National Security Strategy

1. The Development and Approval of a National Security Strategy.

2. The Strategic Review of, Ministries of Government, the RSCNPF, SKNDF, HMP, CUSTOMS and EXCISE, SKNFRS etc.

3. The Coordination of the National Intelligence Infrastructure

4. The Development and Management of Social Intervention Methodologies/Initiatives.

5. The Integration of Private Security Guard Companies in the Framework of the National Security Architecture.

6. A Review of the Judicial System.

7. The Development of a Public Education Policy/Programme.

8. Executive Management Training.

9. Change Management, Employee and Organizational Transformation.

10. Additional Training, Education and Development opportunities for Law Enforcement Officers and Key Ministry Officials impacting the security of the nation.

11. The Engagement of the Private Sector.

12. Recommendations for the Funding of the Security Forces and Social Interventions. The initial step in the process therefore required the development and approval of a National Security Strategy which would provide the overarching policy direction and guidelines on how the Federation would go about confronting the security challenges that it faces. A National Security Strategy Formulation Committee (NSSFC) was therefore established. The final composition of the NSSFC (at the completion of the assignment) included the following persons: Mr. Dwyer Astaphan (Lawyer, Chairman) Mr. Timothy Antoine (Governor of the ECCB) Pastor Lincoln Hazel (representing the Clergy) Mrs. Michele de la Coudray-Blake (Director, Counseling Department, Ministry of Social Development et al) Mr. Donald Cable (Retired Comptroller of Customs) Mr. Joseph Liburd (Retired Assistant Commissioner of Police) Mr. Newrish Nital (Social Commentator, and Drug Prevention Officer, National Drug Council) Mr. Pierre Liburd (Ag. Director, Youth Empowerment Department) Co-opted: Mr. Austin Williams (Retired Commissioner of Police) Mr. Chris Ghita (nominated by the Chamber of Industry and Commerce) Mrs. Rita Cable (English Language Consultant) Mrs. Chessy Allen (MNS Secretariat, Recording Secretary) The Objectives and Terms of Reference given to the National Security Strategy Formulation Committee (NSSFC) were as follows: (i) To clearly identify the threats that are impacting or could impact St Kitts and Nevis. (ii) To analyze and prioritize Current and Future Threats, using acceptable international rating standards, in consultation with the relevant stakeholders. (iii) Clearly table the threat realities. (iv) Determine the capacities and capabilities needed to counter threats, in consultation with the relevant stakeholders. (v) Determine and clearly indicate, gaps in resources and make the relevant recommendations for addressing such issues. (vi) Determine lead, secondary, tertiary level responsibilities for dealing with each threat and the capabilities required. (vii) Finalize and submit to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of National Security, the Proposed National Security Strategy for the consideration and approval of the Cabinet. In their deliberations, the NSSFC engaged the Principals in the Civil Service, the Heads of the Security Forces and Agencies impacting national security plus other organizations, bodies or individuals that were deemed relevant to the safety, security and stability of the Federation. These interactions took the form of meetings, focus- group discussions, as well as Town Hall meetings, in Basseterre, Cayon, and Sandy Point. All the meetings in Nevis did not materialize as anticipated. The NSSFC was mindful of the fact that the security challenges to the nation exist in a dynamic environment and there are processes constantly in motion based upon current Government Policies, to address pressing issues. In this regard there would have been Programmes already implemented or being implemented that were geared to improve the current status of our National Security Architecture, the status of which should be addressed by the Committee at the appropriate time during their deliberations. There were some logistical and other delays. However, the final report was submitted to the Permanent Secretary in May 2019. The National Security Advisor then rearranged the Report into a format for presentation to Cabinet and the approval to proceed was approved in principle by the Cabinet. Further consultations were made with selected agencies by the National Security Advisor and the Permanent Secretary to further clarify and get buy-in from stakeholder agencies. The result of the consultations and the revisions have been incorporated into the final document that is now ready for implementation. The National Security Strategy is a broad-based document that of necessity covers wide subject areas but is confined to the Strategic Level with considerations that cover, inter alia: (1) Defence Matters (2) Foreign Relations (3) The Maintenance of Law and Order (4) Social Intervention Requirements/Provisions (5) Protection of Key Infrastructure (6) Protection of Sensitive Information (7) Protection of the Environment and National Resources, amongst other areas. The National Security Strategy represents an ‘all of government’ approach to national security, where all government Agencies, Ministries and Departments are expected to review their structure and operations to ensure that the security of the nation receives priority attention as required. The Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of National Security and the National Security Advisor are immediate facilitators and will advise on a framework to monitor the implementation of required reforms and other related actions in the process and will be available to provide any direction and guidance required, throughout. VISION STATEMENT St Kitts and Nevis is a nation that puts God and Country Above Self, where all exist in a peaceful, safe, secure and stable environment; a place where citizens, residents and visitors can live, study, work, and do business; a Federation that values its people, system of governance and consistently seeks improvements for all, by providing opportunities that cater for individual and collective well- being through economic growth, prosperity, good health and the respect for law and order; a small island state in which all sectors of the nation, government agencies and private sector, at individual and organizational levels, work together to ensure all threats to its security are minimized or totally removed. OBJECTIVE AND APPROACH OBJECTIVE

1. The objective of the National Security Strategy is to clearly determine those threats that impact or could impact the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, inform the citizenry, provide for and take those actions that are necessary to ensure the safety, security and stability of the nation and its interests.

2. This document represents the results of a detailed and extensive study undertaken by the Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis, together with consultations with all the relevant stakeholders, to include a very wide cross-section of the public. The Government now presents the Strategy for dealing with our threat realities and outlines the Threat Assessment, Approach, Tier Rating System, Responsibilities and their Allocations, Tangential or Cross- cutting Issues and Closing Statements. THE THREAT ASSESSMENT

1. The current threats to the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis (and to an extent, the wider Caribbean) are: a. Illegal Arms and Ammunition Trafficking. b. The illegal Drug Trade. c. Organized Crime. d. Transnational Organized Crime. e. Corruption. f. Financial Crimes – Money Laundering, etc. g. Cybercrime – Identity Theft, Fraud, Lottery Scamming, etc. h. Human Trafficking – to include Human Smuggling. i. Illegal Migration. j. Terrorism – to include Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives, (CBRNE) acts of extreme violence. k. Health Security – the impact of Endemics and Pandemics, in particular. l. Human Security – human capital deficiency concerns. m. Food and Water Security. n. Natural and Manmade Disasters. o. Climate Change. Strategic Goals Imperatives

2. In executing this task, the Government has taken the steps outlined in this Document to provide a National Security Architecture for the protection of the entire nation. It is designed to: a. Take the Profit out of crime. b. Eradicate Corruption in the Public and Private Sectors. c. Properly equip Law Enforcement Agencies and provide the necessary Legislation for them to conduct their tasks. d. Incorporate the Private Security Guard Companies in the National Security Architecture. e. Improve Border Security by Land, Air, and Sea. f. Develop and Maintain an Effective National Intelligence Infrastructure. g. Develop Counter Terrorism Resilience. h. Strengthen the Criminal Justice System. i. Fully utilize Community Policing and Social Intervention Tools and Mechanisms in dealing with crime. j. Eradicate Human Trafficking and Smuggling. k. Develop and Maintain Natural and Manmade Disaster Resilience. l. Improve Health Security m. Take actions to negate the impact of Climate Change and Develop alternative Energy Sources. n. Improve Food and Water Security. o. Continuously engage Regional and International Partners in the fight against crime. p. Make plans for the continuous improvement of the nations Human Capital. q. Modernize facilities for the Incarceration of individuals in the care of the State and provide proper Rehabilitation, Reorientation and Reintegration Opportunities. r. Continue commitments to the Regional Security System of the Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and other Regional/International Treaties, Protocols, Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding. s. Support the requirements of the CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy (2013). THE APPROACH

