Norway's nationally determined contribution for 2035

1 Quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year): (a) Reference year(s), Base year: 1990 base year(s), reference period(s) or other starting point(s); (b) Quantifiable information on the The reference indicator will be quantified based on national total greenhouse gas emissions reference indicators, their values in the without land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in 1990. The total includes reference year(s), base year(s), reference indirect CO2 from the atmospheric oxidation of CH4 and NMVOCs and corresponds to period(s) or other starting point(s), and, "Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, without LULUCF" in the as applicable, in the target year; Common Reporting Tables (CRT). The current base year emission level is about 51.35 Mt CO2-equivalents. The final value for the base year emissions will be reported in the 2037 inventory submission covering the time series 1990-2035. Emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector that are additional will be accounted for when assessing achievement of the target. There is ongoing work to clarify the LULUCF methodology and to identify a relevant indicator. The final choice of LULUCF methodology shall not adversely affect the overall level of ambition in the NDC for 2035. The government aims to achieve a positive contribution from the LULUCF sector in fulfilling the NDC for 2035. 2 (c) For strategies, plans and actions referred Not applicable. to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement, or polices and measures as components of nationally determined contributions where paragraph 1(b) above is not applicable, Parties to provide other relevant information; (d) Target relative to the reference indicator, At least 70-75 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2035 compared to 1990 expressed numerically, for example in levels. percentage or amount of reduction; (e) Information on sources of data used in The reference indicator will be quantified based on national total GHG emissions in 1990 as quantifying the reference point(s); reported in Norway's National Inventory Document (NID) and Biennial Transparency Report (BTR). There is ongoing work to identify a reference indicator for the emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector. The final choice of LULUCF methodology shall not adversely affect the overall level of ambition in the NDC for 2035. (f) Information on the circumstances under The national total greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 may be updated and recalculated due to which the Party may update the values methodological improvements. Information on updates will be reported in the NIDs and of the reference indicators. reflected in the BTRs.

2 Time frames and/or periods for implementation: (a) Time frame and/or period for From 1st January 2031- 31st December 2035 implementation, including start and end date, consistent with any further relevant decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA); (b) Whether it is a single-year or multi-year Single-year target in 2035. target, as applicable. 3

3 Scope and coverage: (a) General description of the target; Absolute, economy-wide, emission reductions by at least 70-75 per cent in 2035 compared to base year (1990) emissions. Norway plans to fulfil the NDC for 2035 through domestic measures and in cooperation with the European Union in accordance with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. If deemed necessary, achievement of the target can be supported by ITMOs acquired outside the European Economic Area (EEA). Norway intends to facilitate the transition of its economy to a low-emission society and achieve significant domestic emission reductions through robust and effective policies and measures. (b) Sectors, gases, categories and pools Information will be provided in Norway's NID and BTR that will be consistent with the covered by the nationally determined IPCC guidelines. contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with Intergovernmental Panel Sectors on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; Energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, LULUCF sector, and waste. For the LULUCF sector, emissions and removals from all categories that are additional will be included. See also 1(b). Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). (c) How the Party has taken into Chapter 1.7 of Norway's NID describes the sources considered insignificant and reported as consideration paragraph 31(c) and (d) of not estimated. The NID provides justifications for exclusion in terms of the likely level of decision 1/CP.21; emissions and how these are in line with the thresholds specified in decision 18/CMA.1. (d) Mitigation co-benefits resulting from Not applicable. Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, including description of specific projects, measures and initiatives of Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans. 4

4 Planning processes: (a) Information on the planning processes The NDC for 2035 has been developed through a broad and consultative process in three that the Party undertook to prepare its steps: nationally determined contribution and, 1. Interministerial processes based on initial modelling and feasibility assessements if available, on the Party’s drawing on input from relevant agencies which has been made publicly available. implementation plans, including, as 2. A government proposal for the NDC presented for offical public hearing from appropriate: October through December 2024. 