Kiribati Development Plan 2008-2011

2. Safeguard existing revenue maintained through sources, and develop new tight control of sources that will not deter recurrent budget private investment in 3. Revenue collection productive enterprise declining

4. New sources of revenue yet to be developed Issue 2. Growth of 1. Design and implement 1. Population policy population restricts income per comprehensive population approved head policy to achieve stability of 2. Policy yet to be total population by 2020 – properly implemented 2025 Issue 3. Climate Change 1. Develop participatory and 1. KAP II project is in the brings potential costly risks to cost-effective ways of process of addressing economic growth minimizing and managing these issues risk of loss from climate change Issue 4. Access to flows 1. Maintain efficient contact 1. KANI established as of external income and transfers with foreign governments, partnership between needs to be sustained and financial institutions and Australia and Kiribati managed firms involved in trade and 2. RSES initiated as aid relations and partnership between employment of I-Kiribati New Zealand and abroad Kiribati

3. Work schemes with ROC being pursued CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 4

4. Exchange of Cuban doctors and Kiribati medical students

5. SPMS, MTC and FTC maintained with expansion into employment on cruise ships Issue 5. Continuing rapid 1. Establish cooperative 1. Working group now developments in IT need working group to take stock defunct coherent responses from public of IT situation, identify 2. IT private sector and private sectors issues and develop developing but unable responses including to fully meet the needs education and training, of Government technical standards and 3. IT training still to be equipment purchase and developed fully maintenance Issue 6. Private 1. Promote new research- 1. Pearl farming still in commercial investment is based investment openings research state needed in marine and mineral for private capital (including 2. Tuna processing resources and tourism partnerships and venture still to be contracting out activities), initiated and invite private 3. External investment in investments in existing tourism industry still GOK-owned enterprises being sought

4. EU and GOK aggregate mining project agreement with SOPAC still being processed Issue 7. Publicly funded 1. Upgrade air and sea port 1. Air and sea ports investment will be required in facilities and associated require further transport and utilities utilities at locations where upgrading for both infrastructure to enable private natural and human Tarawa and Kiritimati investment to proceed resources can combine 2. PUB will require further viable economic activity upgrading to cater for

2. Ensure reliable power and expansion of services water supplies in existing 3. Efficiencies of PEs urban areas, eliminate providing these subsidies to urban services services will need to be and require PEs to meet improved performance standards 4. Kiritimati power supply will need to be fully upgraded

5. Kiritimati Growth Center project may be able to address upgrading of power supply on Kiritimati CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 5

6. KSSL purchased another container ship and looking into expanding service to cover region, especially neighbouring countries Issue 8. Earlier initiatives 1. Complete implementation 1. Advisory unit for small to promote small business and of Small Enterprise industries set up encourage foreign investment Development Act 2001 and have not been completed partial credit guarantee 2. Foreign Investment scheme, and expand small Committee reviewing industries workshops investment regulatory scheme and advisory system services

2. Implement streamlining of foreign investment regulatory system Issue 9. Rural production 1. Strengthen agricultural and 1. Formal funding basis has been declining fisheries extension for price stabilization services, stabilize producer and support has yet to prices, motivate PEs in be established processing and marketing 2. Performance to more effective efforts to requirements of promote small holder relevant PEs has yet to production be defined Equitable Distribution Issue 1. Infrastructure, 1. Strengthen outer island 1. Amendments to Local services and incomes on outer governance and Government Act islands are inferior to those in administration, provide passed in Parliament urban areas increased funding for OI 2. Established funding for social and infrastructure Island Council priority projects projects

2. Devise cost-effective 3. Strengthening outer maintenance methodology island governance and for outer islands water administration still in supplies, roads, wharves, process etc 4. Water and sanitation

3. Upgrade telecoms in all issues to be addressed outer islands through EDF 10 project

4. Apply rigorous safety and 5. Telecoms established efficiency standards to in 4 outer islands inter-island shipping and 6. Radio broadcasting award shipping subsidy by established in Line open tender islands

5. Identify most promising 7. Rigorous safety and income earning efficiency standards to opportunities in outer inter-island shipping islands and demonstrate still to be implemented CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 6 feasibility 8. Still looking into most promising earning opportunities in outer islands other than copra Issue 2. Household 1. Improve collection and 1. Quality and frequency income and expenditure and analysis of statistics on of relevant data still employment data is deficient employment, living needs to be improved standards, income as dependent on distribution and access to availability of services, and publish the information from information regularly relevant organizations

2. National population census carried out in 2005 Issue 3. Pressure on 1. Improve understanding and 1. Training of trade people to get jobs makes them capability of trade unions to unions and employers vulnerable to exploitation by negotiate improved working ongoing employers conditions and earning 2. Working on compliance power/productivity of with international employees conventions on working

2. Promote compliance of conditions and rights of Kiribati with international workers conventions on working 3. RSES, KANI, cruise conditions and rights of ship employments workers additional to existing opportunities Issue 4. Traditional ways 1. Develop partnerships with 1. Leadership Convention of helping poorer people are churches and NGOs to involving churches, under strain and unacceptable identify people and areas in NGOs and other levels of inequity are emerging need and work out ways of stakeholders has been assisting them and how convened with a they can help themselves working committee set up to evaluate and

2. Provide welfare payments monitor outcome of the to elderly people Convention

2. Monthly welfare payment to elderly people has been implemented Issue 5. Dealing in land 1. Undertake broad-based 1. Over-crowding in is leading to emergence of study of trends in private Tarawa remains an landlessness, while some land land dealings and emerging issue leased by Government is not issues, including 2. Efficient and effective being efficiently used examination of joint use of leased land also development of leased land remains an issue so as to share economic 3. Updating and benefits with landowners correction of outer island land registers still being processed CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 7 Public Sector Performance Issue 1. Incentives to be 1. Create a competitive 1. Public sector reform more efficient are lacking in environment in the public still an ongoing process public sector sector by setting standards, monitoring performance, publishing results and rewarding success

2. Modernise public service 2. Revision of National regulations to provide equal Condition of Services opportunity and recognize still ongoing performance Issue 2. Weak 1. Base NDS performance 1. FMIS system not monitoring undermines GOK monitoring system on FMIS working as expected output budgeting system and specify maintenance of 2. Monitoring of outputs FMIS in outputs to be require further monitored strengthening Issue 3. PEs control 1. Incorporate PEs into NDS 1. Guideline for Board large amounts of public monitoring system, Membership has been resources but are effectively introduce Service endorsed and unsupervised Agreements and apply hard implemented by budget rules (accepting Cabinet that some PEs may not be 2. Service Agreements sustainable) still to be formulated

