xiriira wax ka qabashada massibooyinka. 3.2.2 Diyaargarowga deg degga ah: Qaabka ku soo boodidda (Trigger Mechanism), waxaa la samaynayaa qaab u darbanaan/diyaargarow degdeg ah oo lagu hubiyo in loo darban yahay digniinta, abaabulka deg degga ah, daadgureynta, samatabixinta iyo soo kabashada. Si taa loo gaarana waxaa la samaynayaa tijaabooyin joogto ah (trial exercises). 3.2.3 Qiimaynta Halista iyo yareynta nuglaanta: Waxaa masiibooyinka lagu samaynayaa qiimayn habaysan oo ay qaaddo ayna isku dubbariddo HADMA, iyada oo loo dhugyeelanayo dadka nugul iyo meelaha durugsan ee lagu nool yahay. 3.2.4 Kaalinta Golayaasha degaannada: Maadaama ay yihiin kuwa leh xiriirka dadka ugu dhow, kaalinta Golayaasha degaannada ee maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka waa mid aad u weyn. 18 Waxa ay noqonayaan kuwa ugu horreeya ee jawaabta ka bixinaya xaaladaha deg degga ah. Waxaa culeyska la saaraya in la xoojiyo kartida hay‟dahaas. 3.2.5 Caddaynta Doorka iyo Kala qeexidda Jaranjarada amar bixinta: Maadaama ay tahay saldhigga waxqabashada, HADMA waxa ay dejinaysaa dhammaan qaabka kala dambaynta hawlgallada inta lagu jiro meertada maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka 3.2.6 Xirriirinta: Dawladda iyo degmooyinkuba waxa ay soo wargelinayaan HADMA inta aan wax hawl-gargaar ah la bilaabin, arrintaasina waxa ay yareyneysaa isdul fuulka iyo dayac ka yimaada wax ka qabashada. 3.2.7 Xiriirka war kala helidda: waxaa dedaal joogta ah loo gelidoonaa sidii loo heli lahaa qaab war kala helid ah oo la isku- hallayn karo. Sidoo kale waxaa la samayn doonaa hab kayd ah oo loo irkado haddii cillado ku yimaadaan isgaarsiinta jirta. Nidaamka ICT ama war isgaarsiinta ayaa loo adeegsanayaa digniinta hore ee masiibooyinka qaddinka ah. 3.2.8 Diiwaan gelinta hantida: Waxaa la diiwaan gelinayaa hantida ay haystaan daneeyayaashu dad iyo duunyoba ee loo adeegsanayo hawlaha waxyeellada masiibooyinka, diiwaangelintu waxa ay ka dhaceysaa heer qaran iyo heer degmo joogtana waa loo cusbooneysiinayaa.. 3.2.9 Xoojinta Kaabayaasha: dedaal wadajir ah ayaa loo gelidoonaa hagaajinta waddooyinka, kaabadaha, kannaallada, guryaha dawladda iyo bulshada iyo saldhiyada korontada si ay u noqdaan kuwo masiibooyinka loo adkeysan karo. Dhammaan dhismayaasha cusub waxaa lagu dabbaqi doonaa tallaabooyin ka dhigi kara kuwa u adkeysta masiibooyinka ama looga sabatabixi karo. Arrimahaas waa in sharcigu ilaaliyaa fulintooda. Waxaa la joojinayaa ku xadgudubka degaannda loo aqoonsado in ay nugulka yihiin. 3.2.10 Xarunta Hawlgallada deg degga ah: Baraha hawlgallada degdegga ah ayaa laga samaynaya meelo cayiman ee heer qaran iyo heer degaanba oo laga hago hawlgallada. 3.2.11 Ilaalinta Deegaanka: Ilaalinta degaanku waa mid ka mid ah tallaabooyinka lagu dhimi karo khatarta masiibooyinka. Waxaa culeys la saari doonaa in la dhawro lana ilaaliyo nidaamka degaanka ama bey‟ada (Ecosystem) iyadoo lala kaashanayo dadkenna iyo addunweynahaba. 3.3. HAWLAHA WEJIGA WAX QABADKA / JAWAABIDDA Ujeeddada Gargaaridda: Hawlaha gargaarka waxaa loo dejinayaa qaab ay wax uga qabtaan baahida deg degga ah ee jirta, iyada oo si gaar ah loo tixgelinayo baahida ay qabaan dadka nugulka ah. HADMA waxa ay hubineysaa in gargaarku u dhaco si xaqsoor ah oo siman. 3.3.1 Shaqaalaha gargaarka deg degga ah: Waxaa la diiwaangelinayaa shaqaalaha u tababaran gargaarka deg degga ah, waxaana loo gudbinayaa xogtaas hay‟adaha gargaarka ku hawlan. 19 3.3.2 Cuntada iyo Gabbaadka: waxaa gargaarka deg degga ah ugu horraynaya baahida cunto, gabbaadka iyo biyaha la cabbo iyada oo si gaar ah loo eegayo dhallaanka, waayeelka iwm. 3.3.3 Caafimaadka iyo Faya-dhawrka: si looga hortagga cudurrada faafa, waxaa la qaadayaa tallaabooyin lagu wasakhsaarayo biyaha. Masuuliyadda guud ee hawshaas waxaa yeelandoona Wasaaradda Caafikmaadka, NGOyada iyo UNka, waa la weydiisan karaa taageero dheeraad ah. 3.3.4 Tacsiyaynta iyo la talinta dadka dhibaatadu gaartay: Dawladda iyo ururrada bulshadu waxa ay waano-nafsiyeed iyo tacsi siin doonaan dadka la ildaran Naxdinta masiibada (post- disaster trauma) gaar ahaan carruurta iyo haweenka. 3.3.5 Ammaanka: Tabaabusho dhammaystiran ee ku habbon ayaa loo geli doonaa si loo sugo amniga alaabta loo wado gargaarka deg degga ah. Sidoo kale waxaa la sugayaa amniga xeryaha gargaarka waxaana loo adeegsanayaa dadka magaca ku leh bulshada dhexdeeda iyo shaqaalaha gargaarka. 3.3.6 War kala helid: si warka saxa ah la isu weydaarsado loogana hortago beenta iyo kutiri kuteenka, waxa ay HADMA mar walba soo saari doontaa war-qoraallo rasmi ah si dawladda iyo shacabkuba warka saxa ah u helaan. 3.3.7 Qiimayn khasaare oo deg deg ah: Iyada oo ay xiriirinayso hey‟adda HADMA, ururrada caalamiga ah, maamullada degmooyinka iyo wasaaradaha ay khuseeyso wax ay samayn doonaan qiiimeyn khasaare oo deg degg ah xitaa marka ay hawlaha gargaarku socdaan. 3.3.8 U-gudbid Deg deg ah ee Soo Kabashada: si sharafta aadami ee dadka masiibadu halakaysay aan loo dhaawicin waa in lagu dadaalaa in si deg deg ah loogu gudbo wejiga soo kabashada ee wax ka qabashada Masiibada. 3.4. WEJIGA SOO KABASHADA IYO DIB-U-DHISKA 3.4.1 Qiimayn waxyeello oo faahfaahsan: Wejigan waxaa lagu samaynayaa Qiimayn faahfaahsan waxyeelladii dhacday si loo cabbiro mudnaantana la kala siiyo dib-u-dhiska dhulkii dhibtu ku dhacday sida ugu dhakhso badan. Wasaaradaha ay khuseeyso ayaa qiimaynta qaybaha kala duwan iyo qorshaha waxqabadkaba waxa ay raaci doonaan qaab ay dejisey HADMA dabadeedna ay ansixisay Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka Puntland (GMMP/PDMC) qorshaha dib-u-dhiska waa in markasta lagu tixgeliyaa kooxaha nugul iyo meelaha dhibtu kusoo noqnoqoto. 3.4.2 Abaabulka hantida: Ururinta hantida loo baahan yahay waxaa oggolaansheheeda bixinaya Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka Puntland (dhinac kasta ha ka timaaddee). HADMA ayaa dejinaysa nidaamkii la isugu dubbaridi lahaa iyo xiriirinteeda si loo hubiyo in qoondayntu noqoto mid xaqsooran, loona abuuro iskaashi waxtar leh. 20 3.4.3 Dib-u-dejinta Agoonta iyo Dumarka laga dhintay: Agoomaha iyo Carmalka (Dumarka laga dhintay) wuxuu ku salaysnaan doonaa hab ay bulshadooda dhexdeeda wax loogu taro. In goobo gargaar loo furo waxa ay imaan kartaa haddii laga fursan waayo. Hawsha dib-u-dejinta agoonta iyo Durmarka laga dhintay waxaa bud dhige u noqonaya MOWDAFA iyo PASWE. 3.4.4 Diiwaangelin: diiwaangelinta wejiyada kala duwan ee maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka waa arrin muhim ah waayo waxa ay xusuus u tahay wixii dhacay, sida loo maareeyey iyo khibraddii laga dhaxlay. HADMA oo la kaashaneysaa hay‟adaha kale ee ku lugta lahaa ayaa diiwaan u samayneysa wixii dhacay. Sidoo kale waxa ay HADMA maalgelinaysaa cilmi baaris iyo la talin la xiriirta maaraynta waxyellada masiibooyinka si tayada iyo waxtarka maaraynta loo hagaajiyo. 21 Qaybta IV: SHURUUCDA IYO HAY’ADAHA 1. GOLAHA Gurmadka DEG DEGGA EE MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA (PDMC) Golaha Maaraynta Waxyellada Maiibooyinka ayaa la samayn doonaa si ay siyaasadda guud u hagan Goluhu wuxuu awood u lahaanayaa inuu dib-u-eegid ama wax ka beddelid ku sameeyo siyaasadda maaraynta si ay ula jaan qaaddo baahida soo korodha dhanka maaraynta masiibooyinka. Golaha oo uu guddoomiyo Madaxweynuhu wuxuu kulankiisa caadiga ah yeelanayaa sannadkii laba jeer (Jannaayo /Luulyo). Hase yeeshee, hadday xaalad deg degg ahi soo kororto wuxuu goluhu yeelanayaa kulmmo aan caadi ahayn hadba sidii loogu baahdo. Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay xubnaha soo socda: Wasaarada Amniga, Arrimaha Gudaha, qorsheynta iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga, Caafimaadka, maaliyadda Hawlaha Guud iyo Guriyeynta, Degaanka, Xannaanada Xoolaha, Waxbarashada, MOWDAFA, Beeraha, Dekedaha iyo Gaadiidka Badda, HADMA iyo PSAWEN 2.1. SHARCIYADDA SIYAASADDA Siyaasaddan oo Golaha Wakiilladu ansixiyey, iyada saldhig u noqoneysa sharciyadda maaraynta masiibooyinka iyo arrimaha bini‟aadmiga ee Puntland. 4.3 HAYKALKA SHARCI Waxaa la soo saarayaa sharci haga hawlgallada xaaladda degdegga ah (Disaster Act) oo kala qeexayaa waajibaadka xubnaha ka hawlgelaya maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka, Xeerkaas wuxuu qeexayaa: 1. Qaab-dhismeedka Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka (GMM) iyo qaab-dhismeedyadahay‟adaha kale ee maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka. 2. Awoodaha iyo xilalka HADMA 3. Dhaqaajinta qorshayaasha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka 22 4.4 QAABDHISMEEDKA MAARAYNTA MASIIBOOYINKA (Soo Jeedin) Madaxweynaha SAGA, CSOs, Golaha Shacabka Maamullada dhexe iyo kuwa Maxalliga ah HADMA UN/INGOS Agaasinka Qorshaynta/Tababarrada iyo Awood dhisidda Golaha Gurmadka Degdegga ah Agaasinka Gurmadka iyo Hawlgalka Agaasinka Udarbanaanta/Diyaargarowga Agaasinka Maamulka iyo Maaliyadda War-Isgaarsiinta (Idaacadaha, TVyada iwm) Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta 23 4.4.1 HAYA’ADDA MAARAYNTA (HADMA) HADMA waxa ay hoos tagtaa xafiiska madaxwaynaha. Waxa ay masuul ka tahay, Hogaaminta, Maaraynta, Isku dubaridida dhamaan hawlaha arrimaha bini‟aadminimo iyo kuwa maaraynta waxyellada Musiibooyinka iyo xaaladaha deg deg ah ee ay keenaan, sidaa oo kale waa hay‟ad ka shaqaysa dhinacyo badan. Hadaba Xilalka iyo masuuliyadda HADMA ee la xiriirta siyaasaddan waa kuwa soo socda:  Fulinta hawlaha maalin laha ah ee dhammaan maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka sida U diyaargarowga, Yaraynta waxyeellada, Ka jawaabista, Ugagsiga iyo ka soo ka bashada ee ku qeexan siyaasaddan iyo talooyinka kale ee hadba kasoo baxa Golaha Maaraynta Masiibooyinka Puntland (GMMP/PDMC).  Dejinta qaabka digitaanka iyo la socodka masiibooyinka oo heer qaran ah oo wax ku ool ah.  Hagidda dhamaan hawlaha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka iyo arrimaha bini‟aadamka heer qaran/ heer gobol/ heer degmo iyo heer tuulo ee ka soconaya Puntland. Sida Hawlaha Ugagsiga, U diyaargarowga, Ka jawaabista iyo ka soo kabashada. Iyada oo raacaysa tusaalooyinka iyo talooyinka GMMP:  waxa ay HADMA maamulaysaa sanduuqa maaraynta masiibooyinka marka la sameeyo.  Waxa ay isku dubbarideysa hawlaha daneeyayaasha kale ee lugta ku leh maaraynta masiibooyinka iyo arrimaha bini‟aadamka ee ka soconaya Puntland  Waxa ay dhiirrigelisaa korna u qaaddaysaa wada shaqaynta dhinacyada kala geddisan ee hawlaha ku jira, oo ay kula shaqeyso nidaam kalsooni abuuri kara.  In ay horseed u noqoto ururinta tabarruca ka imanaya cidda dawladda ka baxsan;  In ay taageerto fursadaha lagu hormarinayo tayada wax qabad ee daneeyayaasha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka;  In ay daabacdo, Kormeerto isla markaasna kaydiso xogta iyo wararka maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka una qaybiso qaybaha kale ee lugta ku leh.  