3. A legislative proposal for the NDC for 2035 submitted for parliamentary consideration and inclusion in the Norwegian Climate Change Act. The Parliamentary process also included a hearing with stakeholders. The parliamentary consideration of the legislative proposal resulted in additional provisions related to the climate target for 2035. According to the Norwegian Climate Change Act, the climate target for 2035 can be achieved through domestic emission reductions, in cooperation with the European Union as well as in cooperation with countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA). In its consideration, the Norwegian Parliament decided that the Government is to plan to fulfil the NDC for 2035 through domestic measures and in cooperation with the European Union. The Norwegian Parliament also underlined that the European Union’s NDC and legislation for the period after 2030 will have implications for the implementation of Norway’s NDC for 2035. It is Norways’s intention to continue climate cooperation with the European Union. Clarity on this will be provided in the BTR. To support the implementation of the new NDC for 2035, the Government presented to the Parliament a Government white paper on climate policy for 2035,1 along with the legislative proposal to include the 2035 climate target in the Norwegian Climate Change Act. 1 Meld. St. 25 (2024–2025) Klimamelding 2035 – på vei mot lavutslippssamfunnet. Available on the Norwegian Government’s webpages: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-25-20242025/id3095592/ 5 According to the Norwegian Climate Change Act, the Government shall each year submit to the Parliament updated information on status and progress in achieving the climate targets under the law, including Norway’s current NDCs. The Government’s annual reporting to Parliament pursuant to the Climate Change Act has since 2022 been a separate document to the budget proposal, named Climate Status and Plan.2 The Government’s Climate Status and Plan presents annual progress on climate policy development, progress reporting towards achieving Norway’s climate targets, as well as the Government’s planned measures to achieve these targets. Norway’s main policy instruments are taxation of greenhouse gas emissions, regulatory measures including the emissions trading scheme, climate-related requirements in public procurement processes, information on climate-friendly options, financial support for the development of new technologies, such as CCS, and initiatives to promote research and innovation. Information on policies and measures to achive the NDC for 2035 will be reported in Norway's future BTR. (i) Domestic institutional arrangements, On the institutional arrangements for preparation and implementation of climate policies the public participation and engagement overall national climate policy is decided by the Storting (Norwegian Parliament), and the with local communities and indigenous Government implements and administers the most important policies and measures, such as peoples, in a gender-responsive manner; economic instruments and direct regulations. The Ministry of Climate and Environment has the overarching responsibility for coordinating climate efforts and reporting on the overall achievement of climate targets. The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the tax schemes. The other ministries are responsible for policies in their respective sectors. Further details on institutional arrangements are found in Norway's BTR. General and sector specific legislation, support, taxation and other measures are in place to protect and avoid, reduce or manage adverse impacts on climate and environment. These 2 The previous Climate Status and Plan was published in October 2024. Available on the Norwegian Government’s webpages: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/regjeringens-klimastatus-og-plan/id3056241/ 6 provide for broad access to information, participation and justice. Civil society is broadly and actively engaged. The Environmental Information Act, implementing the Aarhus Convention, establishes public participation in decision-making processes relevant for the environment. The Public Administration Act requires legal proposals to be subject for public hearings. Consequently, the NDC for 2035 has been developed through a broad and consultative process, see 4 (a). In preparation of the NDC for 2035, as well as the policies to implement the target, the government has put emphasis on including the voice of civil society, in particluar children and youth. For example, children and youth views are reflected in the knowledge base for the white paper on climate policy for 2035. The report from an expert committee appointed to assess pathways to the 2050 target provided relevant information for the white paper. The expert committee had an extensive involvement of children and youth throughout the assessment period. For consultations with indigenous people, Sámi People, procedures for consultation processes between the central government and the Sámediggi, established in 2005, constitute a crucial framework for ensuring Sámi rights under international law to participate in processes that may affect them. (ii) Contextual matters, including, inter alia, as appropriate: a. National circumstances, such as a. Information on national circumstances can be found in Norway's BTR. geography, climate, economy, sustainable development and poverty eradication; b. Norway has a process for involving the Parliament (Storting) in developing climate b. Best practices and experience related to targets and implementing policies. According to the Norwegian Climate Change Act, to the preparation of the nationally promote the transition to a low-emission society, the Norwegian Government is required determined contribution; to present updated climate targets to the Parliament every five years. These targets must be based on the best available scientific knowledge and be quantified and measurable to 7 the extent possible. Each new climate target must represent progress from the previous one and support a gradual transition toward a low-emission society by 2050. The targets must also be consistent with Norway’s NDCs under the Paris Agreement, and with any joint implementation efforts with