Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I for Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability: Building the Foundation towards Realizing the Cambodia Vision 2050

Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I for Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability: Building the Foundation To\vards Realizing the Cambodia Vision 2050 rororo@ <:JJGQ<:JJ Phnom Penh, August 2023 Introduction Part I CONTENT J .1. Major Achicvcn1ents Over the Past 25 Years 5 1.2. Global Me}.!,atrcnds I 1 .. 1.3. Challenges 14 1.4. Opportunities 16 1.5. Looking Ahead to the Next 25 Y cars To\vards .. Realizing the Can1bodia Vision 2050 18 .. 1.6. Rationale for the Fonnulation of the Pentagonal Strategy 19 Part II 2. I. Structure 2 7 2.2 . The Core 27 2.3. Overarching Environn1ent 33 2.4 . The Five Strategic Pentagons 41 2.5. Six Priority Policy Progra1ns to be hnplc1nentcd fro1n 2023 77 Part III 3.1. hnple1ncntation Mechanis1ns 81 3.2. Coordination Mcchanisn1s 82 3.3 . Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisn1s 83 Conclusion 85 Diagram of The Pentagonal Strategy Uncfficial translation INTRODUCTION Over the last 25 years, since achieving full peace, national unity, and territorial integrity through the Win-Win Policy of Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, the Royal Govem1nent of Cambodia (RGC) successfully implemented the Triangular Strategy and the Rectangular Strategy in four distinct phases. These achievements have resulted in co1n1nendable progress in all sectors, including politics, society, and economy enabling Carnbodia to proudly renew its image. Once war-tom, and known as a killing field, an insecure area and a dreaded minefield, Carnbodia has emerged as a peaceful and independent sovereign state with rule of law and political stability, in accordance with the principles of liberal multi-party democracy under the blessings of the Most Revered His Majesty the King. Once politically and economically embargoed and isolated, Cainbodia is now fully integrated into regional and global structures and architectures, and has played an important role in 1naintaining regional and global order, as well as safeguarding the world peace. Millions of Cambodian people have been lifted out of poverty, enjoying decent livelihoods, being educated, enjoying better welfare, and life expectancy being significantly increased. Can1bodia's economic base has shifted fron1 one that relied ahnost entirely on traditional agriculture to one with a broad and robust economic base that is attractive to new and high value-added industries. Once plagued by chronic cash shortage crisis and relying almost entirely on international aids for survival, the country now enjoys full financial autono1ny and ownership in detennining its fate and future. The tangible and intangible Khn1ercultural heritage that was stolen, lost, or damaged during the war, is now being revived and restored as national and world heritage, and son1e of which have been returned fro1n overseas to the motherland after due verification and recognition of their origins. Recent major achieve1nents of the RGC, such as the successful management of "Pt!1dagmwl Stmt£'!-.,'I'- Pita"'' r: the Roynl Gmv:mmmt <!fihe Si'l't.'lllh l..l.gi.Jatwr <!I the \atimud h.'ii'mhly I Um?[ficial translation the COVID-19 pandemic; its success in assuming the ASEAN chairmanship for the third time in its history, and the physical hosting of the ASEAN Summits and Related Summits in the im1nediate aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis; as well as its success in hosting the 32°d Southeast Asian Games and the l 21h ASEAN Para Gaines, are also an1ong the undeniable proofs of Cambodia's proud progress. Overall, the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy have played a prominent role as Cambodia's socio­ economic development policy agenda. They have provided a con1111on framework for building a strong and independent state institution, whose governance systems are regularly n1odemized to inake them inore comprehensive, resilient, and efficient; and a fra1nework for the rapid socio-economic development, that is recognized by both the region and the world. These strategies have been especially instrumental in transforming Can1bodia into a lower iniddle-income country in a short period of time, with high economic growth and rapid poverty reduction, as well as successful regional and global integration. The commendable successes outlined above are the results of the RGC's resolute efforts to put national and public interests above all else and to implement regular reforms with the support fro1n development partners and stakeholders, as well as active participation of the people from all walks of life. These efforts and participation have also laid a solid foundation for Cambodia to firmly maintain peace and political stability, strengthen its ownership over the nation's destiny, and promote the prosperity of its people to these days. Cambodia's nation-building process is currently entering a new phase in an increasingly changing, difficult and uncertain world. Cambodia will face new challenges in its endeavors to transition to a high-incon1e country and regularly needs to adapt to changing global trends. These challenges require a strong focus on enhancing leadership and institutional capacity at all levels, as well as :! "Pe111agmuu .lii1utt1..'J" - l'h1ttte r: die Rtl)ul (ion.'1Tm1etrl oftlu• St'l'f.'trJ/1 LJ..')...j .Jatun• of r/1t• .\U/it,,uu A\"'\i.'111hly Unc~fficial translation ensuring sound policies, practical implementation capacity, results, and accountability. In this context, priority work directions include: strengthening governance, efficiency, and institutional capacity; supporting growth and economic 1nodernization; creating jobs, both quality and quantity; promoting the private sector and entrepreneurship; building human capital with a particular focus on the quality of education, health services, and social ethics; promoting social protection and people's welfare, especially for at-risk families and vulnerable groups; strengthening the quality of urbanization, in particular narrowing the urban-ntral gaps; strengthening environmental sustainability and climate change response; and driving digital transformation, both socially and economically. Against this background, consideration on the next phases of socio-economic development agenda shall focus on achieving the Cambodia Vision 2050, building on the experiences and achieve1nents of the past 25 years and the assess111ents of the next 25 years, by formulating implementation strategies for the next five phases. In the past, the Triangular Strategy and the Four­ Phasc Rectangular Strategy can be considered as a cycle of nation-building that focused on restoring and rebuilding the country in the post-war period, maintaining peace and social order, integrating into regional and global structures and architectures, enhancing development and stability of socio-economic development, and improving people's livelihoods. The next 25 years will be a new cycle for Cambodia, and the country aspires to take its national pride to new heights as it did during the Angkor era, by building a nation that is strong, vital, glorious, and prosperous, and to become a high-income country by 2050. Within the framework of this outlook, and in accordance with the Political Platform of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly, the RGC launches the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase 1 for Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability by continuing to focus on ensuring performance efficiency through the implementation of the analogical approach related to good "Pmtagmull Slrateg.r Plw.'it! r: the Royal Gtn'(71utU'l1t oftl1e Sen!lltlt ui.ri<tlature of tlw Satimral .-h"'-1111h/y 3 Um~fficial translation governance, natnely "self-reflection, showering, scrubbing, treatment, and surgery,'' as well as the itnplementation of the Dynamics of Stakeholder System. In addition, the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase l adopts five key priorities, na1nely People, Road, Water, Electricity, and Technology. Here, technology refers especially to digital technology to address the 4th Industrial Revolution and accelerate the digital transforn1ation of Ca1nbodia's econon1y and society, as well as to 1neet the needs for enhancing economic productivity. These are important foundation and n1eans for achieving the Can1bodia Vision 2050. This strategy's primary objectives are to 1naintain the mon1entun1 of peace, econon1ic growth, and development, while establishing the foundation to accelerate development of the country through building resilience in five priority sectors: public sector, econo1nic sector, financial sector, hun1an and social capital sector, and environmental sector and response to clin1ate change. Overall, the Political Platform of the Royal Governn1ent of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly and the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I will jointly provide a comprehensive policy fran1ework for formulating the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2024-2028, Sectoral Development Plans, and other related plans, with clear key performance indicators (KPls) and ti1nefran1es. The Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I has additional role as an implementation-guiding docu1nent to give directions to all relevant stakeholders, in line with the approach of "Dynamics of Stakeholders System." It will also include the 1nechanis1ns for expediting itnplementation and for monitoring and evaluation. In this context, the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I is the socio­ econo1nic policy agenda of the Political Platforn1 of the Royal Government of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly, under the urnbrella of the Constitution of the Kingdom ofCa1nbodia and the blessings of the Most Revered His Majesty the King of Cambodia . ./ "l'l'lrli{f.'tllUll Stmll'J...'l' - l'htL\i.' r: the Rt~UU <im'<'IWlll'llf t>/ the St.'ll'nl" l..i"Ki..Juturr.· of rile ' \11tim1t1l fW.'/flhlJ. UnoJficial 1ranslatio11 PART I 1.1. .l\1aior Achievements Over the Past 25 Years Ca1nbodia has achieved significant progress and transfonnation in all areas. including politics, security, social order, and socio­ economic development, despite being confronted with changing · political landscape and new challenges related to severe public health crisis and acute global geo-political conflicts, along with global economic uncertainty, threats to national sovereignty and territorial integrity, recurring natural disasters, and the necessity for responding to the needs of people fron1 all walks of life. Through the implementation of the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy over the past 25 years. the RGC has 1nade the following major achievements: Political and 1plo1na 1c snects Through the Win-Win Policy. Cambodia has achieved and n1aintained the sustained full peace since the end of 1998, and firmly safeguarded sovereignty, social order, security, social safety, and political stability, by firmly adhering to the principles of rule of law and liberal multi-party democracy; strengthening internal unity; successfully thwarting various plots to overthrow its legiti1nate govem1nent; safeguarding the nation fro1n descending into chaos; responding to external crises; and maintaining macroeconomic stability. All these achieven1ents are indispensable prerequisites and a strong foundation for the nation's economic and social development. In the international and diplomatic arenas, Ca1nbodia has built close relations and enhanced cooperation with 111any countries around the world. It has also played an increasingly active and significant role in the regional and global atTairs on the basis of equal footing and equal rights and has earned trust and support to lead various tnultilateral mechanis1ns in promoting the agenda for peace, security, and sustainable development within the region and the world. Ca1nbodia's prestige has been enhanced through its major "Pmtugmull StrUICJ,.'l' - P/uL'>l! r: tlzl' Royrll Gm 't.'111/lll!lll oj tlzt• St..'l·c111/z IA.gi..Jtllltn• ojilu• \atiwml A \V.'mhly 5 Unofficial translation leadership roles and contributions, including the assumption of Cambodia's ASEAN chairmanship for the third time in its history, and successfully leading the ASEAN Sum1nit and Related Summits; taking the roles as the Chair of the Global Coordination Bureau of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), the Vice-President of the United Nations General Assembly, and the Member of the United Nations Economic and Social Council; as well as its contribution of 8,671 peacekeepers to peacekeeping missions in various countries. Econornic and Financial Aspects Ca1nbodia has achieved a high and sustainable economic growth at an average annual growth rate of more than 7°/o over the past two decades, thus enabling the country to attain the status of a lower middle-incon1e country, as well as to improve the living standards of the population, as reflected by a tenfold increase in GDP from about USD 3.11 billion in 1998 to about USO 29.60 billion in 2022. Likewise, GDP per capita rose sevenfold fro1n about USO 253 in 1998 to around USO I, 784 in 2022; poverty rate had declined to less than l Oo/o before the COVID-19 crisis with a narrowing social inequality; the economic structure has shifted from an economy that relied primarily on traditional agriculture to a inodem economy based on s1nart agriculture, industry, and service. Can1bodia is also increasingly connected to the regional and global value and supply chains, with the emergence of new high value-added industries, and the further strengthening and expansion of industrial base diversification and international trade, especially the remarkable progress in garment and touris1n sectors, and the increase of international trade volumes. In addition, Cambodia's ability to maintain macroeconomic stability, its effective implementation of fiscal and monetary policies, its sustainable 1nanagement of national budget and financial inclusion, as well as its substantial development cooperation financing mobilization, and its building of inclusive partnerships have significantly contributed to the promotion of economic growth and the efficient resource allocation and utilization of resources. () "l'enlagmwl Strait~' - P/llJ.'tl! r: du.• RtJ)W Gm'f."17UIU!lil of du• Sellf!lid1 legislature oj till:' . \'ulimull. -i.\""'-'111hl)' Unofficial trans/a1ion Through Public Financial Management (PFM) Reform, independent national budget has been steadily enhanced, especially in terms of efficiency in revenue collections, expenditure execution, manage1nent of state assets, and public debt sustainability. Specifically, total do1nestic revenue collections increased from approximately USO 247 million or 8°/o of GDP in 1998 to around USD 6.8 billion or 23% of GDP in 2022. At the sa1ne time, total expenditure expanded from approximately USO 409 million or l 3o/o of GDP in 1998 to USO 7.9 billion or 27% of GDP in 2022, allowing the RGC to implement its political programs effectively and efficiently. The Law on the Control, Use and Management of State Assets was approved and promulgated in 2020, with additional revisions and improved management of state asset registration. At the saine time, external public debt was well 1nanaged to a low level of about 24.9% of GDP in 2022, which was assessed as being sustainable and low risk. In addition, the financial sectors, both banking and non-banking, have developed remarkably. The banking sector, which was once considered somewhat unreliable by the public, has become a robust and stable banking system as reflected in its strong capital, adequate liquidity, and healthy credit growth. As of 2022, total assets, loans, and deposits increased to 274°/o, 193%, and 150% respectively, with international reserves increasingly accumulated to USO 18 billion; currency in circulation in the market and deposits in Khmer Riels increased by 55 times; the use of payment syste1ns has rapidly grown, with retail electronic payments amounting to 10 times the size of GDP. Foreign direct investment inflows also significantly increased by around 15 times over 2007-2022. Besides, the non-banking financial sector has well developed in recent years and is poised to continue to expand, as reflected in the increase of participants in the financial markets, the number and types of products, investment capital flows, integration, and reforms of institutional mechanisms, governance, manage1nent, and supervision over the non-banking financial sector through the "Pt7rlllf:!J1UdStrateg,r-Pha.l\C I". the Royal Gmv.•1w1u.7rJ oftlu.·.~>:i't.71111 l.A.igi'iftlhm of the 1\utiima/ h'ilwibl) Un<?(ficial translation establishment of the Non-Banking Financial Services Authority (NBFA). As of mid-2023, 11 co1npanies issued IPOs, and 9 companies issued bonds that mobilized USO 328.38 million, with the market capitalization of approximately I 0.3 7o/o of GDP, while the trading value for the first quarter of 2023 was USO 310.8 million. In the same period, there were a total of 39 insurance companies, of which 18 were general insurance, 14 were life insurance, and 7 were nlicro insurances. The insurance market also grew rapidly in size, reaching USO 332 million in premiums, with an average annual growth rate of28%. Additionally, Cambodia established a fully operational trust market that saw the number of registered trusts increased to 557 cases, an1ounting to USO 1.13 billion. Institutional and Go\ crnance Aspects Ca1nbodia has made outstanding progress in institutional and governance refonns. In fact, the public administration sector­ especially the structure of ministries-institutions, human resources, salaries, and pensions-has been steadily improved, contributing to better institutional efficiency and public services. The PFM system has been strengthened through increased budget credibility, enhanced financial accountability, budget-policy linkages, and strengthened performance accountability, which contributes to the improved public service's efficiency and a better-managed macroeconomic stability. Moreover, the ad1ninistrative and resource management syste1n of the sub­ national ad1ninistration has been improved, especially in the aspects of hu1nan resource 1nanage111ent and development, and the transfers of budget functions and accountabilities to the sub­ national administration. Additionally, the legal framework and the judicial system have gone through an in-depth reform, most notably through the establishment and operations of the Regional Court of Appeal, the capacity building of law enforce1nent officials and institutions in the judicial sector, effective inspection mechanisms, enhanced 8 "l't!llll~l.,'t.llllli Si1TdL1:)' - l'luL'OL' r: 1/11.• Rt~llll (im'r!l11111t'lll tflht' .fW.'ll'lll" '-''}.:iVtdlllt! t~/tlu.· \11ti111wl ·l.\wmhly Unofficial tra11slatio11 legal service mechanisms, addressing backlogs of criminal cases at Municipal and Provincial Courts of First Instance, and the promotion of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Cambodia's armed forces have also been reformed, particularly through professional capacity building and niodernization. Anti­ corruption efforts have also been enhanced through the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU), and the implementation of various measures to educate, prevent, contain, and suppress corruption. Meanwhile, private sector and corporate governance have also been improved by establishing regulatory and corporate governance frameworks. I nfrastructurc and Connectivit~· Aspects Cambodia's infrastructure and connectivity have been notably improved and modernized. Its national and provincial roads with bituminous asphalt and concrete pave1nents reached a total length of 11,042 kilometers. Cambodia built a 187.5 kilometers-long Phnon1 Penh-Sihanoukville Expressway, 2,530 s1nall and large bridges with a total length of 86.2 kilometers, and l, 750 kilo1neters inland waterways along the Mekong River, Tonie Sap River and Bassac River. Concurrently, the RGC has also expanded and modernized other crucial infrastructures such as airports, deep seaports, waterways, and logistics systems. Regarding the energy sector, Can1bodia's electricity coverage was recorded at 90o/o of the total by 2022. Its infonnation technology's infrastructure has also been significantly developed through a growing linkage between te1Testrial and undersea optical cable networks, a significant surge in 1nobile and internet service usages, and the launching of Cainbodia Data Exchange (CamDX) platform, the Documents Verification Platform, and the system and applications for PFM. Social and Cultural Aspects In terms of social and cultural aspects, Cambodia has made a 1nomentous progress. Education and vocational training sectors Unofficial tra11slativ11 have seen regular reforms and produced many achievements, in terms of both quantity and quality, as evidenced by the receipt of the World Literacy Awards 2023, as well as other various awards by Can1bodian students in international competitions. Cambodia's public health and nutrition have been improved and strengthened, providing Cambodia with the ability to weather public health crises, such as its admirable success in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; its huge reductions in maternal, infant, and child mortality rates, morbidity and mortality rates from diseases, and stunting rate in children under 5; the increase in life expectancy to 75.5 years old in 2019; and the eli1nination of various major diseases. Additionally, Cainbodia's Social Protection System (SPS) has been enhanced and expanded to maintain the people's well-being, especially in ti1nes of emergencies and crises such as the COVID 19 pandemic, through the implementation of the National Social Protection Policy Framework, the development of SPS, the establishment of Social Security Regulator as well as the National Social Assistance Fund, and the promotion of good governance in SPS. Regarding gender, the role of Cambodian wo1nen has been promoted through institutionalization and mainstreaming of gender which has led Cambodia to be ranked as one of the top countries that give great freedon1 to women. In the cultural aspect, the cultural heritage that has been lost and/or is facing a threat of disappearance has been restored and promoted, contributing to the enhancement of Cambodia's national prestige, and the promotion of cultural tourism and development of national arts and culture. In particular, 11 national cultural heritages have been inscribed on the World Heritage List, the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, and the Memory of the World; a total of 195 heritage sites have been rehabilitated; a total of 634 artifacts were returned to Cambodia from various countries; 6, 105 artifacts restored and preserved; and 11 ,804 returned artifacts were registered as state properties. Meanwhile, Cambodia has also seen its cultural and creative industry constantly promoted. I() "Pmtugmuli SIT'Ull'K) • - PI UL\l' I': tl re Royal (it 11 v!nutu.'11/ 'ifilie . ~"l'f!lrth l.A.'1.,'1.,./al1m' 'ftht• \ 'utio11a/ A.