Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)

Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 附件三 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 4 2 Basic Information of the Macao SAR .................................................... 5 2.1 Overview of the Macao SAR ................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Geographical Location ........................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Population, Tourists and Language ........................................................ 6 2.1.3 Economic Development ....................................................................... 6 2.1.4 State of the Environment ....................................................................... 7 2.1.4.1 Atmospheric Environment ..................................................................... 7 2.1.4.2 Water Resources ..................................................................................... 8 2.1.4.3 Waste ...................................................................................................... 9 2.1.4.4 Nature and Ecosystems ........................................................................ 11 2.1.5 Medical Service ................................................................................... 11 2.2 System, Environmental Policies, Regulatory Framework and Associated Implementation Mechanisms ............................................ 12 2.2.1 Political System ................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Environmental Policies ........................................................................ 14 2.2.3 Departments involved in the Implementation of the “Convention” or Management of POPs and their Functions and Responsibilities ......... 15 2.2.4 International Conventions Concerning the Control of POPs and Applicable to the Macao SAR ............................................................. 19 2.2.5 Rules and Regulations Concerning the Control of POPs..................... 20 2.2.6 Regulatory Framework and Associated Implementation Mechanisms 20 2.3 Assessment of the POPs Issues in the Macao SAR ........................... 20 2.3.1 Assessment of POPs Pesticides in Annex A of the “Convention” ...... 20 2.3.2 Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Annex A of the “Convention” ....................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) in Annex A of the “Convention” ............ 22 2.3.4 Assessment with Respect to HBCD in Annex A of the “Convention” 22 2.3.5 Assessment with Respect to DDT in Annex B of the “Convention” .. 23 2.3.6 Assessment of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF in Annex B of the “Convention” ....................................................................................... 24 2.3.7 Assessment of Releases of Unintentional Produced Chemicals in Annex C of the “Convention” ............................................................. 24 2.3.8 Status of Stockpiles and Contaminated Sites ....................................... 31 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 2 2.3.9 Requirements for Exemptions .............................................................. 31 2.3.10 Existing Programmes for Monitoring Releases and Environmental and Human Health Impacts ........................................................................ 32 2.3.11 Current Status among Target Groups ................................................... 37 2.3.12 Mechanism on Reporting and Information Exchange with Other Parties to the “Convention”.............................................................................. 37 2.3.13 Relevant Activities of Non-governmental Stakeholders ...................... 37 2.3.14 Linkage to POPs-related Projects to International Programmes and Projects ................................................................................................. 38 2.3.15 Identification of Impacted Populations or Environments .................... 38 2.3.16 System for the Assessment and Listing of New Chemicals ................. 38 2.3.17 System for the Assessment and Regulation of Chemicals Already in the Market .................................................................................................. 38 3 Strategy and Action Plans for the Implementation Plan of the Macao SAR ...................................................................................................... 39 3.1 Policy Statement .................................................................................. 39 3.2 Strategy for Implementation ................................................................ 39 3.3 Activities, Strategies and Action Plans ................................................ 40 3.3.1 Activity: Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening Measures .......... 40 3.3.2 Activity: Measures to Reduce or Eliminate Releases from Intentional Production and Use .............................................................................. 41 3.3.3 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Wastes of Annex A POPs Pesticides ................................................................ 42 3.3.4 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Identification, Labeling, Removal, Storage, and Disposal of PCBs and Equipment Containing PCBs .................................................................................................... 42 3.3.5 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Wastes of Hexabromodiphenyl Ether and Heptabromodiphenyl Ether, Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether and Pentabromodiphenyl Ether................. 43 3.3.6 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Wastes of DDT ................................................................................................. 43 3.3.7 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Waste of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF .................................................................. 43 3.3.8 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Waste of HBCD .................................................................................................. 43 3.3.9 Activity: Register for Specific Exemptions and the Continuing Need for Exemptions ..................................................................................... 44 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 3 3.3.10 Action Plan: Measures to Reduce Releases from Unintentional Sources .............................................................................................................. 44 3.3.11 Activity: Measures to Reduce Releases from Stockpiles and Wastes .. 45 3.3.12 Strategy: Identification of Stockpiles, Articles in Use and Wastes ...... 45 3.3.13 Activity: Manage Stockpiles and Appropriate Measures for Handling and Disposal of Articles in Use ............................................................ 46 3.3.14 Strategy: Identification of Contaminated Sites and Remediation in an Environmentally Sound Manner .......................................................... 46 3.3.15 Activity: Facilitating or Undertaking Information Exchange and Stakeholder Involvement ..................................................................... 46 3.3.16 Activity: Public Awareness, Information and Education ..................... 47 3.3.17 Activity: Effectiveness Evaluation....................................................... 47 3.3.18 Activity: Reporting .............................................................................. 47 3.3.19 Activity: Research, Development and Monitoring .............................. 48 3.3.20 Activity: Technical and Financial Assistance ...................................... 48 3.4 Development and Capacity-building Proposals and Priorities ............ 48 3.5 Timetable for Implementation Strategy and Relevant Implementing Bodies .................................................................................................. 49 3.6 Implementation Status of the Macao SAR Implementation Plan ........ 51 3.7 Resource Requirements ....................................................................... 55 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 4 1 Introduction Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) mainly come from human industrial and agricultural activities. As POPs are of severe toxicity, persistency (hard to degrade), easy to evaporate (long-distance transmission), able to accumulate in organisms and can be largely scattered in air, soil, lakes and oceans, they may pose serious threat to and have huge impact on human health and the whole ecosystem. In order to control and ultimately eliminate the production, use, discharge and storage of these toxic chemicals, and to avoid mankind and the environment from potential hazard, the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C) had signed the “Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” (hereinafter referred to as “Convention”) in 2001. The “Convention” became effective for the P.R.C on 11 th November of 2004, and was applied to the Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) since 22 th November of 2004, according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 41/2004. The P.R.C deposited its note referring to the fourth meeting (COP4) held from 4 th to 8 th May of 2009, which adopted amendments to Annexes A, B and C to the Stockholm Convention to list nine new persistent organic pollutants as well as the ratification of the fifth meeting (COP5) held from in 25 th to 29 th April of 2011, which adopted an amendment to Annex A to the Stockholm Convention to list technical endosulfan and its related isomers, to the United Nations Secretary-General on 24 th December of 2013. The above amendments were entered into force in the P.R.C on 26 th March of 2014, and are applicable to the Macao Special Administrative Region since 23 rd April of 2014, according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 13/2014. The P.R.C accepted the Amendment of listing Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants on 27 th September of 2016, which entered into force in the P.R.C on 26 th December of 2016. And according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 3/2017, this amendment entered into force in Macao SAR on 6 th February of 2017. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 5 2 Basic Information of the Macao SAR 2.1 Overview of the Macao SAR 2.1.1 Geographical Location The Macao SAR (hereinafter referred to as Macao, except for some particular terms) is part of the territory of the P.R.C, located at the southern coast of mainland China, on the seashore of the Pearl River Delta, with longitude at 113°35’ and latitude at 22°14’. Macao consists of Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island, Coloane Island and Cotai reclamation zone. The total area of Macao by the end of 2016 was 30.5 km 2 , of which Macao Peninsula covered 9.3 km 2 , Taipa Island 7.6 km 2 , Coloane Island 7.6 km 2 , and Cotai reclamation zone 6.0 km 2 . 1 According to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 128/2015 on 20 th December of 2015, announcing the Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (No. 665), the Central People's Government decided to define the maritime areas of the Macao Special Administrative Region as 85 square kilometers. Figure 1 Map of Macao (2018) 2 1 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 2 Sources: Cartography and Land Registry Bureau, 2018 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 6 2.1.2 Population, Tourists and Language The total number of Macao’s population was about 645,000 by the end of 2016, with an average population density about 21,000 per km 2 . The total number of visitor arrivals was around 30,950,000. In addition to Chinese being the official language, Portuguese can also be used within the administrative, legislative and judiciary system in Macao. English is another commonly used language. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Population ('000) year Figure 2 Macao’s Population Change (2007-2016) 3 2.1.3 Economic Development 4 Macao is positioning as a “World tourism and leisure centre” in its regional development orientation. Currently its major income comes from tourism and gaming industry. The Macao Pataca (MOP) is the legal tender in the Macao SAR. In 2016, the GDP of Macao at current prices was MOP 358.2 billion (or USD 44.8 billion). The average GDP per capita was MOP 555,000 (or USD 69,000). The number of workforce of Macao in 2016 was 397,000, of which 390,000 were in employment. The labor participation rate was 72.3%, with an unemployment rate of 1.9% and underemployment rate of 0.5%. 