National Plan of Action to prevent, deter and eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Marine Fishing (NPOA-IUU) 2020-2024

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING National Plan of Action to prevent, deter and eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Marine Fishing (NPOA-IUU) 2020-2024 ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA i CONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... iii Preface ............................................................................................................................................................ iv Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. vi 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Back ground ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. National Laws, and Strategic Development Plan ................................................................................ 1 1.3. International actions to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing ........................................................ 2 1.4. Regional concerns about IUU fishing .................................................................................................. 3 1.5. Marine Fisheries of Cambodia ............................................................................................................ 3 1.7. Fisheries management arrangements ................................................................................................ 7 1.8. The framework and scope of the NPOA-IUU ...................................................................................... 8 2. Objectives and Strategies ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Strategies ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.1. Promote Cambodia's responsibility as state .................................................................................... 9 2.2.2. Promote Cambodia's responsibilities as a coastal state .................................................................. 9 2.2.3. Promote Cambodia's responsibility as a flag state .......................................................................... 9 2.2.4. Implement Port State Measurement ................................................................................................ 9 2.2.5. Implement measures related to internationally agreed trade ........................................................... 9 2.2.6. Increasing and strengthening cooperation with international institutions ......................................... 9 3. Action Plan and Schedule Implementation Activities in the Legal and Related Sectors ........................... 10 3.1. Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Action Plan ............................................................................................................................................. 10 1. All State Responsibilities ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. International Instruments ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. National Legal Framework ................................................................................................................ 11 1.2.1. Legislation .................................................................................................................................. 11 1.2.2. State Control over Nationals ...................................................................................................... 12 1.2.3. Penalties/Sanctions ................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.4. Economic Incentives .................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.5. Cooperation between States ..................................................................................................... 12 2. Cambodia's Coastal State Responsibilities .......................................................................................... 13 2.1. Management of fisheries resources .................................................................................................. 13 2. 2. Authorization of Cambodian vessels to fish in the marine waters .................................................... 14 2.3 Authorization for foreign vessels to fish in Cambodian waters .......................................................... 14 2.4 Measures to control fishing related activities ..................................................................................... 15 2.5 Monitoring Control and Surveillance (MCS) ....................................................................................... 15 3. The Responsibilities of Cambodia as A Flag State .............................................................................. 17 3.1 Fishing Vessel Registration and Record of Fishing Vessels in the EEZ of another State or on the High seas .................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Authorization to Fish in the EEZ of another State and the high seas ................................................ 18 3.3. Measure to control fishing related vessels ........................................................................................ 18 4. Port State Measures ............................................................................................................................ 18 4.1. Use of Port State Measures (PSM) ................................................................................................... 18 4.2. Procedures for foreign vessels found to be IUU vessels .................................................................. 19 4.3. Cooperation with port State/RFMOs ................................................................................................. 19 5. Internationally- Agreed Market Related Measures ............................................................................... 20 Catch Documentation Schemes ............................................................................................................... 20 6. Cooperation with RFMOs and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing ............................................ 21 Non-party compliance .............................................................................................................................. 21 7. Special Requirement of Developing Countries .................................................................................... 21 Capacity development within ASEAN ...................................................................................................... 21 8. Reporting .............................................................................................................................................. 21 4. Expenditure Plan ................................................................................................................................... 23 5. Monitoring, Control and Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 30 ii 6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 30 Appendix 1: The vessel current registration and licensing process .............................................................. 31 Annex 2. The Three-Year Specific Action Plan of the NPOA-IUU in The Kingdom of Cambodia, 2020-2022 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 33 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 34 2. Action Plan ................................................................................................................................................ 34 A. Priority activities, key indicators and implementing institutions ........................................................... 34 B. Detailed 3-years Specific Action Plan .................................................................................................. 34 1. All State Responsibilities ...................................................................................................................... 34 2. Coastal State Responsibilities .............................................................................................................. 35 3. Cambodia's Flag State Responsibilities ............................................................................................... 39 4. Port State Measures ............................................................................................................................. 40 5. Internationally-agreed Market Related Measures ................................................................................ 41 6. Cooperation with RF MOS and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing ............................................ 41 7. Special Requirements of Developing Nations ...................................................................................... 41 8. Reporting .............................................................................................................................................. 41 C. Table of prioritize actions, Key Performance Indicators and Responsible Institutions ........................ 43 D. Table of prioritize actions, and budgets ............................................................................................... 47 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 References .................................................................................................................................................... 54 iii FOREWORD The Royal Government of Cambodia has announced the implementation of the Phase 4 Rectangular Strategy- a social and economic policy agenda for the 6th Legislature of the National Assembly, which is an effective policy instrument that has secured outstanding achievements and opportunities under the principle of prioritizating Cambodia's successfully transition from a low­ income, low-income country to a low-middle-income nation in 2015, and towards the ambitious goal of becoming a high-middle income nation by 2030 and a high-income country by 2050. Illegal, unreported and unauthorized fishing is a serious problem in the global fisheries sector, undermining long-term efforts to manage the conservation and sustainability of fisheries resources. This situation has led to the loss of both short and long-term social and economic opportunities, resulting in the loss of income for coastal communities and coastal state economies and negatively impacting food security and environmental protection. Cambodia's response is the National Plan of Action (NPOA),to prevent, deter and eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unauthorized Marine fishing, 2020-2024 , which has been prepared based on the International Action Plan, the Regional Action Plan and ASEAN guidelines on preventing the importation of fishery products from illegal, unreported and unauthorized fishing, into production chains. The objectives of the National Plan of Action to prevent, deter and eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, are to combat the illegal, unreported and unauthorized fishing through implementing comprehensive, effective, transparent measures and regulations that are an integral part of fisheries management programs. This NPOA focuses on main activities such as, revising the fisheries legal system, drafting relevant legal standards, preparing and approving inspection plans and the inspection of marine fisheries, and fishing ports, the training of observers and inspectors, reporting obligations and the tracking and recording of fishing vessel movements. The benefits of this NPOA will include, reducing illegal fishing practices, ensuring the welfare of fish