\"i;l'tllbly Uno Oicial trans/a1io11 1.2. Global Megatrends A. Political Trends Global geopolitics is in a fragile and increasingly tensed situation. Rivalries between superpowers, and the division and struggle between the trends of multipolar-globalization and unipolar­ protectionism have made future global order more complex and difficult to assess. Furthermore, such a trend could lead to a shift towards de-globalization, with regionalization becoming a new trend. This development will impact on the economic, trade, security, and diplomatic relations, thus leaving developing countries with sn1all open and export-oriented economies being most affected. The international architectures, especially the United Nations, are also facing a loss of confidence from member states in addressing the challenges of maintaining peace, security, and stability in the region and the world. Furthermore, superpower rivalries have undermined the international order and the existing multilateral mechanisms for addressing global challenges. They also translated into pressure on any attempt to pursue a foreign policy based on the principle of permanent neutrality and non-alignment. In tandem, developing countries also face challenges in implementing their economic, financial , trade and technology policies due to the increasing use of unilateral and extraterritorial coercive measures, as well as economic sanctions, which have interfered in the internal affairs of sovereign states, under the guise and pretext of democratic values and human rights. In this context, developing countries face difficulties in sustainably developing their economies and societies. On one hand, they must pursue their core interests and, on the other, they must pursue a foreign policy that might be contrary to their own will and interests so that they can respond to geopolitical reality. Recently, many countries have protested against these pressures by mobilizing the solidarity of the countries in the Global South. "PmJagmud Strcllt.W'- Plut'ii.' I", the Rt~rrd Gm'('T1111U!lll oftlte St.."'l't.'lith Lt.>gi.Junw oftlti' i\'atimml A'""-""hly 11 U11ojficiul tra11slatio11 Looking ahead, the continued pursuit of an independent and rule­ based foreign policy, the building of good friendship and cooperation with all countries in the world, as well as international organizations, and the active participation in the regional and global cause of peace, stability, security and prosperity, utilizing soft and dynamic diplomacy with finn adherence to the principle of "international cooperation that provides mutual benefits, and based on the rule of law" and the principle of "multilateralism and the promotion of openness of international trade" shall be the priority and necessary mechanisms for Cambodia to find the win-win solutions and to protect Ca1nbodia' s interest as much as possible in the evolving global political and socio-econon1ic developments. B. Ceo-Econon1ic Trends The global econo1nic architecture has been rapidly changing, as the ccnter of global growth is shifting towards Asia. Meanwhile, e1nerging economies, particularly the BRICS, are leading major contributions to the global growth, while the Western-dominated economies, especially the G7, arc likely to continue to decelerate. Ln addition, trends in protectionism and geo-economic fraginentation could accelerate the flux of de-globalization and promote regionalization trends, that will exert an i1npact on the flows of goods, services, investment and tabor, technology transfers, and international cooperation. In particular, regional and global supply and production chains are undergoing restructuring as production bases are increasingly relocated back to home countries, or to allied countries in special regard to geopolitical factors, especially in the context of strategic goods. At the same time, the international payn1ent system also faces the risk of decoupling into different regional cooperation, which n1ay negatively impact the efficiency of payments, while the establishn1ent of new international financial institutions will play a crucial role in mobilizing resources for development. 1 ~ "Petrltlf.,'OlltU Sllllf(.'J,~r- l'luN1 r: '"'' Rf~llU (1tll'l'17'11U'll/ of(/i,• ."K.•n-111/t L1:gi'i/1111m• 1!f tlu• . \mimtal. f.\W11thly V11<?{/icial tra11sla1io11 In this context and with reference to the consequences of the above trends, Cainbodia n1ust reconsider its new approaches and strategies for development, especially adapt itself to the new econotnic and financial architectures in the future, which is increasingly cotnplex and harder to predict. C. Technolog) and Digital Trends (Digital Transforn1ation) In line with the 1non1entun1 of the regional and global digital transformation, the acceleration of digitalization and the development of inforn1ation technologies, telecon1munications, and auto1nation will de1nonstrate increasingly significant roles of digital technologies in economic activities, businesses, and governance. Over the past two decades, digital technologies have becon1e an integral part of socio-economic activities, as well as a source of opportunities to bring about new start-up models with innovation, the enhance1nent of efficiency and productivity, and the in1provements of competitive environn1ent. Recently, especially in context of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital technologies have doubly accelerated the promotion and facilitation of econotnic and business activities, and the public, through the introduction of new products and services, and the ability to 1naintain work's and learning's continuity, as well as the seizing of new opportunities. Additionally, financial technology (FinTech) is playing tnore in1portant role in facilitating economic activities by improving cross-border trade. strengthening the efficiency of business operations, enhancing don1estic business environment, and gaining an inclusive and sustainable access to fon11al financial services. Overall, rapid adoption of digital technologies among economic agents, especially business1nen and consutners, has en1erged simultaneously as a strong trend in both global, regional, and national levels, although the progresses are uneven across geographical areas. As a future trend, countries will promote digitalization and digital transfonnation to advance their other key sectors, through "/ 1t'J I ma/ trrdl~\"-PIUN' r: tlU' R 11 ,, I l'l1111U'lll ofilu• St'l'l.'lllh I. r !Tiii (''!/flt• ' ;, J • 11/Jly J 3 Unoj)icial translation prioritizing the building of digital governments, economies, and societies, that will in tum increase productivity and build a resilient socio-economic development. D. Environn1ental and Clirnate Change Trends Tackling environmental issues and climate change has beco1ne major global trends. The sustainability of global environment has been threatened with pollution, erosion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity, and climate change, that result in various negative consequences for socio-economic development, such as migration, water, food and energy security, agriculture, industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure, social protection system, and public health. In this regard, the world now and in the future needs to enhance collaboration on n1easures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change, including the prevention and cracking down on illegal logging, and the promotion of trees planting; promoting energy transition from fossil fuels towards clean energy; implementing energy efficiency programs; investing in green infrastructure development; promoting green financing; promoting circular economy; producing environmental sustainable products; using digital technologies in managing and monitoring the consumption and production; encouraging green transportation systems, and making adaptation to key sectors and so on. 1.3. Challenges The changes in global economic, social, environmental, and political structures and architectures caused by geopolitical competitions, trade wars, protectionism and national ism, as well as cli1nate change and demography, have led Cambodia to face the following challenges: 1. The current economic growth model relies heavily on labor-intensive industry and a narrow growth base, that 1nakes Cambodia vulnerable to external shocks and the 1niddle-income country trap. New challenges are emerging due to the uncertainty of global economy, changes in global economic and financial I .J "Pmtag01ral Strutl!1{l· - Pha.-.e r: the Rt~rul Gm'£'mnU!lll tifdu• .x•n.>trdr /.RgivatJ1re <?fih1.• .'\'atimraJ ,-hwmhly l:'no(/icia/ translation architecture, geopolitical competition, protectionisn1, rising energy prices, rising inflationary pressures, decreased labor productivity. and other economic and social issues. 2. The quality of hu1nan resources is still limited to build an econo1ny that is based on skills, technology, and innovation. This requires the continued improvements of human resource developn1ent, focusing on the refom1s of education sector and building of human capital with quality to ensure economic resiliency, economic and social development, technology adoption, teclmology adaptation, and innovation to maximize the benefits of new and innovative technologies. especially in the digital economy context. 3. Public institutions, despite gradual improve1nents, have not yet been highly effective. institutional quality and capacity are essential for improving the efficiency of policy formulation and i111plen1entation, improving invest1nent and business environment, reducing costs and tin1e, and enhancing the efficiency of inter­ sectoral works needed to build strong institutions for national dcvclop1nent in all sectors. 4. Infrastructure is still not adequate to support develop1ncnt needs. Key infrastructures such as urban infrastructure, transport infrastructure, logistics, energy, and irrigation systems, continue to face challenges that 1nust be addressed quick1y and efficiently, to support the inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development. 5. Healthcare services remain expensive, and its quality is limited. Despite significant improve111ents, the healthcare system still faces challenges that must be addressed proactively, urgently, and consistently, to i1nprove better quality and to reduce dependence on i1nports or the use of these services abroad. With the expectation of an increasingly aging population, the demands for better quality healthcare services are anticipated to grow, requiring careful consideration on improving and further developing all "Pentagmwl Strutl'g) · - Pliase r: the Ro)u/ Govenu11e111 of du• Setr111l1 legi<Jatun! of die J'Uliimal h"-1nhlJ • 15 Un<?fficial 1ra11slatio11 aspects of healthcare, including health infrastructure, governance, human resources, and ethical professionalism. 6. Domestic savings ren1ain low, affecting investment and long-term econo1nic growth. Despite significant develop1nent of savings, Ca1nbodia' s financial sector continues to face other challenges, such as low supply and den1and for financing, high degree of dollarization that undem1ines the effectiveness of the 1nonetary policy, high-interest rates, low financial and digital literacy, too concentrated financial products, li1nited trust in banking sector, and high household debt. Meanwhile, the developn1ent of the non-banking financial sector still needs to be strengthened in 1nany aspects. 7. Natural resource and environn1ental 1nanage1nent have been significantly improved through the introduction of national policies for n1anagen1ent and reforn1s in these areas. However, challenges re1nain due to increasing de1nand for development, clitnate change, and the imposition of new requiren1ents for Catnbodian products. In this sense, all national development policies require careful consideration, especially on the sustainability and efficiency of resource utilization and strengthening resiliency to clin1ate change. 1.4. Opportuniti~s The current global and do1nestic contexts provide Ca111bodia with the following in1portant opportunities: 1. ln the context of geopolitical, economic, and multipolar con1petition, the continued strengthening of peaceful coexistence through building and expanding good relations with key partners, along with the pursuit of s111art diplon1acy, wil I open up better opportunities for international trade, investment, econo1nic diversification, technology transfers, and stronger linkages of Ca111bodia to the global supply and value chains, thus 1naxi111izing benefits for the nation and people. If> "Pmtagmwl Stndl~· - PIUL'W.' l': tlu· Rt~l•tl Gm'l.'11111u'l1t 1~/ the .'W.'1t'11/lt U.-.,.,iv1d1t1l' o/rlw Yatim11t1.t ....... n11hly Unofficial tra11slatio11 2. Given Carnbodia's geographical advantage, the shifting center of economic growth towards Asia presents a golden opportunity for Cambodia to develop, industrialize, diversify its econon1y, increase production of goods and services, enhance the linkages of Can1bodia 's econotny into the regional and global econon1y in a dynan1ic and potential n1anner, and accelerate econon1ic integration with countries in this highly dynan1ic region. 3. The peace dividend will provide advantages for econon1ic and social development. Indeed, n1aintaining and sustaining peace and political stability has been and will continue to create an indispensable and favorable enviromnent for accelerating socio­ econo1nic development, rnaintaining macroeconotnic stability, and promoting private investtnent and business, that are the backbones of econo1nic growth and job creation. 4. The continued development of financial systems, both banking and non-banking, has provided 1nore opportunities to n1eet the den1ands of financial services in the country, and respond to the needs of econon1ic and financial integration in the region. Digital transfonnation of the financial services will support the itnplementation of digital economy policies and increase economic efficiency and financial inclusion. 5. The capacity building of dotnestic supporting industries will create opportunities for the industries to increase their value­ added, efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness, by improving the efficiency of input supply for production processes, reducing costs of production, promoting technology transfers, and the sharing of information in regard to production factors and so on. 6. The advance1nent in technology and digitalization provides new opportunities to create new jobs and businesses, as well as to accelerate the development of Cambodia's digital econo1ny and society. This will contribute to establishing a new growth model that is based on skills, technology, and innovation. "Pmlt{~01utl StratL'k 1J•- l'l1tL\l' r: tlte Rtl) ril Gm v.n1111t•111 oj tile Sew111/t l.i'Ki'iltdun• 1!filu• \uri1111t1l A '"'mbly I ~ Unofficial translation 7. Cambodia's current demography provides opportunities to maximize its demographic dividend, to strengthen its demographic resilience, and to promote gender equality, digital economy and society development, technology transfers, labor productivity, and economic competitiveness that in tum enhance inclusive, resilient, and sustainable socio-economic development. 1.5. Looking .Ahead to the Next 25 Y cars Towards Realizing the Cambodia Vision 2050 In the next 25 years, the Pentagonal Strategy shall be i1nplemented in an intertwined, proactive, and clear n1anner, with the aim of making Cambodia a civilized country that possesses the following principal characteristics: I. Can1bodia is "a vibrant society" that sustains everlasting peace, political stability and strong public order, as well as accords respect for the rule of law, social justice, rights and hun1an dignity; is a strong sovereign state that enjoys full independence, territorial integrity, strong ownership, clear national identity, has high prestige, equal footing and equal rights on the international stage; and is a democratic state with good governance, and strong, transparent, and accountable institutions, which effectively serves the nation and people, in accordance with the approach of the dynamics of stakeholder system. 2. Cambodia is "a high-income and resilient economy" that is efficient, competitive, open, inclusive, and sustainable, wherein the state plays a role as a strategist, and a leader and 111anager of development; a defender of private ownership and properties; and an advocate of the private sector. In directing and managing development, the state firmly pursues an outward­ looking open econon1y by strengthening and expanding bilateral and multilateral free trade frameworks, maintaining macroeconomic stability, promoting econo1nic diversification, promoting digital economy and society, and strengthening resilience to the financial sector. 18 "Pmtagmwl Strot£XJ · - Pl"1'te r: the Ro)ol Gwemmenl of 'du! 5'.'1'-71/h 1-L•gi.Jatun• of the , \'ati01ra/. · t w.nrhly Unofficial translation 3. Cambodian people "are highly knowledgeable and have at least one skill in life" with perseverance, entrepreneurial spirit, innovation and high morality, while the state guarantees basic education for all up to grade nine; provides skills and technology trainings that 1neet the de1nand of the job market and businesses; strengthens vocational trainings and reskilling progra1ns to respond to labor market; strengthens the quality of higher education to 111ake it a national center of intellectual capital and universal stocks of knowledge; and improves the living standards for teachers, education staff, and professors. 4. Cambodian people ''live in dignity and happiness, and enjoy equal access, equal rights, and equal opportunities in social protection" in a society wherein the state attaches great importance to the building of a robust social protection and social assistance system; promotes the insurance sector; strengthens and 1nodemizes the healthcare system; pays attention to sports and public health sector; promotes gender equality; and promotes a digital society. 5. Ca1nbodia is ••a country that enjoys harmon)1, resilience, and inclusivity of physical and natural environment, and has a good balance between development and environmental conservation" for co1nfortable living of people, wherein the state emphasizes the importance of energy security; builds an efficient water supply system and management systems for all types of wastes~ builds modem and auton1atic irrigation systems; mitigates and builds adaptation system to cli1nate change; utilizes ecological system sustainably; equips n1odem technology in the agriculture sector; and 1nanages and consu1nes natural resources, with enviromncntal balance taken into consideration. 1 .6. Rationale for the Formulation of the Pentagonal Strategy Against the backdrop of the post COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid changes in global geopolitics, Ca1nbodia needs to stand finn and pull itself together in order, on the one hand, to recover from "Pmtagmwl Straleg}·-Plrase r: dti! Rtl)rd Gm"t'nu11e1r1 of die SemrJJ1 U.1gi.Jat11re oftlw 1\'atitmal A~lbly JI) Unofficial tra11slario11 the losses caused by the Covid-19 crisis and other global crises, and on the other hand, to join forces and build resilience to continue the journey to reach new milestones to beco1ne an upper 1niddle-income country by 2030 and a high-income country by 2050, as set forth by the Cambodia Vision 2050, based on the above-mentioned five principal characteristics. Building on the achieve1nents of implementing the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy in the past 25 years, the RGC has made a complete and thorough assess1nent of the strengths and challenges that need to be fully addressed in the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly 2023-2028. The strengths of the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy lie in the fact that these two sets of strategies provided a clear, intertwined. comprehensive, and coherent policy fra1nework with the right targets, covering all the priority areas to carry out the implementation activities. At the san1e time, all 1ninistries-institutions of the RGC- both national and sub-national-have tenaciously participated in the implen1entation of these strategies with an active and proactive spirit, bringing continuous great achieven1ents for the nation and the people. However, in the previous implementation of these strategies, the RGC also noted some weaknesses related to the capacity and quality of institutions, as well as the effectiveness of inter-n1inisterial/ institutional coordination in introducing and i1nplementing actual policy n1easures and action plans under their respective jurisdiction. Moreover, there are still gaps in the implementation activities of ministries-institutions, which have not been properly aligned with the policy objectives of the RGC. In addition, outreach and dissemination re1nain challenges, affecting the effectiveness of participation and support for the implementation of these strategies. Based on the stocktaking of the achieve1nents over the past 25 years, the assessments of regional and global trends, and prognostications for the next 25 years, the objectives have been set ,() "Pmtt~t.,101111/ S111ntt.:,l' - PluL\t' I", the Rtl) nJ < ;mv.11111u'11t '!/the .')l'l 't'llfh I .t.gislalwl' of tlu• .\atimUIJ. ·l.