3. Taking the Profit out of Crime: a. At the heart of most, if not all criminal enterprise is the desire to achieve illegal profits. This theme transcends all aspects of national, regional and international crime activities. The Federation of St Kitts and Nevis is adversely impacted by this disease. The Government is committed to finding and implementing lasting solutions for the safety, security and stability of the nation. This will be a holistic approach that will seek the involvement of the whole of Government as well as the Business, Religious and other Civil Organizations and all Citizens of the Federation. In doing so it will also engage At Risk Youths, the Marginalized and Disenfranchised. It will also seek to address the Victims traumatized by violence, while providing opportunities for positive social development and ensuring adherence to the rule of law. b. Inherent in this approach is the tackling of all national and transnational threats such as: Financial Crimes; Cybercrimes; Illegal Arms and Ammunition Trafficking; Drug Trafficking; Lottery Scamming; Extortion; and the other areas shown below.

4. Corruption: a. This is one of the more dangerous threats to the Federation. Political, Judicial and Organizational Corruption undermine the basis for good governance, economic development and prosperity of a nation. The Government acknowledges this reality and will be moving swiftly to eradicate it. Our financial investigatory capacities, methodologies for awarding contracts, processes for making and accepting political and organizational contributions, security vetting procedures and their applicability, the nexus of crime (gangs) and politics, and investigatory capacities, are a few of the areas that will be addressed immediately. We will continue to improve upon those areas where systems and procedures are already in place. Where there is need for additional legislation or the enhancement of current legislation, those areas will now be prioritized.

5. Terrorism: a. This threat has the potential to totally devastate economies. The Government is mindful of terrorist attacks that have occurred in Egypt, the Mediterranean, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Afghanistan, France, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States in the last two decades. It is also mindful of the fact that Caribbean States have themselves been subject to terrorist activities of one type or another as has occurred in Barbados and Jamaica in 1976, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago in recent times. It is also mindful of the threat posed by supporters of Islamic fundamentalism in our Region and some States in Latin America. b. The Federation presents itself with numerous “soft targets” because of its reliance on tourism, and international political alignments, in particular. As a nation, we are subjected to the possibility of inappropriate, or, radicalized indoctrination and subsequent actions of terrorists or their sympathizers, through a variety of means to include the free internet. We are therefore mindful of the Freedom Fighter Phenomenon that exists in Trinidad and Tobago, the conduct of known Islamic Radicals throughout the rest of the Region, the means through which terrorists are funded, our proximity to known terrorist cells and organizations in the Western Hemisphere, and the free movement of individuals across borders in CARICOM. c. These realities demand a proactive approach in dealing with threats of this nature and this National Security Strategy outlines how this threat will be dealt with. We will continue to build the required Intelligence capacities, strengthen our Border Security Mechanisms (Immigration, Police, Military, Customs and Excise, Sea and Airports Authorities, National Emergency Management Authority), develop and implement Security Audits and periodic Risk Assessments, (some of which have already started), and commit to providing Public Education Programmes to deter this serious threat which has catastrophic possibilities. d. The transiting of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and other Explosive (CBRNE) material through the Caribbean Sea is of concern also and will be addressed in conjunction with the wider Region.

6. The National Intelligence Infrastructure: a. The process of strengthening the National Intelligence Infrastructure has already commenced and will be continued. Intelligence gathering and d issemination are critical tools in the fight against crime. They impact all areas of the threat regime to which a nation can be subjected. This is an area currently receiving priority attention. We will therefore continue to build capacities, locally, regionally and internationally. b. The Government is mindful of the challenges currently surrounding Information Sharing Protocols in the Region and commits to making representations for the improvement of the current system in order to be more informed and proactive in this regard. The safety of the nation is dependent upon this.

7. Strengthening Human Trafficking / illegal Immigration Resilience: a. The Government is aware of the problems posed to the society by Human Trafficking/Smuggling and illegal Migration. They create an enormous strain on the public purse and deny legitimate citizens services to which they are entitled. They are also detrimental to the Federation’s international ratings, as these activities are normally conducted in circumstances that violate Human Rights Laws. This can negatively impact the nation’s ability to do business internationally. Specific attention will be paid to eradicating Human Trafficking and its attendant activities in the Federation. b. As a country which is a signatory to the relevant UN Treaties, Resolutions and Protocols governing the prosecution of these activities, the Government is obliged to ensure that this threat does not take root in the Federation. We are mindful of past experiences regarding Haitian Refugees and the current social climates in Haiti and Venezuela, plus other experiences involving deportations to the Federation. Our Border Security Agencies (Police, Immigration, Customs and Excise, Military, Sea and Airport Authorities, National Emergency Management Authority) will take the necessary actions to enforce the law and make representations where there is need to further enhance current provisions.

8. Strengthening the Criminal Justice System: a. The Criminal Justice System in democracies consists of, the Courts, Judges, Department of Public Prosecution, Defence Attorneys-at-Law, the Police Force, the Military, Prisons/Department of Correctional Services, Justices of the Peace, and any other entity authorized to enforce the Law. b. The current system has many challenges, perhaps the most serious of which is a backlog of cases and an inability to dispense with them speedily. The perception of justice being dispensed swiftly, effectively, impartially and economically, is not real and does not provide a deterrent to crime. c. The Government is mindful of hemispheric experiences in addressing this problem. Colombia in South America, for example, started a Justice Reform Programme in 2002 at a time when it was faced with heightened cocaine trafficking and attendant lawlessness. By 2008, it was able to reduce the time spent processing cases by 80% and increased its conviction rate to 60%. Crime fell dramatically in that country because the prospects of being caught and put before the Courts had increased tremendously. It has not returned to the pre – 2002 status, although new challenges are now emerging. d. We are also mindful of inadequacies in law enforcement methodologies that currently play themselves out by way of human rights infractions and abuses upon citizenry that seem to be a growing and disturbing trend in police forces in Europe and the Americas. Recent cases in the USA, resulting in the deaths of Breonna Taylor (13 March 2020), George Floyd (25 May 2020), O’Shae Terry (01 September 2018), Walter Scott (04 April 2015), Laquan McDonald (20 October 2014), and others, still resonate throughout the Caribbean. In many cases, there have been instances of the abuse of authority on the part of our Law Enforcement Agencies in the Caribbean, that parallel their American and European counterparts. Government’s responsibility is to provide the necessary training, education, development and oversight requirements to ensure that the Security Forces police by consent using internationally accepted and approved practices in keeping with Human Rights Laws and the Laws of the Federation. e. The process of improving the Criminal Justice System is ongoing and it is our focus to create a vastly improved system by 2025. f. There will be a concerted effort to address the Legislative needs of the Services recognizing that; the provisions to deal with crime, corruption, terrorism, health issues, illegal migration, food and water security, energy security, climate change, disasters, (mandatory evacuations, construction of buildings in dangerous areas, closure of businesses in times of imminent danger, observation of building codes, etc.) are in instances, in need of urgent review. g. Improving the Justice System involves but is not limited to legislation and other administrative requirements. The Government recognizes the need for properly structured, approved and applied Social Intervention Programmes to address the needs of Marginalized at Risk Youth with displays of deviant behaviours and those that could be influenced accordingly. In this respect, there is a holistic approach being devised that involves all Ministries but more specifically those with responsibility for National Security, Justice, Youth, Development, Health, Education and Labour. Using this framework the Government will: (i) Develop a National Social Intervention Management Mechanism that will manage the activities required to address the needs of the population. This mechanism will be required to identify all interventions, current and needed, categorize, and provide resources needed, conduct studies, measurements and evaluations, to ensure validity and the achievement of the nation’s goals and objectives. (ii) Ensure the continued development and implementation of pertinent Social Intervention Programmes to address the At Risk Youth population. (iii) Be mindful of and take steps to address the human capital deficiencies that are impacting the desired development of the economy. (iv) Continue to provide assistance and opportunities for the social up-liftment of youths in the Federation. (v) Be mindful of the increasing incidents of malicious damage, poor interpersonal relationships resulting in abuse, the inability of persons to resolve differences without resorting to violence, the breakdown in family units, etc., and take the necessary actions to provide the mechanisms and legislations required to appropriately address these issues. (vi) Improve the investigative, detection and forensic capacities of the police in fighting crime. (vii) Provide training, education and development opportunities for law enforcement officials to ensure improved performances. (viii) Take the necessary steps, in consultation with the Judiciary and other stakeholders, to improve the time taken to dispose of matters before the Courts. (ix) In consultation with the Judiciary, develop and implement an Alternative Sentencing Regime. (x) Provide meaningful rehabilitation, reorientation and reintegration programmes/services for the incarcerated population. (xi) Provide proper facilities for the accommodation of the incarcerated in keeping with international human rights standards. (xii) Introduce pertinent legislation such as Plea Bargaining, Ticketing for Minor Offences (to reduce appearances before the Courts), Conflict/Dispute Resolution Training/Sessions, Restorative Justice Procedures, Case Management Systems, etc. to improve the policing of the Federation in keeping with acceptable world standards. (xiii) Protect the well-being of the Officers of the Criminal Justice System by the provision of harsher penalties for the killing of Officers of the Court, Policemen, Soldiers, Customs Officers, Correctional Services Officers, etc., and increased penalties for attempts to corrupt, or, offering threats to, persons employed to the Private and Public Sectors. h. The gains to be had from having an adequate “law enforcement” presence throughout the Federation is something that proved to be immensely significant under the RSCNPF’s “Operation Enduring Safety” in 2018. It is the intent of the Government to involve the Private Security Industry in the National Security Architecture thereby improving the “eyes, ears and general reach” of policing throughout the nation.