3. Review of PEs to be done soon Issue 4. Ready access 1. Provide subsidies only for 4. PEs still being very to subsidies by PEs reduces specific non-commercial heavily subsidized in pressure to be efficient services defined in Service terms of guarantees Agreement, and open 5. Public tender for subsidies to tender by services still to be private service suppliers processed Issue 5. Uncompetitive 1. Identify, test and install 1. Still to be implemented environment allows in-efficient efficiency-enhancing operations changes in work practices of public enterprises Equipping People to Manage Change Education and Training Issue 1. Declining levels 1. Review of the English and 1. Review ongoing for of literacy threaten ability of vernacular syllabus, improvement of English school leavers to adapt to promote more effective and vernacular changing economic environment language teaching methods syllabus and strengthen the support 2. Education summit has systems for language been convened and teaching and learning, outcomes incorporated including use of Internet as part of ME strategies CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 8 Issue 2. Post-school 1. Ensure secondary school 1. Updating and livelihoods may involve formal, organization and upgrading the informal or self-employment, with curriculums prepare curriculum is an or without tertiary education students for both formal ongoing process and informal employment 2. Required skills and

2. Manage tertiary training qualifications have institutions so as to keep been identified and pace with level and quantity incorporated as part of of expected employment the HRD plans opportunities 3. HRPC gradual shift in

3. Extend outreach to TTI to focus from formal support vocational training education to on outer islands professional and skills

4. Strengthen scholarship development selection process, monitor 4. TTI renamed to KIT to and counsel students indicate move towards overseas skills training for national and international labour markets

5. Scholarship process strengthened with appeal process instituted Issue 3. Quality of 1. Develop mixed-mode 1. Ongoing review of KTC education at all levels requires courses to upgrade teacher curriculum continuous and sustained skills, including delivery 2. Support to church improvement methods suitable for outer schools has increased islands teachers in the form of increased

2. Increase support to church subsidies for their schools students

3. Redevelop Schools Broadcasting Service 3. Ongoing review of Schools Broadcasting Service Health Issue 1. Outer Islands 1. Strengthen nursing and 1. EDF 9 rebuilding health suffer shortages of medicines public health training and centres and clinics on and intermittent services increase staff allocation to the outer islands is outer islands ongoing with a

2. Implement component that recommendations from addresses training of review of outer island drug outer island health staff order system including process of

3. Strengthen health service ordering essential management, supervision drugs and maintenance 2. Strengthening, nationwide management and maintenance of health CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 9 services ongoing Issue 2. Overall quality 1. Expand accommodation 1. Tab North hospital in and timeliness of delivery of and facilities at existing the process of being curative and basic public health hospitals and examine opened to cater for services feasibility of district hospital Southern Gilbert for Southern Gilberts patients

2. Home visits being done for more effective delivery of preventive health care Issue 3. Increasing 1. Refocus health education 1. Campaigns and incidence of lifestyle diseases activities on target groups workshops focusing on in association with lifestyle diseases are domestic and overseas ongoing NGOs Issue 4. Unlimited 1. Extend cost-recovery to 1. Charges levied for non- demand for free health services optional levels of curative curative health services services, and promote the 2. Establishment of establishment of private private medical medical practices and retail practices and retail pharmacies pharmacies still to be considered Issue 5. Role of family 1. Design comprehensive 1. Comprehensive planning services in population population policy to include population policy has policy family planning services been endorsed by with other social and Cabinet economic components 2. Implementation of policy still to be effected Issue 6. Threat to public 1. Strengthen public health 1. Public health education health from unsafe urban education services to ongoing sanitation systems and educate households on unsanitary practices in densely- sanitation and human populated areas waste disposal 2. Enforcement of

2. Improve enforcement of Environment Act and Environment Act and public public health legislation health legislation still to be effected

3. Identify cost-effective 3. Improvements to improvements to existing existing sanitation sanitation systems in South systems in South Tarawa and design projects Tarawa still ongoing for implementation over process NDS period Culture Issue 1. Erosion of 1. Promote maintenance of 1. Promotion of traditional cultural identity and traditional traditional skills, values and skills, values and values increases risk of social community relations in a cultural aspects of life CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 10 breakdown under stress of monetized environment, are being promoted economic change through teaching, through national events competitions and displays, 2. Still need to address and by public recognition of emerging social issues cultural achievements by reflecting a move away individuals and from traditional values communities Governance Issue 1. Monetisation, 1. Consult churches and 1. Move towards economic stress and access to NGOs to develop community policing by alcohol are increasing crimes coordinated policies for KPS against public order, persons community control of young and property, and weakening persons and law-breakers adherence to law-abiding 2. Alert community leaders behaviour, particularly in heavily and parents to need for 2. KPS strengthened but populated areas and among positive action on youth require corresponding young persons activities, vocational updating of relevant training, culture and sports laws

3. Train and equip police and judiciary to deal promptly and appropriately with 3. Training of police different types and levels of ongoing in conjunction law-breaking and anti- with PRPI social behaviour 4. Increased presence of police in the community Issue 2. How to 1. Continue public access to 1. Have yet to develop strengthen the public information on government systems for accountability of government policies and plans, and set performance reporting without weakening the authority up systems for to public though of Parliament performance reporting to information is readily public available upon request

2. Develop and implement 2. Leadership Code was Leadership Code not endorsed by

3. Strengthen capability of Parliament and will be Public Accounts Committee re-submitted to examine audit reports 3. Review of PAC and call public officers to ongoing account effectively 4. Access to social and

4. Improve public access to economic statistics is social and economic possible but up-to-date statistics statistics is the main issue Issue 3. Local 1. Outer Islands: see KPA2, 1. Kiritimati earmarked as Government is not able to strategy 1 a growth centre perform the tasks expected of it 2. South Tarawa: see KPA5, by national policies and strategy 3 under legislation Environment CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 11

3. Line and Phoenix Islands: establish development administration with local representation and accountability for economic, social and physical planning Issue 4. How to mobilize 1. Extend and connect up 1. Betio Sports Complex the potential of women and formal, informal and completed and ready young people for self- vocational training activities for use development and participation in into realistic preparation for national development process adult life

2. Assist women and youth 2. Increased participation organizations with training of young women in and collaborative activities formerly male-

3. Promote sporting and dominated fields cultural events and provide 3. Promotion of sports appropriate public facilities ongoing process Sustainable Use of Physical Resources Maintenance of Assets Issue 1. Poor standards 1. Ministries to identify 1. Maintenance issues of asset maintenance in the physical assets and specify continue to be a public sector handicap service their maintenance problem with ageing delivery and lower morale and arrangements and infrastructure productivity estimated costs in MOPs. Maintenance to be reported with other performance

2. Protect maintenance input allocation in Budget against virement

3. Minor maintenance to be contracted out by Ministries under procedural rules, major maintenance managed by MPWU Environment Issue 1. Potential social 1. Identify participatory 1. KAP II still in the and economic impact of climate development strategies to process of addressing change is costly and dangerous manage increasing risk, this issue and design cost-effective adaptation measures for use nation-wide Issue 2. Responsibilities 1. Confirm MELAD as 1. MELAD is the for policies and actions affecting responsible Ministry for responsible Ministry for the environment are fragmented policy coordination and policy coordination and legislation legislation