In ay samayso nidaam la socosho iyo qiimayn dhanka dejinta barnaamijyada iyo fulinta hawlaha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka.  In ay kala kaashashato GMMP/PDMC dejinta habraacyada maaraynta hantida iyo kharaj bixinta ee hay‟adaha ku hawlan maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka.  Waxay kormeer iyo qiimayn ku samaynaysaa dhamaan hawlaha waxka qabashada musiibooyinka, Xaaladaha deg deg ah iyo kuwa bini‟aadamka ee ka soconaya Puntland xogtana waxay ugudbinaysaa Madaxwaynaha, 4.4.2 WAAXYAHA HADMA 24 HADMA waxa ay lahaaneysaa Shan waaxyood oo kala ah; Arrimaha Gargaarka Aadamiga, Qorsheynta iyo la socodka, Udarbanaanta Yareynta halista masiibada, gurmadka, Maamulka iyo Maaliyadda. i) Waaxda Arrimaha Gargaarka Aadamiga  Kormeerka, xiriirinta iyo ilaalaynta macaawinada ku timaadda gargaarka aadaminimo  U qareemidda mashaaricda bini-aadaminimo ee Puntland  Ilaalaynta iyo kormeeeridda gargaarka degdegga ah.  Isku dubbaridka shirarka xiriirinta/ iskuduwidda ee ka dhexeya dawladda iyo hey‟adaha caalamiga ah ee ku hawlan gargaarka bini-aadaminimo iyo hawlaha ka soo kabashada  u soo gudbinta warbixin saddex-biloodle ah iyo mid sanadle ah Madaxweynaha Puntland ee hawlaha gargaarka aadaminimo ee dalka.  dejinta shax muujinaysa shaqada hey‟adaha ku hawlan gargaarka, hawlaha ay hayaan iyo meesha ay ka fulinayaan. ii) Waaxda Gurmadka Masuuliyadaha waaxdan waxa ay yihiin:  Xog ururin, qiimayn iyo La socod joogto ah ee masiibooyinka  Isku dubbaridka ka digidda qaddiman ( early warning system)  Soo saaridda Wargeysyo iyo qoraallada ku ka-digidda qaddiman  Gacan ku haynta saldhigga xogta (database) masiibooyinka  Dhiirrigelinta war iyo khibrad isweydaarsiga qaybaha hawsha ku jira ama ka shaqeeya.  Samayn daraasad istaraatiijiyadeed iyo talo siin dhinacyada hawlaha ku lugta leh.  Fududaynta qorshaha iyo hirgelinta hawlaha gurmadka iy yaraynta khataraha marka hawluhu socdaan.  Daba-galka kharajka baxa cidkasti ha bixisee si wax qabadka iyo hantida baxday la isugu miisaamo/dhellitiro iii) Waaxda Udarbanaanta/Diyaargarawga, Lasocodka iyo Qiimaynta  Lasocoshada, baaritaanka iyo qiimaynta xogta heerarka kala duwan ee masiibooyinka  Qiimaynta waxtarka hawlgallada maaraynta wax ka qabashada masiibooyinka;  Soo gudbinta warka iyo warbixinnada;  Habaynta iyo isbarbardhigga xogta iyo kaydintooda;  Qaadista daraasado la dabbaqo ee la xiriira maaraynta masiibooyinka, isbeddelka cimilada iyo degaanka.  Samaynta qorshayaal horumrineed oo la xiriira wax ka qabashada waxyeellada masiibada oo qabyo ah (drafting).  Ka digidda khatarta iyo la socoshada kaydka. 25 iv) Waaxda Qorshaynta, Tabarrada iyo Awood siinta  Abuurista shaqaale tababaran oo habaysan;  Taageeridda horumarinta aqoonta maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka dhinaca waxbarashada dadban iyo tan tooska ah;  Wacyigelin guud iyo baraarujin iyada oo kala kaashanaysa dawladda, saxaafadda, Ururrada Bulshada iyo hay‟daha horumarinta;  Fulinta tababarro ku haboon weijyada kala duwan ee maaraynta masiibooyinka.  Samaynta baaritaan joogta ah oo ku saabsan aqoonta shaqaalaha ee maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka;  In ay dhirrigeliso, ku adkaysato asluubta wanaagasan marka la fulinayo hawlaha maaraynta masiibooyinka iyo gurmadkeeda. v) Waaxda Maamulka iyo Maaliyadda  Dejinta Habraac Maamul iyo maaliyadeed oo ay yeelato HADMA;  Lacag bixin aan dib u dhac yeelan;  Hanta dhawr joogta ah  Maamulka shaqada iyo shaqaalaha 4.4.3 Maamullada Maxalliga ah: Maamullada maxalliga ahi waxa ay xiriiriyaan Dawladda dhexe, Gobollada iyo degmooyinka si hawlaha maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinku u noqoto mid wax ku ool ah. Si koobanna looga maamuli karo maamul hoose oo kaalintoodu tahay:  Hubinta ka hortagga, fududaynta iyo u darbanaanta masiibooyinka oo loo sameeyo si waafaqsan siyaasadda iyo tusaaleynta;  In ay ku biiriyaan HADMA talooyin la xiriira digniinaha, is-diyaarinta iwm;  Xaqiijinta in saraakiisha masiibooyinka ee degmooyinku leeyihiin aqoontii loo baahnaa;  Dejinta istataraatiijiyad samafal oo ku habboon degmo kasta iyagoo maanka ku haya daldaloollada jira;  Isku xirka dawladaha hoose iyo dawladda dhexe si hawlaha mareynta waxyeellada masiibada ka horreeyaa, sidii ugu habbooneyd ugu dhacaan.  Fududaynta tababarrda iyo rakibaadda qalabka gargaarka deg degga ah iyagoo la kaashanaya Hay‟adaha kale ee maxalliga ah, NGOyada iyo ganacsatada;  Ka qayb gelinta bulshada hannaanka, qorshaha iyo horumarinta;  Hubinta xiriir la isku hallayn karo ee ka dhexeeya maraynta waxyeellada masiibada iyo qorshaynta hawlaha;  Dib u eegidda iyo qiimaynta qorshayaasha; 26  Hubinta in isgaarsiintu tahay mid habboon;  Dayactirka qalabka si joogta ah 27 QAYBTA V: DUMIDDA HANTIDA IYO ILAALINTA U QOOLLAANTA 5.1 MAALIYADDA Si maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka loogu helo maaliyad haqabtiran, waxa ay siyaasaddani ku talineysaa in maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka loo sameeyo ugu yaraan laba sanduuq maaliyadeed; mid heer Puntland ah iyo mid heer degmo ah. • Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in miisaaniyad sannadeedka dawladda boqolkiiba 1% looga qoondeeyo HADMA si wax loogu qabto dadka masiibadu tabaalayso xilliga ku habbon laguna hayo xisaab xiran, laguna furo amar Madaxweyne. • Sidoo kale, siyaasaddani waxa ay ku talineysaa in la sameeyo sanduuq heer degmo ah oo lagu maamulo maaraynta Masiibooyinka wax ka qabashada heer degmo, dawladduna maaliyadda qaar ka kabto markii wax dhacaan laguna furo soo jeedinta HADMA marka la isla qiro dhibta jirta. Siyaasaddanina waxa kale oo ay soo jeedineysaa in boqolkiiba 2% ugu yaraan dakhliga degmooyinka in sanduuqaas loo gooyo I. Sanduuqa Maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka Puntland Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in la sameeyo sanduuq heer Puntland ah oo ay maamusho HADMA iyadoo waafajineysa shuruucda iyo qawaaniinta la dejiyey. Sanduuqan waxaa la isugu geynayaa biirada ku talogalka Wasaaradda Maaliyadda, tabarruca ganacsatada, shakhsiyaadka, Ururrada Rayadka ah iyo hay‟daha caalamiga ahi kaalmada ay bixiya. II. S andu uqa heer degmo Siyaasaddani waxa ay ku talineysaa in la sameeyo sanduuq heer degmo ah oo lagu maamulo maaraynta Masiibooyinka, dawladda hoosena maaliyadda ay qaar u leexiso. Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in 2% dakhliga degmada sanduuqaas loo gooyo laguna abbaaro wax ka qabashada dhibaatada markii ay dhacdo. 5.2. SHAQAALE IYO AGAB Diiwaan gelin iyo gacan ku hayn wax ku ool ah ayaa laga samaynayaa Xarunta HADMA iyo heer degmoba. Waxaa qiimayn lagu samaynayaa baahida tababbar ee ay qabaan dadka ka hawlgelaya maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka si loo daboolo gol daloolooyinka xirfadeed iyo kuwa khibradeedba. Sidoo kale waxa ay HADMA gacan ka geysaneysaa kor u qaadidda xirfadda ciidammada dhanka gurmadka waxyeellada Masiibooyinka. Siyaasaddani waxa ay soo jeedineysaa in miisaaniyad sannadeedka dawladda 1% looga qoondeeyo wax ka qabashada dhacda Masiibada si HADMA ay ugu suurtagasho in ay markii wax dhacaanba loogu helo gurmad degdeg ah. 28 Wasaaradda Waxbarashada waxaa laga taageeri doonaa in ay manhajka ku darto maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka iyo isbeddelka cimilada si wacyiga guud ee bulshada kor loogu qaado. Diwangelinta hantida qalabka iyo agabka kale waxaa loola jeedaa in la ogaado qalabka iyo awoodda kaabayaasha kale ee la haysto iyo meesha ay ku sugan yihiin. Tani waxa ay sahleysaa daad gureynta qalabka, dadka iyo in go‟aan laga qaato daldaloollada jira sidii lagu buuxin lahaa. 5.3 ABBABULKA SAHAYDA IYO SAADKA Maaddaama qalab iyo agab haqabtiran aan loo hayn maaraynta waxyeellada masiibooyinka, dhammaan qalabka la heli karo oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ay leeyihiin ciidammadu iyo bulshadu waa in lo diyaariyaa gurmadka degdegga ah ee masiibooyinka. Sidoo kale waxa ay siyaasaddani soo jeedinaysaa in la sameeyo shuruud sharciyaysan ee lagu adeegsan karo qalabka iyo agabka gaarka loo leeyahay xilliga masiibooyinku DHACAAN 5.4 KAABAYAASHA Waxa ay siyaasaddani soo jeedinaysaa: a. In la sameeyo bar kayd oo la dhigo cunto iyo agabka kaleba si loogu adeegsado gurmadka wayeellada masiibooyinka. b. In la dhiso/la dayactiro kaabayaasha horumarka sida suuqyada, dugsiyada, cusbataallada, biyaha iyo waddooyinka si gurmadka loogu adeegsado. 5.5 ISGAARSIINTA In shirkadaha isgaarsiintu ay guramdka waxyeellada masiibooyinka u meeleyaan khadad isgaarsiin oo u gaar ah, kuwaasoo u furan shaqaale loo igmaday. 29 QAYBTA VI: LA SOCODKA IYO QIIMAYNTA. I. LA SOCODKA BARNAAMIJKA MAARAYNTA WAYEELLLADA MASIIBOOYINKA 1. Dejinta nidaam ka digitaan qaddiman oo kala duwan oo ay yeeshaan masiibooyinka kala jaadka ah (abaaraha, daadadka, dabka. Duufaanta iwm): o Iyadoo la dejinayo calaamado laysla waafaqay o Kulammo , dib-u-eegid iyo falanqayn waqti leh. o Diiwaan gelin xaaladaha iyo waxa ka dhasha. o Daneeyayaasha oo si joogto ah warka loola wadaago. o Qorsheyn maaliyadeed iyo gurmad isku dubba ridan. o Dejinta nidaamka la socod-hawleed iyo ku dhaqankiisa. o Dejin tusmo dib-u-eegid dhammaan meelaha mudnaanta la siiyey. o Dhidbidda nidaam xog-ururin oo loo adeegsado maaraynta dhibta masiibooyinka. o Dejin nidaam warbixin lagu siiyo heerarka kala korreeya ee maamulka. o Samaynta hantidhawr bulshadeed (Social auditing), iyo baaritaanno lagu sameeyo masiibooyinku sida ay u dhaceen iyo sidii loogu hawlgalay. II: QIIMAYNTA BARNNAMIJKA MAARAYNTA WAYEELLLADA MASIIBOOYINKA 1. Dib-u-eegista iyo qiimaynta nidaamka digitaanka qaddiman  Dib-u-eegis lix biloodle ah oo lagu eego habboonaanshaha digitaanka ee degsan.  Waxaa dib-u-eegista lagu darayaa xaaladda caalamka iyo saamayta ay ku yeelan karto Puntland.  Dib-u-eegis heer Soomaaliyeed iyo her IGAD ah.  