stocks and increasing fisheries production, increasing profits that will lead to improved livelihoods, and reducing conflicts between fishers., reducing patrol costs and increasing market and trading opportunities. Moreover, this NPOA is an expression of Cambodia's willingness to participate in preventing illegal, unreported and unauthorized fishing in hand with the ASEAN and international community. On behalf of the Royal Government of Cambodia, I officially approve this document for national implementation by all ministries, institutions, sub-national administrations, private sector development partners, communities, citizens and stakeholders as a key means to address the above challenges. I would like to thank all the contributors for their efforts in helping the Government to develop this important NPOA-IUU and I hope and expect that all relevant institutions, especially development partners, will be involved in support the effective implementation of the national action program and accomplish the results as planned, with high responsibility for the interests of the motherland's marine fisheries in line with the vision and policy of the Royal Government of Cambodia. Phnom Penh, 28 July 2020 Samdach Akkak Moha Sena Padei Decho Hun Sen Prime Minister of Kingdom of Cambodia iv PREFACE Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is recognized as one of the most severe problems affecting world fisheries and the main obstacle in achieving sustainable fisheries globally. It is estimated that IUU fishing accounts for almost one third of the total catch in some important fisheries. A recent estimate for Cambodia put losses through IUU fishing at 26,500 - 37,500 tonnes, valued at USO 27 - 56 million· In response to this growing problem, a number of global and regional responses have been initiated to help combat IUU fishing. At the global level, these include United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982; Agreement relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks; The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries; Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing; FAQ Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Alleviation (2015); and the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. At the Southeast Asian regional level, these include the Regional Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing in the Region (RPOA-IUU), and the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center's ASEAN Guidelines for Preventing the Entry of Fish and Fishery Products from IUU Fishing activities into the Supply Chain address regional concerns. Both the IPOA-IUU and the RPOA-IUU call upon States to develop National Plans of Action to address IUU fishing and in response, Cambodia has developed this NPOA-IUU, involving extensive consultations over a number of years. There are many IUU issues in the marine fisheries of Cambodia that are linked to IUU fishing by both national and foreign vessels, that have resulted in the overcapacity of fishing effort. This overcapacity has lead to increased illegal activities that have not been controlled because of weak monitoring, control and surveillance. In the past, some fishing vessels and transport/re-supply vessels flying the Cambodian flag, have been reported to be involved in IUU activities by several regional fisheries management organizations. ,The issuing of these flags of convenience ceased in 2015. This NPOA-IUU sets out the actions that need to be taken by Cambodia to combat IUU fishing in marine waters, and highlights the need for regional and global cooperation to effectively combat what is essentially a regional and global issue. The NPOA-IUU is supported by a Marine Fisheries Management Policy Statement; a National Plan of Control and Inspection; and a three­ year implementation plan that sets out the timeline for the implementation of priority actions, targets, key performance indicators and responsible agencies. It is hoped that through the implementation of this NPOA-IUU, Cambodia's marine fisheries will contribute more to the sustainable development in Cambodia, and in particular, benefit the many fishers and coastal fishing communities that are dependent on marine resources for their livelihoods. Phnom Penh, 30 June 2020 Minister Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries H.E. Veng Sakhon v Abbreviations APEC APFIC AMS ASSDP ASEAN CFi CITES EEZ FAQ FAQ CCRF FiA IPQA IPQA-IUU IUU fishing MAFF MCS Mou MPWT NACA NPQA NPQA-IUU NSDP PSM RFMQs RPQA-IUU SEAFDEC SPFF UNCLQS UNFSA VMS Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia Pacific Fisheries Commission ASEAN Member State Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan Association of South East Asian Nations Community Fishery Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Exclusive Economic Zone Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAQ Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Fisheries Administration International Plan of Action International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, unreported, and unregulated Fishing Illegal, unreported, and unregulated Fishing Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Monitoring, control and surveillance Memoranda of understanding Ministry of Public Works and Transport Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific National Plan of Action National Plan of Action to prevent, deter and eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Marine Fishing National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018 Port State measures Regional Fisheries Management Organizations Regional Plan of Action to promote responsible fishing practices including combating Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in the Region South East Asian Fisheries Development Centre The Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea United Nations Fish Stock Agreement Vessel monitoring system vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The fisheries sector for Cambodia has for many years contributed significantly to the employment and livelihoods of the poor, as well as to national food security, GDP and foreign exchange earnings. In 2017 fisheries production was over 120,000 tonnes. estimated to be worth around US$200-300 million per year at the point of landing and fisheries harvesting, processing and trade and contributing 6-8% to GDP. However, the marine fisheries resources of Cambodia are, threatened by illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, which is now recognized globally as one of the most severe problems affecting world fisheries and the main obstacle to achieving sustainable fisheries. It is estimated that IUU fishing accounts for almost one third of total catches from some important fisheries. A recent estimate for Cambodia puts annual losses at 26,500 37,500 tonnes valued at USO 27 - 56 million. Since the 1990s, the international community has recognized the need for global, regional and national actions to combat IUU fishing, resulting in the development of the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-IUU) in 2000. At the Southeast Asian regional level, the Regional Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Region (RPOA-IUU) and the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center's (SEAFDEC) ASEAN Guidelines for Preventing the Entry of Fish and Fishery Products from IUU Fishing activities into the Supply Chain, address regional concerns. The National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Marine Fishing (NPOA-IUU), 2020-2024, is the recognition by Cambodia that IUU fishing is a serious international and national threat to marine fisheries resources. There are many IUU issues in the marine fishery of Cambodia to be addressed, including unregulated fishing by both national and foreign vessels resulting in overcapacity and leading to increased illegal activities that are not controlled due to weak monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS). In the past, some fishing vessels and transport/re-supply vessels flying the Cambodian flag have been reported to be involved in IUU fishing activities by several regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). The issuing of these flags of convenience (FOCs) ceased in 2015 and became effectively from 31 August 2016. The NPOA-IUU was developed in accordance with the Regional Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing in the Region (RPOA-IUU), and introduces several measures to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing in Cambodia's waters. The Action Plan in conjunction with the National Action Plan, includes key performance indicators that can be used to monitor and evaluate progress. Prioritized actions assume the availability of government funds, (including budget support funding through the CAPFISH - Capture Project, supported by the European Union). The table below outlines NPOA-IUU, priority actions and years of implementation. Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Prepare and ratify international agreements on FAO Port ✓ ✓ State Measures Agreement and the UN Fish Stocks Agreement Continue to review and amend the Fisheries Law and to ✓ ✓ ✓ develop other fisheries legal documents to serve the marine fisheries sector vii Develop a comprehensive Marine Fisheries Management ✓ ✓ Plan Review port sampling, data collection and analyses systems ✓ ✓ Develop a fisheries information system for fisheries ✓ ✓ management and policy decision making, including sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and RFMOs Survey, register and license all large-scale and medium-scale ✓ ✓ ✓ fishing vessels Register and license small-scale fishing vessels ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Through cooperation with Thailand and Viet Nam, promote ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ and enforce no foreign fishing in non-disputed Cambodian waters Agree on common fisheries conservation and management ✓ measures in overlapping claim area and historic water Register and license vessels and vehicles involved in ✓ ✓ transport and export of fish and fish products Develop and implement a National Plan of Control and ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Inspection for Marine Fisheries Cooperate to Conduct a cosUbenefit analysis on the re- ✓ ✓ opening of an international ship register If cost-effective, develop a registration and licensing system ✓ for Cambodian flagged vessels to fish in another State's marine waters or the high seas that includes effective control and inspection mechanisms Implement the FAO Port State Measures Agreement, ✓ ✓ including designating ports and inspection measures Adapt and trial the SEAFDEC ASEAN catch documentation ✓ ✓ ✓ scheme 1 1. Introduction 1.1. Back ground Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is recognized globally as one of the main challenges to sustainable fisheries. It has been estimated that IUU fishing is costing the World around USO 10 - 23 billion per year1. Annually, illegal fish catches taken by foreign vessels in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of Asian countries is estimated as 2.1 - 2.5 million tonnes valued at USO 3.7 - 5.2 billion. A recent estimate for Cambodia put losses at 26,500- 37,500 tonnes valued at USO 27 - 56 million2, per year. IUU activities include; fishing without authorization in EEZ waters of other States; contravention of international and national laws, rules and regulations specifying technical or management measures; flags of convenience; incorrect documentation; and in some cases, targeting of endangered, threatened or protected species. IUU fishing has also been associated with organized trans-national maritime crime such as people smuggling, marine wildlife trading, and drugs and weapons trafficking. There are many benefits that can be derived from reducing IUU fishing. These include healthier fish stocks and increased catches; increased profits resulting in improved livelihood for the small­ scale fishers and their families; less conflict between small- and larger-scale fishers; less need for expensive patrol boats; and increased trade opportunities (for example lifting the "red card" for Cambodia so that fish products can be exported to the European Union). There are a number of global and regional initiatives to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. For the Asia-Pacific region the three important initiatives are; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation's (FAQ) International Plan of Action - IUU (IPOA-IUU); the Regional Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices Including Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in the Region (RPOA-IUU); and Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center's (SEAFDEC) ASEAN Guidelines for Preventing the Entry of Fish and Fishery Products from IUU Fishing activities into the Supply Chain. Cambodia's National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Marine Fishing (referred to as the NPOA - IUU in the subsequent text) has been developed in accordance with the principles and provisions of these international and regional plans of action and guidelines. 