\wmhly Unofficial translation towards realizing the Cambodia Vision 2050 to n1eet people's aspirations. In this spirit, before launching the Pentagonal Strategy that is the continuation of the Rectangular Strategy, the RGC has carried out in-depth reflection, focusing on achieving the long­ term goals of the nation-building and adhering to a phased implementation approach by broadening the scope, refining and re-defining each priority pentagon, and also by itnproving policies and implementation mechanisn1s based on the evolutions of the national and international environment and each stage of development. However, the RGC maintains the intertwined stn1cture as previously done in the preparation of the Rectangular Strategy. Against this background, the RGC presents the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I for Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability, ain1ed at protecting, preserving, and accumulating national achievements, promoting national prestige, enhancing economic growth, and building the foundation towards realizing the Cambodia Vision 2050, based on the following key aspects: 1. The need to continue strengthening and expanding the achievements that the RGC achieved in the past legislatures within the fran1eworks of the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy, by continuing to strengthen peace, political stability, and public order; strengthening respect for the rule of law, rights and freedoms, people's dignity, and liberal multi-party democracy; and implementing the actual n1easures ain1ed at in1proving the living standards and well-being of the people, particularly resolving the issues related to the effectiveness of governance, institutions and social justice, as well as enhancing integrity and quality of public services. 2. The need to continue the refom1s of institutions and governance to realize a public administration with high competency, strengths, intelligence, and integrity, and to work in accordance with the approach of the Dynamics of Stakeholder System and to ensure high efficiency in all aspects of operations, namely leading, coordinating, inonitoring, and evaluating the implementation of "l'e1lln~mutl Slllllt'}..'l' •I': the llfl)Vtl Gmm1ment '!filll' Sl..'l't'lllli l..l'J.:iVtllWl.' of the \aJimwl /l\."'>i'mbly :! I Vnof)icial translation policies and strategies, taking into consideration of the rapidly changing socio-economic situation, both at home and abroad. 3. The need to continue laying and strengthening the foundations for promoting economic and social development with emphasis on building strong human capital, especially through the reforms of education and health sectors, increasing economic productivity, enhancing people's knowledge and workers' skills. and strengthening corporate governance of the private sector and businesses, and promoting connectivity and development of infrastructures-including soft, hard, and digital-in order to create a new growth n1odel based on skills, technology, and innovation. 4. The need to enhance Catnbodia 's economic diversification and competitiveness, to build resilience to changes in socio-economic and natural environmental factors to strengthen the foundation for economic growth and ensuring sustained high growth through increasing value-added in the existing drivers for econo111ic growth, and other potential industries; to promote investment in agricultural and agro-industry sectors~ to pro1note industrial development and industrialization~ to pro1note fair competition and to enhance Cambodia's competitiveness~ to build resilience to emergencies and crises~ and also promote international relations and diplomacy, and deepen regional and global integration, aimed at maximizing social and econornic benefits for the nation. 5. The need to launch a comprehensive socio-economic policy agenda of the Political Platform of the Royal Government of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly to build a strong foundation to continue the path towards realizing the Cambodia Vision 2050. On this basis, reflecting upon the Five Mottos, namely Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability, the RGC decided to set five strategic objectives and five key priorities for the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I. l! "PmragmraJ Sirott"-'l' - Pl10..'tl! r: dw Rtl)W Govenune111 oftJre Sew111h IA-1gi""'11n• of die .\'atimwl •h.""-"'rhlJ' Unofficial translation The Five Strategic Objectives are as follo,vs: 1. Ensuring crisis-resilient economic growth of around 7% per year on average by accelerating the diversification of economic base to create new growth pillars; promoting competitiveness; and maintaining macroeconomic stability by keeping inflation rate low, ensuring exchange rate stability, striving to steadily increase reserves, and strengthening PFM, including improving the efficiency of state assets management and sustainable public debt management. 2. Creating more jobs, both quantity and quality, for Can1bodian people, especially for the youth, by strengthening the quality of education, and hard and soft skills trainings to meet the needs of the job market; providing extensive information about the job tnarket; itnproving cotnfortable working conditions; improving productivity; promoting trade and business: and promoting and attracting both domestic and foreign direct investn1ents. 3. Achieving the poverty reduction targeting of below 10% and continue to keep the poverty rate to a 1ninimum through 1neasures to reduce econotnic inequality; to develop and build an integrated and consistent social protection system; and to reduce the living costs for the people; and to provide quality, efficient, and inclusive public services. 4. Continuing to strengthen capacity. governance, and improving the quality of public institutions, both national and sub­ national, to ensure efficiency of public services; continuing to strengthen private sector governance; and continuing to promote a favorable environ1nent for business, investment, and trade. 5. Ensuring sustainable socio-economic development and building resilience to climate change through optimization of demographic dividends and strengthening demographic resilience; promoting gender equality; sustainably managing natural resources; increasing sustainable and green financing in the total Um!fficial tra11slatio11 loans portfolios to increase financial flows to green investment and green econo1ny; increasing clin1ate-resilient and low-carbon public investments; and ensuring environmental sustainability and readiness for responding to clin1ate change. Thr Fi\'e Key Priorities include thr rollowing: ln the implementation of the socio-economic development strategy in the past, the RGC identified four key priorities, namely, "people, road, water, and electricity" to pro1note national developn1ent, the order of which was 1nodified according to each stage of the country's development. The Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I adopts five key priorities by adding "technology", while "people" ren1ains on the top. "Road, water, electricity, and technology" are in sequential priority. In this sense, Five Strategic Pentagons have been redesigned according to the above priorities by arranging them in an intertwined inanner to respond to the needs and orientations of the new phase of Cambodia's development. The "people" priority is mainly reflected in the Pentagon 1 and is supple1nented by the Side 1 of the Pentagon 3, Pentagon 4 and Pentagon 5. The "road, water and electricity" priorities are n1ainly arranged in the Side 2 of the Pentagon 2, which is complementary to the other Sides of the Pentagon 2, and intertwined with the Side 3 and Side 4 of the Pentagon 4. The "technology" priority is primarily reflected in the Pentagon 5, especially in the building and development of digital infrastructures, which contains in the Side 3 and is interconnected with all the Sides of the other four Pentagons. In sum, the Five Key Priorities in the fonn of the Strategic Pentagons are out] ined below: Pentagon I - 11 u rna n Capital De\'elopn1ent: l) enhance1nent of quality of education, sports, science, and technology; 2) technical skills training; 3) improvements of people's health and well-being; 4) strengthening of social protection system and food system; and 5) strengthening of quality of citizenship of a highly civilized society with morality, equity, and inclusiveness. :! ../ "Pml11J.."" u1I Stn d('J.:.J' - PI 1tN' r: tl u• R, ~ml ( im ~'111111< •111 '?/ii w S<'n:nth / ,1:gi:.Ju11 m• '~/ ihe Stuimmf · h\1:mhly Um?fficial lranslation Pentagon 2 - Econornic Di\'l'r~itication and Cornprtitiveness Enhancl~n1l'nt: I) development of key sectors and new sources of econon1ic growth; 2) enhancement of connectivity and efficiency in transport and logistics, energy, water supply and digital sectors; 3) i1nprove1nents of business and investinent environtnent; 4) strengthening of efficiency and attractiveness of special econon1ic zones (SEZs), including industrial parks, agro-industrial parks, and do111estic free-trade zones; and 5) innovation of financing rnechanis1ns and financial products to support inveshnent. Pt tagon 3 - Dc\'l'lopnu~nt of Pri\'atc Sector and E1nploy1nent: I ) develop1nent of labor market; 2) promotion of 1nicro, s1nal I, and 1nediun1 enterprises, startups, entrepreneurship, and development of infonnal economy; 3) strengthening of public-private partnerships; 4) promotion of competition; and 5) strengthening of banking syste1n and non-banking financial sector. Pl'ntagon -I Rrsilil'nt, Su~tainahlr and nclusi\·r DcYcloprncnt: I) optimization of den1ographic dividends, strengthening of demographic resilience and promotion of gender equality; 2) sustainable manage1nent of natural resources. cultural heritages. and tourism; 3) promotion of agriculture and rural development; 4) strengthening of urban 1nanage1nent and 1nodemization; and 5) ensuring enviromnental sustainability and readiness for responding to clin1ate change, as weJI as promotion of green economy. Pl·ntagon 5 - 0l.'\ rlopn1cnt of Digital Economy and Socicl)·: I) building digital government and digital citizens; 2) develop1nent of digital econo1ny. digital business, e-com1nerce, and digital innovation system~ 3) building and development of digital infrastructures; 4) trustworthiness building in digital system; and 5) development of financial technology. ··Pc•1ttagm1t1/ Stnnc'K)' - Plutv.• I", the R1~nll ( 1'rm•m111L'lll oftlu· Scn .. •111'1U'J..:iVuflm•1ftlw. \1ni1111al h.v.?11hly '~ Unn{ficial translation PART II 2.1. Structure The Pentagonal Strategy is a long-tenn socio-econo1nic strategy, which will be impletnented in five phases over the next 25 years. The Strategy includes: 1) the core of the strategy - institutional refonns and strengthening; 2) overarching environment conducive to the in1plementation of the entire strategy; and 3) strategic pentagons to spur econo1nic growth and social progress. Additionally, the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I also incorporates Six Priority Policy Programs of the Political Platform of the Royal Government of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly. which is to be in1plemented imn1ediately in 2023. 2.2. The Core The core of the Pentagonal Strategy focuses on governance and institutional modernization of state institutions tnaking the111 modem, competent. strong, s1nart and clean through which political, economic, and ad1ninistrative power can be exercised to govern and 1nanage the national affairs, particularly to ensure the continuity of the roles and functions of the public ad111inistration. in line with people-centric interests, nation-building, and the strengthening of the rule of law, aimed at securing support for an inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development. Notwithstanding n1any significant achieven1ents 1nade, the RGC still faces several challenges related to the following aspects, na1nely overlapping functions and authorities: division of functions, authorities and responsibilities: institutional capacity and human resources~ inter-institutional coordination~ accountability, transparency and data and infonnation sharing: monitoring, inspection and audit: inodemization of the armed forces; and private sector governance fra1neworks. In this context, the RGC continues to focus on the following: I) institutional reforms and strengthening: 2) improvements of U110[/icial translatio11 hun1an resources and work efficiency; 3) enhanccn1ent and strengthening of accountability and integrity · in public ad1ninistration; 4) enhancen1ent and strengthening of the effectiveness of laws and justice system; and 5) strengthening of governance of private sector and businesses. Sick I . Institutional Rcfonns and Strengthening The strategic objectives are to build a highly competent, s1nart, strong, and clean public administration to serve the best interest of the people. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Rationalizing functions and organizational structure, and defining procedures for service deliveries by state institutions, both at the national and sub-national levels, particularly clear definition off unctions and duties; proper delegation of powers in decision-making; delineation of powers, responsibilities and accountability in the fra1neworks of leadership, managen1ent and operations; strengthening the institutional coordination fran1eworks and service integration; and adopting technologies in the public administration. 2. Strengthening leadership capacity by way of formulating and in1ple1nenting fratneworks for leadership capacity development; training progra1ns on leadership; assessing and recognizing role-model leadership; and building leadership networks in the public ad1ninistration. 3. Strengthening civil service 1nanagement systen1 and administration capacity by i1nproving the legal and regulatory fran1eworks related to civil services; itnplementing fra1neworks to enhance work productivity; enhancing performance-based n1anagement; and pron1oting competition and innovation. 4. Further improving the capability of the anned forces through institutional and hu1nan capital development; etnphasizing on raising living standards and welfare of the arn1ed forces; and ~s "l't'lllif!..'OlllU Strutt.'}..'l' - l'luLW r: ''"' Rtl)YU ( nll'f.'111/ltl'llt of tlu· Scin11'1 u•gi'i/tdllll' <~f '"" . \utimtal hwmhly Unofficial translation implementing appropriate policies for the retired armed forces, and for those who have lost their ability to work, as well as for those with disabilities in their sacrifices for the sake of national security. Side 2. In1prove1nents of Huruan Resources and \\'ork Efficiency The strategic objectives are to build con1petent and skilled hun1an resources with a high sense of professionalistn, ethical standards, and ownership, in accordance with roles and responsibilities. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Strengthening hu1nan resource development and manage1nent systems that are based on 1neritocracy in terms of recruitments, appoint1nents, promotions, and proper incentives, as well as development of a comprehensive capacity building system. 2. Developing public sector pay and incentive system in a nlore effective and comprehensive manner, based on meritocracy aitned at enhancing work productivity, performance, and living standards of the civil servants, in consistent with the econon1ic growth and affordability of the national budget. 3. Strengthening the effectiveness of hun1an resource development and n1anage1nent at the sub-national level through the delegation of powers in decision making and responsibilities in tern1s of staff recruitments, nlanagement and deployment. 4. Further refonning the public financial 1nanagen1ent by enhancing the budget credibility, financial accountability, linking budget to policies. and performance accountabi 1 ity, in order to build a public finance system in accordance with the international standards and best practices. 5. Decentralizing sub-national ad1ninistration 's finance and planning to ensure adequate budget to perform its functions and policy priorities, as stipulated in the development plans, investment programs. and the budget strategic plans. "Pe1rt1~mul/ Stnntxy- PluL'W' r: tire Ro) YU (im't.'11111U!Jrf t?/llu' .<it.'l'C'trllr L1!KLVlllW'l' tflhc .\'atimral. h\t'mhly ~ () UnojJicial translation 6. Further promoting database modernization and usage, as well as infom1ation sharing and exchanges 1n public adn1inistration. Side 3. Enhance111cnt and Strengthening of Accountabilit)· and Integrity in Public Adn1inistration The strategic objectives are to promote and strengthen cleanness, integrity, and trust in public administration to contribute to inclusive and sustainable socio-econo1nic development. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Developing and implementing a code of ethics and professional conduct in civil service and fostering compliance by public officers with the principles of functional incotnpatibility and conflict of interests. 2. Strengthening the effectiveness of inspection and audit mechanisms and creating rules of audit and inspection systetns to ensure the hannonization of inspection and audit functions in public administration. 3. Strengthening 1nechanisms for public service tnanagement and deliveries, merit-based incentives, and the adoption of strict legal measures for public conducts and responsibilities to promote trust and to increase effectiveness in public service deliveries. 4. Further strengthening and expanding anti-corruption education and corruption prevention efforts, as well as strengthening stringent enforcement of laws to combat corruption. 5. Enhancing cooperation between the Anti-Corruption Unit and public institutions, especially through a focal person mechanism, both in the provisions of anti-corruption education and in the prevention of corruption, in order to put in place the monitoring, evaluation, implementation of strategic plans, and plans for promoting integrity in public institutions. 30 "Pmlitgmutl ShrrtL'/...'l' - PIULtte r: du• Royal (i'ovr!nmw11t 0(1/11.1 .~·wnth 1-'.'J.,>i'ilatun· ofl/11.1 \(lfimutl . h'\£•111hly Unofficial translation Side 4. Enhancement and Strengthening of the Effectiveness of Laws and Justice System The strategic objectives are to strengthen the rule of law, to further fight against social injustice, and to promote public trust in the justice sector, which are key to maintaining social stability, public order, and harmony in the society. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Enhancing the capacity of human resources in the justice sector, both quantity and quality, to increase the work efficiency in the justice sector and the effectiveness and speed of the dispute settlements, both in court and out of court. 2. Promoting effectiveness, consistency, and legal compliance in introducing laws and regulations ai1ned at achieving the national vision and at meeting societal needs. 3. Strengthening law compliance and providing legal support services through the promotion of education, the dissemination of the laws, the provision of legal consultation services, and the provision of legal defense services to ensure the rights to justice, particularly for the poor and the vulnerable. 4. Promoting fairness and effectiveness of law enforcen1ent by law enforcen1ent officers and court officials, particularly strengthening the effectiveness of court proceedings, integrity, professionalism, and ethics of law enforcement officers and court officials, as well as improving the inspection and punishment mechanisms to build trust in law enforcement. 5. Enhancing the quality and effectiveness of the court system through modernizing the court ad1ninistration to improve the quality of justice service deliveries and through strengthening the quality of justice. 6. Promoting the development of the legal frameworks and dispute settlement mechanisms for adjudicating and mediating disputes both in and out of court in ways to increase the "Pmtllf:<ma/Stral£W' -PIUJ.'il! r: the RoJrd <"iol'emmenl oftht•5'.!•t•111h u~i.Jatm't.'ojilU! 1\'ulio11al ,,.1\.-.;e11J'J/y JI Unofficial translation effectiveness and speed of the dispute settlements; and bringing dispute settle1nent services closer to the people. Side 5. Strengthening of Governance of Private Sector and Businesses The strategic objectives are to pro1note all stakeholders' trust in the private sector and businesses by way of strengthening good governance of the private sector and businesses. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Strengthening and pron1oting good governance in the private sector and businesses through formulating and implementing policy frameworks relevant to good governance. laws and regulations, and other related principles in the private sector and businesses. 2. Accelerating the fon1nilation and i1nple1nentation of policy frameworks that pro1note the environ1nental and social responsibility of the private sector and businesses to increase participation in addressing social issues. pro1note social 1norality and cultural values, and intensify enviromnental protection efforts, through providing supportive n1echanisn1s and proper incentives to businesses that practice good governance and adhere to high standard environn1ental and social responsibility. 3. Reviewing, updating, revising, and a1nending relevant laws and regulations, as well as monitoring and impletnenting law enforcement n1echanisms. 4. Encouraging and supporting the private sector and civil society organizations in developing the code of ethics and professional conduct, as well as encouraging the private sector and civil society organizations to set the qualification standards for their respective Board of Directors to enhance accountability and to reduce conflict of interests. 5. Pro1noting the effectiveness of dialogue n1echanisn1s and public-private partnerships at policy and technical levels and at 3l "l't.7rltl/,'Ollto Smdt.'KJ'- Plui"'-' r: tht' Royul Gmv.771111e1ll oftlu! St'lY!1lllr L1!1.,<i.Jutlm.• of tire .\'ulimraJ l.\'\t'mhly Uno.fficial tra11s/atio11 national and sub-national levels to stirnulate policy discussions and to find solutions to challenges by leveraging the roles of do1nestic and external chainbers of con1n1crce and other stakeholders. 