2. Use broad-based consultative and CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 12 coordinating machinery to assist MELAD on environmental issues and policy Issue 3. Urban local 1. Overhaul structures and 1. Institutional governments lack capacity and financing of urban local strengthening of urban motivation to perform required government for more councils still ongoing roles effective governance and developmental activities Issue 4. Public open 1. Government agencies, PEs 1. Kaoki Mange privatized spaces in South Tarawa are and schools to be 2. Kiribati Te Boboto among the worst kept in the responsible for cleaning program with schools Pacific and maintenance of participating adjacent environment Marine Resources Issue 1. Tuna: need to 1. Maintain close 1. Close collaboration maximize sustainable economic collaboration with FFA and with FFA and other PIC benefits from the tuna resource other PIC coastal states to coastal states still obtain maximum ongoing sustainable EEZ access 2. Public-private fees partnerships to develop

2. Promote public-private fishing industry still partnerships with reputable being pursued foreign investors in catching and onshore domestic processing of tuna Issue 2. Other Fisheries: 1. Conduct participatory 1. Conservation of key need to conserve stocks of education programmes with fishing stock in vulnerable species, in face of fishers and communities Kiritimati for tourism rising demand for food and cash engaged with vulnerable purposes being incomes species/stocks enforced

2. Ensure legal sanctions are 2. Legal sanctions still observed to enforce being processed conservation regime and prosecute when necessary Issue 3. Mariculture: 1. Advertise investment 1. Research and pilot managing the transition from opportunities based on projects are still being government research to research and pilot projects pursued commercial production and 2. Promote direct foreign and 2. Direct foreign and local export local private investment private investment has with no GOK participation, yet to be obtained but subject to strong resource management and conservation oversight CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 13 Mineral Resources Issue 1. Mining residual 1. Seek reputable foreign 1. Feasibility study for phosphate on Banaba (Ocean investment in mining the mining of remaining island) remaining phosphate, phosphate on Banaba under strict environmental has been conducted controls and sharing benefits with GOK and Banaban community Issue 2. Replacing 1. Promote private investment 1. Deep-lagoon beach mining on Tarawa in deep-lagoon dredging of aggregate mining is still aggregate for local use, as in negotiation phase licensed monopoly under with SOPAC environmental controls and regulated pricing structure Issue 3. Keeping abreast 1. Maintain liaison with 1. Liaison with SOPAC of developments in sea-bed SOPAC and other and other organizations exploration and mining organizations monitoring still ongoing developments, and request specific TA when required Land Resources Issue 1. How to develop 1. Undertake extensive 1. Land use plan for and enforce sustainable land use consultations to develop South Tarawa and schemes in the social contexts of public support for Betio still being Tarawa (North and South) and regulating land use in areas processed Kiritimati under population pressure 2. Kiritimati land use plan

2. Introduce pilot schemes covered under growth and expose to public centre project scrutiny to build support for wider application Protection and Use of Financial Reserves Financial System Issue 1. How to make 1. Increase funding of 1. Financial Institutions greater use of domestic credit in successful Village Banks Bill still being financing development, while and improve supervision considered protecting financial stability and and training of all VBs safeguarding public deposits 2. Promote use of commercial loans for financial viable infrastructure projects

3. Promote access of new and small businesses to DBK and BOK credit

4. Establish prudent supervision and regulation of financial institutions CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 14 Revenue Equalisation Reserve Fund (RERF) Issue 1. How to protect 1. Review existing guidelines 1. Legislation for RERF the capacity of RERF to for protecting RERF capital still being considered underpin future budgets, while value and ensuring long- enabling access to RERF at term sustainability of sustainable level for current budget support budget needs 2. Improve public and parliamentary 2. Information on RERF understanding of RERF periodically submitted performance for Cabinet information

3. Consider legislative restructuring of RERF into national reserve fund not accessible to governments without special parliamentary approval, feeding a government reserve fund accessible by normal budget appropriation process CHAPTER 2: Review of Past Developments 2004 - 2007 15 CHAPTER 3: Linkages of KDP 2008-2011 with Government Policy Statement, Regional and International Conventions This chapter will show how consistent the KDP 2008 – 2011 is with the Government Policy Statement, as well as with regional and international conventions or declarations. This will be articulated by a matrix showing the Key Policy Areas covered under the KDP alongside the key issues highlighted in the Government Policy Statement It will also highlight the particular regional and international conventions or declarations that are also covered under the KDP. Identifying Priority Issues and Formulation of KDP 2008 – 2011 In order to identify and formulate national priority issues the National Economic Planning Office (NEPO) within the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MFED) organized several consultations with key stakeholders, such as government ministries and statutory bodies, public enterprises, and the private sector including civil society and churches. While the plan draws much from these consultations, the current Government Policy Statement sets the guideline for determining priority focal areas and sectors. As such, human resource development – a priority area of the present government, features prominently in the KDP. From the meetings, workshops, and extensive consultations made, six broad priority issues were identified:

1. Human Resource Development

2. Economic growth and poverty reduction

3. Health

4. Environment

5. Governance

6. Infrastructures The key policy areas highlighted in this plan are similar to those highlighted in the previous plan (NDS 2004 – 2007), with the only difference in the title and re- grouping of the KPA. For instance, the previous plan uses the term ‘equity distribution’, ‘equipping people to manage change’, ‘sustainable use of physical resources’ etc. whereas this plan simply uses ‘human resource development’, ‘health’, ‘governance’, etc. Underlying this change in the titles is the need for simplicity, clarity and better linkages with current government roles and functions. CHAPTER 3: Linkages of KDP 2008 – 2011 with Government Policy 16 Statement, Regional and International Conventions Linkages with the Kiribati Government Policy Statement The following matrix shows the linkages between the current Government Policy Statement and KDP 2008 – 2011. Government Policy Statement: KDP 2008 – 2011

1. Objective/Goal: Economic Growth 1. Objective/Goal: Economic Growth through development and prudent management of our resources

2. Timeframe: Government’s term 2. Timeframe: Long-term, not necessarily the lifespan of the Plan

3. Contents: Development aspirations 3. Contents: Broad National & Sectoral aiming at addressing more or less the Strategies to address the consulted same development issues in the KDP development issues

4. Focal Areas: 4. Focal Areas:
Financial Management  KPA 1: Human Resource Development
Rural Development including Line  KPA 2: Economic Growth and Poverty & Phoenix Development Reduction
Social Welfare  KPA 3: Health
Education & Training  KPA 4: Environment
Health Services  KPA 5: Governance
Private Sector Development  KPA 6: Infrastructure
Youth Employment
Governance
Foreign Policy
Public Sector Reform
Climate Change Linkages with MDG, the Mauritius Strategy, and the Pacific Plan In this age of globalization, national boundaries and borders have lost much significance, giving way to more economic, social, cultural and political integration. As a result, issues which once dominated the domestic sphere have become global issues. This overwhelming change in the scope and magnitude of issues requires a more collaborative and integrated approach to finding solutions. In much the same way, planning at the domestic level needs to be able to absorb these changes. As such, the need to link and harmonize KDP with regional and international conventions is crucial. KDP 2008-2011 seeks to contribute to goals and agendas aspired to in three prominent conventions: the Mauritius Strategy; the Millennium Development Goals (MDG); and the Pacific Plan. The Millennium Development Goals seek to achieve milestones in eight areas: poverty reduction; universal primary education, gender equality and empowerment of CHAPTER 3: Linkages of KDP 2008 – 2011 with Government Policy 17 Statement, Regional and International Conventions women, child mortality, maternal health, HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, environmental sustainability and global partnership for development The Mauritius Strategy focuses on the three pillars of sustainable development, viz., economic, social, and environment. ESCAP countries, in particular the small island developing nations, are encouraged to consider all three in their development plans in order to have an integrated, holistic and sustainable development. The Pacific Plan is an initiative of Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) leaders seeking to promote initiatives in four important areas: Economic growth; Sustainable development; Good governance; and Security. CHAPTER 3: Linkages of KDP 2008 – 2011 with Government Policy 18 Statement, Regional and International Conventions CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008-2011 This Chapter puts into perspective the six broad Key Policy Areas derived from the wide consultations with the various stakeholders and aligns them with the Line Ministry strategic plans and key Development Partners. As mentioned earlier the key policy areas are:

1. KPA 1: Human resource development

2. KPA 2: Economic growth and poverty reduction:

3. KPA 3: Health

4. KPA 4: Environment

5. KPA 5: Governance

6. KPA 6: Infrastructure These thematic areas are considered fairly comprehensive and encompassing and very much in line with peoples’ areas of interest and concern. They also encompass the main thrust of Government’s policy which is economic growth for the people and by the people. The Vision depicts the long term goal of Government which is - ‘A vibrant economy for the people of Kiribati’. The Line Ministries’ strategies are aligned towards this vision and are linked to the six broad key policy areas. The following Matrix shows the Key Policy Areas and the broad strategies required to address them. The Ministries responsible for implementing the strategies are listed alongside the strategy with the lead Ministry - the Ministry with the mandate to ensure the strategy is fully implemented - listed first followed by Ministries that are deemed to be able to offer support in each particular strategy. Relevant development partners are then aligned with each particular strategy. The list of development partners is not intended to be exhaustive. It only shows those donors that we consider have a role in implementing the strategy mainly through financial and advisory supports. KEY POLICY AREAS, ISSUES and BROAD STRATEGIES HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 19 The ‘strategies’ indicated here are actually ‘goals’ in the Education Sector Strategic Plan 2008-2011. For more details of these strategies, see the Education Sector Plan. Human resources are of paramount importance in the development and future economic growth of the country. While ‘formal education’ is important in nurturing our human resources at all school levels, ‘human resource development’ (HRD) goes one step further in highlighting the need to build the capacity of our human resources for both domestic and external labour markets. The matrix below provides the strategies for formal education only. The strategies for further enhancement of the capacity of our human resource are detailed in KPA 2: Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction and KPA 4: Governance in addressing such issues as unemployment and weak public service delivery. Issue Strategies Responsible Development ministry/body partners

1. Raising 1. Improving the quality of ME AUSAID, education curriculum and assessment, UNESCO standards raising educational standards and quality and providing quality curriculum resources for schools.

2. Providing healthy and safe ME AUSAID school buildings and MPWU UNICEF, facilities, essential materials, MISA Japan, ROC resources and equipment for schools and improving the quality of teaching.

3. Improving work force ME AUSAID, planning for teachers and PSO UNICEF managers, developing OB, NZAID conditions of service for MFED AUSAID teachers linked to professional standards, strengthening school administrations and providing effective support services to schools.

4. Improving policy ME AUSAID, development, monitoring and OB UNICEF evaluation, financial planning and use of data as a tool for effective planning.

5. Strengthen relevant ME AUSAID, legislation and school OAG UNICEF auditing process CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 20

6. Strengthen and enhance ME AUSAID, partnerships with MISA UNICEF communities (including churches) and raise public awareness of education policies and initiatives

7. Continue with the ME AUSAID, comprehensive reform on UNICEF pre-schools, primary, secondary and tertiary schools

8. Strengthen KTC by getting ME AUSAID more qualified teachers and NZAID adequate teaching materials and facilities

9. Develop and enhance sport ME facilities in schools MISA

10. Encourage and support ME existing and potential non- MFED Government providers of formal education

11. Encourage the use of ME computers and internet in MCTTD schools

2. Increase 1. Encourage setting up of ME AUSAID retention of private schools, especially MISA NZAID school senior secondary schools Churches UNICEF students to continue on 2. Establish and promote MLHRD AUSAID to higher vocational training centers for ME NZAID classes or school leavers dropouts UNICEF, ILO forms UNICEF

3. Promote partnership with ME SPC communities including MISA churches Island Councils NGO CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 21 ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION Economic growth and poverty reduction can be broadly defined as: Efforts to increase employment and income opportunities in the country which in turn should reduce poverty or hardships in the country. This will include efforts in developing productive sectors as well as developing our human resource. It will also include strategies to develop the private sector, a key sector in the economic development of any nation. Improving government and public enterprises delivery of goods and services is also covered in this KPA. Issues Strategies Responsible Development ministry/bod partners y

1. Increasing 1. Develop and commercialize MFMRD FFA, FAO, and the fisheries, marine, and MELAD SOPAC, expanding mineral resources SPC, UNDP, economic EU, ROC growth

2. Develop and further enhance MCIC SPTO, ADB tourism, in particular in the MLPID AUSAID, Line and Phoenix groups MCTTD GEF, CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 22

3. Stimulate and expand the MCIC UNDP, ADB, private sector MLHRD, PIF, MFED AUSAID, WB

4. Revitalize the replanting of MELAD, staple food crops on all the MISA, FAO, islands Island SPREP, ROC councils,

5. Encourage human resource MLHRD development for both ME AUSAID, domestic and foreign labour PSO NZAID, markets ROC, ILO, UNDP

6. Develop and improve MPWU, economic infrastructure (e.g. MCTTD Japan, ROC airports, terminals, roads, PUB AUSAID, shipping, telecommunication, utilities, etc)

7. Improve and enhance MFED efficiency of public AUSAID, enterprises NZAID, PFTAC,

8. Improve, strengthen and MCIC diversify the copra industry MFED PIF, ROC

9. Expand and enhance MLPID production and export from MCIC ROC, UNDP, Kiritimati (fish, prawns, MFED PIF, SPC solar salt, etc) MCTTD

10. Enhance business MCIC environment to make it OAG UNDP, ILO conducive and attractive to MFED PIF foreign investors

11. Broaden insurance options MFED as part of enhancing business MCIC PIF environment AUSAID

12. Maintain and develop good MFAI relationships with existing All Ministries All donors and potential development and partners, development partners

13. Improve and update statistics MFED UNDP, CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 23 and relevant information for All Ministries UNFPA, planning and policy UNICEF, formulation SPC, PFTAC

2. Increase 1. Expand and enhance MLHRD(L) NZAID, employment vocational training centers MFMRD( L) AUSAID Rate and ME (L) Germany, employment Japan, EU opportunities