1.2. National Laws, and Strategic Development Plan Fisheries Law, 2006 The first fisheries law in Cambodia was the Fiat Law on Fisheries Management that came into force in March 1987. The current law is the Law on Fisheries that came into force in May 2006. This law is currently undergoing revision (see 3.2.1 ). The Law on Fisheries' 109 articles include definitions, management of fisheries exploitation (articles 30-38), exploitation of marine fisheries (articles 45 52), licensing (articles 70 - 71 ), procedures for solving fishery offences (article 72 - 85), and penalties (articles 86 - 104) and enforcement of the court judgement (articles 105 - 107). The current law contains a number of specific management measures relating to prohibited fishing gears, area closures, including areas closed to trawling, seasonal closures and mesh size limitations. The National Strategic Development Plan: NSDP 2014 - 2018, includes four major reform areas to promote good governance: 2 i. fighting corruption; ii. legal and judicial reforms; iii. public administration reforms (including decentralisation and deconcentration); and iv. reform of the armed forces, as well as that of other reform programs including fisheries. The NDSP recognises the many challenges that still exist, including illegal fishing. The Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan (ASSDP) 2014-2018 focuses on the sustainable management of natural resources, including forestry and fisheries resources, with the aim of accelerating economic growth and reducing poverty in the Cambodian population. The Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries (SPFF) 2010 - 2019, is an update of the SPFF 2015 -2024 and Cambodia Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries all recognize IUU as an urgent problem that needs to be addressed. The SPFF 2015-2024 specifically refers to "a significant emphasis that will be placed on building the capacity within FiA to reverse the trend in illegal fishing activities across the sector, through effective legislation and enforcement capacity". Support will also be provided to assist the private sector to better understand the regulations and the consequences of non-compliance. 1.3. International actions to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing The IPQA-IUU provides guidance on measures to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU, including measures implemented through appropriate regional fishery management organizations (RFMQs) or arrangements established in accordance with international law. The IPOA-IUU was adopted by consensus at the Twenty-fourth Session of CQFI on 2 March 2001 and endorsed at the Hundred and Twentieth Session of the FAQ Council on 23 June 2001. One important action in the IPOA­ IUU is the call for States to develop and implement NPQAs-lUU, to further the objectives of the IPQA-IUU and to include IUU focused actions as an integral parts of their fisheries management programmes and budgets The IPQA-IUU is a "voluntary and non-legally binding instrument". However, it draws on core principles from other international legally binding instruments and consensus on fisheries management instruments that promoting responsible fishing practices (Box 2 below). Many States have accepted some IPOA-IUU provisions as binding, either through internationally agreed instruments, RFMQs or through national legislation. Box 1. Relevant International Instruments for prevent, deter and eliminate IUU Fishing • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS). Cambodia is not yet a party; • Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High seas (1994); • Agreement relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (1995) (UN Fish Stocks Agreement/UNFSA); • Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (2009) (PSMA); • The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (1995) (FAQ CCRF) and the • FAQ International Plan of Actions for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (1999) and the Management of Fishing Capacity (1999). 3 1.4. Regional concerns about IUU fishing The Southeast Asia RPOA-IUU was developed to address the concerns of Southeast Asian countries regarding IUU fishing. It was endorsed by ministers of the Republic of Indonesia, Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam, on 5 May 2007 at Bali. The RPOA - IUU framework is based on the IPOA-IUU but the actions adopted under the RPOA-IUU are broad and include conservation of fisheries resources and the environment, managing fishing capacity, and preventing, deterring and eliminating IUU fishing in the areas of the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas (Celebes Sea) and the Arafura -Timor Seas. SEAFDEC's ASEAN Guidelines for Preventing the Entry of Fish and Fishery Products from IUU Fishing Activities into the Supply Chain, outlines possible future actions in the ASEAN region for combatting IUU fishing, which include: 1. Managing fishing activities within an ASEAN Member State (AMS) by: controlling fishing access through proper registration and licensing systems; updating laws and regulations; monitoring fishing vessels; implementing, where possible a vessel monitoring system (VMS); and promoting community-based management approaches. 2. Regulating transshipments and landing of fish across borders. 3. Preventing poaching by vessels in other AMS' EEZs. 4. Controlling illegal fishing and trading practices for live reef-based ornamental and endangered aquatic species. 1.5. Marine Fisheries of Cambodia The fisheries sector for Cambodia has for many years contributed significantly to the employment and livelihoods of the poor, as well as to food security, GDP and foreign exchange earnings. Cambodia's fisheries provide full-time, part-time and seasonal employment for up to 6 million people, provide over 81.5% of the animal protein in the national diet and also form a critical source of essential vitamins and micro-nutrients. Fisheries production is estimated to be worth around US$200-300 million per year at the point of landing, and fisheries harvesting, processing and trade contributes 8-10% of GDP. The value of fish exports has been estimated to be as high as US$100 million per year. In addition to the official exports, a substantial quantity of marine fishery products, mainly high-value finfish, shrimp and squids, enters Thailand and Viet Nam unreported3. Relative to inland fisheries, marine fisheries in Cambodia have been slow to develop. However, there has been a dramatic increase in marine fish catches over the past 15 years. FiA statistics suggest an increase in marine fish landings from 36,000 tonnes in 2000 to 121,259 tonnes in 20174. The marine component of the fisheries sector contributes about 12-16% of the total fisheries production in the country. Landings appear to have now plateaued at just above 120,000 tonnes, although a recent report indicates that small-scale landings, especially subsistence landings are under-reported and total marine fisheries production could be over 200,000 tonnes5. The dramatic increase in catches since the year 2000 suggests increased fishing effort and there has been an equally dramatic increase in the number and size of marine fishing vessels, the number and size of fishing gear used, and the amount of time fishers spend fishing. A recent assessment of the marine fisheries of Cambodia suggests serious overcapacity in both the Cambodian and foreign fishing fleets6. 4 According to the results of the 2018 Maritime Census by the Fisheries Administration, there are a total of 7,552 marine vessels operating in Cambodia's marine fishing waters. For ease of control, fishing vessels are divided into five groups, as shown in the table below: T bl 1 Cl "f f a e assI Ica I0n o f5 f h" marine Is in{; vesse s a on~ e o a eni 0 th t t I I th f th t I e coas a provinces Length-based classification Koh Kong Preah Kampot Kep Total (metre) Sihanouk ~ 24 10 0 0 0 10 18-24 67 42 6 0 115 12 - <18 706 888 311 304 2,209 6- <12 1,727 1,559 718 290 4,294 <6 886 34 4 0 924 Total 3,396 2,523 1,039 594 7,552 Noted: Most fishing gears are trawls An unknown number of fishing vessels from neighboring countries are authorized to fish in the Cambodian marine fishery domain (hereafter referred to as Cambodian waters) under agreements made by the Governors of border provinces. These foreign fishing vessels use trawls, purse seines and squid jigs and some of the methods used are illegal in Cambodia, including pair trawling, and fishing with lights and electricity. To date, the impact of these vessels on Cambodia's fisheries resources, and the livelihoods of coastal communities has not been fully assessed. Marine fishers, fish all year round and change fishing practices seasonally. According to FiA data from 2015, trash fish constituted 38% by weight of the total landings8. This was followed by penaeid shrimp, squid and octopus, anchovies and blue swimmer crabs. Landings of cockles and other shellfish were also high. Of the commercial fish species, threadfin bream, jacks and scads, mackerel, rays, needle fish and lizard fish are the most common groups caught. About 20% of the landings are made up of relatively small quantities of fish from many tropical fish families, such as Wolf herrings, barracuda, snapper, mullet, carpet sharks, jobfish, wrasses, pomfrets, jacks and scads, trevallies, drums and croakers. Mud crabs, mantis shrimps, bivalves such as scallops and other shellfish are also taken. Transshipment of fish at some landing sites, especially those close to the border, occurs with fish being shipped to neighboring countries. Fish transfers from Cambodian fishing vessels to foreign fishing vessels have also been reported. The Thai Department of Fisheries reports that Thai transshipment vessels with a vessel capacity of over 60 gross tonnage, operate outside Thailand's waters9, but the number operating in Cambodian waters is unknown. A large volume of fish is also transported by road to markets within Cambodia and also to Thailand and Viet Nam. 1.6. IUU fishing issues in Cambodia Cambodia's marine fishery is essentially an open access fishery, and there are no effective controls to limit fishing capacity. Although there are some rules and regulations to control illegal activities, these are not complied with or effectively enforced. The maritime border between Cambodia and Thailand in the north, and Vietnam in the south is not yet well defined and marine fisheries bordering Thailand and Vietnam have not yet been determined, making it difficult to manage fisheries sustainably. These poorly defined areas encourage illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. More details on the existing management arrangements are described in Section 1.6. below. 