2.1.3.1 Foreign Trade 5 3 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2008-2017 4 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 5 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 7 The total value of import goods of Macao in 2016 was MOP 71.35 billion (or USD 8.92 billion), with food and beverages, industrial supplies not elsewhere specified, fuels and lubricants, capital goods (except transport equipment), transport equipment and parts and accessories thereof, consumer goods not elsewhere specified accounting for 17.4%, 9.1%, 8.6%, 16.9%, 3.3% and 44.7% respectively. The total export value of Macao in 2016 was MOP 10.05 billion (or USD 1.26 billion), of which 80.5% was re-export. Mainland China and Hong Kong are the major export markets. 2.1.3.2 Industries 6 Manufacturing is the major industry in Macao. There were 883 operating industrial sites in 2016, including 877 sites for manufacturing activities, accounting for 99.3% of the total. The remaining 6 industrial sites include mining and production and distribution of gas and water. Based on the information available, the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant, the Macao Special and Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant and the wastewater treatment facilities are estimated to be the potential sites for unintentional release of POPs stated in Annex C of the “Convention”. 2.1.4 State of the Environment 2.1.4.1 Atmospheric Environment Currently, Macao’s air pollution sources are mainly from stationary sources and mobile sources. The former includes sites of waste incineration facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, power plants, commercial and industrial boilers, cement manufacturing, chemical and pharmaceutical industry, as well as oil storage facilities, while the latter comes from the exhaust emissions of vehicles. 6 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2014 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 8 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Number of vehicles (no.) Year Heavy motorcycle Light motorcycle Industrial vehicle Light automobile Heavy automobile Figure 3 Change of Number of Vehicles in Macao (2007-2016) 7 Besides the above mentioned factors, air quality in Macao is also affected by the weather conditions, and also the climate and air quality of neighboring areas. Based on the impacts on human health, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Macao is divided into six levels: good, moderate, poor, very poor, severe, and harmful. In July of 2012, the AQI of Macao was raised to the advised level of interim target-1 (IT-1) by the World Health Organization (WHO), and fine suspended particulate with diameter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) has since been included as a parameter for index calculation. According to the air quality monitoring data in 2016, the monitoring stations recorded “Good” and “Moderate” air quality on more than 95% of the monitoring days. There was no record of “Very Bad” air quality in 2016. 8 2.1.4.2 Water Resources 2.1.4.2.1 Drinking Water 96% 9 of drinking water in Macao comes from Mainland China. The total amount of water consumption in Macao was 86.703 million m 3 in 2016, among which industrial and commercial sectors account for 50.9%, while household usage takes up 42.6%. 10 The treatment of drinking water in Macao is the responsibility of a specialized company, and the quality of drinking water fulfills relevant EU standards. 7 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2008-2017 8 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 9 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 10 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 9 Figure 4 Change of Water Consumption in Macao (2007-2016) 11 2.1.4.2.2 Wastewater Treatment There are 5 wastewater treatment facilities in Macao, including the WWTP in Macao Peninsula, WWTP in Taipa, WWTP in Coloane, WWTP in Transborder Industrial Zone and WWTP of Macao International Airport. Most of the wastewater in Macao is treated before discharge. In 2016, the average daily treated volume of water by the WWTPs in Macao is about 229,000 m 3 . 2.1.4.2.3 Water Conservation Planning The Macao SAR Government published the “Macao’s Water Conservation Planning Outline” in 2010 in order to develop Macao into a society dedicated to water conservation, establishing development plan and guidelines for relevant work between 2010 to 2025., 2.1.4.2.4 Quality of Coastal Waters There are 12 coastal water quality monitoring points in Macao. According to the monitoring results in 2016, the non-metal evaluation indexes of 7 monitoring points were higher than or equal to the upper limits of the standards, which reflects a rather severe non-metallic pollution in some parts of coastal waters in Macao. 12 2.1.4.3 Waste Currently, waste is mainly treated through incineration, with landfill as a 11 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2008-2017 12 Sources: Health Bureau, 2017 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 10 supplementary method. In recent years, the total quantity and volume of waste in Macao shows a continuous increasing trend along with the urban development. 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Volume ('000 m3)Weight (tonne) year Municipal solid waste Construction waste Figure 5 Waste Types and Quantity in Macao (2007-2016) 13 Municipal solid waste in Macao is transferred to the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant for treatment, while special and hazardous waste (including waste vehicle tyres, solid and liquid hazardous waste, dead bodies of horses and dogs, waste from slaughter houses, medical waste, sediment of diesel waste, etc.) is treated at the Macao Special and Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant while construction waste is treated at the construction waste landfill zone. In the aspect of recycling, taking the relevant import and export statistics for estimation of recyclable paper, recyclable plastic and recyclable metals etc., the waste recovery rate maintains at a relatively stable level in recent years, around 18-20%. Figure 6 Recovery Rate of Recyclable Waste in Macao in Recent Years 14 Note: (1) Including recoverable waste of plastics, rubber, paper and metals, etc. 13 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2008-2017 14 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 11 (2) Since the waste collected in Macao has been mainly exported to the Mainland China and other countries or regions for recycling, the above estimation is made with reference to the DSEC import and export data, including statistics of recyclable paper, recyclable plastics, recyclable metals, etc. 2.1.4.4 Nature and Ecosystems In the preservation of the natural environment, the Cotai Ecological Zone, the Baía de Nossa Senhora da Esperança Wetland Ecological Viewing Zone, the Simulation of the Ecological Zone of Alto de Coloane, and the Ká Hó Reservoir Freshwater-Wetland Ecological Zone are the major wetlands for ecological conservation in Macao. The Cotai Ecological Zone, located at the west side of the Cotai Reclamation Area, reported the highest number of 45 endangered Black-faced Spoonbills within the area in the year of 2016. Meanwhile, a total area of 198,060 m 2 has been declared as a protection zone in Macao, and the areas in Coloane that are over 80 meters above sea level are also listed as designated protection zones in order to protect the natural resources of Macao. As of 2015, there were 416 species of trees in Macao, and 19,000 trees were planted along the pavement areas. There were a total of 25,000 trees in the city and the green area under the jurisdiction of Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau was 8.7km 2 15 . There were 126 species of birds recorded in 2016, while the number of species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and insects were recorded as 218, 9, 26, 27 and 373 respectively. 16 2.1.5 Medical Service 17 In 2016, there were 5 hospitals in Macao, 14 government health establishments. In addition, there were 302 establishments of health care services, 150 western clinics, 57 dental clinics and 193 Chinese medicine clinics, which provide comprehensive medical service to Macao residents and visitors. Based on the statistics in 2016, the average life expectancy at birth of Macao residents for men was 80.3 years old, and for women 86.4 years old. The infant mortality rate was 1.7%. These health indicators are among the best levels in the 15 Sources: Report on the State of the Environment of Macao 2016, 2017 16 Sources: Statistics and Census Service, 2017 17 Sources: Statistics and Census Service and Health Bureau, 2017 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 12 world. 2.2 System, Environmental Policies, Regulatory Framework and Associated Implementation Mechanisms 2.2.1 Political System The People’s Republic of China resumed its sovereignty over Macao on 20 th December of 1999. According to Article 31 of the “Constitution of People’s Republic of China”, Macao Special Administrative Region is established and will retain its capitalistic system and life style for 50 years in light of the “One Country, Two Systems” principle. “The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China” (Basic Law) is the constitutional document of the Macao SAR. The National People’s Congress authorizes the Macao SAR to exercise a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, in accordance with the provisions of the “Basic Law”. The exception includes defense, foreign affairs, as well as other matters outside the limits of the autonomy of the Macao SAR as specified by the “Basic Law”. The Chief Executive of the Macao SAR shall be the head of the Macao SAR and shall represent the Region. Based on the "Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region", the Chief Executive of the Macao SAR shall be selected by election or through consultations held locally and be appointed by the Central People's Government. The Government of the Macao SAR shall be the executive authorities of the Region. The Legislative Council of the Macao SAR shall be the legislature of the Region. The Macao SAR shall be vested with independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The Macao Pataca (MOP) is the legal tender in the Macao SAR. The authority to issue Macao currency shall be vested in the Government of the Macao SAR. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 13 Figure 7 Organization Chart of the Macao SAR 18 18 Sources: The Macao SAR Government website, http://202.175.23.93/web/guest/org-chart, 2018. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 14 The principal officials of the Macao SAR Government are Secretaries of Departments, Commissioner against Corruption, Commissioner of Audit, the leading members of the Police and the Customs and Excise. Currently there are five Secretariats in the Macao SAR in the following order, Secretariat for Administration and Justice, Secretariat for Economy and Finance, Secretariat for Security, Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture, and Secretariat for Transport and Public Works. Subordinate departments of each Secretariat manage administrative affairs within certain governing areas. The executive authorities are established based on the following structure levels and modes: general secretariats, directorates of services, departments and divisions. 2.2.2 Environmental Policies According to the Article 119 of the “Basic Law” stipulates that Macao SAR Government shall carry out the protection of environment in accordance with law. The Macao SAR Government maintains a policy objective to promote the city’s sustainable development, and gradually improve the overall quality of life for Macao citizens. “Law of Environmental Framework” defines guidelines and principles for the development of Macao’s environmental policies. Macao published the “Environmental Protection Planning of Macao (2010-2020)” in 2012, which will be an important guiding document for future environmental works and policies in Macao. Through the vision of “Building a Low Carbon Macao, Creating Green Living Together”, and the short-term, medium-term and long-term implementation of the planning to achieve the planning objectives, the environmental quality in Macao will be improved gradually. In 2016, Macao published the “Five-Year Development Plan (2016-2020) of the Macao Special Administrative Region”, determining strategies and action plans for social, economic and environmental development. Among them, “Strengthening Environmental Protection and Promoting Green Living” is an important element for building a livable city. In 2017, Macao published the “Macao Solid Waste Resources Management Programme (2017-2026)”, defining solid waste policy as well as specific targets and action plans for waste reduction. It is hoped to promote “waste reduction at the source Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 15 and resources recycling” through policies, economic incentives and control, together with the optimization in resource recycling and environmental infrastructure. 