9. Health Security: a. The nation’s health determines levels of growth, productivity and survival. The Government is very aware of epidemics and pandemics that have inflicted nations internationally and regionally, particularly in the last decade, such as Ebola, Dengue, Malaria, Measles, Chikungunya, ZikV, Swine Flu, Mad Cow Disease, Bird Flu, Tuberculosis, to name a few. Of recent note and still impacting the world is the Coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic. b. The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused the world to re-examine the way in which life is conducted in every way imaginable. It has brought to the fore the value of human capital, the need for economies to diversify, the need for the development of a capacity for the recognition of Health Security as a critical component and dependent of National Security and the need to improve our ability to communicate effectively. c. We also take note of current knowledge of the impact of COVID-19 upon the elderly, young children and persons affected by life style diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, lung, or, heart disease, amongst others. d. We note also the rise in Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Spousal and Child Abuses, Sexual Abuses, and Drug Abuse that impact elements of our population. e. In going forward, we must learn from our experiences and that of the wider world. The ability to detect, contain and treat with outbreaks (epidemic/pandemic) speaks to the need to develop capacities and capabilities that will offer the nation the best possible Health Care System affordable. The Government is committed to realizing this standard and maintaining the widest possible contacts at the regional and international levels and will ensure that the relevant Ministries are provided with the resources needed in order to implement, maintain and sustain the protective safeguards needed for a healthy nation. At the same time, it has been observed globally, that there have been increases in transnational crimes, particularly the illegal drug trade, as criminal elements take advantage of the efforts of the Security Forces to police the nation in times of health crises. Greater cooperation and communication, education and training, amongst stakeholders, are now necessary to protect our citizenry when confronted with such challenges. This must be a serious consideration of the Strategic Reviews of the Ministries of Health and National Security, in particular.

10. Food and Water Security: a. The Federation of St Kitts and Nevis continues to be highly dependent upon imported foods and increased demands are placed upon water resources each day. b. With 80% of foodstuff imported, the country not only expends much on importations but is also at the mercy of politically induced international trade wars that will negatively impact current consumption patterns. The present trade war between the USA and China is one such example. Another example speaks to the current COVID-19 Pandemic and the reduction of Global Trading activities which have reduced productivity levels and restricted movements and therefore the ability to supply many types of goods and services, across borders. c. Water sources, as reported by our Research Analysts in the Ministry of National Security, are in need of better harnessing methodologies, protection from human and animal contamination and also from harmful pesticides used in the Agricultural Sector. d. The Government in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and other Ministries, will be looking carefully at how best we can deal with these issues to include the boosting of local agricultural produce. The systems and procedures to be implemented will conform to the highest international standards. Water catchment and purification facilities must be properly protected from the actions of humans and animals. Farmers will need to be educated in the care of the environment through the use of acceptable pesticides and other practices. e. The Government has noted the need for a better and more effective distribution of Fire Hydrants across the Federation. This has become necessary as our population evolves. This matter will be addressed based upon the submissions made by the relevant Ministry and Service. f. Again, the requirement for addressing these threats points to a new way of thinking, one that emphasizes a combined approach involving Ministries, Multi-Agencies, the Private Sector and Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) and our Citizens, in constant consultations. This indicates the need for greater collaboration, planning and implementing of the policies and strategies required to deal with challenges.

11. Natural, Manmade Disasters and Climate Change: a. It is a well-established fact that climatic conditions have changed for the worse largely because of the actions of humans, resulting in global warming. Hurricanes, a well-known phenomenon in the Region have taken on additional significance as their intensity has increased in the last five years or more. Category 4 Hurricanes might be a thing of the past as scientists are now mulling the idea of Category 5 being more the norm than the exception, based upon recent observations. Note is taken of the fact that predictions of hurricane activities, in successive years, seem to be greater than preceding years. b. The damage to be incurred from such weather conditions is well known. Hurricanes Irma and Maria, Category 4’s of recent times (2017), attest to the magnitude of destruction and dislocation that occurs. 2020, by way of scientific predictions, promises to be one of the most active years since hurricanes have been recorded. The Government has a responsibility to protect its citizens, communicate, provide shelters, protect the sick, aged, infirmed and indigent, ensure adequate supplies of food, oils and lubricants, medication, plus the general protection of infrastructure. This is an approach that involves all Ministries, Departments and Agencies with the lead Agency being the National Emergency Management Authority (NEMA). c. In recent times note has been taken of the increased seismic activities in the Caribbean and the possibility of damage resulting from such activity or the tsunami that could develop as a result. The government will be taking steps to improve upon the current tsunami warning system and also to improve our building codes to develop more buildings that can sustain earthquakes. We continue to be mindful also of the fact that most Caribbean Islands evolved from some form of volcanic activity. Though this might have been many years or centuries ago, we see the need to plan for possible re-emerging or reactivation of dormant sites. We will closely follow the advice of our scientists and keep the public informed at all times. d. The world is moving away from its use of fossil fuels. We are very much dependent at this moment on such products for our energy supply. We believe that the time is now right for us to be looking at alternative energy production and supplies and this will become the focus of the Ministries of Finance, Sustainable Development, International Trade, Industry and Commerce, Public Infrastructure, Urban Development and Transport. We intend to develop a Policy Paper that will map the development and future use of energy efficient and safer fuels.