2. Stimulate and expand the MCIC, UNDP, ADB, private sector MFED PIF, USAID, MLHRD WB MCTTD

3. Improving the quality of ME AUSAID, curriculum and assessment, PSO NZAID, raising educational standards MLHRD ROC, and providing quality UNESCO curriculum resources for schools

4. Explore and pursue MLHRD employment opportunities MFAI AUSAID, overseas NZAID, ROC, Korea, Germany, EU Japan, PIF

5. Strengthen and encourage MCIC small informal businesses MLHRD ILO, PIF and self employment

3. Increase and 1. Encourage private sector to MCIC PIF, ADB expand invest in real or productive MFED WB investment in industries productive sectors 2. Promote creation of MFED PFTAC, affordable and accessible ADB, WB credit facilities so that the private sector has access to financial capital

3. Invest in economic MPWU Japan, ADB, infrastructure, such as in MCTTD ROC, EU electricity, water, transport, MFED etc.

4. Provide incentives, support MFED PIF and protection to pilot MCIC development projects or new OB businesses CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 24

5. Establish an effective unit or MCIC PIF, EU organization to explore and MFAI secure overseas markets

6. Reduce excessive MFED borrowings (including use of bank guarantees) by public enterprises

4. Lowering the 1. Diversify and broaden MCIC PIF, UNDP, trade deficit production and export base MFMRD FFA, FAO, (e.g. solar salt ponds on MELAD, ADB, EU Kiritimati, copra mill, pet MLPID fish, seaweed industry, etc)

2. Reduce imports through MCIC, PIF, SPC, import-substitution and MFMRD FFA, FAO, promotion of local produce MELAD UNDP

3. Improve quality of local MCIC, PIF, ADB, products and promote them MCTTD UNDP to tourists and overseas markets

4. Encourage private sector MCIC PIF, UNDP participation and foreign MFED ADB investment

5. Maximize benefits from MCIC PIF, UNDP, regional and international MFED EU, SPC trade agreements, e.g. PICTA, EPA, PACER, etc.

6. Explore, harvest and market MFMRD SOPAC, potential mineral resources France

5. Minimizing 1. Strengthen the capacity of MPWU UNDP, PIF impact of the Energy Unit AUSAID, EU increasing price of imported fuel 2. Seek alternative sources of MPWU UNDP, PIF, energy, such as solar power, AUSAID, EU wind energy; bio-fuel; etc.

3. Promote and encourage the MPWU EU, PIF, use of fuel- efficient plant, MFED Japan machinery, and equipment

6. Improving 1. Demonstrate commitment to MFED PFTAC Government fiscal prudence and refrain KNAO fiscal position from unnecessary over- OB spending CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 25

2. Safeguard existing revenue MFED PFTAC sources and develop new AUSAID revenue sources, including NZAID expanding the tax base

3. Improve capacity of Tax and MFED AUSAID Customs Service in the collection of revenue

4. Improve capacity of Tax MFED PFTAC Office to increase collection ADB of taxes on production

5. Strengthen public financial MFED PIF, ADB, management through long- AUSAID term budget strategies, including multi-year budgets 6. ncourage the private sector MCIC PFTAC growth so that tax revenues MFED AUSAID can increase as well

7. Improve capacity of MFED MFED to monitor and ensure value OB of RERF is not eroded AG

8. Explore and implement MFMRD means of maximizing MFED revenue from marine resources HEALTH The bulk of the strategies shown here are taken from the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan 2008 – 2011, so for more details the MHMS Strategic Plan should be consulted. Issues Strategies Responsible Development CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 26 ministry/body partners

1. Minimize 1. Expand and promote MHMS UNICEF, child awareness programs on child WHO, SPC mortality health rate

2. Strengthen the implementation MHMS WHO, EU, of IMCI programs UNICEF, UNDP SPC,

3. Develop and implement MHMS UNICEF strategies to promote safe WHO water and improve sanitation to improve child survival

2. Minimize 1. Improve delivery of services MHMS EU, WHO maternal for maternal health through UNICEF, mortality increased training of health UNDP rate workers

2. Provide quality adequate MHMS UNICEF, skilled care attendants during WHO prenatal, childbirth and UNDP postnatal

3. Expand, promote and MHMS UNICEF, implement awareness on WHO women’s specific health issues needs

3. Minimize 1. Improve coverage and delivery MHMS AUSAID, and eliminate of TB control programs SPC incidence of TB cases 2. Increase national awareness and capacity through MHMS SPC, WHO partnership with civil society

3. Promote and increase coverage of preventive measures MHMS SPC, WHO through public awareness

4. Minimize 1. Revise and implement the MHMS WHO, and control NCD prevalence plan UNICEF, incidence of non- 2. Improve the outreach of the MHMS SPC, UNDP communicabl NCD services e diseases (NCD) 3. Improve the provision and MHMS WHO, SPC, delivery of public health UNICEF services in terms of quality, accessibility, affordability, WHO, SPC, efficiency and effectiveness UNICEF CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 27

4. Improve and expand coverage MHMS WHO, SPC on awareness of the root causes and impact of NCD

5. Encourage the consumption of MHMS fresh nutritious local foods MELAD

5. Minimize 1. Improve and expand coverage MHMS WHO, SPC, and control on HIV/AIDS treatments and UNDP incidence of prevention HIV/AIDS

2. Develop training course and MHMS UNDP, WHO build capacity for caring HIV patients UNDP, WHO

3. Promote and implement MHMS practices that reduce the risk of HIV infection WHO, UNDP

4. Build capacity to effectively MHMS implement HIV education UNDP, WHO programs

5. Increase and improve MHMS availability of quality sexual and reproductive health services for youth

6. Minimize 1. Improve diagnostic skill, MHMS WHO, SPC, and control prevention and treatment UNDP sexually transmitted 2. Increase and improve MHMS WHO diseases accessibility to services for STDs

3. Improve and promote MHMS WHO, monitoring and provision of UNICEF services for STDs

4. Increase awareness of such MHMS WHO, SPC diseases

7. Minimize 1. Promote and increase MHMS UNICEF, and control awareness of the seriousness PUB WHO hepatitis of hepatitis cases

2. Improve and expand coverage MHMS WHO, of preventative measures UNICEF

3. Improve and maintain quality MHMS delivery of curative services CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 28

4. Encourage and promote MHMS alternative curative and preventive measures

8. Ensuring 1. Improve the quality of health MHMS UNICEF adequate information as a tool for SPC, EU stock of planning and decision making medical in the allocation of resources supplies

2. Improve and maintain outer MHMS UNICEF island medical supply

3. Improve and enhance MHMS EU, UNICEF communication between outer islands and the main hospital

9. Improving 1. Improve and maintain MHMS EU status of provision of health services on Island FSM medical the outer islands Councils clinics on the outer islands 2. Improve and maintain delivery MHMS EU, WHO of health services on the outer islands

3. Improve and maintain MHMS EU, Japan, provision and delivery of MLPID ROC health services in sub-urban MPWU areas

10. Improving 1. Provide highly skilled, well MHMS WHO, EU, delivery of supported, motivated and ROC, services and better performing health AUSAID performance workforce of Nawerewere 2. Strengthen and enhance MHMS WHO, Central capacity of administration and PSO UNICEF Hospital supporting staff