Qiimaynta barnaamijka maaraynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka  Dib-u-eegis barnaamij sannadle ah oo heer qaran iyo heer gobol oo si qoto dheer arrinta loogu faaqido iyo soosaarid warbixin sannadeed  Qiimayn dhexe 30 -36 bilood fulinta ka dib  Qiimayn kama dambeys ah dhammaadka fulinta iyo samaynta istaratiijiyad cusub 30 Qeexidda Masuuliyadda iyo Waajibaadka Shaqada Hey’adda HADMA (23 March 2006) Iyada oo laga tilmaan qaadanayo aafooyinka is dabajoogga ahaa ee Puntland ku dhacay 2004tii oo ay ka mid ahayeen abaartii kartoomaley, roobabakii barafka lahaa ee xoolaha badan laayey iyo badgariirkii sunaamida ayaa dawladda Puntland waxa ay magacawday Guddiga Xalaadda degdegga ah, waxaana guddiga loo xilsaaray maraynta waxyeellada Masiibooyinka sida isdabajoogga ah u dhacay si ay ula falgalaan Hey‟adaha Caalamiga ah ee gurmadka u yimi kuwaas oo ku hawlanaa gargaarka degdegga ee lagu sabata bixinaayey dadkii ku waxyeellobay masiibooyinka. In kasta oo lagu dadaalay xiriirinta iyo isku dubbaridka hawlaha gargaarka waxaa soo if baxay in Wasaarad kastaa ay gaar ahaanteeda u ordaysay shaqaduna ayan isku xirnayn, taasina waxa ay keentay isdulfuul aan loo baahnayn ee fulinta Mashaariicda, is-qabqabsi xagga awoodda maamulka iyo khasaare kharash. Haddaba Markii la arkay kala daadsanaanta shaqada iyo isku xirnaanta la‟aanta heykalka shaqo ee Dawladda waxaa lagama maarmaan noqotay in la alkumo hey‟ad si gaar ah u qaabilsan dhamman arrimaha gargaarka Aadamiga iyo maaraynta waxyeellada masiibada. Waxaana la dhisay HADMA (2005). Hey‟addas oo si toosa u hoos tagta Xafiiska Madaxweynaha Puntland, taas oo qaabilsana hawlaha xiriirinta iyo isku dubba ridka gargaarka aadaminimada. HADMA waxa ay tiirdhexaad u tahay dhammaan shaqooyinka hawlagallada gargaarka aadami iyo Maraynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka, waana hey’ad dawli ah oo madaxbannaan, una xilsaaran xiriirinta iyo hoggaminta arrimaha gargaarka aadaminimada, yaraynta iyo ka digidda khatarta masiibooyinka, kasoo kabashada iyo u adkaysiga/gadsiga waxyellada Masiibada. a. Halkudhegga HADMA Halku dhegga HADMA waa gacan sii hey‟adaha arrimaha ku hawlan gargaarka adami si ay u gargaaraan bulshada nugulka ah ah ee Puntland, waxna uga taraan marxaladaha kala duwan ee wax ka qabashada Masiibooyinka b. Aragtida fog (vision) “HADMA‟yoolkeedu waa Puntland oo u diyaarsan una adkaysi leh masiibooyinka: c. Himilada (mission) “HADMA‟ hadafkeedu waa u-hogaaminta Puntland dhanka u diyaar garowga xaaladaha deg dedegga ah iyo isku dubba ridka, kajawaabidda masiiba kastas”. d. Masuuliyadda iyo waajibaadka Shaqada ee Hey’adda HADMA Sida ku qeexan magaca hey‟adda xilka HADMA wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba qaybood oo kala ah Hoggaaminta Gargaarka degdegga ah ee aadaminimo iyo Maaraynta waxyeellada Masiibooyinka, sharciyadda dhismhaheeduna waxaa saldhig u ah dekareetada Madaxweynaha ee soo baxday ee lambarkeedu yahay 19, soona baxday Maarso 2005. Waxaa waajibaadkeeda xilka loo kala qaaday laba qaybood oo kala ah: A. Arrimaha Gargargaarka Adaminimo iyo B. Maaraynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka: 31 1. Xilka Hey’adda ee Hawlaha Arrimaha Gargargaarka Adaminimo  Kormeerka, xiriirinta iyo ilaalaynta macaawinada ku timaadda gargaarka aadaminimo  U qareemidda mashaaricda bini-aadaminimo ee Puntland  Ilaalaynta iyo kormeeeridda gargaarka degdegga ah.  Isku dubbaridka shirarka xiriirinta/ iskuduwidda ee ka dhexeya dawladda iyo hey‟adaha caalamiga ah ee ku hawlan gargaarka bini-aadaminimo iyo hawlaha ka soo kabashada  u soo gudbinta warbixin saddex-biloodle ah iyo mid sanadle ah Madaxweynaha Puntland ee hawlaha gargaarka aadaminimo ee dalka.  dejinta shax muujinaysa shaqada hey‟adaha ku hawlan gargaarka, hawlaha ay hayaan iyo meesha ay ka fulinayaan. 2. Xilka Xarunta xog-isweydaarsiga iyo xiriirinta gargaarka  Xarunta xallinta iyo xal u helidda khilaafadka (is-afgaranwaaga) bulshada Puntland iyo hey‟adaha Gargaarka  Xiriirinta shirarka kalastarrada ku hawlan arrimaha aadamiga iyo shir-qoraalkooda.  Dhexdhexaadinta, bulshada wax loo qabanayo iyo hey‟adaha  Hagidda, hoggaaminta iyo talo siinta dhamman hey‟adaha bah-wadaagta ku ah ama ka wada shaqaynaya gargaarka aadaminimo ee Puntland.  Isku xiridda Xafiisyada Dawladda iyo Hey‟adaha.  U gudbinta iyo u-diyaarinta hey‟adaha caalamiga ah sharuucda iyo hab-dhaqanka dawladda Puntland ee ku saabsan gargaarka aadaminnimo  In la dhiso qaabka digniinta qaddiman, (Early Warning System (EWS))iyada oo laga kaashanayo hey‟adaha, FSNAU, FEWSNET and SWALIM etc  Soo bandhigidda baahida iyo meelaha aan wax laga qaban; Xaqiijinta in baahida si xaqsoor ku jiro loo muujiyo.  Amar bixinta iyo kantaroolka hawlaha hey‟adaha gargaarka Aadamiga mar kasta oo loo baahdo.  In ay ka Codsato ama ka dalbato gargaar beesha calaamka iyada oo ka wakiil ah Dawladda Puntland.  In ay ka hesho hey‟adaha ama ururrada ku hawlan gargaarka adamiga warbixinta qorsha-sanadeedka miisaniyaddooda ee Puntland iyo halka ay marayaan hawlaha ay hayaan (annual allocation and Progress reports) 3. Xilalka Hey’adda ee Maaraynta Waxyeellada Masiibooyinka  Ku dhawaaqidda xaaladda degdegga ah iyada oo ka wakiil ah dawladda Puntland  In ay diyaariso qaylodhaan una gudbiso hey‟adaha Caalamiga ah iyada oo u wakiil ah Dawladda marka ay muuqato xaalad daran.  Sahaminta iyo ka warbixinta xaladda degdegga ah iyada oo la-kaashanaysa dhamman bah-wadaagta shaqada.  Diyaarinta qorshaha gargaarka wax ka qabashada waxyeellada Masiibooyinka.  Hoggaaminta iyo xiriirinta wax ka qabashada waxyeellada Masiibooyinka  Soo bandhigidda meelaha aan wax laga qaban iyo ka ilaalinta isdulfuulka. 32 33 34 35 36 English Version PUNTLAND DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY Government of Puntland SOMALIA FINAL DDR POLICY APPROVED BY CABINET OF MINISTERS AND PARLIAMENT OF PUNTLAND 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag of Puntland.svg 37 38 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMNT 6 PREAMBLE 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 SECTION I: INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 Background 9 1.2 Conceptual Framework 10 1.3 Need for a Policy 14 SECTION II: PUNTLAND DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY 11 2.1 Characteristics of Effective Disaster Management 12 2.2 Key Elements of the Policy 13 2.3 Policy Vision 14 2.4 Policy Goal 14 2.5 Policy Objectives 14 2.6 Policy Principles 15 2.7 Code of Ethics 16 SECTION III: APPROACH AND STRATEGY 17 3.1 Disaster Management 17 3.2 Key Activities in the Pre-disaster Phase 18 3.3 Key Activities in the Response Phase 20 3.4 Key Activities in the Recovery and Rehabilitation Phase 21 file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695450 file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695450 file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695451 file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695451 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file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695459 file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695459 file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695460 39 SECTION IV: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 22 4.1 Puntland Disaster Management Council 22 4.2 Enactment of the Puntland Disaster Management Policy 22 4.3 Legal Framework 23 4.4 Organizational Structure 23 4.4.1 Humanitarian Affairs ans Disaster Mnagement Agency (HADMA) 24 4.4.2 HADMA Directorates 24 4.4.3 Local Authorities 26 SECTION V: RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY 27 5.1 Key Funds 27 5.2 Human and Non-Human Resources 28 5.3 Logistical Arrangements 28 5.4 Infrastructure 29 5.5 Telecommunication 29 SECTION VI: MONITORING AND EVALUATION 29 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file:///C:/Users/User/Desktop/PDM%20Policy%202014/Siyasadda%20Maaraynta%20Masiibooyinka%20Puntland28%20august.docx%23 Toc244695453 40 ACRONYMS CBOs Community Based Organizations CSOs Civil Society Organizations DM Disaster Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EOC Emergency Operation Center EWS Early Warning System GDP Gross Domestic Product GoP Government of Puntland HADMA Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Affairs H.E His Excellency HF High Frequency HFA Hyogo Framework of Action ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICT Information Communication Technology INGOs International Non-Governmental Organizations MoF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Health MOPIC Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation MOWDAFA Ministry of Women development and Family Affairs NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations PASWE Puntland Agency for Social Welfare PDMP Puntland Disaster Management Policy PDMC Puntland Disaster Management Council SAGAs Semi-Autonomous Government Agencies SRCS Somali Red Crescent Society SSDF Somali Salvation Democratic Front UN United Nations UNOCHA United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The HADMA acknowledges the immense support including Consultants, information, financial and technical support and logistics provided to it during the process of the development of these legal documents and its consultancy period by UNICEF and OCHA to Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA) in Puntland. Special thanks go to the consultant Mr. Abdirizak who initiated the first draft of the DRR Policy and Diakonia Sweden for their advice and contribution to the project. It is acknowledged the Role of HADMA staff during the research workshops and development of the document. Their management and informations helped to put the first ideas in real context and perspective. Our highested estimeed special appreciation is for the Cabinet Ministers and Parliament of Puntland who offered their valuable time to approve /endorse the Puntland Disaster Management Policy. Abdullahi Abdurahman Ahmed General Manager of HADMA This document should be cited in this way: HADMA, 2014: Puntland Disaster Management Policy 42 PREAMBLE The 21st Century has seen a high leap, in both frequency and severity of disasters in all continents. Several reasons have been put forward for this, amongst which are climate changes, harmful technologies, unplanned urbanization, poor agricultural practices, conflicts etc. Among other things, these disasters have caused substantial loss of lives, destabilization of socio-economic structures with severe economic and psychological burden on nations. The ultimate outcome leads to poverty, derailed human development and disruption of livelihoods for the people in the least developed countries. Reports indicate that about a third of global mortalities are being caused by some form of disasters. To address these global concerns, the UN Millennium Summit held in September 2000, stipulates specific time-bound targets to be reached by 2015, in what is widely known as the Millennium Declaration. This was designed with the vision of combating poverty and inequality. In order to achieve this, a set of eight goals and targets, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), were mandated to all countries. These goals were incorporated into the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Johannesburg Plan of Implementation in 2002; and Disaster Management was declared as an integral part of sustainable development. The WSSD Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (2002) encourages “An integrated, multi hazard, inclusive approach to address vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management, including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery, as an essential element of a safer world in the 21st century‟‟. It is believed that such a proactive approach to disaster management would go a long way in maximizing disaster risk reduction, which will ensure sustainable development. The Government of Puntland recognizes the need for a proactive, comprehensive and sustained approach to disaster management to reduce the detrimental effects of disasters on the overall socio-economic development of the state. The government believes that there is an urgent need for a policy which articulates its vision and strategy for disaster management in the state is required. In this context, the Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA) with a view to provide guidelines to the various entities involved in disaster management in the state to discharge their functions more effectively, has formulated the Puntland Disaster Management Policy (PDMP). This policy is intended to provide the parameters for the subsequent development of detailed action plans, procedures and protocols to address DRR needs in the various sectors and scenarios present in Seychelles. The Policy is to be reviewed as circumstances may require but regardless not less than every 3 years. 