2.2.3 Departments involved in the Implementation of the “Convention” or Management of POPs and their Functions and Responsibilities 2.2.3.1 Departments under Secretariat for Administration and Justice 2.2.3.1.1 Legal Affairs Bureau (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Administrating research and technical support work on overall legal policies and legislation; implementing specific policies such as drafting and translation of legal documents, international and regional affairs as well as promotion of laws. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: 1) To assist in the development of legal policies; study and provide suggestions for the legal system in the Macao SAR; 2) To implement centralized legal work, assist in legal plans formulation and supervise the implementation; 3) To draft and assist in the draft of legal proposals, regulatory documents or other documents needed to be published in the Official Gazette of the Macao SAR within the jurisdiction of Chief Executive or the Macao SAR Government; 4) To provide legal assistance on international and regional legal affairs, international and regional legal assistance; 5) To promote and provide legal advocacy and promotion work in the Macao SAR. 2.2.3.1.2 Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Public health and cleanliness, maintaining and safeguarding the environment as well as resident’s quality of life, and regulating food safety. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 16 1) To promote environmental health, particularly ensuring the cleaning-up of public places and management of animals; cooperating with entities or public agencies that exercise the power of health authority; 2) To promote people’s quality of life, especially the reconstruction of urban areas, upgrade of related facilities and improvement of environment; 3) To supervise the compliance of requirements applicable to all above items according to the laws and regulations, particularly in the fields such as public health, management of animals, environmental protection and activities and projects subject to administrative permit; 4) To coordinate food safety supervision, management, and its corresponding risk prevention, control and response measures. 2.2.3.2 Departments under Secretariat for Economy and Finance 2.2.3.2.1 Macao Economic Services (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Responsible for assisting in drafting and implementing economic policies in the economic areas. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: 1) To cooperate in the planning of economic policies and assist in the development of economic activities, in the ambit of the responsibilities described by the Macao SAR Government; 2) To issue licenses for industrial premises and organize and supervise an industrial registrar and keep it up-to-date; 3) To issue licenses for, and supervise the operation of, petrol companies, shippers, warehouses, duty-free shops and other non-industrial enterprises whose licensing is, by law, the responsibility of Macao Economic Services; 4) To issue licenses for foreign trade-related operations; 5) To manage foreign trade operations under quota; 6) To issue certification of origin documents, pursuant to the provisions of the legislation in force. 2.2.3.2.2 Statistics and Census Service (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 17 Guiding, coordinating, integrating, enforcing and supervising statistical activities of the Macao SAR. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: 1) To prepare statistics on the quality and quantity of demographic, social, economic and environmental aspects; 2) To study, develop and employ statistic methods for compilation, induction and analysis; 3) To coordinate and centralize relevant official statistics on the Macao SAR to foreign countries and international organizations. 2.2.3.3 Departments under Secretariat for Security 2.2.3.3.1 Macao Customs Service (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Leading, enforcing and inspecting measures concerning customs policies, providing police service of managing and supervising customs affairs. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: 1) To prevent, combat and suppress commercial fraud; 2) To prevent and suppress illicit smuggling activities; 3) To monitor and control external trade in order to contribute to the development of external trade activities as well as to safeguard the international reputation of the Macao SAR; 4) To endeavor to carry out international obligations of the Macao SAR within the customs' jurisdiction; 5) To endeavor to protect the safety of lives and properties so as to preserve social order and security of the Macao SAR; 6) The Checkpoint Enforcement Department, in accordance with law, carries out inspection at designated locations on import, export or transit goods, transportation, travelers and carried luggage, and monitors items sent out from or sent in to the Macao SAR. 2.2.3.4 Departments under Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture 2.2.3.4.1 Health Bureau Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 18 (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Promoting health and disease prevention and control through coordination with staffs in public and private health organizations and by providing primary and specialized health care services needed in public welfare for Macao residents. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: 1) To prepare and implement tasks that promote and guarantee public health and prevent diseases; 2) To study health science, conducting training of health care personnel and providing assistance to the training; 3) To supervise and assist entities engaged in health care services; 4) To provide technical assistance to other health units of the Macao SAR. 2.2.3.5 Departments under Secretariat for Transport and Public Works 2.2.3.5.1 Environmental Protection Bureau (1) Functions concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: Assisting in the formulation of environmental policies of the Macao SAR, and ensuring the promotion and enforcement of relevant policies, plans and measures. (2) Responsibilities concerning the implementation of the “Convention” or management of POPs: 1) To assist in the formulation of environmental policies of the Macao SAR; 2) To study and advice the environmental legislative measures; 3) To facilitate and coordinate activities of environmental infrastructures, particularly activities of the Solid Waste Incineration Center, Hazardous Waste Treatment Station, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Sanitary Landfill and Special Waste Landfill as well as the Ecological Zone; 4) To assist in the implementation of environmental conventions, treaties, agreements and protocols and other international regulations applicable in the Macao SAR; 5) To advise, organize and conduct environmental education publicity, training and information activities; Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 19 6) To conduct environmental monitoring and study as well as to promote scientific surveys and technological development in the environmental field. Following the establishment of the Environmental Protection Bureau, relevant infrastructure facilities including the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant, the Macao Special and Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant, the wastewater treatment plants, the construction waste landfill zone, and the Cotai Ecological Zone are under the supervision of the Environmental Infrastructures Management Center of the Environmental Protection Bureau. 2.2.4 International Conventions Concerning the Control of POPs and Applicable to the Macao SAR Currently, international conventions related to POPs and applicable to the Macao SAR includes: 1) “Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal” (1989), applicable to the Macao SAR on 27 th May of 2002 according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 32/2002; the amendment to Annex I of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, as well as Annex VIII, Annex IX and amendments thereto, are applicable to the Macao SAR on 17 th January of 2017 according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 1/2017. 2) “Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” (2001), applicable to the Macao SAR on 22 nd November of 2004 according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No.41/2004; its amendments (2009 and 2011) is also applicable to the Macao SAR on 23 rd April of 2014 according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 13/2014; The P.R.C accepted the Amendment of listing Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants on 27 th September 2016, which entered into force in the P.R.C on 26 th December 2016. And according to the Chief Executive’s Notice No. 3/2017, this amendment entered into force in Macao SAR on 6 th February of 2017. 3) “Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade” (1998), applicable to the Macao SAR on 31 st May of 2005 according to the Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 20 Chief Executive’s Notice No.12/2005. 2.2.5 Rules and Regulations Concerning the Control of POPs Rules and regulations concerning the control of POPs include the “Foreign Trade Law”, and the Dispatch of Chief Executive No. 487/2016. According to the Dispatch of Chief Executive No. 330/2012, when importing hexachlorobenze, DDT, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), beta-hexochlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), lindane, and other products such as pesticides, rodenticides, fungicides and herbicides, an import permit issued by the Health Bureau is required. In fact, Macao has ceased the import and use of aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, lindane and toxaphene since 1994 in order to protect residents’ health and the environment. Currently, the Macao SAR Government is drafting legislation on the control of import and export of POPs. The Macao SAR Government has also assigned individual codes for listed POPs in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (6 th Revision), which provides convenience for competent entities to control and collect data on the import and export of such goods. Major sources of unintentional release of POPs of Macao include the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant (MRIP) and Macao Special and Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant (MSHWTP). The new-built facility at the MRIP (finished in 2008) and the MSHWTP were equipped with advanced exhaust emission purification system. The Directive 2000/76/EC is adopted as the standard of limit for treated exhaust emission. 2.2.6 Regulatory Framework and Associated Implementation Mechanisms To cope with the obligations of the “Convention”, relevant functional departments under the Macao SAR Government has been working together to follow up with the tasks related to the “Convention”, and the implementation of the action plans through cross-departmental collaboration. 2.3 Assessment of the POPs Issues in the Macao SAR 19 2.3.1 Assessment of POPs Pesticides in Annex A of the “Convention” 2.3.1.1 Investigation on Current Status of POPs Pesticides 19 In 2014, the Macao SAR submitted the effectiveness evaluation report related to the “Convention” to the P.R.C, which has included the detailed analysis of POPs issues. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 21 In 2010, a study was conducted to investigate the production, circulation and use of organochlorine insecticides in Macao. The study mainly focused on those organochlorine insecticides controlled in the annex A and annex B of the “Convention”, and their production, circulation, use and waste treatment and disposal in Macao. Insecticides controlled in the original “Convention” including: aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex and toxaphene in Annex A (intentional release) were included in the study. Besides, DDT, as listed in Annex B (intentional release), is discussed separately in Section 2.3.4. According to the results of desktop study and site visits indicated that there was no manufacturer producing POPs insecticides controlled in the original “Convention” in Macao. On the aspects of circulation and use, the purchased quantity of insecticides by relevant enterprises was determined by business volume of the year. The purchased insecticides were for part for sale, part for self-use. No POPs insecticides controlled in the original “Convention” was founded in the study. In addition, inspection on pesticide residue is required in Macao on imported fruits, vegetables, and frozen food items whenever necessary. 