3. Provide more reliable health MHMS WHO, data and information MFED UNICEF PSO

11. Monitor and 1. Promote family planning MHMS WHO, SPC control NGOs UNFPA, population WHO, growth

2. Increase public awareness on ME UNICEF, the effects of a rising MHMS SPC population NGOs

3. Address population congestion MISA NZAID, and overcrowding MELAD ADB CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 29 ENVIRONMENT The Environment is considered as the surrounding ecosystems, such as land, coastal areas, fresh waters, lagoon waters, air, and all surrounding living trees and organisms. This section will therefore list potential strategies that could help maintain a healthy and sustainable environment and avoid excessive exploitation of natural resources. It also deals with health related activities, such as solid waste disposal, adoption of hygienic practices, etc. Strategies to mitigate global warming effects, in particular sea-level rise, are also included here. Issues Strategies Responsib Developmen le t partners ministry/b ody

1. Protection and 1. Encourage replanting of both MELAD UNDP, replenishment staple food crops and other ADB, ROC, of natural native plants GEF, FAO, resources SPREP

2. Continue and expand fisheries MFMRD FFA, SPC, projects on potential FAO, ROC marketable marine resources

3. Ensure and maintain protection and conservation of MFMRD FAO, CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 30 agricultural and marine MELAD SPREP, resources GEF

4. Develop and promote eco- tourism MELAD SPTO, MCTTD GEF, NEAq

2. Protection of 1. Ensure and maintain MELAD SPREP island bio- protection and conservation of diversity (i.e. threatened island bio- plants, diversity animals, and living systems) 2. Encourage and promote use of MELAD FAO, GEF, staple food crops, traditional herbal medicinal, cultural and other important native plants/ trees

3. Implementation and MELAD SPREP enforcement of the KPS, Environment Act and OAG regulations

4. Prevent the introduction of ADB, GEF dangerous foreign species MELAD

5. Establish and formalize the SPREP national Environment MELAD Advisory Committee (EAC)

6. Develop and promote eco- SPREP tourism MELAD

7. Strengthen the Wildlife Conservation Ordinance MELAD OAG,

8. Encourage and promote KPS community participation MELAD MISA

3. Minimize and 1. Address issue of solid waste MELAD SPREP, control waste and pollution Island NZAID and pollution Councils

2. Implementation and MELAD enforcement of the AG Environment Act and regulations

3. Increase public awareness on MELAD SPREP proper waste disposal and minimizing pollution CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 31

4. Encourage and increase MELAD SPREP, education on environmental ME UNDP issues

5. Revive and review national MELAD UNDP, plans for addressing OB SPREP environmental pollution through hazardous practices and disasters

6. Support and promote existing MELAD SPREP and potential environmental conscious and friendly projects and operations

4. Improve and 1. Consolidation and MPWU AUSAID, expand quality coordination of national water MELAD WB and supply of quality guidelines ground water

2. Enhance and maintain the MPWU AUSAID, water quality monitoring MELAD WB system

3. Increase public awareness on PUB UNICEF, the sustainable use of water MPWU AUSAID and the protection of water MELAD WB reserves

4. Implementation and MELAD SPREP, enforcement of water UNDP protection and conservation AUSAID measures PIF,

5. Enhance capacity of PUB MPWU water section

6. Address issue of need for OB AUSAID increased access to quality MELAD, UNICEF water MWPU

5. Monitor and 1. Encourage and enforce MELAD GEF, control coastal protection of shoreline MFMRD SPREP, PIF, erosion Japan WB, SOPAC

2. Explore and develop other MFMRD EU, SOPAC sources of mineral resources MELAD necessary for capital projects

3. Increase awareness and MELAD WB education on the impact of OB AUSAID climate change MFED SOPAC CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 32

6. Mitigate 1. Promote proper town planning MISA AUSAID, urbanization1 NZAID, (in particular ADB South Tarawa and on 2. Upgrade and maintain MPWU ADB, Kiritimati)) existing and potential water NZAID, and sanitation systems AUSAID,

3. Expand and maintain decent MPWU Japan, housing and road systems PSO ROC, ADB

4. Promote efficient waste MELAD NZAID, management MISA SPC SPREP

5. Ensure ready and continuous MPWU NZAID, supply of electricity Japan

6. Institute effective crime KPS NZAID, prevention strategies, MISA UNICEF involving community participation

7. Implement ‘outer island MFED, ADB, Japan growth centre’ project MLPID NZAID MISA, MELAD

7. Combating 1. Implementation and MELAD SPREP, and controlling enforcement of Environment KPS UNDP impacts of (Amendment) Act and OAG WB development regulations. projects

2. Increase awareness on MELAD SPREP, environmental issues ME, OAG UNDP, WB

3. Promote and increase public MELAD SPREP, awareness on the outcome and MPWU UNDP, WB impact of projects MISA, MFE 1 A project document entitled ‘Kiribati Urban Renewal Program Scoping Study’ done by NZAID explains the strategies regarding ‘urbanization’ in more detail. CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 33 GOVERNANCE Governance is used here to embrace ‘best practices’, for the effective, efficient and economic delivery and production of public goods and services. It also includes looking after the welfare of disadvantaged or vulnerable groups as well as promoting a peaceful and cohesive social and economic environment. Issues Strategies Responsible Development Ministry/body Partners

1. Improve 1. Strengthen capacity of KNAO UNDP, PIF auditing work KNAO

2. Encourage and enforce KNAO timely submission of public annual accounts

2. Updating and 1. Review, update and develop OB, UNDP, improving regulations/legislation and OAG legal strengthen enforcement framework mechanism at all levels and enforcement 2. Promote awareness, OAG, AUSAID, education and Judiciary ILO understanding of legislation KPFS and regulations

3. Enhance partnership in the KPS AUSAID, CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 34 management and OAG ILO enforcement of legislation Judiciary and regulations

3. Improve and 1. Increase and promote the MISA, UNICEF, expand importance of the MFED ILO attention to contribution of women to the problems socio-economic and/or development concerns of women 2. Increase public awareness MISA UNICEF, on gender-related issues KPS ILO

3. Increase support to services KPS AUSAID, addressing gender-related OAG ILO issues

4. Improve and 1. Provision of quality MISA, AUSAID, expand services to youth KPS, ME SPC attention to UNICEF the problems and/or issues 2. Support and encourage KPS UNICEF of youth programs and operations MISA SPC addressing youth problems and issues

3. Encourage and maintain ME UNICEF, youth programs as part of SPC formal education AUSAID,

4. Increase youth capacity and ME AUSAID, capability through MLHRD NZAID, ILO vocational programs

5. Encourage and promote MISA UNICEF, partnerships with the ILO, SPC community to address youth problems

5. Minimize and 1. Involve churches, KPS UNDP, control unimwane, and the Judiciary NZAID disorder and community in fostering and OAG, OB AUSAID, breaches of maintaining law and order, Canada, PIF law

2. Improve the capacity of KPS AUSAID KPS as well as update the OAG, OB, ROC laws necessary to allow PSO effective and efficient policing