43 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In recent years, the Puntland has been experiencing quite a significant number of disaster events of both natural and anthropogenic origins. These disasters are related to drought, floods, locust invasions, environmental degradation and epidemics. The recurrence of disaster events and the increasing concerns about disaster impacts have attracted a lot of attention from both government and development partners not the least because the risk ramification for vulnerable groups within the society and infrastructure is enormous. Hence the urgent need to design a policy that would outline the development of standard instruments for disaster prevention and preparedness as well as organizational mechanisms for plan implementation. The underlying assumption is that disaster prevention and preparedness are crucial entry points for disaster risk reduction. It is becoming increasingly apparent that investment in disaster prevention saves expenditure in managing disasters. It is therefore important to make the case to decision-makers about the benefits of preventive action and the need to mainstream such actions into development programs. The policy is therefore underpinned by a comprehensive disaster management approach that seeks to achieve the right balance of prevention, preparedness, mitigation and response. The overall objective of the policy is to build safe and resilient communities by enhancing the use of and access to knowledge and information in disaster prevention and management at all levels of society. To this end, the Policy will: a) Promote the incorporation of disaster prevention and management education in both the formal and non formal educational systems. This emphasis entails a two-pronged approach that stresses, on the one hand, broad opportunities for knowledge and information that enhances public awareness of disaster risk reduction, and on the other aspect, sound disaster risk reduction judgment at all levels. b) Pay particular attention to the gender dimension of disaster management. There is a great preventive value in initiatives that focus on women, not only are they the main victims of disasters, but they contribute immensely to community stability and vitality. c) Make a case for a culture of prevention to be taught in schools, emphasized by the media and vigorously pursued by disaster management agencies. d) Promote the incorporation of indigenous knowledge into Early Warning systems and disaster response initiatives. The Policy is divided into six main sections outlining main areas for intervention and institutional structures and agencies needed for disaster interventions. The Policy also identifies key responsibilities and possible financing options as well as simplified Monitoring and Evaluation framework. 44 SECTION I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The Puntland State is geographically located in the eastern portion of Somalia. It borders with Somaliland in the northwest, Gulf of Aden in the north, Indian Ocean in the southeast, Central Somalia in the south and Ethiopia in the west. The total area of Puntland is 212,510 square kilometers (roughly one-third of Somalia's geographical area) with a population estimated at 3.9 million. The Puntland is part of the arid Sahel Zone. The realization that environmental threats could result in serious socioeconomic and human costs has refocused the disaster management agenda on some critical challenges relating to disaster risks reduction. Some of these challenges are in essence development challenges, especially when many of these threats that confront the international community emanate largely from failures of development. At the UN, a series of policy documents and reforms underpinned the new disaster management agenda: ISDR 2002 publication entitled Living with Risk: A Global review of disaster reduction initiatives. Prior to this publication, the UN General Assembly declared 1990-1999 the international decade for national disaster reduction and in 2000, the UN General Assembly founded the ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), a coalition of governments, UN agencies, regional organizations and civil society organizations. In 2005, a major reform within the UN system resulted in some UN agencies, in particular the UNDP, becoming increasingly concerned about disaster risk issues by actively engaging in enhancing disaster risk programmes at country level. The road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration touches on areas which are closely linked to vulnerability to natural hazards such as ensuring environmental stability, the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger and promoting gender equality. In Tandem with developments at the UN, several Governments and NGOs championed issues of disaster reduction. During the world conference on disaster reduction held in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, world Governments agreed on the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 which was formulated as a comprehensive, action-oriented response to international concern about disaster impacts on communities and national development. For its part, the World Bank launched the Pro Vention Consortium in 2000, which works towards a more effective public-private dialogue on disaster risk. One of the major obstacles to effective disaster management policies in the past has been a dominant approach that justifies disaster response. The debate is now moving from the idea of a basic diagnosis of relief operation to a more proactive strategy of disaster prevention. This shift in focus in recent years from disaster response to disaster prevention and disaster risk reduction is largely motivated by the high toll of disasters both in terms of human sufferings and the loss of economic assets. Yet prevailing policy responses of both Governments and the international community is to treat disaster as a series of unexpected events whose remedy lies in the provision of humanitarian relief. This, in essence is what is normally called „crisis survival‟ as the aim is to minimize short-term suffering. What is needed is „a well-resourced and prepared response system with a focus on national and local capacity‟. This Policy Paper emphasizes that any successful mechanism for disaster prevention must be multifaceted and designed for the long-term. The capacity to anticipate and analyze possible disaster threats is a prerequisite for 45 prudent decision-making and effective action. Yet even practical early warning will not ensure successful preventive action unless there is a fundamental change of attitude towards disaster perceptions. An integrated approach that brings together the efforts of the Government, UN agencies, NGOs, donors and local communities is probably the most viable disaster management strategy. 1.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A disaster is “an event that is associated with the impact of a human-induced, natural hazard or a complex emergency which causes a serious disruption in the functioning of a community or society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using only its own resources”. A disaster is declared when its management goes beyond the capacity of a local community or one single government agency, and requires the intervention and co-ordination of the state in order to mobilize resources at a national and sometimes international level. A disaster occurs when a hazard affects vulnerable human beings and their welfare. The severity of a disaster is thus closely linked to the level of vulnerability of the affected population and also depends on the population's resilience (capacity to withstand the shocks of a disaster impact and/or recover from it). The capacity to withstand the effects of a disaster is greatly influenced by the population‟s prevailing socio-economic conditions or asset portfolios. High vulnerability to disasters is, therefore, a function of poverty, political and other socio-economic conditions in a given “environment”. In understanding the economic impact of a disaster, the key elements are disruption of normal functions and inability to cope using available resources within the affected community. Hazards translate into disasters when they interface with vulnerable people or environment. In general, disasters only happen to people who are put at risk as a result of their vulnerability which is generated by differences in wealth and control over resources and power. Political and economic factors play an important role in the causation of disasters. It therefore follows that effective management of hazards and vulnerable populations including the environment can best be achieved by changing the prevailing social, economic and political contexts. Consideration of these factors is critical in a proactive approach to disaster management. This should be at every link of the chain of preparedness, response, mitigation, restoration and prevention as shown in the disaster management cycle. 