2.3.1.2 Import and Export Statistics of POPs Pesticides According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), between 2005 and July of 2014, there were no import, export and transit records of the above 8 types of POPs insecticides that are controlled in the original “Convention”. 2.3.2 Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Annex A of the “Convention” 2.3.2.1 Investigation on Current Status of PCBs To cope with the obligations of the “Convention”, a basic study was conducted for equipment containing PCBs in 2010 in Macao. The study mainly identified and indicated, in both electrical and non-electrical systems, the capacitors and transformers (both in use and disuse) that may possibly contain PCBs. Information including names of equipment, manufacturers, specifications and models was recorded. The study also identified the disposed quantity and treatment status of PCBs containing equipment of the above organizations, as well as the storage and disposal sites of such PCB containing equipment in Macao. Based on interviews with the person in charge of the investigated organizations, Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 22 site visits and desktop study, there is no use record and status on PCBs containing capacitors and transformers in non-electrical systems in Macao, and the electrical industry in Macao has discontinued the use of PCBs containing capacitors. 2.3.2.2 Import and Export Statistics of PCBs According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import, export or transit records of PCBs between 2005 and July of 2014. 2.3.3 Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) in Annex A of the “Convention” 2.3.3.1 Investigation on Current Status of PBDEs and HBB A relevant study is being conducted between the end of 2014 and 2015 for the inventory of PBDEs, which includes the investigation of PBDEs containing electronic and electrical equipment and its waste, transport sector and other uses. The study also includes the investigation of sites contaminated by PBDEs. 2.3.3.2 Import and Export Statistics of PBDEs and HBB According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import, export or transit records of PBDEs between 2005 and July of 2014. 2.3.4 Assessment with Respect to HBCD in Annex A of the “Convention” 2.3.4.1 Investigation on Current Status of HBCD A relevant study is being conducted between 2017 and 2018, in which air monitoring of POPs including HBCD is conducted. 2.3.4.2 Import and Export Statistics of HBCD 2.3.4.2.1 HBCD (substances) According to relevant survey, there were no registered industrial establishments using HBCD and related substances as raw materials or producing them. According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 23 / Harmonized System” (6 th Revision), there were no import and export records of HBCD between January and November of 2017. 2.3.4.2.2 Goods that may contain HBCD In the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (6 th Revision, 2017), independent HS codes for HBCD (substances) were established. Independent codes for other polystyrene goods that may contain HBCD are not available yet. Therefore, these goods may not contain HBCD. According to the statistics, there were import records for polystyrene products that may contain HBCD between January and November 2017. Details of the import data: “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” code Name Import statistics between 1 st January to 30 th November of 2017 (kg) 1 29038930 hexabromocyclododecane (substances) 0 2 39211110* Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of expanded polystyrene (EPS) 180,893 3 39211120* Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of extruded polystyrene (XPS), not self-adhesive 140 * As independent codes are not available yet, these goods may not contain HBCD. 2.3.5 Assessment with Respect to DDT in Annex B of the “Convention” 2.3.5.1 Investigation on Current Status of DDT A study was conducted to investigate the production, circulation and use of organochlorine insecticides in 2010 in Macao. According to the study results, there was no DDT identified in Macao existing enterprises which were involved in the use or sale of insecticides. In addition, inspection on DDT residue is required for imported fruits, vegetables, and frozen food items whenever necessary. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 24 2.3.5.2 Import and Export Statistics of DDT According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import, export or transit records of DDT between 2005 and July of 2014. 2.3.6 Assessment of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF in Annex B of the “Convention” 2.3.6.1 Investigation on Current Status of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS), its Salts and Perfluorooctane Sulfonly Fluoride (PFOSF) A relevant study is being conducted between end of 2014 and 2015 in Macao in order to investigate the production and use of PFOS and PFOS related chemicals in industry; the products, extinguishers, aviation hydraulic fluids and insecticides containing PFOS and PFOS related chemicals in the consumer market, as well as the status of waste, stockpiles and contaminated sites, etc. 2.3.6.2 Import and Export Statistics of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import, export and transit records of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF between 2005 and July of 2014. 2.3.7 Assessment of Releases of Unintentional Produced Chemicals in Annex C of the “Convention” 2.3.7.1 Annual Emissions and Emission Inventory of Release of Unintentionally Produced Dioxin in Macao The emissions of unintentionally produced polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (hereinafter collectively referred to as Dioxin) from emission sources were estimated in 2009 and 2012 in Macao. The inventories were compiled based on the emissions. The emissions of unintentionally produced Dioxin decreased from 1,652 mg TEQ/a in 2009 to 341 mg TEQ/a in 2012 in Macao, among which waste incineration accounted for 85.31% of the total emissions. The municipal solid waste incinerated was a majority portion of the waste incinerated. The decrease in emissions of Dioxin was due to a drop of exhaust concentration of Dioxin in the incineration process of municipal solid waste, from 0.190-1.12 ng TEQ/m 3 in 2009 to 0.0176-0.418 ng TEQ/m 3 in 2012. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 25 Figure 8 Emissions of Unintentionally Produced Dioxin by Source Categories in 2009 Figure 9 Emissions of Unintentionally Produced Dioxin by Source Categories in 2012 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 26 Table 1 Annual Emission Inventory of Unintentionally Produced Dioxin Cat. Source category 2012 2009 Annual emissions (mg TEQ/a) All routes (mg TEQ/a) Annual emissions (mg TEQ/a) All routes (mg TEQ/a) Air Water Land Product Residue Air Water Land Product Residue 1 Waste incineration 145 -- -- -- 146 291 1,197 -- -- -- 388 1,585 1.1 Municipal solid waste incineration 143 -- -- -- 144 287 1,184 -- -- -- 386 1,570 1.2 Hazardous waste incineration 2.33 -- -- -- 1.89 4.22 11.8 -- -- -- 1.60 13.4 1.3 Sewage sludge incineration 0 -- -- -- 0 0 1.23 -- -- -- 0 1.23 2 Ferrous and non-ferrous metal production -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 Power generation and heating 7.44 -- -- -- -- 7.44 23.0 -- -- -- -- 23.0 3.1 Heavy oil generators 7.39 -- -- -- -- 7.39 18.8 -- -- -- -- 18.8 3.2 Light diesel generators 0.0477 -- -- -- -- 0.0477 4.16 -- -- -- -- 4.16 3.3 Natural gas generators 0 -- -- -- -- 0 4 Mineral production -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 Production of chemicals and consumer goods -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6 Waste treatment -- 35.5 -- -- -- 35.5 -- 34.6 -- -- -- 34.6 6.1 Landfill for fly ash -- 0.0270 -- -- -- 0.0270 -- 0.0270 -- -- -- 0.0270 6.2 WWTP of Macao International Airport 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 6.3 WWTP in Taipa -- 0.632 -- -- -- 0.632 -- 0.538 -- -- -- 0.538 6.4 WWTP in Coloane -- 2.92 -- -- -- 2.92 -- 1.58 -- -- -- 1.58 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 27 Cat. Source category 2012 2009 Annual emissions (mg TEQ/a) All routes (mg TEQ/a) Annual emissions (mg TEQ/a) All routes (mg TEQ/a) Air Water Land Product Residue Air Water Land Product Residue 6.5 WWTP in Macao Peninsula -- 31.9 -- -- -- 31.9 -- 30.5 -- -- -- 30.5 6.6 WWTP in Transborder Industrial Zone 0.0450 -- -- -- 0.0450 -- 2.01 -- -- -- 2.01 7 Open burning process -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8 Transport 7.13 -- -- -- -- 7.13 9.43 -- -- -- -- 9.43 8.1 4-stroke engines (cars) 0.0537 -- -- -- -- 0.0537 -- -- -- -- -- 8.2 4-stroke engines (motorcycles) 0.996 -- -- -- -- 0.996 0.797 -- -- -- -- 0.797 8.3 2-stroke engines 1.96 -- -- -- -- 1.96 5.56 -- -- -- -- 5.56 8.4 Diesel engines 4.12 -- -- -- -- 4.12 3.07 -- -- -- -- 3.07 9 Miscellaneous 0.0574 -- -- -- -- 0.0574 0.104 -- -- -- -- 0.104 9.1 Dry cleaning 0 -- -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- -- -- 9.2 Tobacco smoking 0.0574 -- -- -- -- 0.0574 0.104 -- -- -- -- 0.104 Total 160 35.5 0 0 146 341 1,230 34.6 0 0 388 1,652 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 28 2.3.7.2 Annual Emissions and Emission Inventory of Release of Unintentionally Produced PCBs in Macao The emissions of unintentionally produced PCBs from emission sources were estimated in 2009 and 2012 in Macao and the inventories were compiled based on the emissions. The annual emissions of unintentionally produced dioxin-like PCBs in Macao decreased from 202 mg WHO-TEQ/a in 2009 to 85.1 mg WHO-TEQ/a in 2012, while the emission of indicator PCBs decreased from 89,610 mg in 2009 to 77,506 mg in 2012. The major reason for decrease was due to the drop of energy consumption in power generation. Figure 10 Emissions of Unintentionally Produced Dioxin-like PCBs by Source Categories in 2009 Figure 11 Emissions of Unintentionally Produced Indicator PCBs by Source Categories in 2009 Figure 12 Emissions of Unintentionally Produced Dioxin-like PCBs by Source Categories in 2012 Figure 13 Emissions of Unintentionally Produced Indicator PCBs by Source Categories in 2012 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 29 Table 2 Annual Emission Inventory of Unintentionally Produced PCBs in 2009 Cat. Source category Annual emissions of dioxin-like PCBs (mg WHO-TEQ/a) All routes(mg WHO-TE Q/a) Annual emissions of indicator PCBs (mg/a) All routes (mg/a) Air Water Land Products Residue Air Water Land Products Residue 1 Waste incineration 66.1 -- -- -- 13.2 79.3 2,210 -- -- -- 26,590 28,800 1.1 Municipal solid waste incineration 65.5 -- -- -- 13.2 78.7 2,160 -- -- -- 26,510 28,670 1.2 Hazardous waste incineration 0.57 -- -- -- 0.0035 0.574 48.4 -- -- -- 79.5 127.9 1.3 Sewage sludge incineration 0.000267 -- -- -- -- 0.000267 2.03 -- -- -- -- 2.03 2 Power generation and heating 122.5 -- -- -- -- 122.5 12,910 -- -- -- -- 12,910 2.1 Heavy oil generators 84.7 -- -- -- -- 84.7 8,960 -- -- -- -- 8,960 2.2 Light diesel / natural gas generators 37.8 -- -- -- -- 37.8 3,950 -- -- -- -- 3,950 3 Waste treatment -- 0.0796 -- -- -- 0.0796 -- 47,900 -- -- -- 47,900 3.1 Landfill for fly ash -- 0.0782 -- -- -- 0.0782 -- 46,000 -- -- -- 46,000 3.2 WWTP in Taipa -- 0.0011 -- -- -- 0.0011 -- 1,110 -- -- -- 1,110 3.3 WWTP in Coloane -- 0.0003 -- -- -- 0.0003 -- 820 -- -- -- 820 Total 188.6 0.0796 -- -- 13.2 202 15,120 47,900 -- -- 26,590 89,610 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 30 Table 3 Annual Emission Inventory of Unintentionally Produced PCBs in 2012 Cat. Source category Annual emissions of dioxin-like PCBs (mg WHO-TEQ/a) All routes(mg WHO-TEQ/a) Annual emissions of indicator PCBs (mg/a) All routes (mg/a) Air Water Land Products Residue Air Water Land Products Residue 1 Waste incineration 45.1 -- -- -- 6.51 51.6 1,624 -- -- -- 21,444 23,068 1.1 Municipal solid waste incineration 44.4 -- -- -- 6.51 50.9 1,567 -- -- -- 21,350 22,917 1.2 Hazardous waste incineration 0.672 -- -- -- 0.00413 0.676 57.1 -- -- -- 93.8 150.9 1.3 Sewage sludge incineration 0 -- -- -- -- 0 0 -- -- -- -- 0 2 Power generation and heating 33.4 -- -- -- -- 33.4 3,530 -- -- -- -- 3,530 2.1 Heavy oil generators 33.3 -- -- -- -- 33.3 3,520 -- -- -- -- 3,520 2.2 Light diesel / natural gas generators 0.0764 -- -- -- -- 0.0764 7.98 -- -- -- -- 7.98 3 Waste treatment -- 0.0953 -- -- -- 0.0953 -- 50,908 -- -- -- 50,908 3.1 WWTP of Macao International Airport 0 -- -- -- 0 -- 0 -- -- -- 0 3.2 WWTP in Taipa -- 0.00131 -- -- -- 0.00131 -- 1,302 -- -- -- 1,302 3.3 WWTP in Coloane -- 0.000585 -- -- -- 0.000585 -- 1,504 -- -- -- 1,504 3.4 WWTP in Macao Peninsula -- 0.0817 -- -- -- 0.0817 -- 48,092 -- -- -- 48,092 3.5 WWTP of Transborder Industrial Zone 0.0118 -- -- -- 0.0117 -- 9.58 -- -- -- 9.58 Total 78.5 0.0953 0 0 6.51 85.1 5,154 50,908 0 0 21,444 77,506 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 31 2.3.8 Status of Stockpiles and Contaminated Sites A detailed investigation and assessment on sites contaminated by Dioxin and PCBs was conducted in Macao in 2012. Major sites in Macao that are possibly contaminated by Dioxin and PCBs include the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant, WWTPs, the landfill for fly ash, cement manufacturing zone and the temporary fly ash storage site. Through initial investigation of the above sites and surrounding soil/sediment, the soil samples in such contaminated areas was within an acceptable range of mid to low levels of Dioxin toxic equivalent when comparing with standards in other countries or other research results. The levels were lower than that of the most stringent standards in Sweden and New Zealand, which would not cause adverse effects to surrounding human activities. PCBs were also recorded at mid to low levels. 