the European Union. In addition, the Government shall each year submit to the Parliament updated information on status and progress in achieving the climate targets under the law. This ensures broad political ownership of the target and transparency while progressing towards the achievement of the target. c. Other contextual aspirations and c. On contextual aspirations and priorities acknowledged when joining the Paris priorities acknowledged when joining Agreement reflected in the preambular paragraphs for the Paris Agreement, Norway the Paris Agreement highlights the following: Just transition: Norway has an extensive system for social protection and institutionalised tripartite dialogue between the government, trade unions and employer organisations, originating from the 1960s. This serves, amongst others, to stabilize the economy and work life in periods of transition. In the government white paper on climate policy for 2035, just transition is an overarching principle. Just transition considerations are integrated in the Norwegian framework for considering possible policies and measures. The Government further acknowledges the importance of a just transition towards a low-emission society, and is working towards this along three dimensions: a just transition of the working life, distributional effects in Norway, and participation and involvement of the society and people. A just transition council was established in 2022 by the Government. The council consists of representatives from eight labour unions and employer unions, and has across four meetings discussed questions related to a just transition towards net zero from an employer and employee perspective. It is a priority for the Government to facilitate the creation of profitable green jobs through pricing, public procurement, regulations and measures that supports technology development. Human Rights: Human rights are enshrined in the Norwegian Constitution. The Human Rights Act incorporates the main human rights conventions into Norwegian law. This Act prevails over other Norwegian legislation in case of conflicts between norms. 8 Children and youth are crucial to identify opportunities to integrate youth perspectives and communities for collaborative NDC implementation. Young people are not only vulnerable to climate change, but also important decision-makers who can drive climate action and serve as beneficiaries of climate action efforts. Norway is implementing measures to facilitate active engagement and participation by childeren and youth in climate policies. Indigenous People: ref above 4 (a) (i) Food security: Norway has limited land suitable for arable crops. Therefore self- sufficiency of food crops is relatively modest, whereas self-sufficiency of livestock products is high. Fish and seafood also represent a large and important contribution to national food production. Norway's role in global food security in the context of climate change is to adapt to a changing climate, manage and use these resources sustainably, to secure food supplies while emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced. In the white paper on climate policy for 2035, the food system is addressed. Gender equality: The Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act entered into force in 2018. The Act's purpose is to promote gender equality. The Act provides protection against discrimination on the basis of gender, pregnancy, leave in connection with birth or adoption and care responsibilities. Women and men are to be given equal opportunities in education and work, and in their cultural and professional development. Norway actively works to promote women's rights and participation in climate policy within the international climate negotiations. Norway is also committed to promoting gender balance and diversity in national delegations to the climate negotiations. Local communities: Local authorities have several roles and responsibilities that are important in transitioning Norway to a low-emission society. Municipalities influence societal development through their roles as planning authorities, public service providers, purchasers, and owners and operators of property. They also play a key role in 9 ensuring participation and democracy in the local community, which is central to a just transition. In their various roles, municipalities have significant room for action. Many have developed their own climate and energy plans to guide local action. County authorities coordinate regional planning and manage public transport. In addition, municipalities and counties are major public purchasers, and by prioritizing sustainable procurement, they can drive demand for low-emission technologies and environmentally friendly solutions. To support the local authorities the government offers funding through Klimasats, a grant scheme that provides financial support for projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote low-emission solutions. (b) Specific information applicable to Not applicable Parties, including regional economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached an agreement to act jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, including the Parties that agreed to act jointly and the terms of the agreement, in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 16–18, of the Paris Agreement; (c) How the Party’s preparation of its The preparation of Norway’s NDC for 2035 was informed by best available science and the nationally determined contribution has outcomes of the global stocktake, including paragraphs 28-36 in the global stocktake been informed by the outcomes of the outcomes contained in Decision 1/CMA.5. global stocktake, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris These provisions are also taken into consideration in the design and implementation of the Agreement; Government’s white paper on climate policy for 2035, as well as in the climate policies reflected in the