5 The main IUU fishing issues are summarized in Boxes 2a and 2b below. Box 2a: Main IUU issues in Cambodian waters • • Unregulated o Large proportion of vessels without registration or license for Cambodian waters; o Fishing capacity increasing in an open access fishery; o Foreign vessels authorized to fish in Cambodia waters, without overall assessment of impact; and o "Super trawlers" in Steung Hav district, Preas Sihanouk province, with large HP, propellers and trawl nets (also with fine mesh double cod ends). Unreported o Number of fishing vessels of neighboring countries, poaching in Cambodian waters; o Fish landed in Thailand or Viet Nam; and o Fish landed in Cambodia from Thai vessels. • Illegal o Cambodian vessels ■ Large proportion of fishing boats fishing without registration and/or license; ■ Encroachment of trawlers into waters shallower than 20m; ■ Habitat destruction by fishing vessels (sea grass/coral reefs); ■ Fishing gears used with mesh size less than minimum legal limit in trawls, gill nets and crab traps; and ■ Use of banned gears (dynamite, motorized push nets, electric trawls and rat-tail crab pots. o Foreign vessels ■ Foreign vessels fishing without authority from their own flag State; ■ Foreign vessels fishing without agreement with MAFF after obtaining approval from the Royal Government of Cambodia ■ Possible Thailand IUU vessels landing fish catch in Cambodia; and ■ Using gears that are not legal in Cambodia (pair trawls, electric trawls and lights. o Cambodian citizens ■ Transshipment and transport of suspected IUU fish into Thailand and Viet Nam ■ Exporting of fish and fish products sourced from IUU fishing, into Thailand and Viet Nam ■ Destruction of fishery habitats (e.g. mangrove forests). Box 2b: Main IUU issues in the EEZ of other States and in the high seas Illegal, unreported and unregulated Cambodian vessels flying Cambodian "Flags of Convenience" that are IUU-listed vessels in RFMO areas (Red Card). Causes of IUU issues in Cambodian waters: The causes of the IUU issues include: • Overarching issues of (i) outdated legislation, (ii) poor coordination, communication and awareness, and disputed maritime boundaries. • Overcapacity (too many vessels and too much fishing) o Open access fishery; o Lack of effective registration and licensing; and o Unknown number of foreign Thai and Viet Nam vessels in Cambodian waters 6 • Weak monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) measures and implementation. o Weak inspection at landing sites o Ineffective patrol vessels; o Corruption; o Lack of control of transportation and transshipping of fish and fish products; o Lack of VMS/GPS tracking systems; and o Ineffective sanctions/penalties. Overarching issues 1. Out of date legislation 2. Poor coordination, communication and awareness 3. Disputed maritime boundaries Problem IUU issues Main cause Causes Overcapacity 1. Defacto open access for Cambodian vessels 2. Ineffective registration and licensing of fishing vessels and fishing related activities 3. Large number of foreign Thai and Viet Nam vessels Weak MCS 1. Lack of trained inspectors and weak inspection at landing sites 2. Ineffective patrol vessels 3. Corruption 4. Lack of control of transport and transhipment of fish and fish products 5. Ineffective sanctions/penalties Causes of IUU issues in the EEZ of other States and the high seas: In the past, there have been a number of reports of IUU fishing by Cambodian flagged fishing vessels in the high seas, but these have now been resolved. In 1994, Cambodia established its own ship registry - Cambodian Shipping Corporation (CSC), based in Singapore - and began flagging ships of other nations. In July 2002, bowing to international criticism over concern for "Cambodia's maritime safety record", the Cambodian government revoked CSC's authority to grant registrations, granting that authority to the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation but the MPWT was only in control of the registry for about six months, and in February 2003, the Cambodian government granted the authority to register and flag ships to a new company (COSMOS), and established the International Ship Registry of Cambodia (ISROC), where registrations could be made on-line. Following reports that Cambodian flagged-vessels were conducting illegal fishing activities in some Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) areas the European Commission (EC) notified the Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) that the Commission considered Cambodia as a "non-cooperating third country in fighting IUU fishing" on 15 November 2012. The EC adopted trade restrictions against Cambodia in March 2014 (IP/14/304) now regarded as a Red card). More recently, in 2015 the Cambodian government cancelled its contract with COSMOS. The Ministry also notified the International Maritime Organization (IMO) that "if they find any foreign vessels with the Cambodian flag, then they are illegal". In 2015, 194 foreign ships were operating under the Kingdom's flag even though at that time, Cambodia had no valid foreign fishing vessels 7 with the Cambodia flag. As of May 2017, there were no Cambodian-flagged fishing vessels operating beyond national boundaries. Cambodia has reported that it would accede to UNFSA should it decide to re-open its international registry to fishing vessels. 1. 7. Fisheries management arrangements Main agencies responsible for management, compliance and enforcement. Registration of fishing vessels: Registration of vessels in Cambodian waters is carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), under which the Merchant Department and the Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport are responsible for fishing vessel registrations. New fishing vessels are required to register and the vessel owner will receive the Vessel Card. The Official Number or Vessel Registration Number is provided on the Vessel Card and consists of 2 letters and a 5-digit number that refers to a management area/coastal provincial area. The MPWT does not have sufficient capacity to register the large number of small fishing vessels in Cambodia and as a result, only a small minority of vessels have been registered. Licensing of fishing vessels: The Fisheries Administration (FiA) under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), is responsible for issuing fishing vessel and fishing gear licenses, which involves a rather long procedure of inspections that need to be signed by inspection units (The Registration and licensing procedure can be found in Appendix 1 ). Management of fisheries, fishing gears and fishing areas: Under the Law on Fisheries 2006, FiA is responsible for the management of fisheries and fishery resources, based on National Fishery Policies. The FiA has 7 Departments, 3 Research Institutes, 5 inspectorates, 25 Fisheries Cantonments, and 48 Divisions at 158 FiA district level locations. For the coastal areas there is one FiA Inspectorate that has offices in the four Provinces (Cantonment Offices), and also at the Divisional and District level. Co-management is encouraged through Community Fisheries (CFi) where local communities are involved in local-scale fisheries development and management. MCS for fishing in Cambodia is mainly the responsibility of FiA's Marine Inspectorate and the decentralized FiA offices. Some CFi have small patrol vessels that can be used to detain and arrest offenders but this requires requests to be sent to the FiA judiciary police officer, for arrests to be made. Other players include the Marine Police and the Navy but they are focused more on smuggling, trafficking and other crimes not related to fisheries. The Military police can operate on both land and water. Coordination among relevant agencies within country The Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sits on the Ministerial Council chaired by the Prime Minister. Coordination at other levels of government tends to be more ad hoc. and generally, takes the form of a Commission to prevent, eliminate, and report unauthorized fishing, established through a National Working Group composed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Department of Agriculture and including the Council of Ministers, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, and Fisheries Administration, The Technical Working Group on Fisheries has established a forum for coordinating the work of government institutions with development partners and NGOs. However, the working group will have to make adjustments as the involvement of all relevant institutions is not yet complete. To date, Cambodia has no formal arrangements to facilitate information sharing related to the registration of fishing vessels carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, and the issuance of fishing permits issued by the Ministry of Agriculture. 8 Coordination with international agencies/organizations Cambodia has links with a number of global and regional organizations, including FAQ, SEAFDEC and ASEAN but is not yet a cooperating member of any RFMO. FiA sends representatives to attend the annual meetings of several international/regional organizations and agreements, including FAO, APFIC, SEAFDEC, and ASEAN, in order to jointly consider fisheries management issues and specify measures required to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. 1.8. The framework and scope of the NPOA-IUU The structure of Cambodia' NPOA-IUU is based on the IPOA-IUU that provides guidelines on 5 areas: 1 . All State responsibilities; 2. Cambodia's Coastal State Responsibilities; 3. Cambodia's Responsibilities as a Flag State; 4. Cambodia's Measures as a Port State; and 5. Internationally-agreed Market Related Measures. The guidelines from the IPOA-IUU are summarized in the boxes at the start of each section of the NPOA-IUU. The NPOA-IUU also integrates elements of the RPOA-IUU and the ASEAN Guidelines for Preventing the Entry of Fish and Fishery Products from IUU Fishing activities into the Supply Chain. The NPOA-IUU covers all fishing activities in Cambodia's marine waters, the EEZ of other States and in the high seas, and is supported by fisheries laws, policies, regulations, and strategic frameworks as agreed by national law and international legal instruments and/or binding conventions. Cambodia has also prepared a detailed NPOA-IUU Implementation Work Plan that specifies: 1. Key Performance Indicators (KPls); 2. The procedures for implementation; 3. Responsible organizations; and 4. Timelines for each management action and measure. 