6. Promoting the effectiveness and transparency of the inspection of the private sector and businesses through encouraging the use of information technology systems in the inspection procedure~ strengthening capacity building and integrity of inspectors: and accelerating the implementation of inspection n1easures. 2.3. Overarching Environn1cnt The overarching enviromnent determines a full and comprehensive fratnework to ensure the achievement of the policy priorities of the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I. Can1bodia has achieved a ren1arkable success by reshaping and enhancing her i1nage and prestige regionally and globally through maintaining security and political stability which is a prerequisite for ensuring development, implementing an open economic policy, continuing to develop and pro1note the private sector participation, and strengthening ownership, partnerships and mechanis1ns for cooperation in mobilizing financial. technical. and knowledge resources for socio-econon1ic development. In the context of current geopolitics and major global trends, the RGC continues to focus on the following: l) continued strengthening of peace, political stability, security, and public order; 2) adherence to an independent, rule-based, and s111art foreign policy~ 3) ensuring 1nacroecono111ic and financial stability~ 4) continued building of inclusive and effective partnerships for development cooperation; and 5) continued promotion of deeper integration into the regional and global economy. Side I. Continued Strengthening of Peace .. Political Stability, Security, and Public Order The strategic objectives are to continue to maintain, at al I costs, peace, political stability, security, and public order, which are indispensable preconditions for the national develop1nent. "Pt'llk{S.,'<JIUJ Stnlli.'K), PlulSe r: the RIT) w Gol'f.71l/llL7ll r{tht• s,!'1 'Clllh l.L,'1.,-i.Jatwl! of tlu· \'atimta/ ;l\V.711bly 3 3 Uno[(tcia/ 1ra11slatio11 In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Safeguarding the independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity from external interference in the internal affairs of Cambodia, as well as preventing and resolutely opposing any attempt to overthrow the legitimate Royal Govern1nent of Cambodia or any incite1nent to cause political instability or social unrests. 2. Further strengthening the rule of law, liberal 1nulti-party democracy, culture of peace, social morality, respect for human rights and dignity, and further strengthening a favorable environn1ent and strong normalcy for the well-functioning of public institutions. 3. Continuing to resolve land and maritin1e boundary issues with neighboring countries based on international laws, as well as continuing to develop and promote the i1nplementation of the border development strategy as borders for peace, friendships, cooperation and development, while continuing to adhere to the principle of not allowing the use of Carnbodian territory against her neighboring countries. 4. Preventing and cracking down on all types of criminal offenses, including the fight against terrorism, transnational crimes, human trafficking, labor trafficking, sex trafficking, money laundering and terrorism financing, financing of weapons of mass destruction, combatting illegal activities related to illicit drug trafficking and use, illegal gambling, as well as continued strengthening of the implementation of "Safe Village-Commune" Policy. S. Continuing to strengthen traffic safety and order on the streets in cities and towns to solve traffic congestions and reduce road accidents, aimed at reducing related costs and increasing economic optimization. 6. Continuing efforts to achieve the goal of a "'Mine-Free Cambodia by 2025", and to reduce unexploded ordinances to a minimum. J I "Pmtugona/ Siruu."K)'- Pl111.~· r: dw Royal (~J)'L'nUtU!nJ <?f dte ."M.'l~rdr legi<ianm.• <ftl1'.·. \UJitmaJ' h'i1.7trhly L '110/li«ial r1w1slari1111 7. Preventing and addressing fire issues and social hazards to ensure safety for people at the tin1c of expansion in urbanization, 1arge congregation of people in towns. and nun1ber of high-rise buildings. 8. Continuing to strengthen the i1nplen1entation of the Nationality Law and l1nn1igration Law~ continuing to n1ake a push for the developn1ent of legal fraincworks and n1echanis1ns to ensure that "one person possesses one identity" and ''all people arc identified"~ the entry-exit Can1bodia control: 1nanagcment of stay and cn1ployn1ents of foreigners~ and the n1oden1ization of the i111n1igration data 1nanagcn1ent syste1n to prevent illegal border crossings. illegal stay and illegal businesses by foreigners. 9. Strengthening law enforcctnent and capacity building to effectively prevent cybcrcri1nes. 10. Pron1oting the in1plen1entation of the National Strategic Plan on Identification, 2017-2026, bv establishin~ a national - . ccntcr for population data nianagen1ent~ introducing the use of individual identification nun1bers~ and pron1oting the i1nplen1entation of the La\V on Registration. Registration Statistics and Identification, and relevant rcgu lations . ..... Side 2. Adherence to an Independent, Rule-based, and Smart Foreign Policy The strategic objectives are to continue to strengthen the i1nplcn1cntation of independent. rule-based foreign policy in national dcfense and in promoting the core national interests~ and building good friendships and cooperation with all countries in the world and international organizations~ as well as actively participating in the cause of peace. stabi I ity, security and prosperity in the region and the globe, in accordance with the approach of ""keep the old, establish the new.'' In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to i1nplement an independent foreign policy, "P£'11ragmwl SrrrlU.'g)'- P/UL.e r: rh .. • Rt~ml Gmmmumr of the Sel't!'rth /.A.J...>i<J11111reofdw (11i01ull A\"W.'lltbly 3 5 Unc?fficial translation based on international laws and strict respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence of n1ember states in accordance with the United Nations Charter and universally recognized principles. 2. Continuing to adhere to the principle of not supporting the threats or use of the force in international relations, invasion against an independent state, separatism, seizure of territory frotn a sovereign state and interference in the internal affairs of other countries, as well as continuing to take a firn1 stand against the presence of a foreign military base in the Carnbodian territory. 3. Continuing to adhere to the principles of pennanent neutrality, non-alignment, and the practice of soft yet firm, flexible, and balanced diplomacy, in I inc with the regional and global strategic geopolitical changes. 4. Continuing to uphold the core national interests in the implementation of foreign policy that contributes to the protection of national sovereignty and territorial integrity, socio-economic development for the improve1nents of people's livelihoods and the promotion of national prestige and excellence within the region and the globe. 5. Pro1noting good relations with neighboring countries to achieve the vision of transforming the border into an area of peace, stability, and prosperity while continuing to strengthen and expand relations with strategic partners within the region and beyond. 6. Continuing to strengthen Cainbodia's role in ASEAN through active and constructive participation in the work of maintaining internal ASEAN unity and regional integration in accordance with the ASEAN Charter, especially the decision­ n1aking based on dialogues and consensus principle without interfering in the internal affairs of me1nber state countries. 7. Continuing to strengthen 1nultilateralis1n through active participation in regional and international foru1ns; contributing to 3f> "l'en1ugmull .Vnllt~r- l'lw.'>l' /", tJu1 R'')YU (iovemmt'lll '~f tht• .~"l.n1th I A.1:LVtillm'oflht•. \atiomll l.\'\l.'mhly Unofficial tra11s/atio11 the UN peacekeeping operations~ participating in mainta1n1ng stability and peace by promoting dialogues and peaceful settlen1ents of disputes~ and promoting free. open. rule-based. and n1ultilateral trade. 8. Continuing the implementation of 111ultidi1nensional and 1nultifaccted foreign policy. aimed at enhancing defense efficiency and pro1noting national interests by actively participating in relevant sectors creating synergy to leverage negotiation power~ and ai1ns to respond in a timely 1nanner to expand strategic flexible space in international relations. 9. Continuing to strengthen international confidence and shape perceptions towards Cambodia with regard to the real and actual situations of Cambodia. to improve partnerships, prestige and global promotion of Cambodia, ai111ed at increasing attractiveness and promoting economic relations, investment, and tourisrn. I 0. Continuing to deepen institutional refonns and to provide trainings to hu1nan resources in foreign affairs to achieve high capacity. sufficient skills, and competencies to protect the core interests of the nation. Side 3. Ensuring Macroeconomic and Financial Stability Macroccono1nic and financial stability is a vital condition for pron1oting inclusive. resilient, and sustainable socio-cconon1ic development. In the Seventh Legislature. the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to n1aintain rnacroeconon1ic stability to ensure the sustained inclusive growth through rnanaging the inflation rate at an appropriate level, stabilizing the exchange rate. increasing national reserves, and n1aintaining the stability of people's 1 ivel ihoods. 2. Undertaking deeper and sharper refonns, especially to address structural and inter-institutional challenges, ain1ed at ''PeutJl).lfJJuJ/S11ltll'J.[.l'-PIUL'M! /", t/11.1 Rrl)Yd Gmt'11utu.mt 1{th£1 Sel'l?1Jh Lt.1-:i'111t11re1!ftlw \alimud 1h'\l.~mhly 37 Unofficial translation promoting economic diversification and increasing productivity and competitiveness of Cambodia. 3. Maintaining the sustainability of public finance by continuing to promote the implementation of public financial management reforms, focusing on the strengthening of revenue collections, and enhancing effectiveness of expenditure, strengthening state assets management, sustainably managing public debts, promoting the development of n1echanisms to tnobilize financing fron1 domestic sources, and gradually expanding national budget space. 4. Strengthening financial stability and resilience, both in the banking and non-banking financial sectors, especially through the development of the financial safety net and the promotion of financial deepening. 5. Promoting financial cooperation, both regional and global, to contribute to the strengthening of the stability of financial system, resource mobilization, and development of new financial n1arkets and financial technologies. 6. Developing a co1nprehensive and inclusive social protection system to strengthen socio-economic resilience. Side 4. Continued Building of I nclu~ivc and Effccth c Partnerships for Developn1cnt Cooperation The continued enhancement of the effectiveness of cooperation and further strengthening of partnerships with all development stakeholders are essential for creating an environment conducive to inclusive, resilient, and sustainable socio-economic development. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Formulating and implementing the "Development Cooperation Partnership Strategy 2024-2028" to strengthen inclusive partnerships. 3 8 "Pmtagv mtzl StrtJlt?.. 'l' - l'lw.o;e r: dw Rt!J yzl Gownu11t'111 of the S1.'1 t.•1lllr l-1.'J,.,-i'lia111n• 1ftlre . \'atimral. t \"'-'mhly Vnc~l]icial tra11slatio11 2. Mobilizing, coordinating, and managing development cooperation financing fro111 all sources, and aligning resources with national priorities to improve efficiency of the resource utilization. 3. Enhancing the effectiveness of the imple1nentation of existing partnership mechanis1ns and tools, which can be additionally created, when needed, to enhance bi-directional accountability and to strengthen inclusive partnerships. 4. Continuing to undertake regional and global integration and communications through mechanisms, 1neasures, progra1ns, and initiatives, to enhance Cambodia's prestige and interests, as well as to increase opportunities for development and confidence towards the clirnate for investment, business, and trade in Cambodia, based on the principles of "'equal rights and equal footing". 5. Continuing to implement the public-private partnership mechanisms by strengthening the implementation of the Law on Public-Private Partnerships. 6. Continuing to strengthen partnerships with non­ govern1nental organizations through the implementation of the Law on Associations and Non-Governmental Organizations to increase collaboration in a harmonious, effective, transparent, and accountable partnership. Side 5. Continued Pron1otion of Deeper Integration into the Re~ional and Global Economy The continued promotion of deeper integration into the regional and global economy creates opportunities to promote and support international trade and invest1nent attraction, as well as enhance greater participation in regional and global value and supply chains, contributing to the strengthening of Cambodia's competitiveness and sustainable econo1nic and social development. "Pt'ltlagonal Stnllegy- PIUL'ie r: the Royal G<M'11111U'lll of tlw Sen.111111 I .. egi.<Jaturr.• oftlU! J \'atimwl ,,l\wmhly 3 9 Unv.fficial 1ra11slatio11 In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to negotiate, through both bilateral and 111ultilatcral mechanisms, to open new potential 1narkets which can be elevated to 111ore comprehensive and to a new height; and undertaking negotiation of international agreements related to e-con1n1erce by focusing particularly on bilateral agreen1ents that are found to be effective with high potentials to diversify export n1arkets and products. 2. Developing strategies and action plans to deepen Ca1nbodia's integration through existing multilateral and bilateral mechanisms to intensively expand Cambodia's linkages with regional and global value and supply chains. 3. Developing policy rneasures to reduce trade costs and related costs, and to elin1inate unnecessary trade barriers to increase Cambodia's competitiveness, as well as the developn1ent and the promotion of compliance to standards and regulations by micro. small, and n1ediun1 enterprises, especially infant and new industries with high exports and competitiveness potentials. 4. Continuing to promote Ca1nbodia's active participation in major international cooperation frarncworks and initiatives. and in the promotion of a global 1nultilateral trading systen1, based on the principles of openness, transparency, inclusiveness, and fair competition. 5. Strengthening and expanding cooperation and coordination between ministries, public institutions, and all other development stakeholders to enhance competitiveness and industrial and co1nn1ercial capacity in line with regional and global trends, especially linking domestic production to international product 1narkets. 6. Formulating strategic fra1neworks for a s111ooth graduation with n101nenturn from the Least Developed Countries, and formulating orientation policy frameworks for long-term strategic 40 "Pm11wo11al ShYdt'K) · - P/mt;e r: the Royal Gm v.'17mll!ltt of tlw Stwitdt u 1gi.'1t1IW'f.' 1!ftlu.1 Sutimud A \"\£?11h/y Unofliciul trumlation economic integration, while continuing to negotiate for other trade preferences during the transition period to ensure export niarket stability and new 1narket accesses for Cainbodian products. 2.4. The Five Strategic Pentagons Pentagon 1: Human Capital Dcveloprnent The development of hun1an capital is indispensable for protnoting sustainable and resilient cconotnic diversification and econotnic growth. High quality and healthy hutnan capital are strong assets for the nation in increasing econon1ic values, protnoting cultural values, and developing new ideas to ensure long-tenn sustained growth, and dynan1ic socio-econon1ic devclop1nent. Therefore, investment in hun1an capital developtnent is critical in responding to the growing needs of the national socio-economic developtnent. In this regard. the RGC focuses on five priorities: I) enhanccn1ent of quality of education, sports, science, and technology: 2) technical skills training~ 3) i1nprove1nents of people's health and well-being; 4) strengthening of social protection systern and food system: and 5) strengthening of quality of citizenship of a highly civilized society with n1orality, equity, and inclusiveness. Side 1. Enhancement of Quality of Education, Sports, Science, and Technology The strategic objectives arc to create a conducive environn1cnt for education and trainings with high quality and expertise, focusing on strengthening the governance in educational institutions, in1proving the quality of trainings at all levels, irnproving the quality and access to education related to science, technology, engineering, arts, and tnathetnatics (STEAM), and strengthening physical education and sports. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to enhance quality of education and trainings at all levels, updating curricula at all levels, and creating an cnviron111ent conducive to lifelong learning. "Pmtago11t1l Stralt'g) ·-Plu1se r: the Rr~rrd Gm 'f:nmu.•111 ' !{the S1.!w.11ul1 l .t>gi.Janm• oj the \Utimml A w .1111hly 4 I U110.fficial trans/atiun 2. Continuing to implement school reforms with a focus on further enhancing the existing achievements, promoting the establish111ent of new generation schools and role-model schools, strengthening governance and manage1nent efficiency of the Departments of Education, Youth and Sports, as well as promoting strong participation and ownership fro1n parents, communities, and the private sector. 3. Strengthening the quality of teachers' training and teaching methods, as well as continuing to improve livelihoods and promoting social values of teaching personnel at all levels. 4. Continuing to promote digital education, developing digital infrastructures in schools, and promoting studies of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathe1natics (STEAM). 5. Promoting school health, and increasing scholarships for the poor and vulnerable students. 6. Strengthening the governance of higher education institutions, promoting research and development (R&D), and innovation, and promoting public-private partnerships. 7. Promoting sports by linking with education, and continuing to promote 111ovement of" one youth can play at least one sport in life." Side 2. Technical Skills Training The strategic objectives are to pursue the transformation of the technical and vocational trainings, increase enrollments in the sector, pron1ote reskilling and upskilling, strengthen ecosyste1ns for skills development, address skills n1ismatchcs between trainings and actual demands, both in tenns of skills and quality. and strengthen monitoring and evaluation of the implen1entation of policies and strategies that have been laid out. ln the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Strengthening governance system, and governance of ./ ~ .. Pmrogmuli Slrotl'J...'l' - Plw."R r: tlu.• Rt') 'DI< im'('T7111u.•111 ofthe St'l'f.!11/h Legi.v11111n• t?f du• \atimwl. -lwm.hly Uno.f/icial translation technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions, both public and private, through updating relevant policies and regulations, digitalization, and strengthening tnonitoring and evaluation mechanisms. 2. Continuing to improve the teachers' capacity and qualifications by encouraging the1n to conduct further studies and carry out regular research, as well as by attracting highly qualified teachers with strong practical backgrounds to teach in TVET institutions nationwide. 3. Strengthening the quality of technical and vocational skills, both soft and hard, through the full implementation of training progran1s based on capacity and industrial needs. 4. Promoting and strengthening upskilling programs; expanding skills training, reskilling, and skill recognition testing programs; promoting research, innovation, and practical techniques in line with actual needs; as well as pron1oting dissemination in all forms. 5. Establishing loans inechanisms for students to encourage the acquisitions of technical and vocational skills, especially priority skills. 6. Continuing to strengthen public-private partnerships, promoting regular dialogues between the public and private sectors, as well as development partners, and mobilizing funds to support R&D. Side 3. Improvements of People's Health and Well-being The strategic objectives are to continue to reduce morbidity and mortality from major non-communicable diseases; continue to promote reproductive health, and infant, child and maternal health; strengthen institutional capacity to lead the transfonnation and governance in health sector; continue to improve the quality and diagnostic capacity in treatJnent and care; continue to strengthen the quality of health vocational training; enhance expertise; "Pt'llll~t 'tmal Sindt~·- Phme r: the Rtf)tli Gtm.'11111u·11/ t~ftheSt."'<7llh l..t!'J.:is/,aurr.• tiftlu• Stllimud A ""711h/y 43 Unofficial translation promote cooperation between relevant ministries-institutions; and encourage com1nunity participation. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: I. Strengthening institutional capacity to lead digital governance and transformation in health sector~ fonnulating health-related laws and regulations; promoting the i1nplementation of regulatory n1echanisms over public and private health care services; promoting 1nedical research; and strengthening monitoring and evaluation. 2. Enhancing capacity of health and social welfare systems so that they can respond in a timely and effective n1anner to the endeavors to pro1note public health and people's well-being, including in the event of disease outbreaks. 3. Strengthening innovative health care systen1s, focusing on primary health care; protnoting healthy diet for all; improving quality, safety, and efficiency; expanding the coverage of health care services, distribution, and use of medicines; and enhancing 1nonitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and quality control. 