Government’s Climate Status and Plan which is the Government’s annual reporting to Parliament pursuant to Norway’s Climate Change Act. 10 The global stocktake outcomes provide a comprehensive roadmap for enhancing climate ambition and implementation. In particular the recognition of the importance of, and the clear call for, enhanced action based on scientific findings of the IPCC was of vital importance to inform the overall level of ambition in the NDC for 2035 as referred to above. Specifically, the outcome of the first global stocktake recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C with no or limited overshoot requires deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 60 per cent by 2035 relative to the 2019 level. The outcome of the first global stocktake also recalls Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement which provides that developed country Parties should continue taking the lead. Norway is dedicated to high ambitions and consequently submits this second NDC that goes beyond this collective milestone. (d) Each Party with a nationally determined Not applicable contribution under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement that consists of adaptation action and/or economic diversification plans resulting in mitigation co-benefits consistent with Article 4, paragraph 7, of the Paris Agreement to submit information on: (i) How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the nationally determined contribution; (ii) Specific projects, measures and activities to be implemented to contribute to mitigation co-benefits, including information on adaptation 11 plans that also yield mitigation co- benefits, which may cover, but are not limited to, key sectors, such as energy, resources, water resources, coastal resources, human settlements and urban planning, agriculture and forestry; and economic diversification actions, which may cover, but are not limited to, sectors such as manufacturing and industry, energy and mining, transport and communication, construction, tourism, real estate, agriculture and fisheries.

5 Assumptions and methodological approaches, including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and, as appropriate, removals: (a) Assumptions and methodological Norway reports in accordance with Decision 18/CMA.1 and 5/CMA.3 its NID and BTR on approaches used for accounting for the progress towards its NDC. The Initial Report pursuant to guidance under Article 6 is anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions forthcoming.3 For accounting relevant information, Norway will use the accounting and removals corresponding to the guidance in Decision 4/CMA.1, as well as guidance pursuant to Article 6, in particular Party’s nationally determined Decision 2/CMA. 3. For IPCC methodologies and metrics, see 5 (d). contribution, consistent with decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 31, and accounting Final accounting towards the target is expected to take place in 2037/2038. guidance adopted by the CMA; (b) Assumptions and methodological Not applicable. approaches used for accounting for the implementation of policies and measures or strategies in the nationally determined contribution; 3 For the latest submissions see Norway’s NID 2025 and first BTR. Norway’s NID 2025 is available on the UNFCCC’s webpages: https://unfccc.int/documents/646033 Norway’s first BTR 2025 is available on the UNFCCC’s webpages: https://unfccc.int/documents/644967 12 (c) If applicable, information on how the Norway's current GHG inventory is based on metrics agreed upon by the CMA and Party will take into account existing methodologies and good practice guidance from the IPCC. methods and guidance under the Convention to account for Emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector that are additional will be accounted for anthropogenic emissions and removals, when assessing achievement of the target. There is ongoing work to clarify this method. in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 14, of the Paris Agreement, as appropriate; (d) IPCC methodologies and metrics used In the inventory, 2006 IPCC Guidelines, 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC for estimating anthropogenic greenhouse Guidelines, IPCC 2013 KP Supplement and parts of IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement will gas emissions and removals; be used for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and removals. Global warming potentials (GWP) for a 100 year time horizon from the IPCCs fifth Assessment Report or from a subsequent IPCC assessment report as agreed upon by the CMA, will be used to calculate the emissions in CO2 equivalents. (e) Sector-, category- or activity-specific assumptions, methodologies and approaches consistent with IPCC guidance, as appropriate, including, as applicable: (i) Approach to addressing emissions and To be determined. Assumptions, methodologies and approaches will be reported in future subsequent removals from natural BTRs to document additional emissions and removals in the LULUCF sector. The disturbances on managed lands; methodology will describe the relevance of any provisions related to natural disturbances. (ii) Approach used to account for emissions To be determined. Assumptions, methodologies and approaches will be reported in future and removals from harvested wood BTRs to document additional emissions and removals in the LULUCF sector. The products; methodology will describe the relevance of approaches related to harvested wood products. In the inventory, Norway uses the production approach to account for emissions and removals from harvested wood products, as defined in the IPCC Guidelines. (iii) Approach used to address the effects of To be determined. Assumptions, methodologies and approaches will be reported in future age-class structure in forests; BTRs to document additional emissions and removals in the LULUCF sector. The final choice