2. Objectives and Strategies 2.1. Objective The NPOA-IUU has the following objectives: 1. To specify actions that will undertake to deter, prevent and eliminate IUU fishing; and 2. To link these actions and measures to addressing the challenge of degradation of fisheries resources caused by overcapacity and overfishing. The NPOA has a three-pronged approach- firstly to manage fishing capacity and fishing effort including controls on fishing vessel registration and licensing; and secondly to back this up with improved compliance with the laws, policies, and regulations as agreed by national Cambodian law and international legal instruments and/or binding conventions, through strengthened MCS; and thirdly to strengthen cooperation with ASEAN member states. 2.2. Strategies To archive the above objectives above, the main strategies are as follow: 9 2.2.1. Promote Cambodia's responsibility as a State Prepare and adopt key international legal instruments and formulate national policies to support the effective implementation of the NPOA-IUU; Promote dissemination and accelerate implementation of priority national action plans; Amend the fisheries law to promote sustainable fisheries development; and Establish and strengthen cooperation with countries, especially neighboring countries, through sharing information and cooperating in investigations to prevent IUU fishing in the Region. 2.2.2. Promote Cambodia's responsibilities as a coastal state Strengthen fisheries management through a comprehensive fisheries management plan in support of fishery law implementation and a strategic framework for the fisheries sector, and to improve fisheries data collection and information systems; Accelerate the registration of marine fishing vessels and granting of permits for medium and large scale marine fishing vessels; Strengthen implementation of the fisheries law, in relation to the transportation of commercial and domestic fishery products; and Establish a comprehensive and effective MCS of marine fisheries through the development and implementation of the National Plan of Control and Inspection for Marine Fisheries, and the control and inspection at sea and at landing sites. 2.2.3. Promote Cambodia's responsibility as a flag state Consider and re-establish the registration system for legal fishing vessels to operate in the exclusive economic zones of other states and the high sea; and Strengthen the responsibility to use the Cambodian flag on fishing vessels operating in the exclusive economic zones of other states and the high sea. 2.2.4. Implement Port State Measurement Identify the ports or landing sites accessible by foreign fishing vessels, and disseminating this information to relevant national and international institutions; and Cooperate regionally, through participation in bilateral or multilateral talks to strengthen implementation of port state measures. 2.2.5. Implement measures related to internationally agreed trade Approve and test the Fisheries Trade Management System; and Build the capacity of officials to record fishery statistics and verify trade permits with other states. 2.2.6. Increasing and strengthening cooperation with international institutions Continue to inform regional fisheries management organizations on the use of Cambodian flags by any vessels operating in international and regional seas that are managed by regional fisheries management organizations, to prevent and eliminate IUU fishing. 10 3. Action Plan and Schedule Implementation Activities in the Legal and Related Sectors 3.1. Scope The scope of the NPOA-IUU, 2020-2024, covers marine fisheries, and introduces several measures to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. This action plan is classified as follows: All State responsibilities; Coastal State responsibilities; Flag State responsibilities; Port State Measures; Internationally-agreed market-related measures; Cooperation with RFMOs and other countries to eliminate IUU fishing; Special requirements of developing states; and Reporting. For the Cambodian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) the priority actions are: 1. Signing international instruments; 2. Revising the fisheries law; 3. Managing fishing capacity through effective registration and licensing 1 4. Strengthening MCS, especially landing site inspections; 5. Strengthening reporting needed for fishing capacity and fishery resource assessments; and 6. Formalizing fishery access arrangements with Viet Nam and Thailand. The NPOA-IUU is composed of two accompanying documents: the first one being a policy statement on the management of the marine fishery; and the second, the three-year implementation plan, which provides a time frame for the implementation of priority actions, targets, key indicators, and responsible institutions. 3.2. Action Plan 1. All State Responsibilities 1.1. International Instruments The IPOA-IUU fishing calls on States to give full effect to relevant norms of international law in order to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. States are encouraged as a matter of priority to ratify, accept or accede to the 1982 UN Convention (UNCLOS), the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), the 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement and to implement the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, including its related IPOA-IUUs and strategy and to become members of, or cooperate to establish new, RFMOs where appropriate. To date, Cambodia has ratified: 1. The 1958 Geneva Convention on the high seas and acceded to the 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone; 2. The Convention on Biological Diversity and is a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; 3. The Agreement on the Ports State Measurement of the FAQ in 2019; 1 For the High seas, the main action is strengthening registration and licensing of Cambodian flagged vessels in Cambodia. 11 4. A membership (2020) of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, related to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stock and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. Cambodia has signed the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, but has yet to ratify it. As a member country of FAQ, Cambodia adopted the FAQ Code of Conduct of Responsible Fisheries and has drafted their own Cambodia: Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Cambodia also engages in other areas of international cooperation including: As a member country of ASEAN and with SEAFDEC, to support the implementation of the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Resolution and Plan of Action on Sustainable Fisheries for Food Security for the ASEAN Region Towards 2020 (Res/PQA); As a member of SEAFDEC, is involved in the Regional Management of Fishing Capacity, where each member country undertakes to develop and implement a National Plan of Action for Management of Fishing Capacity; Cooperates with regional/international agencies such as the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) and the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific (NACA); and As a member of cooperation frameworks at sub-regional levels such as APEC, . Future actions will include: No Action 1. Prepare and ratify the international agreements on combating IUU Fishing: 1.1 FAO Port State Measures Agreement 1.2 UN Fish Stock Agreement 1.3 UN Law of the Sea 1.2. National Legal Framework 1.2.1. Legislation 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 ✓ ✓ The IPQA-IUU states that national legislation should address, in an effective manner, all aspects of IUU fishing. Cambodia is revising and amending its Law on Fisheries 2006, to promote sustainable fisheries development consistent with development guidelines and in line with international standards, including cooperation frameworks with other countries on marine fisheries management. This will be supported by a sub-decree that specifies in more detail how the law will be implemented. Cambodia also periodically revises and amends other national laws and regulations that involve marine fishing activities and fishing vessels. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Develop a new Fisheries Law and Law implementation sub- ✓ decree 2. Adopt the new Fisheries Law and Law implementation sub- ✓ decree 12 1.2.2. State Control over Nationals The IPOA-IUU calls on States, to the greatest extent possible, to take measures or cooperate to ensure that their nationals do not support or engage in IUU fishing, and to cooperate to identify those nationals who are the operators or beneficial owners of IUU fishing vessels. Cambodia supports the prevention of IUU fishing by its nationals in areas outside of Cambodia. The issue of Cambodian nationals working on IUU vessels is being addressed by labor reforms. Currently, there is not a major IUU problem in Cambodia, although the issue will also be addressed under the new fisheries law. 1.2.3. Penalties/Sanctions The IPOA-IUU provides that sanctions for IUU fishing by vessels and nationals under its jurisdiction should be of sufficient severity to effectively prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing and to deprive offenders of the benefits accruing from such fishing. Cambodia is currently revising its Law on Fisheries and this will include more severe sanctions and penalties to deter IUU fishing. Future actions include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Develop sanctions with appropriate penalties in ✓ ✓ the revised Law on Fisheries 1.2.4. Economic Incentives The IPOA-IUU provides that States should avoid conferring economic support, including subsidies, to companies, vessels or persons that are involved in IUU fishing. Cambodia does not provide any subsidies that might encourage IUU fishing. Cambodia will, support artisanal fishers through CFi and provide networking of voluntary fishers for coast watching programs. Cambodia will continue to provide financial support for research on responsible fisheries, and the rehabilitation of marine fisheries resources. 1.2.5. Cooperation between States The IPOA-IUU calls on States to coordinate their activities and cooperate directly, and as appropriate through relevant RFMOs, to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. Cambodia is addressing IUU fishing issues through several bilateral and/or multilateral agreements and mechanisms such as: the Gulf of Thailand Sub-Region meetings convened by SEAFDEC and participated in by Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the FiA of Cambodia and the Directorate of Fisheries (D-FISH) of Viet Nam was formalized on 2 April 2014. 13 A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the FiA of Cambodia and the Directorate of Fisheries (D-FISH) of Viet Nam was signed in 2011. This was further extended to 2019 during a re-signing in 2017. A draft MOU between Cambodia and Thailand is presently under consideration. The MOUs promote cooperation including the sharing of information, exchange visits and the joint management of transboundary fish stocks. There is some progress of Cambodia-Thailand Bilateral Cooperation pertaining to management of trans-boundary stocks, establishment of a mechanism for joint fisheries management between Koh Kong Province in Cambodia) and Trat Province in Thailand. There are also bilateral discussions occurring between the fisheries enforcement agencies of the neighboring countries. Cambodia recognizes the requirement in the RPOA-IUU for cooperation and sharing of IUU fisheries information and investigations, to prevent IUU fishing in the Region. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Implement the arrangements agreed in MOUs ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2. Cambodia's Coastal State Responsibilities In the exercise of sovereign rights of coastal States for exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the living marine resources under their jurisdiction, the IPOA-IUU calls on coastal States to implement measures to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing in waters under their jurisdiction. Measures which coastal States should consider are: effective MCS; cooperation and exchange of information with other States and RFMOs; ensuring that all fishing is authorized; ensuring all vessels are registered; logbook requirements; controls on transshipment/processing of fish; regulation of fishing access; and avoiding licensing vessels with an IUU fishing history. 2.1. Management of fisheries resources Cambodia recognizes the need to strengthen its fisheries management capacity and focus. Towards this end, Cambodia is planning to develop a comprehensive Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) for Marine Fisheries that will be supported by the new Fisheries Law and the SPFF: Update for 2015-2024. The FMP will adopt the ecosystem approach to fisheries management that considers the socio-economic benefits of fishing, the costs to the environment that can occur though degraded fishery resources, and ecosystems structure and functions. Improved fisheries management will also require improved data and information, both for better policy and decision making and for assessing the status of the fisheries resources based on catch and effort trends. Part of this process, will be the sharing of data and information with SEAFDEC, FAQ and RFMOs. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1 Raise awareness of the importance of sustainable ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ management 2 Develop a comprehensive Fisheries Management Plan ✓ ✓ 14 3 Improve data collection and information systems at fish ✓ ✓ landing sites 4 Review data collection and information systems for ✓ ✓ fisheries management and policy decision making 5 Develop a fisheries information system for fisheries ✓ ✓ management and policy decision making, including sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and RFMOs 6 Strengthen data collection and fisheries information ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ systems and sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and RFMOs 2. 2. Authorization of Cambodian vessels to fish in marine waters Cambodia recognizes that a root cause of IUU fishing in its marine waters is overcapacity, which has resulted from an expansion in fishing effort by Cambodian vessels, as well as continued pressure by foreign vessels from neighboring countries. As a first step towards managing fishing capacity, Cambodia will register and license all marine fishing vessels, except for family scale fishing vessels and gears, starting with the larger vessels. With assistance from SEAFDEC, Cambodia is developing a registration/licensing database that will assist in this registration and licensing process. Cambodia is also cooperating in the development of a regional vessel database for vessels greater than 24m by SEAFDEC (RFVR-SEAFDEC), although at this point in time Cambodia does not have any vessels in this category. Main future activities will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1 Continue to record and identify all fishing vessels ✓ ✓ 2 Consider options to streamline current processes ✓ and build capacity for registering and licensing fishing vessels 3 Issue registrations to medium and large-scale ✓ ✓ marine fishing vessels 4 Issue licenses to medium and large-scale marine ✓ ✓ fishing vessels 5 Issue registrations to small-scale marine fishing ✓ ✓ vessels 6 Human capacity building and institutional building ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ for vessel licensing and registration 7 Communicate with SEAFDEC on any vessels ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ greater than 24m 2.3 Authorization for foreign vessels to fish in Cambodian waters The Law on Fishery 2006 requires fisheries exploitation by foreigners to be under an agreement with the MAFF, after obtaining approval from the Royal Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia. According to reports, there are many Thai and Vietnamese vessels fishing in Cambodian waters under agreements that are made across borders by Provincial Governors. There are also vessels fishing without the permission of their flag State. 15 Neighboring countries are strengthening their flag State responsibilities and in future will require all vessels fishing in another country's EEZ to have a permit. Foreign vessels are also fishing with gears that are considered illegal under Cambodian law, although the impact that these vessels are having on fishery resources, the Cambodian economy and the incomes of local fishers, is unknown. The issue of authorization is complicated in disputed overlapping and "historic waters" areas, where different States claim that they are authorized to fish. Separate arrangements will be needed for such areas. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1 Work with neighboring countries to ensure ✓ ✓ foreign fishing vessels have a permit from their flag State 2 Agree on common fisheries conservation and ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ management measures in disputed overlapping areas 2.4 Measures to control fishing related activities The IPOA-IUU calls on States to ensure their transport and support vessels do not support or engage in IUU fishing. Under the Law on Fisheries, commercial transportation of fishery products in the Kingdom of Cambodia requires a license and be under the inspection of FiA. The extent of transshipment at sea in Cambodian waters is unknown. However, it is known that fish are offloaded in Cambodian landing sites and exported by vessel to neighboring countries or by trucks to markets in Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1 Register vessels involved in the transport and ✓ ✓ export of fish and fish products 2 License vessels and vehicles involved in ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ transport and export of fish and fish products 3 In collaboration with the Customs and other ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ appropriate authorities, strengthen systems to monitor the transportation of fish and fish products 2.5 Monitoring Control and Surveillance (MCS) The IPOA-IUU calls on all States to undertake comprehensive and effective MCS of fishing from its commencement, through the point of landing, to final destination. Monitoring: Total marine production is monitored by FiA whilst provincial FiA Cantonments keep lists of fishing vessels. Monitoring the number of registered vessels is the responsibility of the 16 Merchant Department and needs to be shared with FiA. Monitoring of catch per unit effort (CPUE) data required for assessing the status of the resource and fishing capacity is carried out by FiA at landing sites along the coast. This involves collecting information from a sample of vessels and also collecting the information from local fish distributors. Unfortunately, these CPUE data used mainly as input into Provincial and national production statistics, and in many cases the useful CPUE data are lost. There are few computers in the FiA District Offices to facilitate this important activity. Control of the marine fishery is specified in the Law on Fisheries 2006 and subsidiary legislation that clarifies legal and illegal practices. These controls will be implemented through a new FMP that sets out objectives and actions needed to meet stated objectives. Surveillance is mainly carried out by patrol vessels and the decentralized FiA offices. At present there is no VMS to track vessels. Thailand, on the other hand, is installing VMS on all vessels (~33 GT) and is able to track its vessels in the EEZ of other Coastal States and the High Seas. Community-based patrols and community-based fisheries management can assist in the surveillance of small-scale fisheries and also the encroachment of trawlers into restricted areas. Enforcement. Investigating, controlling, preventing and protecting against fishery offences are under the competence of FiA. The officers of the FiA have the competence to act as judiciary police officers in investigating fishery offences and can file complaints to the competent tribunal. Local authorities, armed forces, customs, airports port authorities, and other concerned authorities cooperate to investigate, prevent and crack down on fisheries offences. The number of arrests and the penalties are recorded in FiA's annual report. Cambodia's capacity to implement the rules and regulations is very limited. At sea inspections are constrained by the lack of equipment, manpower and capacity. Landing site inspections are rare. There are many challenges to strengthening MCS in coastal areas, not least of which is the lack of manpower and capacity. Cambodia is developing a National Plan of Inspection and Control for Marine Fisheries (NPCI-MF) that outlines the priorities for MCS to combat IUU fishing in each of the four coastal Provinces, based on risk assessment. These priorities will be addressed through a range of activities that include at-sea inspections, landing site inspections, port State measures and reporting requirements. The NPCI-MF will also focus on human capacity needs, especially those of the coastal Inspectorate and Cantonment Offices, to carry out their missions. Cambodia is a member State of the RPOA-IUU that includes establishing procedures for listing and blacklisting countries that promote IUU fishing. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1 Develop and implement a NPCI-MF based on an ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ assessment of roles and responsibilities /mandates 2 Provide training on MCS as mentioned in the ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NPCI-MF 3 Purchase, repair and refurbish patrol vessels ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 17 4 Explore the feasibility of introducing an observer ✓ program 5 Train and Introduce log books for large-scale ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ vessels 6 Train and Introduce log books for medium-scale ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ vessels 7 Explore options for installing vessel tracking ✓ devices and systems in large and medium-scale vessels 8 Install vessel tracking devices and systems, ✓ based on findings of the exploration. 3. The Responsibilities of Cambodia as A Flag State 3.1 Fishing Vessel Registration and Record of Fishing Vessels in the EEZ of another State or on the high seas The IPOA-IUU calls on States to ensure, including through appropriate fishing authorization and vessel registration procedures, that their flag vessels and vessels under charter do not engage in or support IUU fishing. The IPOA-IUU calls on each flag State to maintain a record of fishing vessels entitled to fly its flag. Each flag State's record of fishing vessels should include, for vessels authorized to fish on the high seas, all information set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article VI of the 1993 FAQ Compliance Agreement, as well as the additional information specified in paragraph 42 of the IPOA-IUU. Note: This section of the NPOA-IUU refers only to Cambodian-flagged vessels in the high seas and the EEZ of another State. Registration and authorization of vessels in the Cambodian EZZ are considered in Section 4: Coastal States. Now that the "International Ship Registry of Cambodia (ISROC)" has been handed back to the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, there is a need to develop a registration system in Cambodia for non-lUU vessels to fish in other State's EEZs, on the high seas and in RFMO areas. Adequate controls such as permits, VMS and observers will be needed. If Cambodia should to decide to re-open its international registry to fishing vessels, it will accede to UNFSA. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Develop a system to register and record ✓ ✓ Cambodian flagged fishing vessels in another State or on the high seas, including FIA prior clearance 2 Prepare a registration and licensing system for ✓ ✓ fishing vessels flying the Cambodian flag and fishing in water of another state and on the high sea 18 3.2 Authorization to Fish in the EEZ of another State and the high seas The IPOA-IUU calls on States to ensure that no vessel is allowed to fish unless so authorized, in a manner consistent with international law for the high seas. A flag State should ensure that each of the vessels entitled to fly its flag fishing in waters outside its sovereignty or jurisdiction holds a valid authorization to fish issued by that flag State. Where a coastal State issues an authorization to fish to a vessel, that coastal State should ensure that no fishing in its waters occurs without an authorization to fish issued by the flag State of the vessel. In the past, Cambodia FiA has not authorized fishing related vessel flying its flag to fish or transship in the coastal waters of another State or on the high seas, although this has occurred through "flag of convenience" activities. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Consider mechanisms to grant authorization to ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ fish to non-lUU vessels flying the Cambodian flag in another State's EEZ or on the high seas 3.3. Measure to control fishing related vessels The IPOA-IUU calls on flag States to ensure their fishing, transport and support vessels do not support or engage in IUU fishing. The IPOA-IUU also calls on States to ensure that, to the greatest extent possible, all of their fishing, transport and support vessels involved in transshipment at sea have a prior authorization to transship issued by the flag State, and report specified information to the national fisheries administration or other designated institution. As of May 2017, there were no Cambodian-flagged fishing related vessels operating beyond national boundaries. Cambodia will accede to UNFSA should to decide to re-open its international registry to fishing related vessels. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Develop a system to register and record ✓ ✓ ✓ Cambodian flagged fishing related vessels in another State or on the high seas, including prior clearance by FiA. 4. Port State Measures 4.1. Use of Port State Measures (PSM) The IPOA-IUU calls on States to use port State measures, in accordance with international law, to control port access by fishing vessels in order to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. Some foreign fishing vessels use Cambodian fishing ports or docks. However, there have been reports of fishing vessels of neighboring countries, docking and landing their catch in the border provinces of Cambodia to avoid the strict crackdown on illegal fishing activities in their home countries. Fish transhipment vessels are also used by the Cambodian fishing ports or landing sites Cambodia has ratified the PSMA and the plan for its implementation is as follows. 19 Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. identify and designate official port/landing site for ✓ foreign vessels 2. Introduce port/landing site inspections for foreign ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ IUU fishing 4.2. Procedures for foreign vessels found to be IUU vessels If, in the course of an inspection, a port State finds that there are reasonable grounds to suspect that a vessel has engaged in or supported IUU fishing, the IPOA-IUU calls on port States to immediately report the matter to the flag State of the vessel and, where appropriate the RFMO. The port State may take other action with the consent of, or upon the request of, the flag State. Cambodia is looking at ways to introduce Port State Measures in designated landing sites used by foreign vessels. This will include procedures for any foreign vessels found to have engaged in IUU fishing, as specified in the PSMA. Future activities will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Develop and implement procedures for foreign ✓ ✓ vessels found to have engaged in IUU fishing 4.3. Cooperation with port State/RFMOs The IPOA-IUU calls on States to cooperate, as appropriate, bilaterally, multilaterally and within relevant RFMOs, to develop compatible measures for port State control of fishing vessels. The IPOA-IUU also encourages States to consider developing, within relevant RFMOs, port State measures building on the presumption that fishing vessels entitled to fly the flag of States not parties to a RFMO and which have not agreed to cooperate with that RFMO, which are identified as being engaged in fishing activities in the area of that particular organization, may be engaging in IUU fishing. Cambodia is also looking at ways to strengthen regional cooperation and stronger bilateral/multi­ lateral dialogue in order to strengthen PSM. It is working with SEAFDEC to develop a sub-regional MCS network in the Gulf of Thailand that was scheduled to begin in mid 2019. Future actions will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Cooperate with coastal States, port States, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ other concerned States and RFMOs, on IUU fishing. 2. Share information on IUU fishing and MCS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ through the SEAFDEC sub-regional MCS network initiatives in the Gulf of Thailand 20 5. Internationally- Agreed Market Related Measures The IPOA-IUU calls on States to cooperate, including through relevant global and regional fisheries management organizations, to adopt appropriate multilaterally agreed trade-related measures, consistent with the WTO that may be necessary to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing The current Law on Fisheries requires that commercial export or import of fishery products can only take place, when: A license has been issued by the DG of FiA; and A license has been issued by the CITES Management Authority of Cambodia for endangered fishery products even if it is not for commercial purposes. Buying, selling processing stocking and transporting of fishery products from illegal fishing is prohibited. However, controlling exports and imports both at sea and on land is difficult and illegal practices are common. Catch Documentation Schemes The IPOA-IUU suggests that certification and documentation requirements should be standardized to the extent feasible, and electronic schemes developed where possible, to ensure effectiveness, reduce opportunities for fraud, and avoid unnecessary burden on trade. Cambodia is collaborating with SEAFDEC on the development of an ASEAN catch documentation scheme. The objective of the scheme is to: 1. provide a unified framework that enhances the traceability of fish and fishery products for effective marine fisheries management in AMS; 2. enhance the credibility of fish and fishery products for intra--regional and international trade; and 3. prevent the entry offish and fishery products from IUU fishing activities into the supply chains of AMS. The catch documentation scheme will include: Catch Declaration Logbook/Logsheet (CD1 ); Movement Document (MD1 ); ASEAN Catch Certificate for Exportation (ACC); Processing Statement (PS) for re-export processed fish; and ASEAN Re-export Certificate (AREC) for Imported fish & fishery products from Non-AMS. Future activities will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Adapt and trial the SEAFDEC ASEAN catch ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ documentation scheme 2 Build capacity in the systems for catch ✓ ✓ ✓ certification and cross-checking certificates issued by other countries 21 6. Cooperation with RFMOs and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing Non-party compliance The IPOA-IUU calls on States to give effect to their duty to cooperate by agreeing to apply the conservation and management measures by RFMOs to which they are not members, or by adopting measures consistent with those conservation and management measures, and should ensure that vessels entitled to fly their flag do not undermine such measures. Although Cambodia is not a member of a RFMQ, it intends to cooperate to the extent possible for requests for information, especially information related to "flag of convenience" issues. Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Continue to share information of Cambodian ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ fishing activities including any Cambodian citizens involved in IUU fishing in RFMO areas 7. Special Requirement of Developing Countries Recognizing the special needs of developing countries, the IPQA-IUU calls on States support to training and capacity building and consider providing financial, technical and other assistance to developing countries, including in particular the least developed among them and small island developing States, so that they can more fully meet their commitments under the IPQA and obligations under international law, including their duties as flag States and port States. Capacity development within ASEAN Cambodia welcomes human capacity building relating to IUU fishing, especially with regards to managing fishing capacity, registration and licensing, MCS and international law and obligations. Cambodia is also willing to participate in joint patrol operations in accordance with international standards and MCS fisheries management. Future activities include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1. Continue to work with ASEAN Secretariat, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SEAFDEC and FAO to build human capacity of FiA and partners 8. Reporting The IPQA-IUU requires that States should report to FAQ on progress with the elaboration and implementation of their plans to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing as part of their biennial reporting to FAQ on the Code of Conduct. These reports should be published by FAQ in a timely manner.States should also report regularly to their own governments on progress in implementing the NPOA-IUU. Reporting requirements Cambodia will report progress in implementing its NPQA-IUU through the FiA Annual Report. Cambodia will biennially report to FAQ on progress with the elaboration and implementation of NPQA to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing. 22 Future activity will include: Action 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 1 Develop a NPOA implementation work plan and ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ budget for each year 2. Report on progress in implementing the NPAO- ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ IUU through the FiA Annual Report 3. Report to the FAO, every two years. ✓ ✓ 23 4. EXPENDITURE PLAN The NPOA-IUU, sets out a broad and clear set of activities, each year. Ongoing activities require a steady budget. Planning for the implementation of the NPOA-IUU includes a detailed three-year implementation plan based on the activities contained in the NPOA-IUU, beginning in 2020 and outlining: 1. Implementing institutions; 2. Methods of implementation; and 3. Timeframe and cost. These actions are summarized