4. Increasing health-related education and dissc1nination progran1s, ai1ned at raising people's awareness and proper conducts in the prevention and n1anagc1nent of diseases or public health problems, as well as ensuring proper behaviors of the people in seeking and using health care services. 5. hnproving the training quality of n1edical professions, as well as supporting professions based on co1npetencies, pro1noting professional ethics, and pro1noting extensive deployn1ent of n1edical doctors and staff in accordance with technical standards. 6. Expanding physical infrastructures; and strengthening the supply of rnedicines and equipn1ent, supply of n1edical equip1nent to health posts, health centers, referral hospitals, priority refe1Tal hospitals of target provinces and national hospitals in accordance with 1nodern technical standards . ././ "P e1 lit~ mtd Strme!{I' - l'ha "'-' r: tlu' Raya/ (~m't1111u'l1t t?{'tl1e Sen.1111/t I .A.1-:itJt111m1 ojilu• 'Vutimwl. f.\"\l11,,hly Unofficial translatio11 7. Enhancing multi-sectoral and inter-sectoral cooperation, community participation, and responsibilities of sub-national administrations, to ensure the deliveries of health care services that 111eet the essential health needs of the local population. 8. Building partnerships between public and private sectors, development partners and non-governmental organizations; and enhancing regional and global cooperation in strengthening resilience, developing health sector, and expanding the coverage of the social health protection system. Side 4. Strengthening of Social Protection System and Food System The strategic objectives are to build and develop centralized and consistent social protection system, both the social assistance system and the social security system, and to strengthen food system that can support food security and nutrition for al I people. The continued develop1nent of the social protection system is based on the spirit of"'leaving no Cambodian citizen behind' ', and the expansion of the scope of the social protection system is based on four approaches: I) the sustainability of the progra1ns; 2) the affordability of the national budget; 3) ensuring social inclusiveness and equity by focusing on state interventions for the poor, vulnerable and at-risk households; and 4) the expandability of the scope of the social protection syste1n through systematic development. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to provide livelihood support to target households through the national social assistance program, with immediate actions focusing on the national social assistance progra1n as a fa1nily package, vocational and technical training progra1ns for target youth, as well as their empowerment, and social protection progran1s to end poverty; and institutionalizing social protection frameworks that can respond to en1ergencies, including strengthening food system that is robust, smart, resilient, and inclusive. "l't•1rta;.:mwl Strotegy- l'hlL\e r: the Royal Gon.71111u?11 oftlll' St!n:.?1th I .A.']..ri.Jatun.• t~/tlll' \atio11al A.\."ti:mbly ' Unofficial translation 2. Continuing to develop the social security system, the implementation of the social security schemes, and the continued expansion of social health care services towards universal health coverage (UHC) in line with the evolving socio-economic situation. 3. Continuing to strengthen governance system to make it more robust, effective, and standardized in all three levels, namely the policy level (National Social Protection Council), the regulatory level (Social Security Regulator), and the operational level (National Social Security Fund, National Social Assistance Fund and other relevant operators). 4. Launching an independent National Agency for Payment Certification, which covers healthcare and occupational risks. 5. Promoting the use of information technology within the system; and continuing to enhance and improve the accuracy of the identification system for target households and individuals who are eligible for social protection schemes, with the ai1n of launching a basic system for registration and national social data. 6. Promoting awareness on the important roles of the social protection system; and establishing mechanisms for feedback and suggestions, and mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation. 7. Promoting and improving the well-being of the poor families, fatnilies of militants with disabilities, families of deceased militants, and families of veterans, by providing various protections, including the continued granting of land, and provision of social land concessions for housing and agriculture purposes. Side 5. Strengthening of Quality of Citizenship of a High I~ Civilized Society " 'ith Morality, Equity~ and Inclusiveness The strategic objectives are to enhance people revitalization, which is to enable people to be competent, productive, have morality, virtues, good attitude, perseverance, integrity, discipline, and be highly responsible; and to promote a strong mentality for patriotism, national defense, national unity, 1nutual help, sharing, Unc?f/icial translation part1c1pation, social values, and the mentality that has strong respect for laws, loves peace, culture, tradition, good deeds, and justice, in order to ensure social cohesion and social harmony. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: l. Strengthening and increasing cooperation in education on morality, virtues, and ethics for students and youth, both inside and outside the education system. 2. Formulating a roadmap to nurture behaviors with morality, virtues and ethics, and respect for Jaws and discipline~ incorporating education on Buddhism and Khmer's arts and culture, both tangible and intangible, into school curricula at all levels~ and disseminating and 1nainstreaming these endeavors to all ministries-institutions, both at national and sub-national levels. 3. Promoting knowledge about national identity and ownership in the preservation and development of national culture~ promoting the creation of new cultural products by maintaining the Khmer art styles, and, based on national identity, promoting the participation from senior art masters who are living human heritages and cultivating successors for those ancient forms of arts~ and strengthening public participation in these endeavors. 4. Cultivating nationalisn1 and positive ideals in the conservation, develop1nent and innovation of national arts and culture. 5. Strengthening the effectiveness in research, compilation, and disse1nination of historic values of heritage buildings, artifacts, ancient sites, sleuk rith manuscripts. ancient teachings, traditions, customs, Khmer virtuous attitude. and the sense of gratitude towards the nation. 6. Nurturing citizens' habits of respecting laws and of good discipline~ and establishing criteria to encourage good deeds as exemplary citizens and global citizens. 7. Continuing to promote respect for morality, women's values, family's dignity, and dignity of the Cambodian society. "Pt!11tagmUJ/ .Slratl~'- J'Jlll.'W! I dw Royal GmY!mmenJ tif du.' Selr?11Jl1 14,-i.vuture oftlu•, \ati1111al A.\.'lel11hly 4 7 Uno[ficial tra11slatio11 8. Promoting knowledge about and the roles of Buddhisn1 in contributing to education on morality, virtues, and ethics~ and promoting creativities in uplifting the prestige of the society. Pentagon 2: Econon1ic Diversification and Con1pctitivencss En hancen1ent Econo111ic diversification and competitiveness enhancen1ent are the solid foundation for supporting the sustained and resilient growth in n1edium- and long-tenns through increasing production base, increasing values added, linking production chains and global supply chains, as well as attracting and encouraging investtnents into the new emerging industries. In this regard, the RGC focuses on the following five priorities: I) development of key sectors and new sources of economic growth; 2) enhance111ent of connectivity and efficiency in transport and logistics, energy, water supply and digital sectors; 3) i1nprovements of business and invest1nent environment; 4) strengthening of efficiency and attractiveness of special econo111ic zones (SEZs), including industrial parks, agro-industrial parks, and do1nestic free-trade zones; and 5) innovation of financing 1nechanis111s and financial products to support investment. Side I. Dcvelopn1ent of Key Sectors and Ne\\ Sources of Econo1nic Gro,vth Strategic objectives are to broaden and diversify econon1ic growth base through increasing values added in the existing key sectors and developing new sources of growth, which are indispensable for increasing growth potentials and for strengthening resilience to crisis. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: J. Promoting micro, s1nall, and n1ediu1n enterprise development through strengthening backward linkages and enhance1nent of technology transfers, research and development, as well as fonnulating and implen1enting Cainbodia Micro, S1nall, and Medimn Enterprise Develop1nent Policy . ./8 "Pemagmw/ SJrrdt!g) · - PluLw /", the Rtl)YU ( ;mt'l11111e111oft/it'5'.'1'<''"'' Ll'!,>i.Jatun· ofilu: \'utimud. · h-..:t.'11ibly Unofficial tra11slatio11 2. Continuing to nlake a push for the establish1nent and itnpletnentation of free trade agreements--either bilateral, multilateral. or regional-to its highest efficiency, particularly strengthening inter-institutional coordination. 3. Encouraging and enhancing investn1ent attractiveness into the industries with high values added and green industry through the implementation of Cambodia Automotive and Electronics Sectors Development Roadmap, Catnbodia Garment, Footwear and Travel Goods (GFT) Sector Development Strategy 2020-2027, and Law on Investment of the Kingdom of Cambodia. 4. Continuing to pron1ote and increase values added to agriculture and agro-industrial sectors by continuing to in1plement the National Developtnent Plan on Agriculture Sector 2022-2030 and increasing commercialization, as well as accelerating the implementation of Ca111bodia Agro-Industrial Development Strategic Plan 2019-2030. 5. Continuing to pron1ote touris1n sector, especially promoting cultural and natural tourism development in addition to green, clean, and sn1art tourism; promoting the development of new types of tourisn1 with high values added and business touristn through fonnulating and enhancing the implementation of policies and touristn sector development 1naster plans. 6. Continuing to promote the development of entertaimnent service sector, literatures, arts, animation, films, and creative industries with high potentials, with relevant ministries-institutions formulating and implementing policies, strategies, and plans to pro1note these sectors. 7. Accelerating Sihanoukville development as a multi­ purpose special economic zone that serves as an important econotnic pole for tourism sector, financial service center, industrial zones and so on, through defining comprehensive and clear-cut implementation n1echanis1ns and preparing a 1naster plan for developing Cambodia coastal provinces as multi-purpose and inter-connected econo1nic corridors. "Pt'lllt~i:mwl Strot£"-.'l' - P/UL'iJ.' r: the Rei) YU Govmunart qfthl.' .'X'lt'l1th l..l1gi.va1111Y! tftlw S(Jfi1mtll .-h.'ii!11tbly 4 9 Unofficial translation 8. Continuing to implement Cambodia Industrial Development Policy 2015-2025; and updating this policy to align with the new context of changing architecture of regional and global trade and economy. 9. Continuing to accelerate the development of extractive industries and supporting industries through establishing and operationalizing a national petroleum company; continuing to accelerate the development of petroleum and gas sector, especially re-operationalizing oil wells; and continuing to encourage the investments into mineral resources industries, and considering the possibility of formulating policies for producing resources with which Can1bodia is well endowed. Side 2. Enhancen1ent of Connectivity and Efficiency in Transport and Logistics, Energy, Water Supply and Digital Sectors The strategic objectives are to continue to build and strengthen the foundation and key prerequisites to increase productivity, enhance competitiveness, and accelerate diversification through enhancing efficiency of supportive infrastructures, and construction and development of new infrastructures. ln the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: Transport and Logistics Sectors 1. Continuing to encourage the implementation of Interim Master Plan on lntermodal Transport Connectivity and Logistics System 2021-2030, as well as promoting the endorse111ent and the implementation of the Comprehensive Master Plan on Cambodia lntermodal Transport and Logistics System 2023-2030. 2. promoting and strengthening the implementation of the Postal Sector Development Policy 2022-2030. 3. Continuing to increase capital investments and mobilization of financing, as well as strengthening the efficiency of their utilization to continue to develop key physical 5f J "Pentago11aJ Struuxl · -P/l(l.tte r: die Rt'J v1 Gml(!l7unt!11/ of du! &11mt/1 urgi.""'1u-e of dll! . Vatimwl A.\.vnihl) · Unofficial lra11s/atio11 infrastructures, namely roads, railways, waterway. ports, and airways, especially navigation projects and logistics systems, project on rnodemization of Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville railway network, and Poipet-Siem Reap-Phnom Penh new railway network; as well as considering the development of 1nore expressways connecting important economic poles and dotnestic key econon1ic corridors to the neighboring countries. 4. Carrying out a study on roads and amending the law on roads, in order to n1ake adjustments to the 1naxin1un1 weight level~ and speeding up the preparation of law on land transport, law on water transport and seaports, and law on railway~ as well as formulating policies, strategies, and legal fra1neworks related to the law enforcement and promotion of logistic skills development. Energy Sector 5. Continuing to 1naintain price stability and considering the possibility of reducing the electricity tariffs, as well as ensuring sufficiency and stability of electricity supplies for industrial and agricultural sectors. 6. Promoting the use of renewable energy and impletnentation of energy efficiency prograrn to the utn1ost potential. 7. Increasing the managen1ent, development, and cooperation on the three pillars of energy sub-sector, civil nuclear power, and radioactive power. in order to ensure energy security. Water Supply Sector 8. Developing and implementing water supply n1aster plans, in order to achieve the goal of 100°/o access to water supply in 2030. 9. Continuing to undertake a review and establishing legal frameworks for the managernent of water supply sector, especially simplifying the process for network connection request, strengthening the implementation of permit condition, and preserving the raw water sources, as well as establishing important "Pmtagonal StruleJ...'l' -PIUL11e r: dw RJl)ul GmtnmtenJ of dw Sertmd1 U.'W.'liature <if the 1\0ti<mal .rb"W.wtbly 5 I Unofficiul translatio11 institutional mechanisms, and setting up the water supply regulator in order to 111anage, develop and address challenges, aiming at achieving water security. 10. Enhancing the strategic roles and participation of the state and creating incentives for the private sector for their invest1nents in water supply sector in the prioritized geographic locations, such as SEZs, clusters of micro, s1nall, and mediu111 enterprises, industrial parks, and econo1nic poles in cities and provinces. 11. Continuing to promote autornation and incentivize water supply authori ties in municipal-provincial urban areas. Digital Sector 12. Encouraging the optimum use of digital technologies, especially in the business and econo1nic activities through interconnected and systematic rneasures. Side 3. Improvements of Business and Investment Environment The strategic objectives are to improve the favorable cli1nate for businesses, trade, and investment through facilitation and simplification of various procedures, digitalization of public service deliveries and administration, strengthening institutional capacity, and enhancing the efficiency of inter-ministerial coordination. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to introduce and an1end laws and regulations, such as law on comtnercial regulation and co1n1nercial registration, law on commercial enterprises, bankruptcy law; and finalizing trade secrets and confidential information law to ensure the sound management of intellectual property and prevent the leakage of commercial infon11ation. 2. Enhancing quality, transparency. efficiency, and reliability, and bringing public services closer to consumers/users 5:; "Pt!111i{~JIUU Strcd£1gl' - Pim."'! r: the Rtl}'t.U Gm 't.'17Ull£'1ll oftlte Senmt/1 Legivat11re of dte I \'atimwl A. \Wlllhly l ·no//icicrl tnmslatin11 through the use of auton1ation syste111s and technology platforn1s for public service delivery to facilitate procedures. reduce tin1c and other related expenses: as well as pcrfonning inspections and ensuring other c01npliances to rest assured ensure that the public service delivery is n1ade with quality, efficiency and transparency. 3. Continuing to accelerate in-depth rcfon11s and n1odcmizing tax adn1inistration to increase the efficiency of revenue collections and foster t~1ir co1npetition in business and investtncnt, and reduce the costs of fulfilling fiscal obligations and procedures. 4. Continuing to strengthen goven1ance and to expand the roles of private sector in the business forun1s under ASEAN frmncworks, and those of ASEAN with partners and RCEP, in order to pro111ote trade and attract foreign invcstn1ent and touris111. 5. Accelerating the cnactn1ent by the legislature of the Fra1nework Agreen1cnt on Cross Border Paperless Trade Facilitation and increasing effective cooperation in in1ple1ncntation, ain1ed at proinoting exports and imports by using digital syste1n. 6. Pron1oting trade dispute resolutions- either in court or out of court - effectively, skillfully, and co1npetently through introducing regulations and co1111nercial courts 1ncchanis1ns. 7. Establishing 1nonitoring and evaluation 1ncchanis1ns~ and i1nproving business and investn1ent clin1ate, based on the assess1nent of the ease of doing business and investn1ent in Cainbodia. Side 4. Strengthening of Efficiency and Attractiveness of Special Economic Zones, including Industrial Parks, Agro­ Industrial Parks, and Domestic Free-Trade Zones The strategic objectives are to cluster and develop the production net\vorks to play an important role in increasing etliciency and c01npetitiveness of Ca111bodia industries, ai1ning at enhancing "Pmtl~t:<mtd Sh'llll'J...'l' - PIUL\£' r: tlu• R<~l'lU (im'('11lllU'lll oftlie Si'l'L'lltlt l..i.'KLVfdlll'l' <ftltl! J\'trlimm/ A .. '\l..'lllhlJ' 53 Un<?fficial trans/ativn attractiveness for foreign and domestic direct investments, promotion of production and innovation for exports, and especially facilitating the creation of jobs and the improvements of the livelihoods of rural population. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Introducing and implementing laws and regulations to tnanage and encourage the establishn1ents of, and investment in SEZs, including industrial parks, agro-industrial parks, and domestic free-trade zones, to promote clusters of enterprises, aiming at enhancing efficiency and facilitating the ease for promoting the development of potential and key products, such as agricultural produces and agro-industrial products, electronic co1nponents, automobiles, textiles and/or furniture. 2. Conducting a study and examining the possibility of developing and utilizing state's private land for SEZs, including industrial parks, agro-industrial parks, and do1nestic free-trade zones, to ensure job creation and production diversification. 3. Establishing state-owned economic zones in son1e strategic locations, with the aim of supporting concentration/clustering of factories and domestic and foreign enterprises, to produce and innovate products, as well as suppo11 potential sectors in which private sector are unable to invest. 4. Continuing to strengthen and expand public investn1ents in the construction of connecting infrastructures, such as roads, transport and logistics systems, electricity networks, water supply systems, and wastewater treatment systems, for SEZs, including industrial parks, agro-industrial parks, technology parks, and do1nestic free-trade zones. 5. Enhancing connectivity between foreign direct investment and micro, small, medium, and large enterprises located in SEZs, including industrial parks, agro-industrial parks, and do1nestic free-trade zones, to support domestic enterprises' readiness for their participation in the regional and global supply chains. 5./ "PmragmUJJ Stiutt'° · - Pha'il! r: the R"yal Gtn¥!nut1t'lll of die Sen.'lftlr le/(i..Ja/Jut' '?I dw \'arimUJ/. 4.\'ii.mbly Unoj}icial translation Side 5. Innovation of Financing l\'lechanisms and Financial Products to Support Investment The strategic objectives are to design and improve financing frameworks and mechanisms, and product diversification and financial services that guarantee 1narket liquidity and financing options for investments, aimed at contributing to promoting investment and economic diversification. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: l. Continuing to promote product diversification in the securities sector through issuing green bonds, social bonds, sustainability bonds, and bonds linking to sustainability for private sector, launching of digital assets, futures bonds, SWAP Securities, and collective investment scheme; and pron1oting the development of trust mechanisms. 2. Establishing legal fran1eworks and/or roadmaps for developing public financial products, such as state securities, state green securities, state climate securities, and state social securities, to promote public investtnent and prioritized sectors. 3. Enhancing public-private partnership mechanisms to support the implementation of strategies and policies in socio­ economic development agendas by promoting the implementation of public-private partnership laws. operational procedures, and other legal fran1eworks. 4. Establishing strategic frameworks for supporting the development of micro, small. medium, and large enterprises through generating support for securities listing registration, establishing legal frameworks, and creating the environment conducive for the implementation of new financial mechanisms and instruments. 