3. Strengthen and enhance OAG, AUSAID, CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 35 capacities of the Office of OB NZAID, PIF the Attorney General and MFED the Judiciary to help maintain law and order

6. Improve 1. Improve and enhance the MISA UNDP, performance knowledge and skills of MFED Common- of Island island council staff and wealth Councils strengthen their institutions and systems MISA UNDP

2. Continue support required MFED EU, Canada by Island Councils

7. Improve 1. Provide and maintain MPWU EU, UNDP development alternative renewable MISA on outer energy on the outer islands islands

2. Develop appropriate water MPWU EU, PIF, supply and sanitation MISA ADB systems

3. Develop telecommunication MCTTD EU, UNDP services on the outer islands

4. Ensure reliable and efficient MCTTD PIF, ADB transport means to the outer islands

5. Provide proper and MLHRD PIF, SPC adequate training on MPWU, EU, UNDP relevant and necessary MISA skills

6. Improve and develop MISA ADB, existing and potential credit MFED PFTAC facilities to support business environment

7. Strengthen and develop MCIC PIF, UNDP, trade between outer islands MISA, ROC, SPC and Tarawa MFED

8. Improve transportation of MCIC PIF, UNDP local products from outer MFED, islands to markets MISA

9. Improve delivery of cargo MCIC to the outer islands MCTTD MISA, MFED

10. Review government MISA PIF, ADB CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 36 presence and development MFED assistance to the outer islands

11. Support and promote MFMRD SPC, FFA production and consumption of marine primary products

8. Improve 1. Strengthen the PAC Parliament, UNDP, PIF compliance to OB PAC recommendat 2. Improve delivery and Parliament ions awareness of PAC output

3. Improve awareness of PAC Parliament UNDP role and impact of output. MFED

9. Improve 1. Review the NCS, including PSO, PSC UNDP, ILO, employment its Procedures Manual, with OB, OAG PIF conditions a view to addressing the MLHRD issues concerned

2. Strengthen enforcement of MLHRD AUSAID the NCS Procedures PSO NZAID Manual

10. Promote and 1. Support and strengthen the MISA UNDP strengthen role of unimwane and other cultural traditional forms of values and governance in the traditions community

2. Support and strengthen MISA UNICEF, outer island community SPC activities

11. Enhance 1. Review and determine type MISA UNICEF, support to of support and assistance to KPS ILO, SPC disadvantage such groups MHMS d and vulnerable groups (e.g. 2. Provide support for capacity MISA SPC, ILO disabled, building opportunities for MCIC UNICEF elderly, such groups MHMS orphans, etc)

12. Improve 1. Review the NCS, including PSO status and its Procedures Manual, with OB, MFED conditions of a view to addressing the OAG public issues concerned employees

2. Encourage, support and MLHRD AUSAID CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 37 promote public sector OAG, PSO NZAID, reform ADB

3. Ensure provision of basic OB ROC, UK needs of employees PSO

4. Strengthen the roles of both OB AUSAID PSO and PSC PSO, PSC NZAID ADB

13. Strengthen 1. Strengthen institutional PSO AUSAID public sector capacity of the civil service PSC, NZAID service and public enterprises MLHRD ADB delivery MCIC, MFED

2. Encourage, support and PSO AUSAID promote public sector PSC, NZAID reform programs MLHRD ADB MCIC, MFED

14. Improve and 1. Strengthen and enhance the MFED SPC, UNDP expand data capacity of statistical units UNICEF, or statistics in all Government agencies, ADB for effective and in the island councils planning and policy 2. Promote and strengthen use MFED SPC, UNDP formulation of statistics for management UNICEF and planning purposes

15. Improve 1. Review and strengthen OB ADB coordination MLPID for provision of MLPID AUSAID of greater planning, MFED NZAID government management and activities on coordination role of Kiritimati Government services for Line and Phoenix groups CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 38 INFRASTRUCTURE Good social and economic infrastructure is important to support economic development. Its development and maintenance is therefore crucial for achieving sustained growth. Issues Strategies Responsible Development ministry/body Partners

1. Addressing 1. Increase financial support MFED EU, status of for building maintenance AUSAID Government buildings 2. Improve capacity of MPWU EU MPWU in delivering MISA quality and timely maintenance MPWU AUSAID

3. Improve capacity of island MISA EU councils in delivering quality and timely maintenance MPWU PIF, MCIC AUSAID

4. Encourage and enhance private sector and community participation in maintaining national infrastructure OB ROC PSO UK

5. Improve capacity of KHC to maintain its housing MPWU stock OB

6. Raise awareness of the Building Code and ensure compliance CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 39

2. Improve 1. Improve capacity of MPWU Japan, standards of MPWU in road AUSAID roads maintenance ROC

2. Improve capacity of island MPWU PIF, UNDP councils in road MISA Japan, ROC maintenance

3. Improve 1. Expand and upgrade MCTTD Japan airports and airports and terminals MPWU ROC, ADB terminals

2. Improve capacity of MCTTD MPWU to maintain MPWU airports and terminals

4. Improve and 1. Improve capacity of MCTTD Japan, ROC expand MCTTD to develop and MPWU shipping or facilitate efficient and navigation effective sea transportation facilities

2. Encourage and support MISA UNDP Island Councils to look after and maintain sea ports and navigation facilities

5. Improve and 1. Improve capacity of AKL MCTTD AUSAID, expand for more effective and MFED PIF, Japan, communicatio efficient linkages with ROC n to outer outer islands islands

2. Continue extending MCTTD EU, ADB telephone services to outer islands

3. Improve capacity of KSSL MCTTD PIF , ADB for more effective and MLPID efficient transportation to and linkages with outer islands

4. Encourage and seek MCTTD PIF alternative cargo routes for MLPID islands outside main routes for cargo delivery

5. Encourage private sector MCIC PIF, EU participation in improving MCTTD ADB means of communication MFED and transportation between islands CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 40 CHAPTER 4: Development Strategies 2008 - 2011 41 CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation While the focus of the plan is to lay down strategies to address the problems and issues presently facing Kiribati, in order to develop and improve the socio-economy status of the country; it is important that monitoring and evaluation of activities is undertaken regularly so that efforts and resources put into the planning are not wasted. This section will describe a system that will be used to monitor and evaluate the status and progress of development in each key policy area. For overall monitoring, the National Economic Planning Office (NEPO) will be the ideal office to receive progress reports from ministries, statutory bodies and public enterprises. However it is the duty of the particular ministry or PE to undertake the timely and accurate monitoring and reporting of the programmes and projects under their direction and to submit these to NEPO twice a year, in August, and in February. The report in August is to cover the progress within the six months from January to June, and the second submission in February is to cover the June to December progress. The reports will be compiled by NEPO for analysis. A task force comprising representatives from each Ministry and chaired by NEPO will analyse the reports and make comments and recommendations for submission to Cabinet through the Minister of Finance and Economic Development. The reporting template will be the current MOP reporting template, as the activities in the plan will be very much interrelated with ongoing activities of the ministries, who are currently using MOP reporting template. The MOP template is fairly simple but informative. It consists of activities; outputs; progress so far; responsible officer; and funding source. For PEs, the term BOP will be used instead of MOP, but the column headings will be the same. The reporting templates for Ministry Operational Plans and Business Operational Plans are presented in the appendix. Indicators With the key policy areas already identified for 2008 – 2011, and with the reporting procedure explained above, the next step is to identify indicators that can be used, not only by government but also by international agencies, to measure and monitor the development progress in the country. These indicators should be measurable and can be reported on regularly, and be relevant to the government and to international agencies. The task force responsible for analyzing the reports from individual Ministries will also be responsible for collecting and collating the indicators as a basis to analyse the progress and performance of the line Ministries. This will also form part of the report submitted to Cabinet and will be accessible to international agencies in line with the MDG , the Mauritius Strategies, and the Pacific Plan requirements. CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation 42 KEY POLICY AREAS and INDICATORS The indicators for each Key Policy Area were derived following consultation with the various Ministries and agencies given that they will be foremost in analyzing and ensuring that they are meeting the intended target per Key Policy Area and corresponding strategy. Human Resource Development: Issue Indicators