46 Due to the social consequences of disasters, and the fact that the effects tend to be gender selective, the disaster management cycle should incorporate strong gender considerations. Hazards have different effects on different communities, sectors of the economy and types of infrastructure or any vulnerable “environment”. Therefore, the degree and nature of vulnerability of people, buildings, roads, bridges, communication systems and other elements is different for each hazard risk. 1.3 NEED FOR A POLICY In view of the common disaster threats experienced in Puntland, the Government has been making efforts to create some response mechanism to deal with these threats. Following the Tsunami disaster and droughts that affected large segments of the population, and the major relief operations that followed, the Puntland Cabinet formed an ad-hoc committee which was responsible for managing different aspects of response to disasters. Despite attempts at coordination, the ministries tended to operate their own elements or response in isolation. This led to unnecessary overlaps, wastage of resources and bureaucratic delays. As a result of the fragmented disaster framework that existed, it became necessary to create the Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA) within the Office of President in 2005. This means, the mandate for overall disaster management and co-ordination was vested in the Puntland President. 47 The formulation of this policy is intended to deal with weaknesses identified in the Puntland disaster management regime especially: i. Lack of a disaster management policy that leads to an ad-hoc management of crisis situations. ii. Lack of a legislative framework that gives legal authority to the operations of the disaster management system; iii. Vulnerability to subjective political influence which threatens credibility of programs and sometimes complicates implementation of programs; iv. Coordination which was inadequate, and hence posed a substantial risk of costly duplication of efforts among key players. v. Lack of reliable information about hazards, risks, vulnerabilities and resources; vi. Absence of an agreed upon legal authority on HADMA responsible for disaster management and mitigation negatively affected the timely and effective response to emergencies. SECTION II: PUNTLAND DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2.1.1 Strong and Definitive Lines of Command: The organizational structure should clearly delineate lines of authority and responsibility for all phases of a disaster operation. Specific lines of command in emergency management are especially important considering the fact that a number of governmental agencies and development partners may be involved in the disaster situation. 2.1.2 Disaster Management Procedures: The emergency management functions must be part of the day-to-day operations of the government; that is, emergency planning should be in the routine activities and not something that is “taken off the shelf” when a disaster occurs. 2.1.3 All Hazard Approach: Government emergency management structure (and detailed plans) should be designed to deal with all types of disasters which are most likely to occur, so as to have an emergency management capability which both meets anticipated needs and attracts strong participation and support from the general public. 2.1.4 Motivation Provided for Involvement: Government should include motivation for participation in the emergency management program. Such motivation can apply to both individuals and organizations, and can consist of recognition, promotion, acknowledgement of capability, etc. 48 2.1.5 Strong Coordination among Participating Agencies: Emergency management is a collective responsibility, not just a government duty. It is necessary for the organizational structure to clearly identify those individuals (or organizations) that have the responsibility to coordinate (rather than command) resources which are outside of the direct control of the local government. 2.1.6 Internal Alerting Procedures: The emergency management organization should provide for the alerting of key officials and personnel in times of disaster, including during non-duty hours, and when the public telephone system is not operational. 2.1.7 Ability to Alert the Public Maximized: A public alerting function should be included within the government emergency management organizational structure. This alerting function should be operational for all types of natural and manmade disasters faced by a community. Furthermore, provisions should exist to alert all segments of the community, e.g., those with disability and non Somali speaking residents. 2.2 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE POLICY 2.2.1 The Puntland President will have the prerogative to define the occurrence of a disaster and define the boundaries of the disaster-affected site by issuing a “disaster declaration”. The declaration can be made on the recommendation of the Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA). 2.2.2 The formation of Puntland Disaster Management Council (PDMC) under the Chairmanship of the Government President serves effectively the purpose of overall management of disasters in the State. 2.2.3 The HADMA as the Nodal Agency for management of disasters along with relevant Government authorities will be responsible for implementing all the required activities throughout the disaster management cycle. 2.2.4 The HADMA and local authorities (Governor/Mayors) will be provided special powers to deal with emergency situations created by disasters. The Central Government will simplify procedures to mobilize resources in the emergency situations 2.2.5 Strong links will be established between the nodal agency, Government Ministries, local authorities, development partners, public sector, CSOs, private sector, community groups and other stakeholders to share knowledge, establish coordination mechanisms and augment capacity of all the stakeholders, 2.3 POLICY VISION 49 To build a safe and disaster resilient Puntland by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster oriented and community driven strategy through a culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response. 2.4 POLICY GOAL The overall goal is to build safe and resilient communities by enhancing the use of and access to knowledge and information in disaster prevention and management at all levels of society. 2.5 POLICY OBJECTIVES 2.5.1 Promote a culture of prevention, preparedness and resilience at all levels through knowledge, innovation and environmental sustainability. 2.5.1 Mainstream disaster risk strategies into sustainable development policies and planning. 2.5.2 Establish institutional and legal frameworks to create an enabling regulatory environment and a compliance regime. 2.5.3 Develop contemporary forecasting and early warning systems backed by responsive and fail-safe communication with information technology support. 2.5.4 Ensure efficient response and relief with a caring approach towards the needs of the vulnerable sections of the society. 2.6 POLICY PRINCIPLES A multidisciplinary approach has to be adopted for disaster management as it is the responsibility of all sectors, all organizations and all agencies that may be potentially affected by a disaster. The policy principles are designed to provide guidance during all phases of disaster management and are consistent with internationally accepted best practices. 2.6.1 Integrating Disaster Management into Development Planning: The objectives of the DM policy shall be incorporated in the overall goals of economic and social development of the State. Therefore, the state‟s development strategy shall explicitly address disaster management as an integral part of medium and long-term planning. 50 2.6.2 Effective Inter-agency Cooperation and Coordination: The focus will be on establishing response mechanisms that are quick, coordinated and involving the participation of all stakeholders including those affected by the disaster. 2.6.3 Capacity Building: It would not be possible to manage disasters utilizing the services of only a few stakeholders. The Government recognizes the need to strengthen the capacities of NGOs, the private sector and local communities to become resilient to and cope with disasters while also undertaking the capacity building of government machinery to improve the management of disasters. It is necessary to ensure that vulnerable groups like woman, children, aged persons the sick and the infirm, IDPs, below poverty line populations etc. are aware of their vulnerability to disaster in order to reduce the impact of disasters on them. 2.6.4 Autonomy and Equity: Disasters are tragic events whose impact is felt across socio-economic boundaries. Consequently, any DM effort should be neutral and non-discriminatory. To that extent, it is necessary that the DM institutions possess the autonomy to make decisions in a fair, scientific and systematic manner. Disaster assistance and relief must be provided without any discrimination on the basis of caste, clan, creed, religion, community or sex. 2.6.5 Legal Sanction: The institutions/ individuals responsible for implementing disaster-management activities must have the necessary legal sanction and validity with requisite powers for managing emergency situations. This is necessary to ensure that they are recognized by all stakeholders as the legitimate policy making and/ or implementation authorities. 2.6.6 Financial Sustainability: PDMP advocates allocation of funds to ensure the long term sustainability of disaster management efforts in Puntland. 2.6.7 Cost Sharing and Cost Recovery: It is not possible for the Puntland Government to bear all the costs of disasters on a sustainable basis, or provide rehabilitation on a long-term basis. The long term approach is to move towards spreading the disaster costs through various risk transfer mechanisms. 2.6.8 Develop, Share and Disseminate Knowledge: An institute dedicated to conducting research, development and training activities related to disaster management, shall be set up in the state. This institute would aid in the sharing and dissemination of specialized knowledge related to disaster management among various implementation agencies, NGOs, private sector and the community in the state. Also, basic concepts related to disaster management and the role of the community therein shall be included in schools, colleges and teachers‟ training syllabi. 2.7 CODE OF ETHICS 2.7.1 Humanitarian imperative: The right to receive humanitarian assistance, and to offer it, is a fundamental humanitarian principle which should be enjoyed by all citizens in Puntland. 51 2.7.2 Relief Equity: Aid is given regardless of the race, creed or nationality of the recipients and without adverse distinction of any kind. Aid priorities are calculated on the basis of need alone. 