12. Regional and International Obligations: a. In outlining the approach to tackling the threats impacting the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis, the Government has been mindful of, and taken into account, its obligations to all International Treaties, Conventions, Protocols, Agreements, and Memoranda of Understanding to which it is a signatory. The provisions of the CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy (2013) have also been factored into the development of this National Security Strategy. b. We fully realize that as a sovereign nation, we do not possess all the resources needed to safeguard our citizens, residents and visitors and so it is important that a willingness to engage our partners, be demonstrated, as well as a willingness to continue helping those in distress when the need arises, to the best of our capacities. Contributing to the strengthening of the Regions Security Architecture is therefore a matter of priority for us as a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), a member of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and the wider Caribbean. ADDRESSING CAPABILITY GAPS

13. Based upon the work done by the National Security Strategy Formulation Committee (NSSFC), the Government is aware of the fact that Ministries, Agencies and Departments will require funding and other forms of assistance in order to achieve the capacities and capabilities needed to deter the threats facing the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis, and also to meet its regional and international commitments. It is also mindful of the fact that threat regimes are not specific to nations but in most cases they are a global problem. Taking this and our realities into consideration, the Ministries, Departments and Agencies are required to conduct their Reviews, using the National Security Strategy as their authority, in order to build-out an effective National Security Architecture. These Reviews should identify the resources held and those needed to fulfil the requirements of the directions of the National Security Strategy, as they apply to each entity. The capability gaps that result, will inform the Government of the resources not held and therefore the actual additional requirements for financing and other forms of assistance that may be needed to meet their obligations.

14. Having determined the financial and other outlays, it is the Governments duty to consult with the stakeholders and create an implementation plan to satisfy these needs, whether immediately or on a phased basis.

15. In addition, the Government will continue to seek the assistance of donor countries, organizations and expertise to build the resilience required to make the Federation a safe, secure and stable environment. ACTIVATION OF THE APPROACH

16. The identification of a threat or the possibility of one emerging requires that the National Defence Council (NDC) be immediately convened and the relevant information put before that body for its consideration and action. This process allows the highest security body in the nation to be fully aware of the existing or projected situation and provides the directions needed to address the phenomenon in keeping with the provisions of the Constitution, National Security Strategy and attendant Government Policies. The NDC is comprised of the following persons: a. The Prime Minister – Chairman b. Minister of National Security c. Minister of Finance d. Minister of Justice and Legal Affairs e. The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Civil Aviation f. Any Other Minister as required by the Prime Minister from time to time. g. The Cabinet Secretary h. The National Security Advisor i. The Commissioner of Police j. The Commander SKNDF k. Any Other Person summoned by the Prime Minister from time to time. l. The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of National Security - Secretary IMPLEMENTATION OF THE APPROACH

17. The International Tier Rating System is adopted and incorporated in the Allocation of Responsibilities for Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDA’s) to provide a clear understanding of the Multi-faceted Approach the Government has approved to deal with existing and future threats to the nation. Where applicable, timelines are provided for the implementation of directives.

18. Neither the threat realities that obtain today, those perceived for the future, nor the methods for dealing with them are “set in stone.” The threats to a nation are very much dynamic events or possible occurrences requiring traditional, innovative, as well as aggressive treatment regimens and so the Government is committed to keeping itself abreast of such challenges and revising the National Security Strategy every five years or less, as necessary. THE INTERNATIONAL TIER RATING SYSTEM FOR THREATS

19. The International Tier Rating System used is explained as follows: a. Tier 1 Threats: these require immediate attention. They are clear and present dangers that must receive the priority indicated. These are High Probability and High Impact Threats. b. Tier 2 Threats: these threats have major potential for disaster. They are imminent, might not be seen immediately to represent the adverse capacities they possess but they have catastrophic potential. They are Low Probability, High Impact events, which can be upgraded to Tier 1 Threats in the “blink of an eye.” c. Tier 3 Threats: these represent situations that the Federation is familiar with in everyday life, some of which are taken for granted, or, have become accepted over time as the norm. They are an integral part of our social make-up. They do however, have the potential to “spring into life” or take on an “adverse persona,” or, be upgraded to a higher threat level, as a result of being “sparked” by a single occurrence. A riot in HMP, for example, could cause the renewal of gang violence amongst gangs in the Federation. The perceived unfair dismissal of an employee, by the employer, could spark severe industrial actions in the Public/Private Sectors and peaceful political supporters becoming violent as tensions rise in a General Election scenario. They are therefore of medium priority but require regular monitoring and reviews. These are High Probability, Low Impact Threats. d. Tier 4 Threats: although less probable than the other Threat Scenarios, they are potential risks to the security of the Federation. Their potential to cause harm is not immediate, however, to negate their impact in the medium to long term they will need constant monitoring and the development of plans to negate their development. The lack of basic utilities for some citizens/communities and the frustrations built up over time, fall in this category. These are Low Probability, Low Impact Threats.

20. The Probability Impact Tier Rating Matrix showing the threats to the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis and their potential impact, is tabled below: HIGH IMPACT LOW IMPACT High TIER 1: Clear and Present Dangers TIER 3: Persistent Problems (Medium Probability (Immediate Priorities) Priority Requiring Regular Reviews)

1. Transnational Organized Crime (trafficking in 1. Increases to the unemployed At Risk arms, ammunition, illegal drugs, and people, Youth Population: the lack of money laundering, cybercrime (to include opportunities for education, vocational identity theft, fraud, lottery scamming), white training, lack of opportunities for collar and other financial crimes. rehabilitation and reintegration of the

2. Domestic Crimes and Gangs. (narcotics incarcerated, lack of job opportunities – trafficking, illegal arms and ammunitions, creating high risk of social unrest / intimidation, gang induced violence, upheavals. homicides, and the recruitment of youths into 2. Using Social Intervention Programmes gang culture, extortion, money laundering, as political tools. contract killings, and bribery). 3. Inappropriate Labour Practices in the

3. Corruption of Public / Private Sector Officials. workforce creating possibilities for (Nexus of crime and politics, conflicts of Industrial actions, sabotage, with interest in employment relationships, adverse international impacts. employment of unsuitable persons, corruption 4. Poverty and unemployment realities. in the Services). 5. Inappropriate Media Programmes aired,

4. Weaknesses in the Justice System resulting in fueling deviant behaviours amongst at a loss of public confidence in the justice risk youth in particular. process. 6. Possible loss of International Support

5. High incidence of Domestic / Sexual / Physical because of the limited capacities existing Abuse to harness the human capital needed to

6. Inadequate Parenting, fueling Deviant advance social international Behaviours. programmes.

7. Natural and Manmade Disasters 7. Increases in the Incidence of recidivism.

8. Deportees and the transfer of First World Criminal Knowledge and Practices. This has the potential to increase transnational organized crime activities. Low TIER 2: Major Potential Threats (to be carefully TIER 4: Potential Risks (Requires Probability monitored, they can be rapidly upgraded to Tier constant monitoring and plans to negate 1, and have the potential to be catastrophic) in case conditions change)

1. Terrorism (particular emphasis on the Tourism 1. Food Security. Most food items are Industry, activities of radicalized persons of imported. The local Agricultural Sector is religious inclination or otherwise in the region, unable to meet current national copy-cats, the influence of known terrorist demands. Federation is subjected to organization in the Caribbean and South international power plays, as a result of America) trade-wars, by developed nations, or,

2. Potential of terrorist infiltration from global global health pandemics as is evident in areas of conflict, for example, Syria, Lebanon, the impact of COVID-19. Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Venezuela, other Latin 2. Water Security, protection of catchment American and Caribbean affiliated States. areas and purification processes.