2.3.9 Requirements for Exemptions Currently, the P.R.C has registered specific exemptions for the following 4 types of POPs, and the relevant specific exemptions are applicable to the Macao SAR. Table 4 Uses with Specific Exemptions Chemical Purposes on specific exemptions Lindane Use on human health pharmaceutical for control of head lice and scabies as second line treatment. Technical endosulfan and its related isomers Production and use on prevention cotton bollworm and tobacco budworm PFOS, its salts and PFOSF Production and use on photo masks in the semiconductor and liquid crystal display (LCD) industries, metal plating (hard metal plating), metal plating (decorative plating)， electric and electronic parts for some colour printers and color copy machines, insecticides for control of red imported fire ants and termites, and chemically driven oil. Table 5 Acceptable purposes Chemical Acceptable purposes PFOS, its salts and PFOSF Production and use on photo-imaging, photo-resist and anti-reflective coatings for semi-conductors, etching agent for compound semi-conductors and ceramic filters, aviation hydraulic fluids, metal plating (hard metal plating) only in closed-loop systems, certain medical Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 32 devices (such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) layers and radio-opaque ETFE production, in-vitro diagnostic medical devices, and CCD color filters) and fire-fighting foam. 2.3.10 Existing Programmes for Monitoring Releases and Environmental and Human Health Impacts 2.3.10.1 Overview To reflect the baseline situation of POPs in Macao and execute tasks stated in different stages of the implementation plan, monitoring works, which included the 12 POPs controlled in the original “Convention” (DDT, aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexochlorobenzene (HCB), mirex, toxaphene, PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs), and the 11 POPs listed in the three amendments (α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, chlordecone, pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), technical endosulfan and its related isomers, tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether, HBB, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and PFOS, its salts and PFOSF, were conducted in 2010 and 2012 in Macao at various environmental media including ambient air, sea water, sediment, soil and aquatic biota for the sake to have a preliminary understanding of the levels of POPs and their distribution. In the meantime, the “Study of POPs’ content in human breast milk” was started in March of 2013 in Macao. 2.3.10.2 Monitoring and its Results Related to Environmental Impact The selection of sampling points for various environmental media (ambient air, sea water, sediment and soil) was based on consideration of different functional purposes and uniformity of sampling points. Two periods of monitoring were carried out respectively in 2010 and 2012-2013. It should be to point out that currently there is lack of specific environmental standards for most POPs, so the monitoring data will serve as comparison for future local monitoring and support for follow-up studies. 2.3.10.2.1 Ambient Air In the aspect of ambient air, sampling was carried out twice during summer and winter, in both 2010 and 2012-2013 in Macao. Sampling points included residential areas, surrounding areas of pollution sources and background. Monitoring results are briefed below: Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 33  In ambient air, DDT, HCH, chlordane and endosulfan were the major pollutants among other POPs pesticides; this was obviously related to these pesticides or pesticides made from such raw materials still existed in the surrounding environment. For some banned or restricted pesticides, or pesticides that were not produced or use (e.g. toxaphene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, HCB, mirex, chlordecone, PeCB), their environmental concentrations were lower than 100 pg/m 3 or below the detection limit.  PCBs concentration remained relatively stable in ambient air for the two periods of monitoring.  Compared with 2010, the total toxic equivalent concentration of PCDFs and PCDDs increased slightly in 2012-2013.  Since the ban of PBDEs by the “Convention” in 2009, its concentration in ambient air showed a decreasing trend; according to sample analysis in 2012-2013, along with the brominated flame retardants, HBCD had a higher concentration, while HBB had a lower concentration.  Compared with 2010, the concentration of perfluorinated compounds (short as PFCs, sum of PFOS compounds and perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA)) increased slightly in 2012 to 2013. 2.3.10.2.2 Marine Water and Sediment Regarding marine water and sediment, 14 sampling points were chosen, in which the sampling was carried out twice during summer and winter of 2010 in Macao. In 2012-2013, the sampling work was optimized and a more representative selection of 8 sampling points was selected. Monitoring results are briefed below: Monitoring results related to marine water:  Similar to that in ambient air pollution, for marine water samples, DDT, HCH, chlordane and endosulfan were the major pollutants among other POPs pesticides; concentrations of other pesticides were lower than 1.0 ng/L or below the detection limit.  Although there was an increasing trend of PCBs in marine water from 2010 to 2012-2013, its concentration was still at a very low level, lower than the relevant PCBs standard stated in the Clean Water Act of USEPA and the. Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of the P.R.C. The concentration of Dioxin reflected a decreasing trend.  For the marine samples of brominated flame retardants in 2012-2013, HBCD had a higher concentration. Concentrations of tetrabromodiphenyl Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 34 ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether, and hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether remained rather unchanged compared with 2010, lower than the requirement of relevant environmental quality guidelines in Canada. HBB had a very low concentration.  Compared with 2010, the concentration of PFCs increased slightly in 2012-2013. Monitoring results related to sediment:  For sediment samples, within POPs pesticides, concentrations of DDT and HCH were between 10-20 ng/g, while concentrations of endosulfan, mirex, HCB, PeCB and chlordane were between 1.0-5.0 ng/g. Other pesticides had concentrations lower than 1.0 ng/g or below the detection limit.  PCBs in e sediment reflected a similar pattern as in marine water, there was an increasing trend of PCBs in sediment from 2010 to 2012-2013 but its concentration was far lower than the standard limits of the first category specified in the P.R.C Marine Sediment Quality (GB18668-2002) for marine sediment; the total toxic equivalent concentration of PCDFs and PCDDs decreased slightly in 2012-2013.  Within the brominated flame retardants sediment samples, HBCD had a higher concentration, which was 5.9 times higher of PBDEs (sum of tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether, and hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether), and 3.4 times higher of HBB.  Concentration of PFCs remained relatively stable. 2.3.10.2.3 Soil In the aspect of soil, 17 soil sampling points including residential areas, industrial areas, reclamation areas, background, pollution sources and their surrounding areas, etc. were selected in 2010 in Macao. The samples collected were all surface soil samples. Sampling works were optimized in 2012 and a more representative combination of 7 sampling points was selected. Monitoring results are briefed below:  For soil samples, DDT, HCH and mirex were the major pollutants among other POPs pesticides; concentrations of other pesticides were lower than 1.0 ng/g or below the detection limit.  As in marine water, there was an increasing trend of PCBs in soil from 2010 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 35 to 2012-2013 but its concentration was lower than the requirements in the P.R.C Environmental Quality Standards for Soils (revised version for consultation); the total toxic equivalent concentration of PCDFs and PCDDs showed a decreasing trend.  Within the brominated flame retardants soil samples, HBCD had a higher concentration than others.  Concentration of PFCs remained relatively stable. 2.3.10.2.4 Aquatic Biota Regarding the aquatic biota sample collection, it was carried out twice between 2012 and 2013. The sampling points selected were as consistent as possible with those of marine water and marine sediment. Monitoring results are briefed below:  For aquatic biota samples, DDT, HCH, endrin and endosulfan were the major pollutants among POPs pesticides; lipid contents of other POPs pesticides were relatively lower.  The high concentration levels of PCBs, PCDFs and PCDDs in aquatic biota indicated a consistency in strong bioaccumulation of them in organisms, due to their lipophilicity and low degradability.  Within the brominated flame retardants aquatic biota samples, tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether had a similar concentration level to HBCD, while hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether and HBB had a relatively lower concentration. 2.3.10.3 Monitoring and its Results Related to Human Health Impact According to the results of the “Study of POPs content in human breast milk”, conducted by the Health Bureau of Macao, among the 26 organochlorine POPs pesticides tested, the following POPs were detected, while the rest were below the detection limit: beta-HCH, cis-heptachlor epoxide, cis-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan sulfate, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, PeCB and HBB. The total amount of PCBs and PBDEs indicators in mothers’ breast milk in Macao were 14.9 ng/g lipid weight and 3.89 ng/g lipid weight respectively. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 36 The total detected amounts of Dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs were:  TEQPCDD/Fs-TEF2005：5.1 pg TEQ/g lipid  TEQDLPCBs-TEF2005：2.7 pg TEQ/g lipid  Total TEQTEF2005：7.8 pg TEQ/g lipid Table 6 Amounts of POPs Pesticides in Mothers’ Breast Milk in Macao Chemical Amount (ng/g lipid weight) Chemical Amount (ng/g lipid weight) alpha-HCH ND dieldrin ND beta-HCH 116.1 endrin ND gamma-HCH ND alpha-endosulfan ND delta-HCH ND beta-endosulfan ND Heptachlor ND endosulfan sulphate 0.4 trans-heptachlor epoxide ND o,p'-DDE 0.8 cis-heptachlor epoxide 2.6 p,p'-DDE 394.5 oxychlordane ND o,p'-DDD ND cis-chlordane 0.1 p,p'-DDD 1.9 trans-chlordane ND o,p'-DDT 2.3 cis-nonachlor 0.6 p,p'-DDT 24.3 Trans-nonachlor 4.3 PeCB 0.1 aldrin ND HBB 18.4 Note: ND means not detected. Table 7 Amounts of Indicator PCBs in Mothers’ Breast Milk in Macao Chemical Amount (ng/g lipid weight) PCB28 0.8 PCB52 0.1 PCB101 0.2 PCB138 4.0 PCB153 7.0 PCB180 2.8 Total 14.9 Table 8 Amounts of PBDEs in Mothers’ Breast Milk in Macao Chemical Amount (ng/g lipid weight) BDE28 0.33 BDE47 1.30 BDE99 0.12 BDE100 0.29 BDE153 1.59 BDE154 0.08 BDE183 0.20 Total 3.89 Table 9 Amounts of Dioxin and Dioxin-like PCBs in Mothers’ Breast Milk in Macao PCDD/Fs pg /g lipid dl-PCBs pg/g lipid 2,3,7,8-TCDD 0.71 PCB-77 2.9 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1.85 PCB-126 20.9 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1.02 PCB-169 13.5 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 2.97 PCB-81 4.5 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.78 PCB-105 738.9 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 37 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 7.12 PCB-114 130.6 OCDD 61.55 PCB-118 2109.0 2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.68 PCB-123 44.9 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.63 PCB-156 686.4 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 4.61 PCB-157 157.3 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1.81 PCB-167 231.2 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1.73 PCB-189 71.3 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.90 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.10 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 1.47 TEQPCDD/Fs-TEF2005 5.1 pg TEQ/g lipid 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.09 TEQDLPCBs-TEF2005 2.7 pg TEQ/g lipid OCDF 0.54 Total TEQTEF2005 7.8 pg TEQ/g lipid 2.3.11 Current Status among Target Groups To raise relevant groups’ understanding to the “Convention” and POPs, various forms of publicity and education activities are continuously launched. This included the organization of the roving exhibition “What should you know about the environmental conventions?” in 2006; publishing the book “Environmental Treaties and Macao” in 2007, which introduces the “Convention”, the relationship between POPs and human beings and its hazards to the environment, etc.; organizing youth and children to participate in the event of “National Youth Environmental Art Competition on POPs” in 2011, which promoted scientific popular knowledge of POPs; and in 2012, making publicity boards to deepen groups, like women’s understanding about POPs. 2.3.12 Mechanism on Reporting and Information Exchange with Other Parties to the “Convention” In past few years, the Macao SAR had dispatch officials to attend annually the “Technical Coordination Group Meeting on the implementation of the Stockholm Convention in China” to understand the national implementation progress of the “Convention” and latest experience on implementing action plans of various parties. At the same time, the Macao SAR, according to the relevant obligations of the “Convention” and our national requirement and arrangement, submits reports on the implementation of the “Convention” as well as the effectiveness evaluation reports. 2.3.13 Relevant Activities of Non-governmental Stakeholders No information is available on relevant activities of non-governmental stakeholders. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 38 2.3.14 Linkage to POPs-related Projects to International Programmes and Projects No relevant information is available regarding to the works with the international community to start programmes related to the “Convention”, or linkage to international projects. 2.3.15 Identification of Impacted Populations or Environments No relevant information is available regarding to the identification of impacted populations or environments. 2.3.16 System for the Assessment and Listing of New Chemicals A study is being conducted between the end of 2014 to 2015 to integrate the existing results of POPs relevant investigation and studies, analyze existing systems about assessment, listing and management of new chemicals and provide technical support suggestions in Macao. 2.3.17 System for the Assessment and Regulation of Chemicals Already in the Market According to the Dispatch of Chief Executive No. 487/2016, the substances listed in the Import Table B of Annex 2 under Clause 2 of the dispatch, are subject to the application of an import permit prior to entering Macao. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 39 3 Strategy and Action Plans for the Implementation Plan of the Macao SAR 3.1 Policy Statement To fulfill the obligations of the Article 7 of the “Convention”, according to our national requirement, the Macao SAR carries out and completes POPs study on an ongoing basis, and submits reports on the implementation of the “Convention” as well as the effectiveness evaluation reports. On the basis of executing the “Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” (2006-2015) in “The People’s Republic of China National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants”, the Macao SAR will further work on the implementation of the “Convention” and update its implementation plan to reflect the inclusion of additional POPs. 3.2 Strategy for Implementation According to the “Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” (2006-2015) in “The People’s Republic of China National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants” and based on Macao’s implementation progress (2006-2015), the Macao SAR, coping with the latest requirements of the “Convention”, proposes its subsequent actions plans (2016-2025) for the implementation of the “Convention” (for details please refer to Section 3.3): (I) Short-term action plans (2016-2020):  To complete investigation about the industries involved in the intentional production and use of the new POPs and chemicals proposed for listing under the “Convention” as well as to complete the investigation and emission inventory about the industries involved in unintentional production of such POPs;  To gradually improve the management system of POPs or related goods, with a purpose to help eliminate and restrict the production, use, import and export of intentional production and use of new POPs;  To update the dynamic emission inventories for Dioxin and PCBs;  To strengthen the control of unintentional emissions from incineration Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 40 facilities;  To improve the dynamic database for POPs stockpiles and POPs containing waste;  To identify POPs contaminated sites and manage them in an environmentally sound manner;  Tasks including regular exchange mechanisms, cooperation on implementation, as well as publicity and education on the implementation of the “Convention”;  To conduct regular environmental monitoring and submit regularly effectiveness evaluation reports as well as reports on the implementation of the “Convention”. (II) Medium- and long-term action plans (2021-2025):  To study on the establishment and continuous improvement of long-term mechanism for the control of unintentionally produced POPs;  To improve the environmentally sound management system and managerial capacity for POPs waste;  To identify POPs contaminated sites and manage them in an environmentally sound manner;  To submit regularly reports on POPs effectiveness evaluation reports and reports on the implementation of the “Convention” as required;  Tasks including regular exchange mechanism and cooperation on implementation as well as publicity and education on the implementation of the “Convention”;  To conduct regular environmental monitoring for POPs and effectiveness evaluation on the implementation of the “Convention". 3.3 Activities, Strategies and Action Plans 3.3.1 Activity: Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening Measures To strengthen the regulatory of POPs through formulating and improvement of management laws and regulations related to POPs, establishment of specific industry management standards for POPs, revision or formulating of the relevant existing management lists of POPs, etc. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 41 Table 10 Action Plans for Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening Measures No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 1 To continuously promote the development or revision of laws and regulations related to POPs. To continuously promote to introduce POPs control into the existing law and regulation system, thus providing a legal basis for the control of POPs. To propose legislative plans so as to improve the management system of POPs or related goods. Macao Customs Service, Legal Affairs Bureau, Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Macao Economic Services, Statistics and Census Service, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 2 To strengthen the management for reduction and control for the unintentional release of POPs. To combine previous investigation results and study to study and formulate the reduction and control management measures for the unintentional release of POPs during waste incineration processes. To study and formulate the pollutants emission standards (e.g. Dioxin) for waste incineration facilities, thus strengthening regulatory on emissions. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 3 To gradually implement administrative supervision on the import of POPs pesticides and the food containing related substances. By the means such as administrative supervision to continuously improve regulatory of the import of POPs pesticides, and to carry out continuously inspection of POPs pesticide residue on imported fruits, vegetables, and frozen food items. Macao Customs Service, Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 4 To gradually supplement POPs relevant content while study and formulate the hazardous waste list or inventory of Macao. To cope with the requirement and development on the implementation of the “Convention”, will increase POPs relevant content (e.g. PCBs) in the study on the development of Macao hazardous waste list or inventory in the future, so as to gradually strengthen the control of POPs. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2020 3.3.2 Activity: Measures to Reduce or Eliminate Releases from Intentional Production and Use Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 42 Table 11 Action Plans for Measures to Reduce or Eliminate Releases from Intentional Production and Use No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 5 To investigate the production and use of the new controlled POPs, and their produce industries. To investigate the production and use of the new controlled POPs, and their produce industries, so as to collect information of industry types, production volume, usage volume, produce and release. Macao Customs Service, Macao Economic Services, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2020 3.3.3 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Wastes of Annex A POPs Pesticides Currently no manufacturers in Macao are producing insecticides controlled in the original “Convention”. The purchased quantity of insecticides by enterprises is based on the demand of annual business volume, and such insecticides are either for self-use or for sale. Related study did not find insecticides controlled in the original “Convention”. Meanwhile, related POPs pesticides, listed in the Import Table B of Annex 2 under Clause 2 of the Dispatch of Chief Executive No. 487/2016, are already subject to apply an import permit prior to entering Macao. Therefore, the management of the above substances will be improved based on actual circumstances in the future. 3.3.4 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Identification, Labeling, Removal, Storage, and Disposal of PCBs and Equipment Containing PCBs Currently no premises are producing or using PCBs and PCBs containing equipment in Macao, and according to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import and export records of PCBs between 2005 and July of 2014; therefore, the management of PCBs or PCBs containing equipment will be improved based on the import and export circumstances of PCBs in the future. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 43 3.3.5 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Wastes of Hexabromodiphenyl Ether and Heptabromodiphenyl Ether, Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether and Pentabromodiphenyl Ether Currently no premises are producing or using PBDEs in Macao, and according to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import and export records of PBDEs between 2005 and July of 2014; therefore, the management of PBDEs will be improved based on the import and export circumstances of PBDEs in the future. 3.3.6 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Wastes of DDT Currently no premises are producing or using DDT in Macao, and existing marketing enterprises that use pesticides are not involved in selling DDT. According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import and export records of DDT between 2005 and July of 2014. Meanwhile, DDT is listed in the Import Table B of Annex 2 under Clause 2 of the Dispatch of Chief Executive No. 487/2016, and is already subject to apply for an import permit prior to entering Macao. Therefore, the management of DDT will be improved based on the import and export circumstances of DDT in the future. 3.3.7 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Waste of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF As no sites are producing or using PFOS, its salts and PFOSF in Macao, and according to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (5 th Revision), there were no import and export records of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF between 2005 and July of 2014; therefore, the management of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF will be gradually improved based on the import and export circumstances of PFOS, its salts and PFOSF in the future. 