2.7.3 Observe basic rights of beneficiaries: People possess basic rights that are to be observed, respected and followed when undertaking Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM). These include rights to: o Safety, o Be listened to, o Be consulted over any issue that may affect their well-being or future, o Receive appropriate assistance following disaster impact. 2.7.4 Share risk information: Any person or organization undertaking local risk assessment and discovering that a given community is „at risk‟, has an ethical responsibility to share this potentially life preserving information with the individuals, families and communities in question. 2.7.5 Share assessment data: Groups collecting post-disaster damage, needs and capacity assessments will share such information with other stakeholders including the governments to avoid multiple questioning of affected communities and duplication in responding to needs. This principle grows from a concern to respect the dignity of beneficiaries of assistance. 2.7.6 Collaborate rather than compete: Given a common overriding desire to serve the needs of the poor and vulnerable, there is an ethical demand for all organizations undertaking CBDRM to agree to collaborate with each other and local governments, rather than compete with them. This concern is expressed by: o Avoiding competition to secure funds or projects, o Avoiding poaching staff from the local government or adjacent agencies o Using accurate images and data in publicity for fund-raising o Sharing information among all stakeholders o Accepting government coordination of their work o Providing mutual support to assisting bodies SECTION III: APPROACH and STRATEGY 3.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT Disaster Management will have an integrated approach covering the 3 phases of disaster: I. Pre-disaster Phase 52 II. Disaster Phase and III. Post-disaster Phase. Coordinated efforts of some or all the following stakeholders would be required for effective disaster management: a. Puntland Disaster Management Council (PDMC) b. Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA c. Community affected/ vulnerable to disasters d. Volunteer based organizations such as ICRC, SRCS etc. e. Development partners f. Local Authorities g. Civil Society Organizations h. Public Sector Organizations i. Private Sector Organizations HADMA will play the coordinating role in all disaster phases. The other stakeholders will play their assigned roles during any or all the three phases. 3.2 KEY ACTIVITIES IN THE PRE-DISASTER PHASE 3.2.1 Planning for Disaster Management: A State Disaster Management Act shall be enacted to promote disaster management, based on multi-disciplinary, inter- ministerial, intersectoral and unified command approach at all levels. The Puntland Disaster Management Act (to be drafted) will give statutory backing to some of the essential functions and agencies; define their roles, duties and responsibilities in all the three stages. The Puntland Relief Code (to be drafted) will be a part of the overall State Disaster Management Plan and along with other aspects, reviewed at regular intervals to ensure that it adequately meets the requirements of the changing conditions and needs of the people. 3.2.2 Trigger Mechanism: A trigger mechanism will be put in place, which would ensure warning dissemination, quick/ advance mobilization of human and other resources, prompt evacuation and rescue operations as well as steps for recovery and reconstruction. To test the trigger mechanism, regular mock drills at all levels will be institutionalized. 53 3.2.3 Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Reduction: A systematic risk assessment for different types of disasters will be undertaken and coordinated by the HADMA. Attention will be paid to the special needs of the vulnerable sections, which comprise the old, the infirm, the physically and mentally challenged, women, children, and other disadvantaged groups. Special attention will also be given to highly vulnerable and remote areas. 3.2.4 Role of District Councils: Being closest to the people, the role of the local government institutions assumes greater importance in disaster management. They will be the first responders in emergencies. Emphasis will be given to strengthen and empower these institutions and their functionaries, to effectively discharge their functions. 3.2.5 Coordination: All agencies at the State and District levels will inform the HADMA officials before the commencement of any new disaster related activities and submit necessary reports requested for or published by the agency. This will help in minimizing overlap and duplication of efforts and improve coordination. Database on activities of agencies will be developed, periodically updated and disseminated. 3.2.6 Communication System: Constant endeavor will be made to make the communication systems linking the State and Districts as fail- safe as possible. Communication facilities in remote areas will receive special consideration. Simultaneously, alternative standby systems of communication will be put in place in order to ensure that there is no breakdown of communication during extreme events. Application of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in early warning systems, evacuation planning & execution, and rapid damage assessment will be promoted. 3.2.7 Inventory of Resources: A detailed inventory of resources, both human and material, available with all stakeholders required for emergency management functions will be prepared at the State and District levels. The inventory will also provide information on the expertise of individuals/ groups and utility of the materials/ equipment. The inventory updated periodically will be shared with each other. 3.2.8 Strengthening of Infrastructure: Concerted efforts will be made to strengthen roads, bridges, embankments, canals, public & community buildings, power stations & distribution networks and other critical infrastructure in the State with a view to making those disaster resistant. All new public infrastructure and housing, whether in public sector or private, will be constructed incorporating measures which would make those resistant to possible disasters. Adoption of disaster proofing measures will be mandatory and enforced by the concerned authorities. Efforts will be made to halt and discourage encroachment in identified vulnerable and environmentally fragile areas. 3.2.9 Emergency Operation Centre: A State level control room will be established and suitably equipped. In addition, District control rooms must be established and strengthened. 54 3.2.10 Environmental Protection: One of the most important components of Disaster mitigation is protection of the ecosystem. Efforts will be made to preserve and protect these systems with people‟s cooperation. For example, the mangroves in the coastal area, which play a very important role in reducing the impact of cyclones and storms will be protected and restored. Similarly, coastal shelterbelts will be planted, maintained and replenished where necessary. The Government will promote conservation and restoration measures, especially with involvement and participation of the communities dependent on such environmental niches. In drought prone areas, watershed management and improvement of the vegetative cover will be given due priority. Emphasis will be given on promoting better sewerage and waste management systems in the urban areas. 3.2.11 Knowledge Management: The experience from previous disaster situations can provide valuable insights in managing disasters. HADMA shall develop systems and processes that enable knowledge management by capturing, storing and effectively utilizing information related to previous experience in disaster management. 3.3 KEY ACTIVITIES DURING THE RESPONSE PHASE 3.3.1 Objective of Relief: Relief activities will be designed to address the immediate needs of victims with special emphasis on the vulnerable. The HADMA will ensure equity and fairness in relief distribution and avoidance of overlapping of efforts by various agencies. 3.3.2 Relief Personnel: A database of trained personnel will be developed, updated and disseminated to concerned emergency management agencies. 3.3.3 Food & Shelter: Immediate need of food, including those for infants, potable drinking water and temporary shelter will be addressed at the earliest. 3.3.4 Health and Sanitation: All efforts including disinfection of contaminated water sources will be made to prevent outbreak of epidemic. The overall responsibility will vest with MOH. Support from NGOs and UN organizations may be solicited. Special needs of women will be adequately addressed. 3.3.5 Trauma Counseling: Steps will be taken by Government and the Civil Society to counsel those who suffer from post-disaster trauma, especially women and children. 3.3.6 Security: Adequate arrangements will be made to provide security for smooth movement of relief materials. Security will also be provided in the relief camps. Cooperation of persons enjoying social esteem and local trained volunteers will be solicited. 3.3.7 Information Sharing: To ensure dissemination of information and to prevent spread of disinformation and rumors the HADMA will release bulletins and brief the Press from time to time 55 keeping Government informed. The affected community will be provided with correct information for preventing panic. 3.3.8 Rapid Damage Assessment: The district administration, international organizations and the concerned ministries will make quick damage assessment even when the relief operations are going on. HADMA will coordinate this exercise. 3.3.9 Early Transition to Rehabilitation: In order that human dignity is not compromised, efforts must be made to ensure a smooth and quick transition from Relief to Rehabilitation phase. 3.4 KEY ACTIVITIES IN THE RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION PHASE 3.4.1 Detailed Damage Assessment: A detailed and objective damage assessment will be done in the affected area in order to size up and prioritize restoration, reconstruction and rehabilitation measures within the shortest possible time. Respective ministries will undertake detailed sectoral damage assessment on priority basis and complete the same within two months of the event at the latest. Guidelines in this regard will be formulated by the HADMA with approval of the PDMC. In the rehabilitation plan, the special needs of the vulnerable groups and areas prone to repeated disasters will be given priority. 