3. The potential for terrorist funding activities and 3. Continued degradation of public / private Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear properties creating habours for criminally Terrorism type activities in the Caribbean. minded persons (overgrown lots, derelict

4. Political Interference in the Police Force. buildings, abandoned buildings, and

5. Absence of National Security Vetting Policy for abandoned vehicles). the Services and the Public Service. 4. Inadequately trained persons employed

6. The practice of Secondary Employment in the in high positions dealing with At Risk RSCNPF. Youth.

7. The difficulties experienced in staffing the 5. Energy Security, lack of sufficient Security Forces. diversification, potential for industrial

8. Health Security. (potential of actions, or, acts of sabotage at power epidemics/pandemics and the spread of generation plants, for example. diseases requiring controls on movements 6. Climate Change. locally, regionally and internationally)

9. Loss of Credibility with Regional and International Partners on Security Issues. (Table 1. Probability / Impact Threat Tier Rating Matrix) ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES TO THE MDA’s BY THE GOVERNMENT

21. TIER 1: THREATS, DIRECTIONS AND ACTIONS REQUIRED THREATS MDA’s RESPONSIBILITIES ACTION REQUIREMENT / TIME ALLOCATIONS 1) Transnational Organized A Multi-disciplinary Task Force is to be Present the Organizational Crime (TOC) constituted, comprising representatives Structure of Task Force with from the Ministry of National Security detailed Objectives and a) Arms and Ammunition (RSCNPF), Ministry of Finance (Customs Resource Requirements to the Trafficking and Excise/Financial Investigations Unit). Ministry of National Security for The Ministry of National Security is the priority action, within three lead Ministry with Agencies allocated as months of the promulgation of follows: the RSCNPF, as the primary Law the National Security Strategy. Enforcement Agency will lead the Task RSCNPF to devise and Force and be assisted by the SKNDF, operationalize Plans for the Immigration Department, Customs and deployment of the Task Force Excise Department and HMP, in to deal with its threat particular. responsibilities. The aim of tackling transnational organized crime must be to remove the ability to profit, bring the perpetrators to justice, thereby providing an ample deterrent. Implicit in all TOC matters is the requirement to ensure Border Security. b) Drug Trafficking The RSCNPF has lead responsibility. An improved capacity to deal The SKNDF, Immigration Department, with this threat at the HMP, and Customs and Excise have international level is required. supporting roles. More information sharing capacities are to be developed with Regional and Global Intelligence partners to deal effectively with this problem. c) Human Trafficking / The Ministry of National Security The continued rapid growth of Smuggling (RSCNPF) has lead responsibility, this threat is of serious Immigration Department, the Ministry of concern, particularly in light of Health, and Ministry of Finance (Customs crises impacting some States, and Excise), SKNDF, HMP, SKNFRS, regionally. Lead and are in supporting roles. supporting entities must urgently build the capacities needed to protect the Federation and ensure its acceptable international status. In doing so the matter of undocumented migrants must also receive urgent attention. d) Money Laundering Ministry of National Security has lead Our capacities here are limited. responsibility (RSCNPF), the Ministry of Lead and supporting entities Finance (Financial Investigations are to combine efforts to Unit/Customs and Excise), and HMP ensure that the human and have supporting roles. other resources needed are put in place to deal effectively and efficiently with this crime and also that the Federation is in compliance with its regional and international obligations, especially the provisions of the CARICOM Financial Action Task Force (CFATF). e) Cybercrime (identity theft, The Ministry of National Security has lead The Ministries of National fraud, scamming) responsibility (RSCNPF), Ministries of Security and Finance must Justice and Legal Affairs, Finance, the build the necessary resilience, SKNDF and Immigration Department through the appropriate have secondary roles. Services/Departments to deter these activities. Submissions to this effect are to be made in the respective Organizational Strategic Reviews. 2) Domestic Crimes Ministry of National Security is the lead Providing the necessary (a) Illegal arms Ministry and the RSCNPF the lead deterrents to crime in all areas ammunition narcotics Agency respectively. The Ministry of is the ultimate aim. It will trafficking, human Social Development, and Gender Affairs, involve new legislative trafficking/smuggling, Ministry of Finance (Customs and provisions and improvements inter / intra gang Excise), Ministry of Health, Ministries of to those in place. Ministries induced violence, Labour, Social Security and Ecclesiastic must treat these as priorities, gang recruitment, Affairs, and the SKNDF, Immigration over the next two years so the extortion, money Department, SKNFRS, and HMP have Judiciary can be better laundering, contract supporting roles. empowered with Alternative killings, bribery, etc. Sentencing provisions, and the citizens offered better protections. The Ministry of National Security is to develop a National Social Intervention The Social Intervention Strategy for addressing the needs of At Provisions for At Risk Groups Risk Groups throughout the Federation. will be used to continue providing new and meaningful opportunities for these persons in order to make them more legitimately productive citizens. A National Gang Reduction Strategy is therefore paramount. b) Corruption of Government will establish an Oversight Public/Private Sector Mechanism for the Security Services, Anti-corruption legislation and Officials and empowered by legislation, to reduce Oversight Mechanisms for Institutions/Organizations incidence of the abuse of authority and Public Service entities to be put also ensure proper policing in place by mid-2021. methodologies. This will involve a review of the Police Complaints Bill, the Prison Act, Fire Act, the Defence Act, and attendant Regulations, amongst other issues. The Integrity in Public Life Commission has lead responsibility on the measures that need to be put in place. 3) Weaknesses in the Justice The Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs System has lead responsibility with the RSCNPF, Restoring faith in the Justice HMP and the Immigration Department System as a deterrent to crime (Ministry of National Security) in and the avenue through which supporting roles. There is urgent need for justice is served, is the ultimate the review of legislation to make them aim. Lead Ministry in more effective in protecting citizens and conjunction with the other the nation’s interests. In this area, crimes stakeholders must put in place regarded as being prevalent must be the steps needed to improve addressed with urgency. Additionally, the the investigative and matter of Alternative Sentencing for prosecutorial capacities of the youths who are first offenders (pre/post RSCNPF and the Office of the charge provisions) are to be addressed. Director of Public Prosecutions Furthermore, the need to enact (DPP). The aim here is to legislation to empower Immigration ensure that offences are put Officers in the execution of their jobs in before the Courts at a both the land and maritime environments maximum of six months from is recognized and will be addressed. the date of the crime committed, with an overall conviction rate of 90%. It is also important that our youth be kept out of prisons, where possible. The need to increase the law enforcement capability within national The work here is to continue, resource constraints is recognized. In with submissions made to the partial fulfillment of the National Security Ministry of National Security by Architecture requirements, the the Private Security Guard Government has sought to involve the Industry, for amendments to Private Security Guard Industry, working the Private Investigators and in conjunction with the RSCNPF, through Security Guard Act (2009) and the Ministry of National Security. attendant Regulations. Under Particular attention is to be paid to the this arrangement it is intended administration of the Incarcerated to widen the reach of the Population, specifically the calculation, RSCNPF by increasing the review and use of alternative sentencing scope of their “eyes and ears.” and the implementation of meaningful Rehabilitation Programmes for the reduction of recidivism. Legislation is also needed to improve the development and enforcement of Fire Codes/Disaster Preparedness across the Federation. 4) Deviant Behaviours, Ministry of National Security has lead Inadequate Parenting, responsibility. The National Social A comprehensive National Poor Socialization Intervention Strategy is to be developed Social Intervention Policy providing for, the management, Framework is needed to coordination, measurement and effectively and efficiently cater evaluation, and accountability in the for the treatments required to systems/processes. The Ministries of address crime and attendant Social Development and Gender Affairs, issues in the society. This is Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, critical to maintaining the Ministry of Finance (Customs and positive gains made in current Excise), RSCNPF, SKNDF, NEMA, Social Intervention Immigration Department, HMP, Programmes and bring about SKNFRS, all have supporting roles. the proper management, coordination, measurement, evaluation and accountability of both local and overseas stakeholders activities. 5) Natural and Manmade The National Disaster Management Disasters Mitigation Council, in conjunction with Devise a National NEMA, has lead responsibility. The Scaling/Capacity for the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Finance holding of Emergency Stores, (Customs and Excise), Ministry of Humanitarian Supplies, Foreign Affairs and Civil Aviation Medical Supplies, Food (SCASPA), the RSCNPF, SKNDF, Supplies, Immigration Department, HMP, Petrol/Oils/Lubricants, Potable SKNFRS, are in support roles for this Water Storage capacities. effort. Develop and constantly revise and rehearse Plans to ensure the ability of the nation to have the best chance of surviving a catastrophe brought on by nature or otherwise, and recovering thereafter. In this regard the capacity to do Damage Assessment Surveys immediately after an impact is critical. Prioritize the acquisition of resources over a five-year period so the necessary Budgetary Planning can be effected. Build enough resilience to safeguard nation by 2025. Ensure the development of Contingency Plans to deal with eventualities and the compulsory housing and care of the vulnerable in society. Devise mechanism to ensure compliance to relevant Instructions in the Public and Private Sectors and the general citizenry.