5. Encouraging banking and financial institutions to develop new financial products in line with market demand, such as agricultural loans with payment options appropriate to seasonal "Pe11tago11al Strati'K)'-P/rao.;e r: du• Royul Government of d1e Senmtlt Legislature of die Natio11a/ A\'\l'11thly 5 °' Unofficial tra11s/a1io11 incomes and so on, as well as encouraging the innovation of financing mechanisms linked to insurance products, especially in agricultural sector, to enhance the financing inclusiveness. 6. Promoting formal registration of businesses, especially micro, small, and medium enterprises, to facilitate financial and banking institutions in providing secure credit services, as well as allowing then1 to receive incentives and interventions. 7. Promoting the diversification of technology-based financial services and mechanisms, with environment, society, and governance being taken into consideration. 8. Building policy frameworks, strategies, and roadmaps for the development of national financing strategies to n1obilize financing and seek out sources of funding to support the implementation of policies, strategies, and agendas of the RGC. 9. Developing and activating mechanisms to encourage people and enterprises to increase don1estic savings in the banking system to provide private sector with the possibility for n1obilizing financing for additional investments. Pentagon 3: Developn1ent of Private Sector and En1ploy1nent Development of private sector and employment is an important policy agenda for driving growth in the context of Cambodia's current socio-economic development process and for the next 25 years. The RGC considers the private sector as the engine of growth and as the 1nost important partner in job creation, generation of creative and innovative ideas, enhancement of productivity, and strengthening of Cainbodia ' s competitiveness in the regional and global markets. In this respect, the RGC focuses on five priorities as follows: l) development of labor market; 2) promotion of micro, small, and 1nedium enterprises, startups, entrepreneurship and development of infonnal econotny; 3) strengthening of public-private partnerships; 4) promotion of competition; and 5) strengthening of banking system and non­ banking financial sector. 56 "Pm11~1.,101uu Stmlt'J.,.'l'- Plut"'-' r: tlu.1 Rrl)w Gmt'rllllU!tll oftlw .~'lnrJ/1 f £Kisla111re '~fdu.1 • \cdio11uJ. ·l."wmhly Um?{ficiul translation Side 1. Development of Labor 1\1arket The strategic objectives are to pron1ote the development of labor 1narket by creating, n1aintaining, and increasing employment for workers, both fonnal and informal, in order to increase incomes, sustain decent living standards and reduce poverty of the people. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: I. Developing additional investn1ent planning, 1nonitoring and evaluation n1echanis1ns for training institutions and 1nodernizing supportive infrastructures for trainings on applied sciences and technologies. 2. Continuing to create job opportunities, expanding employment-seeking services, and career counselling and guidance; continuing to organize job fairs and assigning lead trainers and career focal persons to help with job-seeking at educational institutions. 3. Strengthening the co1npliance and efficiency of the n1anagen1ent of foreign labor in accordance with international standards, establishing 1nechanis1ns for skills transfers to Catnbodian youth, and preventing illegal cross-border labor trafficking. 4. Continuing to strengthen the imple1nentation of apprenticeship obligations including apprenticeship progran1s, internships, upskilling and reskilling, to enhance work productivity. 5. Continuing to strengthen quality and efficiency of labor inspection, professionalizing labor inspectors, and providing a boost for and strengthening inter-institutional inspection niechanis1ns. 6. Continuing to improve the living standards of workers, continuing to raise the 1nini1nun1 wage and other benefits, examining the feasibility of expanding the scope of the 1nini1nu1n wage to other sectors, continuing to install electricity and water supply at an affordable price, and promoting law enforce1nent on special lease. ··PmlLJKmttd Stratt!J.:J • - PIUL'il! /", the Ro) uJ <Im 't.'11111u111t t!fthe S1..~w.·11d1 Lt:gi\/at11tY! t?f dU! \'atio11al A\.v..'111hly 5 7 Unofficial translation 7. Continuing to improve occupational safety and health, introducing occupational safety and health laws, improving the quality of transport, and promoting affordable nurseries, accommodation and canteens in the clusters of factories and SEZs. 8. Continuing to strengthen the harmonization of industrial relations; strengthening capacity and professionalizing mediation officers of tabor disputes and personnel officers; strengthening tabor dispute resolution mechanisms; ensuring the sustainability of Arbitration Council; introducing a tabor court; establishing industrial relations development fund; and launching national campaigns on "An Enterprise, A Community of Peace." 9. Continuing to expand tabor market abroad; preventing illegal Cambodian tabor migration; training and promoting the rights, interests, and dignity of Cambodian migrant workers; developing mechanisms for skills recognition; and activating the mobility of the social security system. Side 2. Promotion of Micro, Small, and l\lediurn Enterprises, Startups, Entrepreneurship, and Developn1cnt of lnforn1al Economy The strategic objectives are to further promote the development of an enabling environment for micro, small, and medium enterprises, and startups, to grow and to be resilient and innovative, contributing to econo1nic growth and job creation, as well as promoting the transition of informal economy into formal economy. ln the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to develop and implement policies, strategies, and regulations; ensuring the improvements of public governance; promoting an enabling environment for micro, small, and medium enterprises, and startups; and promoting effective public service deliveries to all actors in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. 2. Continuing to promote and encourage the enhancement of capacity, business management and entrepreneurial skills for 58 "Pentagmull Strott,,. - PIUL'tl' r: die Roytll Got'L't7UJU!lll ofthe !i<"t'L'lltll l1•gi..Jat111t! oftJw \Ulional ·h"-'rllh/y L:nof/icial translation owners of micro, small, and medium enterprises, and startups~ supporting the mentorship programs from experienced entrepreneurs~ and promoting trainings on competencies and skills for employees in 1nicro, small, and mediutn enterprises, and startups. 3. Continuing to strengthen and expand domestic and global markets for rnicro, s1nall, and medium enterprises, and startups, through the implementation of state support mechanisms and public procurement, as well as providing support and incentives for business networking. 4. Increasing the access to finance for potential micro, sn1all, and medium enterprises, and startups, through the development of new financial products in the credit and financial markets, providing grants and investing in those companies, continuing to expand Entrepreneurship DevcJop1nent Fund (EDF), and encouraging the private sector to invest in micro. small , and 1nediun1 enterprises, and startups. 5. Increasing public invest111ent in digital technology platforms, logistics systems and infrastn1ctures to support tnicro, smaJJ, and medium enterprises and startups that are connected and located in SME clusters, SEZs, or other strategic geographical locations, and encouraging the private sector to invest in these infrastructures. 6. Developing and in1ple1nenting the mechanisms to prornote entrepreneurial and business cultures through mainstreaming entrepreneurial values. pro1noting creativities and inventions, and raising public awareness on risk acceptance. 7. Develop ing and implementing the Strategy on the Development of lnfonnal Economy 2023-2028. Side 3. Strengthening of Public-Private Partnerships The strategic objectives are to further strengthen public-private partnerships, which arc indispensable and effective 1nechanisms to support economic diversification and growth, and to further 'Pmtagmu J SIJvlL't,,.'l - PIUL\e /" the Rt ~I uJ (im ienmu'l I/ o.f tlu1 S<.1n. """ u-xi..JtdW'l! ( !f'tlw \'utiomJ,, h<N.'lt1hly 5 9 Um?fficial translation strengthen the 1nanagement of risks of contingent liabilities arising fron1 the i1nplementation of public investment projects under the public-private partnership mechanism. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to promote awareness and develop the institutional and human resource capacity in n1inistries-institutions related to the design, develop1nent, implementation, and 1nanage1nent of public investn1ent projects through public-private partnership n1echanisms. 2. Pro1noting and developing infrastructures to support the public-private partnership n1arket through the establishtnent of financial support and state support mechanisms, 1nandated by the Law on Public-Private Partnerships and legal instruments in force. 3. Continuing to develop the public investment projects through public-private partnerships, focusing on state-solicited projects related to infrastructure development and in1provement of public service delivery to support econotnic growth, and reduce budgetary pressures and burdens of public debt services. 4. Continuing to promote inter-institutional coordination 1nechanisms to collect project information and data to strengthen analysis and manage1nent of fiscal risks. 5. Formulating a 1nechanis1n to inspect and n1onitor the implementation of public and private obligations in accordance with the public-private partnership agreements and legal instru1nents in force. Side 4. Prornotion of Con1petition The strategic objectives are to further promote fair and just competition by continuing to create a fair, non-discriminatory, and equitable business environment in line with the approach of '"Dynamics of Stakeholder System" to contribute to creating new goods and services and enhancing productivity and efficiency of Ca1nbodian economy. 61) ''Pm1t1go11td Stndl'J....'l' - PIUL'il! r: tire R<1y<d GolY.'171/lrt!lll of die Sl'l'f.'11/lr U?-.i'tiatun.• oftlrt• •\ 'atimud h."\t'ltmly Unofjicial translation In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to enhance the effectiveness of the imple1nentation of the Law on Competition, the Law on Consumer Protection and relevant legal instruments in force, the protection of legal private properties, and the prevention of all business transactions and activities that hinder, restrict, or adversely impact upon the fair and just competition. 2. Continuing to strengthen the institutional capacity, formulate and implement market policies and regulations, and set up n1echanis1ns to 1nonitor and evaluate the nature of businesses, and the 1nergers of businesses of enterprises that have or n1ay have the objective or power to hinder, restrict, or adversely impact upon the fair and just competition or increase monopoly power in the rnarket. 3. Fom1ulating and launching mechanis1ns and legal instrurnents necessary for the effective and efficient 1nanagement and settlen1ents of issues related to the establish1nents, agreements or acts of collusion by enterprises in determining geographical areas for sales of goods or services and maintaining or setting prices higher than competitive inarket prices, which adversely affect the production of new goods and services. 4. Further strengthening the protection of legal intellectual properties and private properties to promote the inventions of new products and services, creativity, and innovation in order to ensure competitive tnarket. 5. Continuing to accelerate the preparation, development, a1nend1nents and implementation of policies, laws and regulations related to competition; and continuing to strengthen the capacity of the Cambodian Competition Commission, business dispute settlement mechanisms, and consu1ner protection mechanisms, in line with the quality, safety and health standards. 6. Designing and implementing the consun1er protection n1echanisms that can play a major role in resolving issues on "Pe1rtago11al Strtdt .. l. - 1'/111 • I , the Royrll Gm vm1111m1 <?/the Serrmh l..1.•gi.v1111m• oftlu• 1YatimuJ/ A.\v.mhly 6 1 Unofficial translatio11 behalf of consu1ners in the event of disputes related to the purchases and sales of goods and services of all kinds. Side 5. Strengthening of Banking Systen1 and Non-Bank Financial Sector The strategic objectives are to further strengthen the banking system and non-banking financial sector to be more efficient, resilient, inclusive, diversified and modernized by continuing to develop legal frameworks, promoting financial deepening, strengthening institutional capacity and financial literacy, and promoting digitalization in these financial sectors. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to implement the Financial Sector Development Strategy 2016-2025, as well as to update this strategy to further develop legal frameworks, financial technology infrastructures and political coordination 1nechanisms, and to enhance the roles of financial intermediation; pro1noting institutional and human capital capacity building in banking and non-banking sectors; and diversifying financial products. 2. Continuing to ensure financial stability by strengthening the management and inspection mechanis1ns of banking and non­ banking financial sectors; sustaining the efforts to combat money laundering and terroris1n financing; reducing shadow banks~ and continuing to promote the use of Riel. 3. Continuing to promote financial literacy through the continuation of public awareness campaigns, curriculum development and financial management trainings for owners and managers of enterprises, especially SMEs, and continuing to promote the implementation of the Cambodian International Financial Reporting Standards (CIFRS). 4. Continuing to develop securities market through the promotion and encouragement of domestic companies who are qualified to issue securities to the public, establishing incentive 6:} .. Pm111gmuu Strurt,..'l' - PIUL\I! r: the R (l IYU ( im"l"tWIU.'111 tljilw Sew111h ' -''J.:iV,lfllll! o/ lht• . \11ri0111u -h<;l.'lllhly L."110//icial rra11slario11 1nechanis1ns to institutional investors, establishing futures exchange 111arket operators, and establishing n1anagen1ent 1nechanis111s for digital asset trading. 5. Pron1oting the developrnent of the derivatives rnarket which is a platfonn to promote financial risk 111anagement and future interest rate setting mechanisms through the establish111ent of legal fra1neworks and supportive infrastructure, and the attraction of liquidity providers. 6. Continuing to develop 1nore insurance products. especiaJly life insurance services and 1nicro-insurance services, through the amendn1ents of legal fran1eworks, setting up necessary standards, strengthening the capacity of insurance regulators, and increasing participation in insurance 1narkcts. 7. Continuing to strengthen the real estate devdop1ncnt sector, especially the housing devclop1nent business and real estate service business, pawn sector and transfers of title for security purpose, through the fonnulation and an1endn1ents of legal fra1neworks, the developrnent of the real estate data n1anage1ncnt syste1n in Carnbodia, and the strengthening of the capacity of technical officers and 1narkct participants. 8. Continuing to develop the trust sector by pro1noting and strengthening law enforcen1ent, pro1noting public awareness: developing new n1arkets, trust operators and trust products ~ and exploring the possibility to set up 1ncchanis1ns for trust 1nanage111ent and operations by using technological innovations. Pentagon 4: Resilient, Sustainable and Inclusive Dcveloprncnt Resilient, sustainable, and inclusive development is a holistic approach and a path to socio-econon1ic transfonnation to ensure that the entire society is well prepared to respond to various challenges and unccrtai nties of globalization, envirornnental sustainability, and clin1ate change. In this regard, the RGC focuses on five priorities: 1) opti1nization of demographic dividends, Unofficial translation strengthening of demographic resilience and promotion of gender equality; 2) sustainable management of natural resources, cultural heritages, and tourism; 3) promotion of agriculture and rural development; 4) strengthening of urban management and modernization; and 5) ensuring environmental sustainability and readiness for responding to climate change as well as promotion of a green economy. Side 1. Optin1ization of Den1ographic Dividends .. Strengthening of Demographic Resilience and Pron1otion of Gender Equality The strategic objectives are to optimize the benefits fro1n demographic dividends, strengthen demographic resilience by further promoting the implementation of the National Population Policy, and to promote women's participation in leadership. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to promote tabor diversification to absorb youth's labor force through the development of technical skills, increasing investment, and the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises, taking into consideration the development of young entrepreneurs, gender equality and self-employment. 2. Continuing to strengthen and expand the scope of reproductive and sexual health services for young people, especially won1en and girls; continuing to implement social protection programs for pregnant won1en and children in poor families; and continuing to promote nutrition for pregnant women and children. 3. Establishing mechanism and savings plans to reduce the risk of financial insecurity for the elderly and to promote investn1ent in the elderly. 4. Increasing investment in gender-related agenda, and empowering won1en and girls in the fields of economy, education, health, and public leadership to take advantage of gender dividends, create favorable conditions for wo1nen to exercise their M "Pt!11tagmwl Slru1'.7.,r - Plra.'il! r: tilt• R'1yal ( ion.'nutU'lll t~filu• St.•wntb I ..egi.Janm• t ~/ilu•. \lllimuu. t\.wmhly L '110//icia/ 1m11s/atio11 rights to decide about fa1nily issues and number of children, reduce the vulnerability of gender-based violence against wo111en and girls, and protnote intergenerational relationships. 5. Pro1noting the introduction of appropriate and tin1ely policy 1neasures, focusing on dernographic changes 1nanifested by changes in population age structure, to ensure that the rates of birth, 1nortality and 1nigration rernain in good condition that can translate into sufficiency of manpower to support the resilient, sustainable, and inclusive socio-econo111ic developn1ent. Side 2. Sustainable l\ilanagement of Natural Resources, Cultural Heritages, and Tourism The strategic objectives are to focus on conservation tor devclop111ent to enhance contribution to the developn1ent of agriculture, industry, and touris1n~ to strengthen 1nineral resource 1nanage111cnt: to ensure the sustainability of forest resources, fisheries, and soil quality~ as well as to ensure the sustainable protection, develop1ncnt and full utilization of cultural heritages and tourisn1. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to pro111ote the i1nplc1nentation of the ''National Policy on Mineral Resources 2018-2028" by continuing to pro1notc invest111ents in extractive industries and supporting industries: 1napping and dernarcation of potential areas with mineral and oil resources and re-operationalization of oil wells~ optimization of national revenue collections~ enhancing governance in resource management and mining~ increasing co1nmunity participation, i111proving the livelihoods of local co1nmunities, and minitnizing enviromnental and social i1npacts~ and strengthening sand conservation and tnanagement mechanisn1s by 1nini1nizing social and environn1ental in1pacts, especially riverbank collapses. 2. Strengthening hannonious and sustainable 1nanage1nent conservation, protection and developn1ent of Catnbodia's important ecosysten1s through the continued management of forest and wildlife resources by maintaining the forest cover of at least ·11e11tago11al Strutcgy- l'htL'll! r: tilt• Rt~IYU (itwemltlt'lll oftlte Sen•11th IA.1,'iSlalltrc' t!filw Ytdimml h'iembly 65 Vno fficial translation 60% of the total land area; reforestation; prevention and timely response to wildfires and conservation of peatlands; promoting the development of environment friendly and sustainable plantations; sustainable reduction of reliance on non-timber forest products; preventing encroachment on forest lands and natural protected areas; promoting the conservation of natural protected areas, forests and wildlife; and cracking down on forest crimes, wildlife trafficking, and natural resource crimes. 3. Improving the management of fisheries resources by promoting the implementation of the Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries; promoting aquaculture; strengthening the manage1nent and development of the fishing communities; promoting the development of capacity and technologies to improve fisheries quality; developing fisheries value chains and export promotion; and strengthening the enforcement of the Law on Fisheries in the fight against illegal fishing. 4. Continuing to promote the management of agricultural land resources through the implementation of national action programs to combat soil degradation, prevent soil corrosion, and enhance soil productivity. 5. Promoting sustainable land use through strengthening the implementation of national land use plans; demarcation and zoning of management areas; registration of natural protected areas; as well as the formulation of management plans for each protected area in accordance with the National Protected Area Strategic Management Plan and the Law on Natural Protected Areas. 