3.4.2 Resource Mobilization: To augment the resources available with the State Government assistance from public and private sectors, multilateral and bilateral agencies, UN organizations, the Civil Society and other charitable organizations will be sought with the approval of the PDMC. Communities and individuals would be encouraged to raise resources necessary for immediate relief within the community itself and to access the District Disaster Management Fund. Coordination system will be put in place at all levels under the aegis of the HADMA, to ensure equitable distribution of resources, avoid duplication of efforts and generate synergy. 3.4.3 Rehabilitation of Orphans and Widows: For the rehabilitation of orphans and widows a community-based approach will be adopted. Institutional rehabilitation will be considered only as an alternative option. The MOWDAFA and PASWE will be the nodal agencies for the rehabilitation of the children who become orphans, and persons who become widows and physically or mentally challenged due to disasters. 3.4.4 Documentation: Documentation of various phases and aspects of disaster management is important for recording valuable experiences and identifying areas where improvements are possible. The HADMA will document various disaster events, highlighting lessons learnt in association with other involved organizations. The HADMA will support consultancy services, research programmes, etc. to increase the level of understanding and evolving appropriate measures to improve the quality and impact of future disaster management. 56 SECTION IV: LEGAL & INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS The Government‟s strategy in the management of disasters in the country is not to create new or additional structures but to ensure optimum utilization of existing resources. Furthermore, since disaster management is multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary it calls for the concerted efforts of people with different professional backgrounds and institutions with expertise in disaster management. The HADMA will have staff posted throughout the country. The organization will set up a mechanism whereby professionals could be called upon to offer technical support and advice. 4.1 PUNTLAND DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL A Disaster Management Council shall be established to provide policy guidelines. The Council shall have the power to review and/or amend the policy to meet the emerging needs of the country in all disaster-related matters. H.E. the President shall head the Council and shall chair its meetings, twice in every year (January/July). However during cases of emergencies this committee can meet as often as the situation demands. The composition of the National Disaster Management Council shall include the following: Ministers of Security, Interior and Local Government, Planning and International Cooperation, Health, Finance, Environment, Public Works and Housing, Livestock, Education, MOWDAFA, HADMA, PASAWEN, Agriculture and Ministry of Ports and Marine transport 4.2 ENACTMENT OF THE PUNTLAND DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY The enactment of this policy will provide the basis for the Institutional and legal framework for Disaster Management in Puntland. 4.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK A legal framework will be established through an Act of Parliament with provisions for: i. The establishment of the Puntland Disaster Management Council (PDMC) and all other Disaster Management structures ii. The powers, functions and funding of HADMA. iii. The activation of disaster management plans to provide immediate assistance to disaster victims even in the absence of a disaster declaration. 57 4.4 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE President SAGA, CSOs, Parliament Central &Local Authorities HADMA UN/INGOS Directorate of Training & Capacity Building PDMC Directorate of DR Profiling & Response Coordination Directorate of PME Directorate of Admin & Finance Media Houses Telecommunication Companies 58 4.4.1 HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY Through this policy, the HADMA will have the following mandates and responsibilities:  Implement the day-to-day management of all disaster management activities as stipulated in the policy guidelines and in any other instructions which may be given by the Puntland Disaster Management Council (PDMC) from time to time;  Establish an effective and efficient National Early Warning / Disaster Monitoring Information System;  Guide national, regional/district and community level Disaster Management processes that will result in the preparation of Contingency Plans to be updated regularly at all levels;  With instruction and advice from the PDMC manage the Puntland Disaster Management Funds, yet to be set up, based on the procedures and guidelines provided;  Through its divisions coordinate the activities of other stakeholders as regards Disaster Management Cycle Activities;  Encourage and enhance collaboration and partnerships through trust-building and running a credible Disaster Management system among all relevant stakeholders;  Spearhead fund-raising activities outside the Government for long term development;  Support capacity-building initiatives for Disaster Management among all relevant stakeholders;  Document, publish and disseminate all relevant Disaster Management data and information to all stakeholders in and around the country;  Operate a functional and effective Monitoring & Evaluation system for programming and management activities on Disaster Management. 4.4.2 HADMA DIRECTORATES HADMA will have four Directorates: Planning and M&E; Disaster Risk Reduction and Response; Training & Capacity Building; Admin & Finance. It will be headed by a Director General appointed by the Head of the Government of Puntland. i) Directorate of Disaster Risk Reduction and Response The responsibilities of this Directorate are:  Regular monitoring, collection, analysis and evaluation of information on the most frequent disasters in the country 59  Coordination of all Early Warning System/ Information Service providers in order to harmonize the information available on Disaster Management  Production of regular Early Warning Disaster Management bulletins and publications  Maintenance of a database of information and trends on Disaster Management in the country  Development of hazard maps and disaster risk profiles based on a baseline year; and continue to update this information for future scenario planning in collaboration with other partners and stakeholders  Promotion of information and experience sharing among stakeholders:  Carry out strategic disaster-related needs assessments and provide recommendations to stakeholders involved in response initiatives  Facilitation of the planning and implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Response Interventions, based on the Disaster Cycle;  Tracking the cost of all Disaster Response interventions by all stakeholders, phase by phase, in order to estimate the cost of a particular disaster, and for better judgment of the management costs of each phase. ii) Directorate of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation The responsibilities of this directorate are:  Monitor, Analyze and Evaluate data at different stages of the disaster  Undertake impact assessments of all disaster management response interventions;  Provide information and reports to the data bank and relevant authorities and stakeholders;  Collate and document lessons and experiences of implementing disaster response interventions by all stakeholders and use these to update data bank and institutional memory;  Undertake applied research related to disaster management;  Monitor and undertake applied research on the impacts of Climate Change and Environmental Revolution in relation to Disaster Management;  Draft strategic and development plans. iii) Directorate of Training & Capacity Building The responsibilities of this Directorate are: 60  To establish systematically a structured corps of professional and technical disaster management personnel;  Promote systematic functional education for Disaster Management in formal and public educational systems;  Promote sensitization and public awareness on Disaster Management in liaison with Government and all stakeholders, including the Media, NGOs, CSOs, CBOs, and development partners;  To implement appropriate training at all levels for practical, technical Disaster Management through structured courses;  Undertake periodic audits of the qualifications for DM technical and professional personnel with a view to upgrading and sustaining acceptable and effective standards;  To promote and uphold the ethos and ethics of the code of conduct for acceptable procedures and operations in DM; and  To facilitate and eliminate deficiencies in capacity building at all levels, through standardized and officially-approved DM courses and curricula. iv) Directorate of Administration and Finance The responsibilities of this directorate are:  Establish administrative procedures and guidelines for the whole of HADMA;  Establish financial procedures and guidelines for HADMA;  Facilitate effective and timely disbursement of funds within all the directorates;  Facilitate regular audits of staff‟ skills, human resource requirements, equipment as well as financial in order to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of the organization;  Together with the PDMC, establish procedures for the management of the funds and financial disbursements to relevant institutions in the disaster-affected areas. 4.4.3 LOCAL AUTHORITIES The Local Authorities play a coordinating role at the Regional/district levels to ensure that the various Government functionaries in the area effectively carry out the DM activities in all phases. Working closely with Government departments and local bodies, the roles of Local Authorities include:  Ensuring that prevention, mitigation and preparedness activities are carried out in accordance with the appropriate guidelines;  Providing inputs to HADMA relating to various aspects of disaster management, including early warnings, status of preparedness etc.; 61  Ensuring that relevant officials in the districts possess the knowledge to deal with disaster management issues;  Developing an appropriate relief implementation strategy for the districts, taking into account the unique circumstances of each district and prevailing gaps in institutional capacity and resources of the district;  Facilitating and coordinating with local Government bodies to ensure that pre-disaster DM activities in the districts are carried out optimally;  Facilitating community training, awareness programmes and the installation of emergency facilities with the support of other local authorities, NGOs and the private sector;  Involving the community in the planning and development process;  Ensuring appropriate linkage between DM activities and planning activities;  Revisiting/ reassessing contingency plans related to disaster management;  Ensuring that proper communications systems are in place, and contingency plans maximize the involvement of local agencies;  Ensuring that DM related equipment and facilities are routinely maintained and ready to use. SECTION V: RESOURCE MOBILIZATION and ACCOUNTABILITY The implementation of an effective disaster management will require adequate and sustainable resources. These include financial, human and material resources including development of infrastructure. 