22. TIER 2: THREATS AND ACTIONS REQUIRED THREATS MDA’s RESPONSIBILITIES ACTION REQUIREMENT / TIME ALLOCATIONS 6) Terrorism The Multi-disciplinary Task Force under Government will enact any additional the lead of the Ministry of National legislation needed by 2022. Lead and Security (RSCNPF) is at the helm of Secondary Agencies must have the combatting this threat. The Ministries of capacity to deter this threat, as best as Justice and Legal Affairs, Tourism, possible within resources, by early 2022. Health, Finance (Customs and Excise), Of particular note is the need for a Agencies and Departments such as, maritime capacity to address fire or other SKNDF, Immigration, SKNFRS, HMP rescue incidents aboard Cruise Ships and and NEMA have supporting roles. other vessels in our territorial waters. In light of current regional and global threats the Government will continue its programme of Security Audits of critical infrastructure, conduct a programme of education for the public in general and see to the institution of a Security Compliance Unit in the Ministry of National Security with the explicit remit to ensure that Government Policies are being implemented/observed. The Government therefore remains mindful of the catastrophic potential this threat has to countries and particularly small economies. 7) Health Security The Ministry of Health will have lead A scale for the holding of medical supplies responsibility for executing the direction and attendant resources, in the event of of the Government’s policy, through the epidemics/pandemics, is to be devised National Disaster Management Mitigation and submitted to the Cabinet for Council, where applicable, in dealing with consideration. these situations. The Ministries of Facilities to be identified/earmarked for National Security, Finance, Sustainable State Isolation Requirements in worse Development, Foreign Affairs and Civil case scenarios, going forward. Aviation, Justice and Legal Affairs, and Contingency Planning to be developed to Tourism, all have secondary/supporting meet worse case scenarios and practiced, roles. Critical Agencies/Departments in routinely, amongst the Ministries, supporting roles to combat this threat are, Department and Agencies involved. NEMA (National Emergency Operations Centre), RSCNPF, SKNDF, SKNFRS, Medically qualified persons, in retirement, HMP, Immigration Department, Customs should be listed and the means of and Excise, and SCASPA. obtaining their services, in time of national need, devised by way of legislation or otherwise. Where there is a need to strengthen Laws and or Regulations for the safety of persons, these must be recommended immediately. The means of obtaining support from the Private Sector, in times of a national crisis, must be considered and be part of the national Contingency Planning recommendations to Cabinet. 8) Political Impacted Ministries, Departments and Oversight Mechanisms for the Security Interference in Agencies are to make submissions to the Forces will be put in place by the middle the Services Government in their Organizational of 2021. They will have the required Reviews for all Staffing and attendant powers and authorities to deal effectively issues to be addressed. The Government with improper or corrupt practices. intends to put the necessary structures in All Ministries, Agencies and Departments place to ensure fairness, transparency, are to have proper Policies in place accountability and clear guidelines to be governing, Recruitment, Hiring, followed in an Promotion/Advancement/Appointment, employment/promotion/advancement Remuneration and a Code of Discipline in system based upon fairness and place by mid-2021. meritocracy. 9) Absence of a The Ministry of National Security is The National Security Vetting Policy takes National responsible for the development and its lead from the CARICOM Security Security Vetting submission of a National Security Vetting Vetting Policy which is currently being Policy Policy that will require all Civil Servants to formulated. It should be implemented by be subjected to the processes involved. mid-2021, across Government, at the This is a necessary requirement based latest. upon the nature of threats to which the The Ministry is to submit proposals to nation is currently subjected, our reliance Cabinet for the development and on information sharing across borders, implementation of a National Identification and the need to observe the protocols System by mid-2021. related to the handling of restricted/sensitive material, nationally, regionally and globally. Consideration must also be given to a National Identification System which will allow for the greater accountability of our citizenry. 10) Inadequacy of The Government seeks to ensure that its local Human The Government will Commission a study civil servants and service personnel are of Capital for to determine causal factors and take the highest standards in service to the Recruiting in the appropriate actions to correct this nation. This Study should be completed Services and problem which has a deleterious effect by January 2021. general upon the ability to properly safeguard the Ministries, Departments and Agencies are employment nation. The Ministry of National Security to examine Recruiting Strategies with a requirements. will have lead responsibility with all other view to ensuring that appropriate persons Ministries, together with the RSCNPF, are hired and persons are not victimized SKNDF, HMP, Immigration Department, because of previously expunged records, SKNFRS, NEMA, and Customs and for example. Excise, and other uniformed services, in The Review of all MDA’s will commence supporting roles in this critical effort. immediately upon the promulgation of the Steps must be taken to build human National Security Strategy. From these capital resilience in order to safeguard Reviews representations are to be made the growth of the economy. The to the Government for the improved Ministries of Labour, Social Security and administrative and operational Ecclesiastic Affairs must develop a Plan requirements of the entities. The Reviews to cater for the training, education and of MDA’s is not expected to last more than acquisition needs of the Federation in six (6) months. order to satisfy its developmental needs and self-sufficiency goals, for the workforce, in the medium to long term. 11) The lack of Ministries, Departments and Agencies are effective The Government through the Ministries of to take steps to develop meaningful, disciplinary National Security, Finance, Justice and effective and just disciplinary procedures authority in the Legal Affairs, will take the lead to ensure to improve the administration of their RSCNPF, and the implementation of Oversight personnel/organizations. The Services, in SKNDF, and Mechanisms to see to the proper particular, must be reflected as highly Human Capital administration of the various disciplined and efficient bodies, attracting Management organizations and their efficient delivery the youth of the population to serve their /Integration of services to the public. The Police country. throughout Services Commission is to be reviewed, The Police Services Commission will be MDA’s. the Powers of the Commissioners and reviewed, a more active body is required other Heads of Agencies and for the proper administration of the Departments will be re-examined in order RSCNPF. to create greater efficiencies and The powers/authority of the accountabilities. HMP is to receive urgent Commissioners and other Heads of Agencies/Departments, are to be attention to bring its capacities in line with examined in order to achieve greater international standards. efficiencies in administration, the dispensation of justice and improve the discipline in these organizations. The Ministry of National Security is to make recommendations to the Cabinet for the revision of the Prison Act and the institution of an Oversight Body. This is to receive priority attention. Steps must be taken to enforce the 12) Secondary Regulations in the Police Act as they Employment in apply to Secondary Employment. The the RSCNPF The Government is cognizant of the Ministry of National Security, in current practice that has been in place for consultations with the affected parties, is decades and the detrimental impact it is to present a submission to Cabinet having on the Force. The Ministry of outlining the way forward. Such a National Security is to consult with the submission must seek to RSCNPF and any other Agency that is negate/eradicate the deleterious impact impacted, and submit a proposal for the current practice of Secondary consideration by the Cabinet to rectify Employment is having on the RSCNPF. this problem. Such a Proposal should consider, a revision of categories of work admissible, the powers of authorization invested in the Commissioner of Police, applicable penalties for failure to comply with the relevant regulations, and options to the present system.