1. Raising education standards and quality 1. Net enrolment ratio in primary and secondary education (MDG)

2. Gross enrolment rate

3. Proportion of government budget to primary and secondary schools

4. Ratio of teachers to students

5. Number of qualified teachers in primary and secondary education

6. Literacy rate of 15-24 years old (MDG)

7. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education

2. Increase retention of school students to 8. Proportion of pupils starting Class 1 continue on to higher classes or forms who reach Class 6 (MDG) Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Issues Indicators

1. Increasing and expanding economic 1. GDP growth rate growth

2. Proportion of population below $1 a day (MDG)

3. Rate of government deficit per annum

2. Increase employment rate and 4. Unemployment rate employment opportunities

5. Youth unemployment rate (MDG)

3. Increase and expand investment in 6. Number of foreign investors productive sectors

7. Proportion of private sector contribution to GDP per annum CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation 43

4. Lowering the trade deficit 8. Proportion of exports to imports per annum (MDG)

5. Improving Government fiscal position 9. Gap between expenditure and revenue

10. RERF drawdown as % of GDP HEALTH Issues Indicators

1. Minimize child mortality rate 1. Under five mortality rate (MDG)

2. Infant mortality rate (MGD)

3. Proportion of 1 year old children immunized (MDG)

2. Minimize maternal mortality rate 4. Maternal mortality ratio (per 1,000 live births) (MDG)

5. Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (MDG)

3. Minimize and eliminate incidence of TB 6. Prevalence and death rates associated cases with tuberculosis (MDG)

7. Proportion of population with tuberculosis

8. Proportion of TB cases detected and cured under DOTS (MDG)

4. Minimize and control incidence of non- 9. Proportion of population with non communicable diseases (NCD) communicable disease

10. Prevalence and death rate associated with NCDs

5. Minimize and control incidence of 11. Proportion of population with HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS

12. Proportion of young people with HIV/AIDS

13. Death rate associated with HIV/AIDS

14. Increase rate of condom use

6. Minimize and control sexually 15. Contraceptive prevalence rate transmitted diseases

16. Coverage of awareness and trainings on sexually transmitted diseases CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation 44

7. Minimize and control hepatitis cases 17. Proportion of population associated with hepatitis and by gender

18. Death rate associated with hepatitis cases

19. Proportion of population immunized against hepatitis

8. Ensuring adequate stock of medical 20. Proportion of medical supplies supplies against total population

21. Proportion of annual Government budget for drugs order

9. Improving status of medical clinics on 22. Proportion of annual Government the outer islands budget for maintenance for medical clinics.

23. Number of clinics’ maintained per annum

10. Improving delivery of services and 24. Total fertility rate performance of Nawerewere Central Hospital 25. Age-specific fertility rate (15-19)

26. Proportion of population having adequate knowledge of more than three modern contraceptive methods (CPAP)

27. Proportion of the health budget allocated to contraceptives and family planning awareness/training (CPAP)

28. Number of new or revised national policies on family planning (CPAP)

29. Life expectancy

11. Monitor and control population growth 30. Population growth rate CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation 45 ENVIRONMENT Issues Indicators

1. Protection and replenishment of natural 1. Land area protected to maintain resources biological diversity

2. Improve and expand quality and supply 2. Proportion of population with of ground water sustainable access to an improved water source (piped to household or standpipe)

3. Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation (flush or water-seal latrines)

3. Monitor and control coastal erosion 4. Number of seawalls constructed GOVERNANCE Issues Indicators

1. Improve auditing work 1. Timeliness and number of accounts audited

2. Number of staff trained

2. Updating and improving legal 3. Number of new or revised legal frameworks and enforcement framework (CPAP)

3. Improve and expand attention to 4. Incidence of domestic violence by women problems/concerns gender

5. Incidence of sexual violence against women

6. Proportion of government budget by gender

7. Status of legislation against gender

8. Number of sector plans and policies that incorporate and address gender equality

4. Improve and expand attention to youth 9. Rate of juvenile cases: drinking, stealing, problems/issues rape, etc

10. Proportion of government budget for youth programme

11. Number of sector plans and policies that incorporate and address youth problem CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation 46 INFRASTRUCTURE Issues Indicators

1. Addressing status of Government 1. Maintenance Annual Work Programme buildings 2. 3 month progress report on maintenance work carried out

3. Actual expenses against government budget

4. Number of site inspection carried out 5. 5. Proportion of government budget on maintenance

2. Improve standards of roads 6. Proportion of government budget on road maintenance

7. Develop mechanism to ensure and maintain good standard

3. Improve airports and terminals 8. Proportion of government budget for maintenance of airports and terminals 9. 2. Report on site inspections of 4 airports/terminals every six months

4. Improve and expand shipping or 10. Proportion of government budget for navigation facilities maintenance of shipping ports

11. Number of maintenance work carried out

12. Actual expenditure on upgrading of ports CHAPTER 5: Monitoring and Evaluation 47 Appendix A1 -- MOP (Ministry Operational Plan) Ministry:…………………………………. Period: ……………………………….. Programme (section):………………… Responsible officer:………………… Budget allocated: ……………………. Issue Strategies/Activities Targets Responsible Funding person source A2 -- BOP (Business Operational Plan) Public enterprise:…………………Period: ……………………………….. Mother ministry:………………… Chief Executive/General manager………………… Total budget approved: ……………………. Issue Strategies/Activities Targets Responsible Funding person source A3 -- MOP Progress Report Ministry:…………………………………. Period: ……………………………….. Programme (section):………………… Responsible officer:………………… Budget allocated: ……………………. Issue Strategies/Activities Progress and Responsible Funding status person source

Appendix 48 A4 -- BOP Progress Report Public enterprise:……………………………. Period: ……………………………….. Mother ministry:………………… Chief Executive/General manager………………… Total budget approved: ……………………. Issue Strategies/Activities Progress Responsible Funding person source

Appendix 49