5.1 KEY FUNDS This policy proposes that there should be at least two funds for disaster management; one at the national level and another at the district level. These funds are: I. The Puntland Disaster Management Fund The Policy proposes establishment of Puntland Disaster Management Fund administered by HADMA in compliance with recommended legal, rules and regulations. This fund will receive contributions from the Ministry of Finance and donations from individuals, the private sector and the civil society as well as development partners for disaster management activities. This policy proposes 1 % of the Government Annual Budget be allocated for disaster management and HADMA activities on disaster risk reduction, preparation and response 62 II. District Disaster Management Fund This Policy proposes the establishment of a District Disaster Management Fund in all Districts. The Government will channel funds to these accounts to enhance effective disaster management activities. This policy proposes that 2 % of the district taxations be allocated for the District Disaster Management Fund and any other emergencies 5.2 HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN RESOURCES Effective inventorying and coordination for Disaster Management in emergencies are inadequate. In order to increase the capacity to respond quickly to disasters, inventories of both human and non-human resources will be kept and maintained at HADMA and district levels in a secure database. Training-needs assessments will be conducted, to establish the available Disaster Management skills and experiences in the state, with the view to filling the identified gaps. Training of uniformed personnel in disaster response to provide back up during response will also be supported. The Ministry of Education will be supported to mainstream Disaster Management and Climate Change in training curriculums, in order to create in-depth mass environmental literacy and national capacity building for sustainable Disaster Management. The non-human inventory will establish the existing equipment and infrastructure where they are located. This will inform decision-making on measures to be taken to address these gaps. The information will also make it easier to move equipment when needed. 5.3 LOGISTICAL ARRANGEMENTS Because of the lack of adequate equipment and materials to be used in disaster response, all available equipment including that with the uniformed services should be availed in times of emergencies and disaster response. This policy proposes that a criterion for use of privately owned equipments and machinery in times of disasters be established to ensure that these materials are available when needed. 63 5.4 INFRASTRUCTURE This policy proposes that: 1. Stockpiles are to be established for food and non-food items at the district level as informed by the disaster profiling. 2. Collaboration with local authorities and the Ministry of Housing and Public Works is to ensure the construction and upgrading of infrastructure development – markets, schools, hospitals, water and roads - for effective response in case of disasters. 5.5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Channels will be secured from the Telecommunication Companies to be used in times of disasters for the purposes of ensuring dedicated Communication System for disaster management at various stages. These will only be accessible to authorized personnel. SECTION VI: Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring disaster management issues, particularly the operationalisation and constant monitoring of an early warning system is critical. The general frame wok for monitoring and evaluating the programme is as follows: I. MONITORING THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME  Setting up an early warning system for disasters of different nature (Droughts, floods, fires, cyclones etc.) o Development of indicators (early warning signals) o Periodic gathering, review and analysis of information o Documentation of status and implications o Regular feedback to stakeholders o Financial planning of responses 64  Monitoring systems development and operationalisation o Develop/review indicators for each priority area o Set up data collection system for management (during disasters) and mitigation of effects (when, who and how) o Develop analysis and reporting mechanisms (central, national and regional levels) o Set up feedback systems (central, national and regional levels) and develop formats for monthly and quarterly reports o Social auditing, investigations, enquiries into disaster events II: EVALUATION OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME  Review/Evaluation of the Early Warning System o Six monthly review of the Early warning system for suitability in providing warning signals; should include review and analysis of global situation and potential implications for the Puntland o National and regional (IGAD) review of report and revision of strategies  Evaluation of the Disaster management programme o Annual programme review national and regional levels and Annual Report preparation with critical review of issues in the year ( revision of programme activities and strategies if needed) o Mid-Strategy Evaluation after 30-36 months of implementation o End of strategy implementation and policy evaluation (should form the basis for a new strategy) 65 Specific Mandates, Roles and Responsibilities of HADMA Following the Tsunami disaster and droughts that affected large segments of the population after the tsunami on 26/12/04, there were several International NGOs and UN agencies responding the aftermath of tsunami disaster and the major relief operations that followed, the Puntland Cabinet formed an ad-hoc committee which was responsible for managing different aspects of response to disasters. Despite attempts at coordination, the ministries tended to operate their own elements or response in isolation. This led to unnecessary overlaps, wastage of resources and bureaucratic delays. As a result of the fragmented disaster framework that existed, it became necessary to create the Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA) within the Office of President in 2005. This means, the mandate for overall disaster management and co-ordination was vested in the Puntland President.  HADMA is In the middle of the humanitarian interventions, an independent institution which is responsible the coordination and the leadership of humanitarian activities and Disaster Risk Reduction, Resilience and Recovery Programs on the ground. HADMA’s motto HADMA’s motto is to assist the humanitarian actors to Assist Puntland Vulnerable Communities whether responding to DRR, Resilience and Recovery stages. Vision Statement “HADMA’s vision is a Puntland where society is prepared for – and resilient to – disasters”. Mission Statement “HADMA’s mission is to lead Puntland towards emergency preparedness and to coordinate the response to any disaster and rehabilitation and recovery, Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience”. Mandate and the role of HADMA As clearly indicated by the statement of “Humanitarian affairs and disaster management agency” in HADMA, base legitimacy of the presidential decree No. 19, HADMA’s mandate and role has two dimensions: C. Humanitarian affairs and D. Disaster management: 66 A. Humanitarian Affairs  Supervision, coordination and monitoring of humanitarian assistance  Advocacy of humanitarian programs in Puntland  Monitor and supervise the humanitarian relief  Coordinate meetings between the government and International Organizations International Agencies involved in Humanitarian assistance and recovery activities.  Submit quarterly and annual reports of humanitarian activities in the country to the presidential office.  Develop and maintain Puntland humanitarian matrix (who does what matrix). Function as humanitarian information and coordination center  Hub for concerns communications and complaints of the local communities over humanitarian agencies and seek solution for them  Coordination of Humanitarian Cluster and forum meeting to record outcomes and reduce repetitive unnecessary meetings.  Mediate between the International Agencies and local beneficiaries.  Guide, introduce, direct and give advice to all Puntland humanitarian actors.  Liaison between agencies and government departments.  Make government legislation and standard procedures on humanitarian assistance available to International community.  Establishment of an Early Warning System (EWS) in close Co-operation and collaboration with concerned local and International Agencies, FSNAU, FEWSNET and SWALIM etc  Identify needs and gaps; ensure equity based on need alone.  Regulate activities of humanitarian agencies, as necessary  Request Donations for emergencies from international Communities on behalf of Puntland Government to be transferred to the respective line authorities.  Receive from Humanitarian Agencies/Organizations their Annual allocations for Puntland and progress reports on their activities. B. Disaster management  Declare emergencies on behalf of Punt land government  Prepare and submit appeals to the international community on behalf of the government in times of emergencies  Initial assessment of emergencies in collaboration with respective stakeholders  Plan humanitarian response to the disasters  Lead and coordinate humanitarian response to disasters  Identify gaps and avoid overlapping  Manage contingencies and basic emergency stocks  Disaster mitigation, DRR and Resilience, advocacy at national and district levels. 67  Set preparedness plans for emergencies.  Harmonize sectoral plans to fit in the national emergency plan.  Mapping of Major risks and vulnerabilities as well as capacities.  Managing Humanitarian Responses and Developing exit strategies