23. TIER 3: THREATS AND ACTIONS REQUIRED THREATS MDA’s RESPONSIBILITIES ACTION REQUIREMENT / TIME ALLOCATIONS 13) The Potential for Crime Ministry of National Security has the The National Social Intervention amongst the At - Risk lead role in addressing this threat; all Policy, should seek to manage the Youth and Adult other Ministries of Government will social intervention efforts in the Populations, to include have supporting roles, as do Agencies Federation, providing for Drug / Sexual Abuse, such as the RSCNPF, SKNDF, HMP, accountability, the capacity to and other Physical and SKNFRS, Customs and Excise and coordinate, measure and evaluate Mental Abuses. the Immigration Department. The programmes, ensuring that they effort will require the provision of a are being conducted in the best properly formulated and implemented interest of the recipients and the National Social Intervention objectives of the nation. This Strategy/Mechanism, incorporating Policy/Mechanism is to be fully the assistance to be had from Non- operational by mid-2021. Government Organizations (NGO’s/Religious Fraternities/the Private Sector, other systems in place, etc.), and Foreign Donor Countries/Agencies.) 14) Inappropriate Labour Ministries of Labour, Social Security The Ministries are to institute all the Practices in the Work and Ecclesiastic Affairs are the lead mechanisms needed to ensure Environment Ministries in this area. All other proper employer/employee Ministries will have supporting roles. relations in the Federation by The effort should focus on providing a March 2021. Of particular note is just and equitable environment for the the matter of both National and workforce of the nation, ensuring at all International Labour Laws, the times that both the national and issuance of Work Permits and international labour requirements are Visas, locally. These processes are observed. to be thoroughly reviewed, in Ministries will need to identify training, conjunction with the Ministry of education, development and other National Security and submissions needs and make submissions to made to the Cabinet for action. The Cabinet for consideration. Government also recognizes the plight of the incarcerated population that provides a critical service to the wider society and should receive compensation for their efforts and be better able to support their families and reintegrate when released. This should be addressed in the organizational review of the HMP. 15) Inappropriate Government will ensure current The Government is committed to Transmissions Aired by legislation is enforced. New ridding the airwaves and visual Media legislation will be enacted after media of all inappropriate consultations with Media Houses, if broadcasts and will commence necessary. The Ministries of National discussions with the Media Houses Security, Justice and Legal Affairs, to this effect at the earliest Education, Youth Sports and Culture, convenience. and Health, will need to examine carefully the material to which the Ministries, Departments and public is exposed and determine Agencies must develop and suitability for airplay or viewing. Where implement their own Media Policies there is need for new legislation of in keeping with the Governments other appropriate measures to be overall Strategy. implemented, recommendations are to be made for the consideration of the Cabinet. 16) Human Capital The effort to stem the increases in Deficiencies and crime requires the institution of The Survey of Required Expertise Threats to Loss of multiple programmes, running needed in our Human Capital International Support simultaneously in many instances. should be a joint exercise to be The lack of adequately qualified undertaken by all Ministries. human capital hinders progress. A Ministries are to be mindful of the Survey is to be done to ascertain the diverse human capital extent of Governments Training requirements of the workforce Needs, so appropriate actions can be today and table their submissions taken. The Ministry of National to reflect same. Security is to be mindful of the The inability of the Services to Government’s intention to build a new attract the right persons, locally, is facility for the incarcerated population of concern and solutions to rectify and plan for appropriate training of this will be critical to their structures Staff in advance. in the future.

24. TIER 4: THREATS AND ACTIONS REQUIRED THREATS MDA’s RESPONSIBILITIES ACTION REQUIREMENT / TIME ALLOCATIONS 17) Food Security The Ministry of Agriculture, Lead Ministry is to develop Policy Fisheries and Marine Framework for improving current Resources, has lead practices and achieving internationally responsibility with the accepted standards. A Report is to be Ministries of International submitted to the Cabinet within two (2) Trade, Industry and months of the National Security Commerce, Consumer Affairs, Strategy being issued. Health, and National Security, Wild/Deliberate fires are a serious having secondary roles, to threat to lives, property, agriculture and include the RSCNPF, SKNDF, productivity. Solutions must be found to SKNFRS, Customs and positively address these issues. Excise, HMP and NEMA. Existing Agricultural Farming Enterprises, such as the Prison Farms, should be considered for assistance to improve production in the interest of the nation. 18) Water and Energy Security Ministry of Public Steps are to be taken immediately to Infrastructure, Utilities, Posts, ensure the safety and security of our and Urban Development, the Water and Energy Supplies. A Report is Ministry of Tourism, Transport to be submitted to the Cabinet within and Ports, and Ministry of three (3) months of the National Agriculture, Fisheries and Security Strategy being promulgated. Marine Resources, will have Consideration should be given to and lead responsibilities, together recommendations made on, a Policy for with the Ministry of future building constructions mandated International Trade, Industry to harvest rainfall for domestic use, and Commerce. The following improving water storage capacities, Agencies, RSCNPF, Customs improving water efficiency in agriculture and Excise, SKNFRS, and and renewable energy solutions. NEMA, have supporting roles. Lead Ministries to develop Policy for Cabinet’s consideration by April 2021. 19) Climate Change A Government Policy will be Lead Ministry in conjunction with developed and initiated to treat supporting Ministries and their relevant with this problem as it impacts Agencies and Departments, are to life in general. Such a Policy develop a Plan to effectively deal with will involve, Public education this threat. The Plan should be programmes, an educational submitted for Cabinets consideration by package introduced at the mid-June 2021. Primary through to Tertiary levels. The Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Culture will be the lead Ministry, with support from, the Ministries of National Security, Finance, Sustainable Development, Justice and Legal Affairs, Environment and Cooperatives, Agriculture, Fisheries and Marine Resources, and Human Settlement, National Health, Insurance, Social Security, Ecclesiastic Affairs. 20) Property Degradation The Government will develop The Government recognizes that this Harbouring Criminals and implement a Policy for threat area has provided significant proper housing solutions while coverage for the conduct of illegal ensuring the upkeep of existing activities. In addressing this problem it structures and lands in public is therefore important that the means be or private ownership. The put in place to ensure that properties safety and security of citizens are kept in good condition and together are of paramount importance with derelict buildings and abandoned in this area. The Ministry of vehicles, do not pose threats to National Security has lead communities. Consultations amongst responsibility with support the lead, supporting Ministries and from, the Ministries of Agencies are therefore to take place Agriculture, Human and a submission made to the Cabinet Settlement, Environment and on how to negate this threat and Cooperatives, Public maintain safer environments going Infrastructure, Utilities, Posts, forward. and Urban Development, Tourism, Transport and Ports, Justice and Legal Affairs and is charged to develop and present a submission to the Cabinet. The RSCNPF, SKNDF, Immigration Dept., , NEMA, and SKNFRS are Key Agencies with supporting roles. ADDRESSING TANGENTIAL ISSUES

25. Conditions of Service in the Agencies and Departments of the Ministry of National Security. The work of the National Security Strategy Formulation Committee has indicated that the housing, equipping and remuneration of the Law Enforcement Services are severely inadequate, do not inspire loyalty, reduce confidence and morale and further serve to encourage personnel to seek Secondary Employment. These conditions, the Report indicates, do not make the Services attractive options for desired employment. The Government has taken note of these observations and is committed to addressing them. In this regard it will await the submissions of the various entities on completion of their Strategic Reviews.