3.3.8 Activity: Production, Import and Export, Use, Stockpiles, and Waste of HBCD No sites are producing or using HBCD in Macao. According to the statistics in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System” (6 th Revision), there were no import and export records of Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 44 HBCD (substances) between January and November of 2017. However, there were import records for polystyrene goods that may contain HBCD. As independent codes for polystyrene goods that may contain HBCD are not available yet, these goods may not contain HBCD. Therefore, studies and control of related polystyrene goods that may contain HBCD will be gradually improved based on the import and export circumstances in the future. 3.3.9 Activity: Register for Specific Exemptions and the Continuing Need for Exemptions Table 12 Action Plans for Register for Specific Exemptions and the Continuing Need for Exemptions No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 6 To analyze relevant needs for exemptions. To carry out study and analyze the needs for exemptions based on the existing investigation results production and use of POPs. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 3.3.10 Action Plan: Measures to Reduce Releases from Unintentional Sources The third phase expansion project of the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant is being planned. The expansion of incineration facilities will make reference to the requirements of the EU directives. Table 13 Action Plans for Measures to Reduce Releases from Unintentional Sources No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 7 To establish the dynamic emission inventories for Dioxin and PCBs. To establish the dynamic database system for Dioxin and PCBs, for storage and analysis the changes of the emission inventories. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2020 8 To strengthen the control of unintentional emissions from incineration facilities To carry out feasibility study on the overall expansion and consecutive optimization of incineration facilities, in order to implement best practicable technology/best practices for production for achieving better Dioxin emission levels through relevant facility improvement works. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2020 Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 45 9 To study on the improvement of policy mechanism for reduction and control of unintentionally produced POPs To carry out integrated assessment, analysis and propose reducing and controlling directions for unintentionally produced POPs at waste incineration facilities, based on the existing management of such facilities Macao Economic Services, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2021-2025 3.3.11 Activity: Measures to Reduce Releases from Stockpiles and Wastes Table 14 Action Plans for Measures to Reduce Releases from Stockpiles and Wastes No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 10 To improve the management system and managerial capacity for the environmentally sound management of waste containing POPs. To continuously improve the related management measures for the import and export of POPs waste; establish or refer to technical specification system on managing and disposing POPs waste in an environmentally sound manner; conduct promotion and trainings on management awareness and techniques to personnel related to the management of POPs waste; and strengthen the supervision capability for the environmentally sound management of POPs waste. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2021-2025 11 To establish or increase the handling capability for the environmentally sound treatment of waste containing POPs. To gradually introduce advance technology for the environmentally sound treatment of POPs waste; ad organize demonstration activities for the environmentally sound treatment of waste (especially electrical and electronic waste), which includes centralized recycling for waste containing POPs such as electrical and electronic waste in environmentally sound manner, thus reducing POPs related environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of such waste. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2020 3.3.12 Strategy: Identification of Stockpiles, Articles in Use and Wastes Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 46 Table 15 Action Plans for Identification of Stockpiles, Articles in Use and Wastes No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 12 To improve the dynamic database system for POPs stockpiles and waste containing POPs. To carry out investigations on POPs-related industries; improve the database of POPs stockpiles and waste and contaminated sites under the information system framework, thus achieving the information updates of POPs stockpiles and waste containing POPs. Macao Customs Service, Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Macao Economic Services, Statistics and Census Service, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies. 2016-2020 3.3.13 Activity: Manage Stockpiles and Appropriate Measures for Handling and Disposal of Articles in Use To develop further measures on managing stockpiles, handling and disposal of articles in use according to investigation results and needs as in Section 3.3.11. 3.3.14 Strategy: Identification of Contaminated Sites and Remediation in an Environmentally Sound Manner Table 16 Action Plans for Identification of Contaminated Sites and Remediation in an Environmentally Sound Manner No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 13 To identify and manage POPs contaminated sites in an environmenta lly sound manner. To identify POPs contaminated sites with reference to identification standards and ecological risk assessment standards, and progressively carry out study on environmental measures and remediation technologies for POPs contaminated sites, thus strengthening the environmentally sound management of such sites. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 3.3.15 Activity: Facilitating or Undertaking Information Exchange and Stakeholder Involvement Table 17 Action Plans for Periodic Information Exchange and Cooperation on the Implementation of the “Convention” No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 47 14 To periodically exchange and cooperate on the implementati on of the “Convention” To facilitate the exchange between relevant agencies having close contact with the Macao SAR in the region regarding to the implementation of the “Convention”. Relevant agencies involved in the implementation of the “Convention” Ongoing basis 3.3.16 Activity: Public Awareness, Information and Education Table 18 Action Plans for Raising Public Awareness, Information and Education No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 15 To enhance public awareness, information and education. To strengthen public awareness on POPs and POPs control laws and regulations, through various forms of publicity and education activities. Legal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies. Ongoing basis 3.3.17 Activity: Effectiveness Evaluation Table 19 Action Plans for Effectiveness Evaluation Submission No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 16 To conduct effectiveness evaluation on the implementati on of the “Convention ” To provide detailed descriptions of measures taken for the implementation of the “Convention” according to the information management mechanism on implementation, and assess the effectiveness of such measures; to carry out effectiveness evaluation every 4 years as required; to establish a reporting mechanism and to strengthen relevant capacity building. Relevant agencies involved in the implementation of the “Convention” To conduct effectiveness evaluation every 4 years according to requirements listed in the “Convention” 3.3.18 Activity: Reporting Table 20 Action Plans for Report Submission No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 48 17 To submit reports on the implementati on of the “Convention ” To submit reports on the implementation of the “Convention”, coping with our national implementation requirements. Relevant agencies involved in the implementation of the “Convention” To submit reports on the implementation of the “Convention”, coping with our national implementation requirements. 3.3.19 Activity: Research, Development and Monitoring Table 21 Action Plans for Research, Development and Monitoring No. Action Details Relevant implementing bodies Period of implementation 18 To regularly monitor POPs levels in environmental media, human breast milk and biota. To select representative points to monitor the changing trends of POPs concentration in ambient air, soil and water bodies, and gradually carry out periodic monitoring. To launch the “Study of POPs content in Macao human breast milk” and follow up with the POPs content in mothers’ breast milk in Macao. Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 19 To periodically monitor major pollution sources and surroundings of contaminated sites. To progressively conduct investigation and identify contamination levels of sites; including the temporary storage site of fly ash, waste incineration plants, wastewater treatment facilities, and their surrounding area. To organize and carry out periodic monitoring for POPs content in contaminated sites and their surrounding soil, surface water, leachate and groundwater. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 20 To strengthen scientific research on POPs. To carry out relevant supporting studies, so as to align with the latest trend of the “Convention” and also the technological development related to POPs research and elimination. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2016-2025 3.3.20 Activity: Technical and Financial Assistance Not applicable. 3.4 Development and Capacity-building Proposals and Priorities To achieve the above mentioned objectives of the implementation plan, the following work tasks will be of a prior focus: Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 49  To clearly define the organizational framework for the implementation of the “Convention”, and to strengthen the implementation capacity of the Macao SAR on its implementation.  To sequentially propose relevant laws, regulations or plans, thus improving the management system for POPs or related goods.  To strengthen technical forces and personnel training on research, development and monitoring related to POPs.  To promote the continuous adoption of BAT/BAP for unintentional release sources in Macao.  To carry out publicity and education tasks, thus strengthening the POPs awareness of relevant groups. 3.5 Timetable for Implementation Strategy and Relevant Implementing Bodies The implementation timetable for activities, action plans and strategies mentioned in Section 3.3 and the relevant implementing bodies are as below: Table 22 Timetable for Implementation Strategy No. Action Relevant implementing bodies Suggested action period 2016-2020 2021-2025 1 To continuously promote the development or revision of laws and regulations related to POPs Macao Customs Service, Legal Affairs Bureau, Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Macao Economic Services, Statistics and Census Service, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 2 To strengthen the management for reduction and control for the unintentional release of POPs. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 3 To gradually implement administrative supervision on the import of POPs pesticides and the food containing related substances Macao Customs Service, Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 4 To gradually supplement POPs relevant content while study and formulate the hazardous waste list or inventory of Macao. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 5 To investigate the Macao Customs Service, Macao Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 50 No. Action Relevant implementing bodies Suggested action period 2016-2020 2021-2025 production and use of the new controlled POPs, and their produce industries Economic Services, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 6 To analyze relevant needs for exemptions Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 7 To establish the dynamic emission inventories for Dioxin and PCBs. Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 8 To strengthen the control of unintentional emissions from incineration facilities Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 9 To study on the improvement of policy mechanism for reduction and control of unintentionally produced POPs Macao Economic Services, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 10 To improve the management system and managerial capacity for the environmentally sound management of waste containing POPs Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 11 To establish or increase the handling capacity for the environmentally sound treatment of waste containing POPs Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 12 To improve the dynamic database system for POPs stockpiles and waste containing POPs Macao Customs Service, Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Macao Economic Services, Statistics and Census Service, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 13 To identify and manage POPs contaminated sites in an environmentally sound manner Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 14 To periodically exchange and cooperate for the implementation of the “Convention” Relevant agencies involved in the implementation of the “Convention” 15 To enhance public awareness, information and education Legal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 16 To conduct effectiveness evaluation on the Relevant agencies involved in the implementation of the “Convention” To conduct effectiveness evaluation every 4 years according to requirements listed Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 51 No. Action Relevant implementing bodies Suggested action period 2016-2020 2021-2025 implementation of the “Convention” in the “Convention”. 17 To submit reports on the implementation of the “Convention” Relevant agencies involved in the implementation of the “Convention” To submit reports on the implementation of the “Convention” according to the implementation requirements by the P.R.C. 18 To regularly monitor POPs levels in environmental media, human breast milk and biota Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau, Health Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 19 To periodically monitor major pollution sources and surroundings of contaminated sites Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies 20 To strengthen scientific research on POPs Environmental Protection Bureau and other relevant agencies Note: ▆▆▆ indicates the suggested action period. 3.6 Implementation Status of the Macao SAR Implementation Plan The Macao SAR Government, according to “Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants”, has promoted relevant works and completed action plans as required for the early-phase implementation of the “Convention” between 2006 and 2014. The completion progress of various works is evaluated as below. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 52 Table 23 Completion Progress of Action Plans for the Early-phase Implementation of the “Convention” No. Item Sub-item Content Completion progress Action plans of the first phase 1 To develop relevant mechanisms to implement the “Convention” and identify implementation bodies Relevant agencies of the Macao SAR Government continuously follow up the tasks in the “Convention”, maintain close collaboration through relevant communication mechanisms, hold periodic meetings, and implement action plans according to their functions, so as to fulfill the provisions in the “Convention” and our national requirements. Ongoing 2 To develop laws to forbid or control the import, export and transfer of chemicals listed in the Annex A and Annex B of the “Convention” The Macao SAR Government revises the “Foreign Trade Law” on an ongoing basis and has also assigned individual codes for listed POPs in the “Nomenclature for the External Trade of Macao / Harmonized System”, which makes it convenient for the competent bodies to control and collect data on the import and export of such goods. Ongoing 3 To gradually carry out systematic surveys and evaluation of POPs in Macao To conduct surveys and evaluation of the basic situation of PCBs in Macao To conduct investigations to enterprises and industrial premises in Macao, identify and indicate equipment containing PCBs, especially the following: equipment in use with the capacity larger than 5L and containing over 10% of PCBs, capacity larger than 5L and containing over 0.05% of PCBs, capacity larger than 0.05L and containing over 0.005% of PCBs, and other equipment in use containing over 0.005% of PCBs. To conduct systematic investigation and monitoring for PCBs concentration in the environment, collect information of concentrations and distribution in water body, ambient air, sediment, soil and biota in Macao. Completed relevant content in 2010 4 To conduct surveys and evaluation of basic information on unintentional release of POPs in Macao To conduct investigation to emission sources, prepare inventories for emission sources and estimated emissions. To conduct systematic research studies and monitoring plans for POPs unintentionally released in the environment, collect information of POPs concentrations and distribution in water bodies, ambient air, sediment, soil and biota. Between 2000 and 2012, 2 periods of environmental monitoring were completed 5 To conduct surveys and evaluation of basic information on POPs (used as pesticides) in Annex A of the “Convention” in Macao To conduct surveys to related organizations, factories, importers and pest control companies, so as to obtain quantity data on production, use, stockpiles of POPs pesticides, and goods or waste containing such POPs. To conduct research study and monitoring plan, and systematically collect information of POPs pesticides concentrations and distribution in water body, ambient air, sediment, soil and biota. Relevant content was completed in 2010 6 To conduct surveys To conduct surveys to related organizations, factories, importers and pest control companies, Relevant Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 53 and evaluation of basic information on DDT in Macao so as to obtain quantity data on production, use, stockpiles of DDT, and goods or waste containing DDT. To conduct research studies and monitoring plans, and systematically collect information of DDT concentrations and distribution in water bodies, ambient air, sediment, soil and biota. content was completed in 2010 7 To conduct surveys and evaluation of sites contaminated by POPs To conduct further investigation and risk assessment on POPs contaminated sites based on POPs status and assessment of information from previously completed studies. Ongoing 8 To control the emission of new sources of unintentional release of POPs To adopt more advanced equipment for the proposed expansion of the Macao Refuse Incineration Plant and the Macao Special and Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant, so as to ensure that the emission concentration of Dioxin is lower than the design standard 0.1 ng-TEQ/Nm. Implementing 9 To gradually establish a data collection mechanism and database on POPs status in Macao To establish a data collection mechanism and database to consolidate POPs information from all relevant departments; to consolidate research information; and to collect other POPs relevant information. Ongoing 10 To conduct initial campaigns in publicity, awareness and education on POPs To cope with the national activities on environmental publicity and education, so as to strengthen residents’ knowledge on POPs. The book “Environmental Treaties and Macao” was also published to serve this purpose. Completed in 2007 Action plans of the second phase 11 To develop specific action plans to eliminate and control PCBs, the unintentional production and release of POPs, POPs used as pesticides in Annex A of the “Convention” and DDT Based on the results of POPs investigation and assessment in the first phase as well as the actual circumstances in Macao, to develop regulations, rules and measures to eliminate and control the intentional production and use of PCBs; to develop regulations, rules and measures to eliminate the intentional production and use of POPs pesticides in Annex A of the “Convention”; to develop regulations, rules and measures to eliminate and control the intentional production and use of DDT; to develop regulations, rules and measures to reduce and eliminate the unintentional production and emission of POPs in Annex C of the “Convention”; to develop regulations, rules and measures to reduce and eliminate the stockpiles and waste of the original 12 POPs in the original “Convention”. To further develop specifications and measures for the management and remediation of contaminated sites based on the results of POPs contaminated sites investigation and assessment in the first phase. Ongoing 12 Strategy and action plans for continuous publicity, public awareness and education Building on the publicity and education plans stated in the first phase, relevant promotional activities and trainings to personnel in agencies responsible for the implementation of the “Convention” have been held, so as to strengthen knowledge awareness on the “Convention” as well as our national implementation plan. Ongoing Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 54 13 To carry out action plans for relevant studies, development and monitoring Building on the research and study plans in the first phase, to gradually start other studies, development and monitoring projects subject to the scientific and technical capacity in Macao, including monitoring of POPs sources and environmental emissions; their existence in the environment, concentration and development trends; environmental monitoring and impact assessment, etc. Ongoing 14 To submit reports and the mechanism to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the “Convention” The Macao SAR Government has submitted reports on the implementation of the “Convention” in 2010 and 2014, and submitted a report on the effectiveness evaluation in 2014 according to the national requirements of implementation. In 2010 and 2014, reports on the implementation of the “Convention” were submitted; in 2014, the report of the effectiveness evaluation was submitted. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 55 3.7 Resource Requirements To implement the various activities, action plans and strategies in the implementation plan (2016-2025), a capital investment of around 477.5 million MOP is required by the preliminary estimation of the Macao SAR Government. As there is a possibility for the “Convention” to control more POPs in the future, the budget may be revised or updated. Table 24 Initial Estimation for Capital Investment on the Implementation of the “Convention” 20 No. Action Estimated costs input (ten thousand MOP) 1 To continuously promote the development or revision of laws and regulations related to POPs 300 2 To strengthen the management for reduction and control for the unintentional release of POPs. 300 3 To gradually implement administrative supervision on the import of POPs pesticides and the food containing related substances 300 4 To gradually supplement POPs relevant content while study and formulate the hazardous waste list or inventory of Macao. 100 5 To investigate the production and use of the new controlled POPs, and their produce industries 600 6 To analyze relevant needs for exemptions 100 7 To establish the dynamic emission inventories for Dioxin and PCBs. 100 8 To strengthen the control of unintentional emissions from incineration facilities 40,100 9 To study on the improvement of policy mechanism for reduction and control of unintentionally produced POPs 300 10 To improve the management system and managerial capacity for the environmentally sound management of waste containing POPs 300 11 To establish or increase the handling capacity for the environmentally sound treatment of waste containing POPs 1,000 12 To improve the dynamic database system for POPs stockpiles and waste containing POPs 100 20 Not aligned with the previous implementation plan in 2007. Revised Implementation Plan of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 27 th March of 2018 56 No. Action Estimated costs input (ten thousand MOP) 13 To identify and manage POPs contaminated sites in an environmentally sound manner 150 14 To periodically exchange and cooperate for the implementation of the “Convention” － 15 To enhance public awareness, information and education 150 16 To conduct effectiveness evaluation on the implementation of the “Convention” 100 17 To submit reports on the implementation of the “Convention” 100 18 To regularly monitor POPs levels in environmental media, human breast milk and biota 1,500 19 To periodically monitor major pollution sources and surroundings of contaminated sites 1,500 20 To strengthen scientific research on POPs 650 Estimation of total invested capital 47,750