6. Promoting the preservation of ecosystems, the protection of biodiversity and the conservation of natural protected areas through the implementation of the National Protected Area Strategic Management Plan; modernization and digitalization of data related to natural protected areas and their geographical locations; encouraging Payment of Ecosystem Services (PES) to M "Pmtugmud Stror£'KY- Phmt' I': tht1 Roynl Gm v.'11t11U.'t1t of'tlrt' St'lt'llllr U'J.,ri.'1an11t' of du• . \atimutl · t.w'111hly Unofficial translation ensure financial sustainability in the management and conservation of natural resources; prevention and suppression of natural resource crimes; the use of nature-based solutions (NBS); and updating data on forest cover, wetlands, peatlands, 1nangrove forests, natural floodplains, and other important ecosystems. 7. Promoting the development of community livelihoods in natural protected areas by linking with tourism through the transfonnation of natural protected areas into tourist attractions~ capacity building for forest communities, communities in the protected areas and the adjacent areas; and equitable benefit-sharing. 8. Managing cultural resources through the approach that maintains balance between development and conservation, especially the development of creative cultures that include components of traditional cultures as defined by the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts who needs to enact a conservation guideline for this purpose. 9. Continuing to strengthen the effectiveness of the conservation of cultural heritages- tangible and intangible­ through reparations, maintaining in safe places, cleaning, inventory registration, registration in the database, and the preparation of certificates of occupancy and state's title deeds; preparation of applications to register Cambodian cultural and historical heritages, as well as natural and geological heritages, on the National and World Heritage Lists, the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Memory of the World Register, and other lists of heritages of UNESCO and/or other international institutions~ promoting regional and global campaigns about these cultural heritages; and continuing to focus on restoring and strengthening the extinct intangible cultural heritages or those with dangers of disappearance. 10. Formulating and implementing policies for the development of eco- and cultural tourism of Cambodia for the medium and long-terms under the approach of "Development for "Pc Royal Geil ien mwu tif d te St." 'f.!lllh I -'-'givfdlllr.' tl{ t1 u· \ atim ud \'\Cltt w Unofjicial translation Conservation, Conservation for Development" to optimize the attraction of tourists, and their lengths of stay through connecting tourism with land and nature. Side 3. Promotion of Agriculture and Rural Developn1ent The strategic objectives are to further strengthen the roles and development of modem, diversified, and resilient agricultural sector that supports rural development in order to ensure food security and safety, increase values added, promote competitiveness, and improve the quality of rura] livelihoods. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to build legal frameworks and policies and strengthening institutions to support and create enabling environ1nent for agriculture sector. 2. Promoting agricultural production with a focus on enhancing productivity, quality, safety, diversity, values added and resilience through research and development of climate-resilient crops, animal breeds and aquaculture that meet the market demand; manage1nent and improve1nents of soil quality; zoning of cultivation areas and mapping of crop cultivation; promoting agricultural insurance services; strengthening entrepreneurship of agricultural communities; deploying agricultural technical officers to local communities; and strengthening modem, intelligent, digital and secure agricultural techniques. 3. Strengthening the rationalization of irrigation investments to ensure water security for agriculture and rural development. 4. Reducing production costs through raising awareness on usage of inputs and quality control, providing low-interest credits, and providing incentives to firms producing domestic inputs. 5. Ensuring price stability of agricultural products through the establishn1ent and strengthening of coordination mechanisms for inonitoring and control, expanding the scope of special financing ()8 "Pl'lrlt,,.,'<mal Stnzt~· - l'IUL'il.' r: dw Royal GtJl"i'l1UtU!ltl oft/re .Selmdr .legi"'1hm• 1!f't/1t.' \(dimral (.\"W.'1t1hly Unofficial translation packages to maintain the price stability for agricultural products, and enhancing the whole value chains of the agriculture sector. 6. Promoting the processing of agricultural products through the improvements and n1odemization of agro-industry; encouraging the investment in processed agricultural products; undertaking a study and creating "'Agro-Industrial Parks in Cambodia" for establishing the clusters of processing enterprises; fostering a stable supply of agricultural products; and continuing concessional financing for investment. 7. Continuing to enhance do1nestic market connectivity and export promotion by promoting support for do1nestic products through their direct use ainong public institutions and the public, strengthening contract farming mechanisms, establishing wholesale and distribution markets for domestic agricultural products, strengthening infrastructure, and 1naximizing benefits from free trade agreements. 8. Continuing the implementation of Rural Development Strategy through the development of physical infrastructure and rural roads; improving the quality of rural road infrastructure, especially the construction of rural roads that are connected with farms and national roads to transform the areas into integrated rural areas; improving living conditions of rural communities; and diversifying rural economy and fostering rural community development, especially promoting multifaceted development and continued promotion of the "One Village, One Product Movement'" and"" Role Model Village Movement". Side 4. Stren2fhening of Urban 1\1anagement and Modernization The strategic objectives are to expand the existing urban areas and to develop new ones in the capital city and provinces; to create public gardens and green parks; and to strengthen urban management and modernization to ensure safety, beauty, good environment. and well-being of people, as well as socio-econo1nic efficiency. ''Pmtagmud Strotegy- P/UL'>i! r: dte RoJul ttm'l'11ll1U.'111 of dre Se1iet11l1 LLgioJa11w of dre 'urimud Awembly 6 Y Unofficial translation In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to deepen land reform by promoting land registration and out-of-court land dispute settlements, developing plans for land management and urbanization at both national and sub-national levels, aimed at streamlining the management and development of land. 2. Strengthening the urban management competency, developing plans for land management and urbanization for municipalities-districts-Khans, communes-Sangkats throughout the country, formulating guiding strategies for land use zoning and management of residences, based on topographic and IT data. 3. Developing infrastructure development master plans for cities and main urban areas to ensure resilience and beauty, promoting public urban transport services; enhancing waste management, handling and processing; creating pedestrian sidewalks and parking spaces; installing traffic signs, CCTV and traffic lights; expanding electricity networks, urban lighting, clean water networks, flood drainage systems, waste water filtration and treatment systems, and urban firefighting system; preserving buildings of historical value; proposing the building of natural and cultural public parks in capital city, provinces or region, which do not incur high operational costs or high costs of maintenance. 4. Stimulating the revival of investment in the construction of the unfinished buildings in Preah Sihanouk province; incentivizing the transformation of those buildings into affordable housing; and focusing high attention to a large-scale policy implementation and considering the establishment of incentive mechanism for encouraging private sector's participations in urban management, especially the urban management related to the development of smart, green or livable cities. 5. Undertaking a study on the feasibility of amending laws and regulations related to land management, urbanization and construction that came into effect in 1994, to be in alignment with Unofficial tra11slatio11 current social, economic, cultural, and environmental context; restoring water reservoirs and sources; introducing laws on wastewater to decrease water pollution; and carrying out a study on riverbank collapses for enhancing urban development and modernization. Side 5. Ensuring Environmental Sustainability and Readiness for Responding to Climate Change, as \\'ell as Pron1otion of Green Economy The strategic objectives are to 1ninimize environ1nental pollution and impact; strengthening water management and climate resilience; and contributing to reduce the impact of the global climate change to ensure sustainable development. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: t. Promoting green development and circular econo1ny through the implementation of a clean and efficient energy policy by continuing to incentivize and encourage investment in affordable clean energy and introducing a s1nart and green agricultural policy, an innovation policy for industrial processes and consumption, a policy for sn1art cities and green transport, a policy for manage1nent of solid, liquid, gas and dangerous wastes; and effectively strengthening environmental impact assessment (EIA) for domestic and cross-border projects. 2. Making a boost for and building water infrastructures, including water treatment systems to ensure water security and environmental sustainability and to respond to climate change. 3. Continuing to increase the use of IT, to promote environmentally friendly and climate friendly practices, such as technologies, the use of nature-based solutions, and the uses of AI 1nodel and technology in the management of water security, environment and so on. 4. Continuing to strengthen laws, regulations and policies related to the environment, water, natural disasters, as well as "Pl'lltago11al StrategJ -1'/UL<;e r: dli! Royal Gtn'L71UIU!1ll nfthe Si..'lt7Idl Lcgislatun• ofthi· \t1tio11aJ .A!>."'>l.'lllbly - , Unofficial translation green diplomacy, to ensure sustainable ecosystem and contribution to the mitigation of climate change. 5. Continuing to develop skills and technology knowledge, as well as carrying out scientific research on environment, green development, water security, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation to clin1ate change, and sustainable use of natural resources; and producing instruction booklets to promote public, school and monastery participations in the implementation of the policy for schools, monasteries, environment friendly, and the policy for "safe village-commune-Sangkat," with good sanitation, beauty and good environment. Pentagon 5: Development of Digital Economy and Society The RGC considers digital technologies as a new important catalyst with potentials and opportunities for enhancing societal and economic productivity, as well as for boosting the efficiency of ad1ninistration. To this end, the RGC has launched Can1bodia Digital Economy and Society Policy Framework 2021-2035 and Cambodia Digital Government Policy 2022-2035. In this sense, the RGC focuses on the following five priorities: l) building digital government and digital citizens; 2) development of digital economy, digital business, e-commerce, and digital innovation system; 3) building and development of digital infrastructures; 4) trustworthiness building in digital system; and 5) development of financial technology. Side 1. Building Digital Go' crnment and Digital Citizens The strategic objectives are to spearhead digital transformation in which the RGC is a role model and steers the adoption of digital technologies through digitalization of public administration and services to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency in the deliveries of services to the people and private sector, and in strengthening data-driven governance. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 7 ~ "Pert1agmwl Stratt~ · - PI Ul."it' I': d w Roye1J G'm tt.TTm u.'ftl <~f I Ju, .5'.."l w.'ft/J 1 I A.gi.'1atun• oft Ju.• \'u:Jimral. h"t'111hly U11<~{ficial translation 1. Strengthening the utilization of existing digital government infrastructures to their maxin1um capacity; and expanding the necessary and prioritized digital government infrastructures. 2. Continuing to develop base registries in public administration with high quality and standards. 3. Continuing to expand the digitalization of public services at national and sub-national levels. 4. Developing common technical standards for the provision of digital public services, interoperability frameworks, security standards and related common technical standards for ministries­ institutions. 5. Continuing to develop common digital enabling platforms that act as enablers for building a unified digital government system. 6. Continuing to strengthen officials' digital capacity through regular trainings and promotion of digital leadership for the manage1nent and officials, and assessment of the establishment of a digital transfonnation unit in ministries-institutions. 7. Building human capital with digital skills through modernizing and finetuning education curricula and digital training programs, and mobilizing and attracting the digital talents from abroad. 8. Continuing to promote digital literacy among citizens, including the inclusion of basic digital skills in education curricula and provision of training programs on digital skills in various sectors. Side 2. Development of Digital Economy, Digital Business, e-Commerce, and Digital Innovation System The strategic objectives are to promote digital transfonnation in the economic sectors~ develop digital startups; and promote the Enterprises Go Digital, the development of digital value chains and e-commerce, and building and development of digital innovation system, to facilitate business and trade, aimed at accelerating econo1nic growth. "Pmtll[.:<mal Stratt•;,:y- PIUL'M.' r: die Rtl)W Gm'l.!nurie11t ofthe St'l¥?1rd1 U!gisluturr! oftlw \'trtitmal ·h""t(m1hlJ ~ 1 Unofficial translation In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to develop high quality, high standard, and prioritized base registries for economic and business sectors; and expanding the digitalization of public services to support the economic and business sectors. 2. Continuing to develop conlll1on digital enabling platforms and digital innovation platforms. 3. Promoting digital startups, digital businesses, and e­ commerce ecosystem to be more vibrant and complementary to one another through market linkages and expansions, expansion of investment, financing, and other supportive programs. 4. Developing and launching the Enterprises Go Digital program. 5. Strengthening trust and compliance, and continuing to address strategic challenges in chains of e-commerce. 6. Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation to enhance business activities, partnerships and linkages in production value chains. 7. Strengthening digital innovation capacity through the development of human resources and talents in science, technology, and innovation, as well as the improvements ofR&D, and innovation in education and training institutions. 8. Introducing laws on digital economy and supportive regulations, and incorporating digital economy into the national account. Side 3. Building and Development of Digital Infrastructures The strategic objectives are to build and expand digital infrastructures, including digital connectivity, telecommunjcations infrastructures and cloud or data centers, aimed at strengthening the quality and efficiency of digital connectivity, information sharing and provision of telecommunications services. ?.J "Pmtagmwl 5imtl?Z}' - P/UL'W.' r: t/ie Royal fim'f.71Ulll711 tftlw Seir!1td1 /.A.'gi:Juture l~fdU! .\(llimwl 1.\~711h/y ( '11n//iciol trc111slatio11 In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Encouraging telecon1nu111ications operators and Internet service providers to in1provc the quality and coverage of services through n1ore investments in infrastructures, especially in areas with high potentials. 2. Continuing to build and develop teleco1nn1unications backbone infrastntctures and distribution networks~ and enhancing digital infrastructure connectivity at national and sub-national levels. 3. Pron1oting investn1ents and the use of the Universal Service Obligation Fund in an efficient, transparent. and accountable 1nanner, to build and expand teleco1nmunications networks and supporting infrastructures for high-speed Internet connections to reduce digital gaps. 4. Assessing the feasibility of increasing the capacity of existing subn1arine and cross-border optical cables, when needed. 5. Continuing to update laws and regulations related to the 1nanage1ne11t of telecon11nunications infrastructures and radio frequency spectnnn resources. 6. Continuing to pron1otc the sharing of telecon1 infrastructures, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. 7. Developing regulatory fra1neworks for cloud infrastructures, by sectors and classifications of data. 8. Pron1oting the uti I ization of national data centers to support digital syste1ns of n1inistrics-institutions that do not have a data ccntcr~ and encouraging private operators to invest in building data centers, with attention given to high standards and security of data. Side 4. Trustworthiness Building in Digital Systcn1 The strategic objectives arc to build trustworthiness in digital system through the developn1ent of infrastructures and institutional fran1eworks for digital security and raising awareness on digital security to promote the widespread use of digital technologies. "Pmto~ollal Slrat<".f. 'l' - PIULV.! r : tlU! Royril Gol't.'111111l'lll oft he St"i'elldl l.RKi-.Jature ofthe '\atimwl ·h."-'11lhly 7 5 l 111official rra11slario11 In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: 1. Continuing to draft, accelerate, and enact draft laws and related regulations. 2. Establishing Digital Security Committee and National Center for Digital Security~ and encouraging 1nore investments in digital security infrastructures and systems. 3. Developing rules and procedures, standards, technical fra1neworks. guiding principles, codes of conduct, and response n1echanisms, as the foundation for developing digital security infrastructures and systems. 4. Developing a framework for re-evaluating loopholes and strengthening digital security systen1s for critical infrastructures. 5. Continuing to provide training on and develop digital security skills~ and raising awareness on digital security to publicly inainstream digital security. self-protection, and anti-cybercrime. 6. Establishing collaboration and cooperation inechanisrns a1nong institutions concerned, including the state, private sector, and the public, to timely report, prevent, institute security n1easures and n1ove towards cybercrime crackdown. 7. Establishing global and regional cooperation frameworks for information sharing and risk manage1nent, related to digital security in both global and regional contexts. Side 5. Development of Financial Technology The strategic objectives are to develop financial technologies by fully grabbing the opportunities and reaping the benefits of digital technologies to promote financial inclusion. financial stability, and financial innovation, through i1nplementing the Carnbodia Financial Technology Development Policy 2023-2028. In the Seventh Legislature, the RGC focuses on the following: I. Preparing for the amendment and n1ore effective enforcement of laws and regulations related to financial technology 6 "Pentagonal Strategy- PIUL\t! r: tlw Royal GtlVl.'17Utl£7'1 of tlie Seit•11J/1 lef:i'ilut11re of tl1'.. \utilmal ;h."'-1'111bly Unoflicial trans/utio11 to build regulatory ecosystems, harmonize functions, and build user trust. 2. Undertaking a study and developing open finance frameworks for sharing and opening data to offer new opportunities for financial technology development and innovation for enterprises and startups in financial technology-related businesses. 3. Continuing to build, modernize, and use digital enabling platforms in financial techno1ogy sector to pro1note financial innovation. 4. Continuing to modernize and finetune digital payment system in an inclusive manner, based on interoperability principles as an ecosysten1 to ensure national sovereignty of financial technologies. 5. Developing regulatory and supervisory technologies to facilitate and strengthen regulatory compliance, as well as to enhance analytical and inonitoring capacity and support proactive and effective risk controls . 6. Developing skills and knowledge, facilitating dissen1ination, fostering collaboration, and expanding research, development. innovation, experiments, and use of new latest technologies in financial technology. 7. Continuing to develop financial technology ecosystem to be n1ore diverse: and strengthening coordination n1echanis1ns for ensuring the interconnectedness and complementarity between banking and non-banking financial technologies. 2.5. Six Priority Policy Programs to be Implemented from 2023 In addition to the strategic priorities above, the RGC sets out six priority policy prograins to be itnplemented from 2023 as follows: Program 1: Providing healthcare services towards the universal health coverage progra1n by starting from: 1) providing healthcare services to about 450,000 at-risk households, consisting "Pmrugrmal Sllut"K)' - PJIU.