of LULUCF methodology shall not adversely affect the overall level of ambition in the NDC for 2035. (f) Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for understanding the nationally determined contribution and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including: 13 (i) How the reference indicators, baseline(s) The reference indicator is the GHG inventory except for the LULUCF sector. Assumptions, and/or reference level(s), including, methodologies and approaches will be reported in BTRs to document additional emissions where applicable, sector-, category- or and removals in the LULUCF sector. activity-specific reference levels, are constructed, including, for example, key parameters, assumptions, definitions, methodologies, data sources and models used; (ii) For Parties with nationally determined Not applicable. contributions that contain non greenhouse-gas components, information on assumptions and methodological approaches used in relation to those components, as applicable; (iii) For climate forcers included in Not applicable4. nationally determined contributions not covered by IPCC guidelines, information on how the climate forcers are estimated; (iv) Further technical information, as Not applicable. necessary; (g) The intention to use voluntary Norway plans to fulfil the NDC for 2035 through domestic measures and in cooperation cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris with the European Union in accordance with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. If deemed Agreement, if applicable. necessary, achievement of the target can be supported by ITMOs acquired outside the European Economic Area (EEA). Final accounting towards the target may depend on any further arrangements in Norway's climate cooperation with the European Union, including in the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) where the EEA EFTA states also participate. 4 Norway has an active policy also for limiting emissions of short lived climate forcers as reported in the BTR. 14 Norway has established a program for voluntary cooperation with developing countries under Article 6.5 Norway will report on progress towards its NDC through the transparency framework under the Paris Agreement, and account for its cooperation under Article 6 in a manner consistent with the guidance adopted by CMA, including Decision 2/CMA.3.

6 How the Party considers that its nationally determined contribution is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances: (a) How the Party considers that its Norway considers the NDC for 2035 to be a fair and ambitious contribution to limit the nationally determined contribution is global temperature increase to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels. The most important fair and ambitious in the light of its basis for this assessment are the IPCC reports and the outcome of the first global stocktake. national circumstances; A key outcome of the first global stocktake is the recognition that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C with no or limited overshoot requires deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 60 per cent by 2035 relative to the 2019 level. In considering fairness and equity, Norway takes into account national circumstances, including the fact that Norway is a high-income country. Norway's second NDC to reduce emissions by at least 70-75 per cent by 2035 reflects an ambitious path towards 2050 that goes beyond the average global emissions reductions referred to in the global stocktake. Norway also provides significant support that contributes to emission reductions in developing countries. These efforts also contribute to achieve the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement as well as the other elements of its article 2 related to adaptation and finance flows, and Norway’s efforts are thus wider than what is covered by the NDC. 5 Norwegian Global Emission Reduction Initiative (NOGER). More information is available on the Norwegian Government’s webpages: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/climate-and-environment/climate/norwegian-global-emission-reduction-initiative/id3074249/ 15 (b) Fairness considerations, including See 6 (a). reflecting on equity; (c) How the Party has addressed Article 4, Norway's second NDC for 2035 represents a progression beyond its first NDC for 2030. paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement; The NDC is an ambitious target for Norway, and reflects Norway’s highest possible ambition, in the light of national circumstances. The achievement of the target is dependent on a broad set of mitigation measures. The implementation of the NDC for 2035 will be an important part of Norway's transition to a low-emission society by 2050. To enable a high level of ambition for the new NDC for 2035, Norway plans to use a combination of domestic emission reductions and cooperation with the European Union, pursuant to Articles 4.2 and 6.1 of the Paris Agreement. If deemed necessary, achievement of the target can be supported by ITMOs acquired outside the European Economic Area (EEA). (d) How the Party has addressed Article 4, Norway is communicating an ambitious, economy-wide absolute emission reduction target paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement for 2035 through this submission. (e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, Not applicable. paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement.

7 How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2: (a) How the nationally determined Norway regards the long-term target of the Paris Agreement to be in line with Article 2 of contribution contributes towards the Convention. The answer to this question is therefore explained under 6 (a). achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2; (b) How the nationally determined See 6 (a) and 7 (a). contribution contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. 16