26. Incentives. There is a recommendation for members of the Services, with over five (5) years’ service, to be allowed concessions on vehicles, land, housing and building material as an incentive to keep those desired and attract better qualified persons. These matters should form part of the individual entities Strategic Review submissions.

27. VIP Protection. In recent years, VIP Protection Duties have created a strain on the resources of the RSCNPF. This has come about as a result of a requirement to observe increasing international protocols for the treatment of dignitaries visiting our shores and the threat status, locally. The Government is fully aware of these demands on the RSCNPF, in particular, and requests that appropriate solutions be provided by the organization concerned, in its Strategic Review, to have the matter addressed.

28. Community Police Training. Community Policing Initiatives have been positively impacting the Federation over the past three years. The Government notes that this is representative of the new and acceptable method of creating and maintaining Law and Order in Communities and often times provides better results than hard policing techniques. The Government is of the view that law enforcement is a priority and persons involved in this endeavor must be properly trained for the tasks they have to perform in service to the needs of the Federation. We are therefore committed to providing personnel with the training required to improve Community Policing Deliverables across the RSCNPF. Bearing this in mind, the RSCNPF is to make the necessary submissions in its Strategic Review so that this can become a reality throughout its rank structure.

29. Crime Fighting Capacities. The capacity of the RSCNPF to investigate matters and bring them before the Courts, resulting in successful prosecutions, is not at the standard required. This does not allow the public, in general, to have the confidence it ought to have in the organization. It also creates a burden on the Court System and weakens the State’s overall ability to deter crime. The current situation requires that greater emphasis is placed on the training, education and development of law enforcement personnel in order that we can effectively and efficiently deal with the threats impacting the nation. We must seek to avail ourselves of the opportunities that are available regionally and globally, so that we can be more aligned with, and aware of, the latest developments in crime and how they are dealt with, improve current capabilities and meet the demands of our citizens for protection. The RSCNPF is to take this matter seriously as it conducts its Strategic Review which must clearly show how it intends to meet the demands being placed upon the Force for the security, safety and stability of the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis.

30. Enhancing Law Enforcement Coverage. The Government is mindful of the manpower and workload challenges affecting the RSCNPF, in particular. We are also aware of the work already being done to make the Private Security Industry a part of the National Security Architecture. Submissions from the Industry, through the Ministry of National Security, are awaited in this regard.

31. Secondary Employment. Although included above, the matter of the conflict of interest created by secondary employment by members of the RSCNPF is taking on renewed vigour, internally and externally. The feeling is that too many Officers are involved in non-policing jobs that are in conflict with their primary purpose and this negatively impacts their performance as Police Officers. The Government re-emphasizes the need for the Ministry of National Security, in conjunction with the relevant stakeholders, to re-examine this practice and provide solutions for resolution as a matter of priority.

32. Resources of the SKNDF. The tasks required of the SKNDF, particularly in support of the RSCNPF, far outweigh its size and capacities. The Strategic Review must take this matter into consideration and provide appropriate recommendations for the Governments consideration, to include the realization of any new Roles that might arise as a result of the directions of this National Security Strategy. The Government, for example, is aware of the inadequacy of Infantry Kit and Equipment and the Coast Guard Fleet, for the purposes of the conduct of land-based operations and the protection of our maritime and air space. These matters must be addressed with urgency.

33. National Crime Victimization Study. The conduct of a National Crime Victimization Study will be done. The objective of this study is to ensure that we understand the crime phenomenon that confronts our nation and are able to use the scientific evidence that will be obtained to further inform the many and varied actions outlined in this National Security Strategy, going forward. Consideration should be given to establishing the impact of Deportees and the levels and types of abuse in the Federation, at this time, as there is very little scientific knowledge of this at the moment. The Government has a keen interest is these events as it will specifically assist it in the development and implementation of programmes pertinent to our Social Intervention Initiatives, such as, At Risk Groups, Explorers Youth Clubs, Police Cadets, Army Cadet Corps, other Youth and Adult Development Endeavours, Rehabilitation/Reorientation/Reintegration of the Incarcerated Population, while facilitating accountability, transparency, the ability to measure, monitor and evaluate. In this regard it is critical that the Ministry of National Security commences and completes this study as soon as possible.

34. Obligations. The Government of St Kitts and Nevis will continue to honour its obligations to the Regional Security System (RSS) of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and the provisions of the CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy (2013). Note is to be taken of these obligations in the Strategic Review considerations of Ministries, Agencies and Departments. GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY

35. The Government of St Kitts and Nevis is fully aware of its responsibility to create a safe, secure and stable environment for the citizens of the Federation. The itemizing of the Threats and Allocation of Responsibilities to MDA’s, complete with, Requirements /Action Timelines, is necessary and indicative of the absolute seriousness with which our current situation is viewed and how we will to provide for the protection of our nation and its interests. We are further aware that these threats and our ability to deal with them are impacted by certain cognitive, traditional and human centric resource issues which must all be addressed in tandem. We are committed to doing everything in our power to ensure that the capabilities needed are achieved. CLOSING STATEMENTS

36. The National Security Strategy represents the culmination of a highly consultative process that had inputs from a wide cross-section of the society, inclusive of the Government, other organizations, institutions and the general public, in the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis. It represents the considered views of the threats confronting the nation now and those expected to have an impact in the future, and proposes a deliberate Plan of Action to deal effectively with them, incorporating the assistance of our Regional and International Partners, where applicable, while ensuring that we are able to honour all other Sub- regional, Regional and International Obligations.

37. This Strategy now represents the guiding philosophy to be applied by all Ministries, Departments and Agencies of Government in the conduct of their Organizational Reviews. This exercise allows them to take the necessary steps to ensure that they have the capacities and capabilities to carry out their responsibilities as mandated by the Cabinet. It also provides critical information to the public, clearly indicating how the safety, security and stability of the Federation will be guaranteed and the responsibilities of every citizen in the National Security Architecture Framework. The Reviews to be conducted and the Public Education Programmes will culminate the realization of a whole of Government in partnership with citizen’s approach, for the safety, security and stability of the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis.

38. It is acknowledged, from the work done, that crime continues to be a very dynamic, and evolving health phenomenon. The Government of St Kitts and Nevis remains committed to creating a better environment for its citizens, one that is free from crime and offers multiple positive opportunities for individual and collective development and protections from the other threats. We are therefore cognizant of global realities, the need to provide deterrents and the relevant services to the nation, while forging strong regional and international relations for the mutual benefits of peaceful co-existence.

39. Finally, as these threats evolve, so too will there be need to revisit our Strategies, periodically, to ensure that adequate deterrents, protections and plans are in place, for the protection of the populace, at all times.