\l! I : dze Ro) ul Gmicnutwnl ofthe Sen.'lrlf 1 Legi.Ja:11re of die Nllli"'"" 1 wemhly 77 Unofficial translation of tnore than l.5 tnillion people, through health equity fund; and 2) expanding healthcare services under Social Security Funds for both workers and civil servants, which together covers over 3 tnillion family 1ne1nbers and dependents, starting on a voluntarily basis. In sutn, both progran1s will benefit approximately 7.4 1nillion people through Social Security Funds for healthcare services. Progrant 2: Providing nationwide vocational and technical trainings to youth from the poor and at-risk households. The trainings will include over 1.5 million students studying at level-I certificate of technical and professional progra1n at any state­ owned vocational training centers. The students will not pay tuition fees; instead, they will receive stipends. Program 3: Institutionalizing national social security progratn for the poor households, vulnerable members of the poor households, and at-risk households during economic crisis and any emergencies in order to support and provide timely and systematic protection to the people across the country, especially the poor. vulnerable and at-risk households, in accordance with the actual situation of the crises or emergencies. The program will cover over 4.3 tnillion people. Program 4: Enacting and promoting the implementation of the development strategy for the infonnal economy in order to boost its participation in the formal economy and to enable them to receive benefits from the fom1al social protection system through: I) providing protection and creating of enabling enviromnent for business and trade, as well as providing vocational and technical trainings to co1npanies and micro, stnall, and medium enterprises, and 2) providing social protection to self­ employed individuals in the informal economy by primarily focusing on providing healthcare services under the HEF. Program 5: Triggering coordination n1echanisms and financing programs, aiming at promoting production, marketability, 78 °'l'l'llillf..'<11tai Strcllegr- Plw...e r: dre R11yul (imv.'mnu'111 tft/u• .~""'-'"'" I -L'J..>i..Jaturr: of du• \(flio11ai. ·h"W.'1tthly l ·110//icial rrc111slario11 and price stabi Ii ty for agricultural products through allocating a specific a1nount of budget, starting fro1n USO l 00 niillion and tnore, if needed. The progra1n objectives arc to provide ti1nely intervention through schcn1es such as purchasing fr1nn~rs, agricultural products, and price stabilization for agricultural products during harvesting period, especially rice, n1ango, Pai/in longans, cashew nuts, cassava, corn, and other products. Program 6: Deploying agricultural technical staff to con1111unes/Sangkats with high presence of agricultural activities. throughout the country, to enhance agricultural productivity and assist poor fanncrs in in1proving their agricultural products. The Royal Governn1cnt of the Seventh Legislature will also focus on establishing fanncrs' associations in rural areas to uphold farmers' production and increase their bargaining power. "Pt'lt11Igollal SlrtllRKJ·- PhtL'il' r: the Royal Gm~'l11111e111 of tlteSenmth l~'ilanue of dte \'1Jio11al ·h.-..emhly "'C) Unofficial translation PART III In implementing the Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I, the RGC pays close attention and is cotnmitted to continue its efforts with confidence and ownership in carrying out its own role in a proactive, active, and interactive manner, to implement the policy tneasures and act as a strategist and guiding actor, based on the approach of Dynamics of Stakeholder System, thus enhancing synergy, capability, coordination, responsibility, and participation fro1n all stakeholders. In this regard, the RGC puts forth the tnechanisms for expediting implementation, coordination mechanisms, and the monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, as follows: 3.1. Implementation Mechanisms Mechanis1ns for expediting implementation place a strong emphasis on the ability to make interconnected and complementary use of the existing organizational structure, resource mobilization, dissemination and advocacy, fonnulation of action plans and KPls, and develop1nent of budget plans, in accordance with budget affordability and linked to policy n1easures of the strategy. Ministries-institutions are the key and central actors in the direct i1nplementation of this strategy. Ministries-institutions shall develop the relevant organizational structure, allocate resources and officials, and coordinate capacity building of institutions and officials responsible for implementing the strategy. Meanwhile. with the coordination of the institution to be designated by the RGC to lead the coordination in the i1nplementation, monitoring, and evaluation of this strategy, all ministries-institutions shall co­ organize and imple1nent programs to disseminate the Pentagonal Strategy widely and regularly to government institutions and units, both at national and subnational levels, development partners, private sector, as well as the general public, to raise awareness and rally participation to implement this strategy by all forces. "Pmtagrma/ ~· - Pha."R I", die Royal Go 'l'11ut1C111 ofdie Seventh /..Lgi.'iatJue of dll! i\'otitmal A'N!nrbl) • 81 U11ojficial tra11slatio11 At the san1e ti1ne, the Ministry of Planning shall lead and coordinate an1ong n1inistries-institutions at the technical level to prepare action plans and KPls, which shal 1 be cross-referenced, aligned, and streamlined in the preparation of the NSDP 2024-2028 and other sectoral develop1nent plans. Such coordination wi1l also require participation of various institutions related to policymaking, budgeting, and specialized entities to ensure coherence, efficiency, and synergy between the intersectoral and interconnected activities. ln addition, in developing policies, progran1s, and projects of ministries-institutions, they shall firmly correspond to policy measures of the strategy and ensure their complementarity with the action plans. Moreover, the ministries-institutions shall develop budget strategic plans and annual budget plans in accordance with the affordability of national budget and linked the111 to the policy 1neasures of the strategy, action plans, prograins, and projects by combining and utilizing resources with efficiency, accountability, and transparency, especially in expediting the implementation of 1neasures or policy priority progra1ns that are key or catalytic to producing multiple development results. 3.2. Coordination Mechanisms The successful implementation of the strategy requires a skilful and dynamic leadership of the RGC that actively plans ahead and proactively executes n1easures that are flexible and timely responding to changing circumstances, assu1ning both shared responsibility as a single entity of the RGC and the individual responsibility of each ministry-institution. In this regard, the RGC leads the implementation of the overall strategy, focusing on providing guidance, revising policy measures, and introducing new policy n1easures needed to achieve the strategic objectives. The RGC shall designate an institution to lead and coordinate the forn1ulation of action plans, and the compilation of the progress report concerning the implen1entation of the strategy, as well as its monitoring, controlling, and evaluation. Furthermore, the RGC shall establish a con1petent inter-111inisterial committee or council If] "Pmt1q,•mUJi Stlrllt'.%0'- Plra.'tl! /", du.• RO)ul GmM?111w111 ofthe Seretlllr / ,,egisf{f/urr! qfilu.• ,\'utimUJ/A.\"'i(!mhly Unojficial translation to coordinate the promotion of implementation of priorities that are inter-ministerial, inter-institutional or cross-sectoral in nature. In particular, the RGC shall focus on priorities that are in slow or little progress and are cross-sectoral or inter-ministerial in nature, through enhanced collaboration, cooperation, and coordination in addressing overlapping issues to facilitate the progress of implementation efficiently, effectively, and in an interconnected and complin1entary 1nanner. At the sa1ne time, the tninistries-institutions sha11 be proactive and active, and cooperate closely with all stakeholders in planning, implementing, assessing progress, and evaluating, as well as adhering to the analogical approach related to good governance, namely "self-reflection, showering, scrubbing, treatment and surgery." This necessitates regular capacity building for officials responsible for the implementation of the strategy, particularly through trainings and orientations. Furthermore, feedback, inputs and suggestions obtained from government entities, development partners, the private sector and the public, serves as additional n1echanisn1s to reflect on work activities, respond to requests, and expedite the implementation of the strategy. 3.3. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms Monitoring and evaluation is the tools not only to guide and refine policy n1easures but also to guide and refine the implementation process. In this regard, the RGC establishes an evidence-based monitoring and evaluation frainework to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the Pentagonal Strategy. fn accordance with overarching guidelines that will be launched later, all n1inistries-institutions are required to develop and implement programs or principles for their internal monitoring and evaluation by fostering dialogues, digging into and addressing challenges, setting out corrective n1easures, tracking progress and evaluating the effectiveness of implementation efforts, as well as preparing and compiling KPls with clearly defined timeframes, and establishing clear goals and measurement methods for those KPls. "Pmtogo11a/ Stml'-"KJ'- PluL'ii! / ", tJu.• Rt~IW Govenmumt of tJie ~'!!nth Lt.•gi<Jll1l11Y! oftlw f\'ationa/ h'\l. ?11/Jly ,\ 3 Unofficial translation Under the framework of these monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, ministries-institutions are required to prepare an annual progress report on the implementation of the strategy in accordance with their respective responsibilities. Subsequently, the institution responsible for the overall coordination of monitoring and evaluation shall prepare an annual progress report on the implementation of the entire strategy to be submitted to the plenary meeting of the Council of Ministers and publicize the report after approval by the RGC. Moreover, the RGC shall conduct mid-term and end-of-term evaluations on the goals or impacts of the strategy on socio­ econo1nic development at a strategic level, which is a comprehensive assessment based on the achievements made in relation to the five mottos, five strategic objectives, and five key priorities of the Pentagonal Strategy. The results of these assessn1ents will serve as critical inputs for shaping and launching the subsequent stages of the Pentagonal Strategy, particularly for guiding and implementing the ineasures needed to address the challenges and promote the implementation more efficiently and comprehensively. 8./ "Petrtagmra/ Stratem•- Plra."il! /", the Rt1Jul Goven1ment<ifdu!Seifflll1 Legi.</atureoftlre .'\Utitmal.-t\.Ynrbly Unofficial translation CONCLUSION Over the last 25 years, after achieving full peace, national unity, and territorial integrity through the implementation of Win-Win Policy of Samdech Akka Moh a Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, the RGC successfully implemented the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy, producing tremendous achievements in all spheres of politics, society, and econo1ny, thus allowing Ca1nbodia to renew its image with great pride. Specifically, Cambodia, once ravaged by the tragedy of war and plagued by poverty, has beco1ne a country with full peace and resilience, lifting millions of people out of poverty, and becoming a lower middle­ inco1ne country. At present, Cambodia is on the development trajectory full of hopes, vitality, strengths, and confidence. The next 25 years will be a new cycle for Cambodia, and the country aspires to take its national pride to new heights as it did during the Angkor era, by building a nation that is strong. vital, glorious, and prosperous, and to become a high-income country by 2050. In this regard, in the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly, the RGC introduces the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I to accelerate econornic growth, create jobs, ensure equity, promote efficiency, and maintain sustainability. Overall. the Pentagonal Strategy is a forward-looking strategy for the next 25 years, which is formulated, presented, and implemented in five phases in a subsequent rnanner. and will be directed and calibrated according to the RGC's Political Programs of each legislature. In each phase, the strategy will be revised based on actual national, regional, and global realities, as well as the implementation experiences from earlier phases, with the aim of achieving the nation-building objectives as set out in the Cambodia Vision 2050. The Pentagonal Strategy-Phase r for Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability has two key historic missions: first, to safeguard and nurture peace that is hard-won through invaluable sacrifices while promoting economic growth "Pentagf1nal Stmttm'- Pha.'M! r: dw Rnyul Gtll'l.'1'11nll.'111 of die Sewlrt/1 L.~<Jatlll'f! ofthe Satitmal ""h"'-"'zhlJ' S 5 Unofficial translation and overall development; and second, to build and strengthen the foundations to accelerate national development to achieve the niilestone of becoming an upper iniddle-income country by 2030, and subsequently move forward to achieve the Cambodia Vision 2050 through strengthening the resilience of the five sectors, namely public sector, economic sector, financial sector, hun1an and social capital sector, and environment sector and climate change response. The Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I shall be implemented, in accordance with the approach of Dynamics of Stakeholder System, which requires all ministries-institutions under the RGC, both national and sub-national, to work together in an energetic collaboration and coordination, with synergy and c01nplemen­ tarity, as well as flexibility to changes of realities to achieve the set priority objectives. In this regard, the Pentagonal Strategy­ Phase I clearly presents the Cambodia's Socio-economic Policy Agenda for the implementation of the Political Platform of the Royal Government of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly in the next five years, focusing on the following Five Strategic Objectives: 1. Ensuring crisis-resilient econon1ic growth of around 7% per year on average. 2. Creating more jobs, both quantity and quality, for Can1bodian people, especially for youth. 3. Achieving the poverty reduction targeting of below I 0% and continuing to reduce the poverty rate to a minimum. 4. Continuing to strengthen governance capacity and enhan­ cing institutional quality, both at national and sub-national levels, aimed at ensuring efficiency of public services, as well as streng­ thening private sector governance, and continuing to promote environn1ent conducive to businesses, investment, and trade. 5. Ensuring sustainable socio-economic development and building resilience to cli1nate change. 86 "Pe11tago11al Strategy - l'/111.i.;e r: tire Royrd Gmt"t11111t.'1rt of die 5'.>1'f!111l1 /..egi.Juture of dre . VatimuJf. ·h"-~'lhlJ · l. '110/ficial rramlarion With the Five Mottos, namely Growth, Employment, Equity~ Efficiency, and Sustainability, as well as the Five Strategic Objectives as n1entioned above, the RGC has identified Five Key Priorities for the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I, naincly People, Road, Water, Electricity, and Technology that arc clearly reflected in the Five Strategic Pentagons in the whole structure of the strategy, the Core of the Strategy, and the Overarching Environment to ensure a favorable environn1ent for the in1ple1nentation of the entire strategy. The con1bination of the Core of the Strategy, the Overarching Environment and the Five Strategic Pentagons are con1parable to production function where the i1nplen1entation of inter-connected 1neasures will lead to the increase in aggregate econon1ic productivity. labor productivity and invest111ent, as well as the efficiency of invcst1nent in ccono1nic capital. Aggregate productivity wi II be increased through con1bined 1neasures that are reflected in the core of the Strategy focusing on institutional refom1s, and strengthening of institutional capacity, and in the Overarching Enviromncnt which focuses on creating favorable enviromnent for socio-ccono1nic dcvelopn1ent. Labor and capital productivity will be enhanced through the Five Strategic Pentagons, which includes I) hu1nan capital dcvelop1nent; 2) cconon1ic diversification and con1petitivcness enhancen1ent; 3) develop1nent of private sector and en1ploy1nent; 4) resilient, sustainable, and inclusive developn1cnt; and 5) developn1ent of digital ccono111y and society. Within this fran1ework. the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I introduces priority work directions, which include: strengthening institutional governance. effectiveness and capability: sustaining economic growth and modernizing economy; creating jobs, both quality and quantity: pro111oting private sector and entrepreneurship; building hutnan capital with more focus on quality education. healthcare services. and social ethics; enhancing social protection services and people's well-being, particularly for at-risk households and vulnerable groups; strengthening quality of urbanization, especially narrowing urban-rural gaps; reinforcing "Pt'111i1go11af Slrall'f.{J'-PhLLV! r: tlw Rt~lW GmY.711/IU!lll OfilteSewmth legislallm• ojth£' \'utim1al ·hvmhly \ ~ Unofficial translation sustainable environment and responses to climate change; as well as promoting digital transformation ofboth society and economy. At the sa1ne time, the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I also sets high priority and urgency on promoting the implementation of the following Six Priority Policy Programs of the Royal Government of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly starting from 2023: 1. Expanding healthcare services towards achieving universal health coverage; 2. Providing vocational and technical trainings for the youth from poor and vulnerable households nationwide; 3. Institutionalizing national social assistance program for the poor households, vulnerable people from the poor households, and at-risk households during econon1ic crises and emergencies; 4. Formulating and accelerating the implementation of the strategic development of the informal economy to enable them to participate in the formal economy and grasp the benefits from formal social protection system; 5. Introducing coordinating mechanism and financing program to enhance production, explore market access, and 1naintain price stability for agricultural products at a reasonable level; and 6. Deploying agricultural technical officers to all communes/Sangkats with agricultural activities nationwide and formulating farmer associations in rural areas. In addition, the RGC also introduces the mechanisms to expedite implementation, coordination mechanisms, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure high efficiency in implementing the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I. The mechanisms for expediting implementation focus on inter­ connected and complementary capabilities in utilizing structures, mobilizing resources, disseminating, and enhancing awareness, 8X ·• PmJagmtal Slrutt.'1{}'- Pha.'ii! r: dw Royul Gtll't'1W,ll'111 ojihe Snmth leKi-w1111re ofdw .Vutio11t1l. { \.~w1hly Unofjicia/ translation developing action plans and KPis; as well as planning budget in line with the affordability of national budget and linking it to policies set out in this strategy. Institutional mechanism emphasizes on role and capability of responsible ministries-institutions under overall leadership and coordination of an institution of the RGC in developing action plans, consolidating the progress of the implementation of the strategy, guiding, adjusting 1neasures, and introducing new measures, as well as monitoring and evaluating. Meanwhile, the RGC also establishes a competent inter-ministerial committee or council to oversee and coordinate the implementation of priorities that are inter-ministerial or inter-sectoral in nature. In this sense, special attention shall be given to priorities that are in slow or little progress and are inter-ministerial or inter-sectoral in nature, through the promotion of coordination and cooperation, as well as facilitation to address overlapping issues, and ensure that implementation can be facilitated effectively, efficiently, and in a coordinated and complementary 1nanner. Overall, Cambodia indeed has utmost pride with the achieve1nents of full and everlasting peace over the past 25 years; and under this harmonious shade of the peace, Ca1nbodia has made many invaluable and tremendous accomplishments, and undergone major historic transformations, thereby improving people's livelihoods and elevating the nation's prestige on regional and global stages through the introduction and successful implementation of the Triangular Strategy and the Four-Phase Rectangular Strategy. Building on these remarkable achievements and looking ahead to the next 25 years, the RGC introduces the Pentagonal Strategy-Phase I for Growth, Employment, Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability as the socio-economic policy agenda of the Political Platforn1 of the Seventh Legislature of the National Assembly to ensure an uninterrupted progress for Cambodia. Based on the past experiences of fulfilling noble missions of rescuing, protecting, building and developing the nation with unwavering determination, relentless will, and tenacious efforts by "Pmtagonal Sllllh.XJ'- Plw.<t1.' r: the Rt!lW Gmmutll'1ll of the S1..•w?ult Legislature' 1iftlu' 7\'utiimul A \"'£7tthly .'19 Um4ficial translation adhering to the commit1nent to safeguard, protect, and accumulate more national achievements, while putting the interests of the nation and people first, and with the support of development partners and other stakeholders, as well as the acti ve participation of the people fron1 all walks of life, the RGC firmly believes in its ability to overcon1c all challenges, obstacles, and crises, in leading the Can1bodian society on the path towards greater development, progress, and prosperity, with the building of a solid and resilient foundation to 1nove forward with confidence towards realizing the Can1bodia Vision 2050. ~fC)~.)@03~03 90 "Pt'1tlJ1gonal StrulLW - Pita"<' r: tire Royul Gon.?WIU'lll of die S<wntlt l-1..•gi.vature of dw 1\'11timw/A.\'it.'11thly Diagram or ""The Pentagonal Strategy - Phase I" for Gro~th. Employment. E(1uity, Eflicicnc~, and Sustainability