in the Matrix below: 1. Responsible institutions; 2. Key indicators for performance measurement; and 3. Funding for each year. Plans, budgets, targets and institutions responsible for implementing each of the National Action Plans Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total agencies 1 State responsibilities 1.1 Key international legal instruments 1.1.1 Prepare and ratify the FAQ's PSMA 60 60 PSMA document is adopted, FiAand MAFF printed and disseminated 1.1.2 Prepare and ratify the UN FSA 10 10 UN FSA document is adopted, FiAand MAFF printed and disseminated 1.2 National legislation 1.2.1 Fisheries legislation 1.2.1.1 Continue to amend the Fisheries Law and develop 200 200 Final draft Amended Fisheries law FiAand MAFF a new Sub-Decree on Marine Fisheries and and Sub-Decree on Marine Distant Water Fishing Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing 1.2.1.2 Adopt the Fisheries Law and Sub-Decree on 10 10 Fisheries Law and Sub-Decree on FiAand MAFF Marine Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing Marine Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing documents is 24 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total agencies adapted, printed and disseminated 1.2.3 Penalties/Sanctions 1.2.3.1 Develop sanction with appropriate penalties in the 10 10 20 Sanction and penalties are FiAand MAFF new Law on Fisheries revised in the new Law on Fisheries 1.2.5 Collaboration with the others states 1.2.5.1 Continue to update and implement MoU with D- 20 20 20 20 20 100 The updated and agreed MoUs FiAand MAFF Fish of Vietnam, and Department of Fisheries are implemented Thailand, 2 Coastal state responsibilities 2.1 Fisheries Resources Management 2.1.1 Promote awareness about 20 20 20 20 20 100 Stakeholders' awareness of the FiA Importance of Sustainable Management importance of sustainable management is enhanced 2.1.2 Develop a comprehensive National Marine 50 50 100 Fisheries Management Plan FiAand MAFF Fisheries Management Plan finalized and adopted 2.1.3 Improve port sampling, data collection and Report on findings of data FiA analyses systems collection and information reviews 2.1.4 Develop a fisheries information system for 100 100 200 Improved data collection systems FiA fisheries management and policy decision making, and information systems including sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and compared to the baseline of 2020. RFMOs Information shared annually with SEAFDEC and FAO 2.1.5 Strengthen data collection and fisheries 50 50 50 50 200 Improved data collection systems FiA, MAFF and information systems and sharing with SEAFDEC, and information systems development partners FAO and RFMOs compared to the baseline of 2020. Information shared annually with SEAFDEC and FAO 2.2 Authorization of Cambodian marine fishing vessels for fishing in Cambodia water 25 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total agencies 2.2.1 Continue to collect all data and information of all 125 125 250 Data and information of all marine FiA, MAFF and marine fishing vessels fishing vessels are aggregated, MPWT analyzed and disseminated. National marine fishing vessels database is reviewed and updated 2.2.2 Capacity building and institutional building for 50 50 Increased number of trained staff FiA, MAFF and licensing and registration of fishing vessels in FiA capable of registering and MPWT and MWPT licensing fishing vessels in FiA and MWPT 2.2.3 Promote registration of all large scale and medium 150 150 300 all large scale and medium scale FiA, MAFF and scale marine fishing vessels vessels are registered MPWT 2.2.4 Issue licenses to all large-scale and medium-scale 150 150 300 All large- and medium-scale FiA, MAFF fishing vessels vessels are licensed, with permitted gears included in the license conditions 2.2.5 Record and Issue certificates of record to all small 100 100 200 All small scale fishing vessels are FiA scale fishing vessels recorded and provided with certificates 2.2.6 Build human and institutional capacity for issuing 50 50 50 50 50 250 Provincial fisheries officers are FiAand MPWT permits or ID cards to coastal fishing vessels trained in the registration and issuance of fishing vessels permits and IDs 2.2.7 Communicate with SEAFDEC on any vessels 50 50 50 50 200 Data and information on any FiA greater than 24m marine fishing vessel greater than 24m in length, are shared 2.3 Authorization of foreign marine fishing vessels for fishing in Cambodia water 2.3.1 Through cooperation with Thailand and Viet Nam 25 25 50 Collaboration with Thailand and FiA promote and enforce no foreign fishing in non- Vietnam is strengthened. No Thai disputed Cambodian waters. and Vietnamese fishing vessels fishing in Cambodia's EEZ 2.3.2 Agree on common fisheries conservation and 25 25 25 25 100 An agreement on joint fisheries FiA, MAFF and management measures in disputed overlapping management and conservation MPWT areas. measures in jointly claimed areas and historic waters will be signed 2.4 Develop measures to control transport vessels and vehicles 26 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total agencies 2.4.1 Register vessels involved in the transport and 50 50 100 All vessels and vehicles involved FiAand MPWT export of fish and fish products in the transport and export of fishery products are registered 2.4.2 License vessels and vehicles involved in transport 100 100 100 100 100 500 All vessels and vehicles involved FiAand MAFF and export of fish and fish products in the transport and export of fishery products are licensed 2.4.3 In collaboration with the Customs and other 100 100 100 100 100 500 The monitoring system has been FiA, General appropriate authorities, monitor the transportation approved to be used to monitor Department of Custom of fish and fishery products by sea, air and road the transportation of fish and and concerning fishery products institutions 2.5 Strengthen Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) 2.5.1 Develop and implement the NPCI-MF 50 50 50 50 50 250 The report assesses the role and FiA and concerning duties in the implementation of the institutions national plan for monitoring and inspection. 2.5.2 Provide training for MCS as specified in the NPCI- 30 30 30 30 30 150 Trained officers in MCS and FiA and concerning MF practical investigations institutions 2.5.3 Purchase or repair and refurbish patrol vessels 1500 125 125 125 125 2000 Control vessels have been fully FiA refurbished and operational 2.5.4 Prepare and train Observers in observer program 10 10 Observer team is trained FiA 2.5.5 Introduce log books for large-scale and medium- 10 35 35 35 35 150 The Fisheries Statistics Manual is FiAand MAFF scale vessels put in place and fishers trained in its use. 2.5.6 Explore options for installing vessel tracking 50 50 An appropriate monitoring system FiA devices and systems in the large and medium- and equipment are selected for scale vessels use in medium and large-scale fishing vessels 2.5.7 Install VMS/GMS for large and medium-scale 50 50 Medium and large fishing vessel FiA vessels monitoring offices have been set up and functioning in the Fisheries Administration 3 Flag State Responsibilities 3.1 Develop fishing vessel registration and record of fishing vessels in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 27 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total agencies 3.1.1 Conduct a cost/benefit analysis for Cambodia to 50 50 100 Reports, results, analyzes & FiA, MAFF, MPWT re-introduce an international registration system evaluations of investments and and Cabinet of profits prepared and distributed Council Ministers 3.1.2 If shown to be cost-effective, develop a system to 25 25 50 Registration as Public to foreign FiA, MAFF, MPWT register and record fishing vessels in another fishing vessels flying the and Cabinet of State or on the high seas, that include effective Cambodian flag Council Ministers control and inspection measures 3.2 Develop systems for the authorization to fish in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.2.1 Consider mechanisms for granting authorization to 15 15 15 15 15 750 Transparent procedures have FiA, MAFF, MPWT non-lUU Cambodian fishing vessels to fly the been agreed for granting legal and Cabinet of Cambodian flag in another State's marine waters foreign vessels fishing in the EEZ Council Ministers or on the high seas, that include effective control of other states or on the high and inspection measures seas, the right to fly the Cambodia flaq, 3.3 Develop measure to control fishery related vessels 3.3.1 Develop a system to register and record 50 50 50 150 Registration System for FiA, MAFF, MPWT Cambodian flagged fishing related vessels in Cambodian flagged fishing and Cabinet of another State or on the high seas, that include vessels has been established Council Ministers effective control and inspection measures 4 Port State Measures 4.1 Introduce Port State Measures (PSM) 4.1.1 Implement PSMA by identifying and designating 30 30 Disseminate information on the FiAand MAFF ports/landing sites for use by foreign fishing designated fishing ports for vessels foreign fishing vessels 4.1.2 Introduce port/landing site inspections for foreign 25 25 50 A manual on procedures for FiAand MAFF fishing vessels inspecting foreign fishing vessels and gears has been prepared. 4.2 Develop procedures for foreign vessels found to be IUU vessels 4.2.1 Under the PSMA develop procedures for foreign 25 25 50 Guidelines on procedures for FiAand MAFF vessels found to be IUU vessels foreign vessels found to be engaged in IUU activities have been developed and implemented 4.3 Increase cooperation with port States/RFMOs 28 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total agencies 4.3.1 Cooperate with coastal States, port States, 20 20 20 20 20 100 Information system on IUU fishing FiA and state interested States and regional fishery vessels established and concerned management organizations, on countering IUU information shared with fishing cooperating States. 4.3.2 Share information on IUU fishing and MCS 15 15 15 15 15 75 Information system on IUU fishing FiA and SEAFDEC through the SEAFDEC sub-regional MCS network vessels established and initiatives in the Gulf of Thailand information relating to the Gulf of Thailand, shared. 5 Internationally-agreed Market Related Measures 5.1 Develop Catch Documentation Schemes 5.1.1 Trial and adopt the SEAFDEC's ASEAN catch 50 50 50 50 200 SEAFDEC's ASEAN catch FiA documentation scheme documentation scheme adapted for use in the Cambodian context 5.1.2 Build capacity in catch certification and cross- 20 20 20 60 Catch certification team is trained FiA checking certificates issued with other countries and performs professionally and efficiently 6 Cooperation with RFMOS and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing 6.1 Cooperate with RFMOs, where appropriate 6.1.1 Continue to share information to RFMOs on 10 10 10 10 40 Information system on IUU fishing FiA, MAFF and Cambodian flagged vessels on the high seas and established and information MPWT in RFMO areas shared with relevant RFMOs 7 Special Requirements of Developing Nations 7.1 Arrange capacity development in ASEAN 7.1.1 Continue to work with ASEAN Secretariat, 20 20 20 20 20 100 Trained officers implementing FiA, ASEAN Sec, SEAFDEC and FAO to build human capacity of effective MCS. SEAFDEC Sec, FiA and partner organisations &FAO 8 Reporting 8.1 Strengthen reporting requirements 29 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Key Indicator Responsible 2020 I 2021 I 2022 I 2023 I 2024 I Total agencies 8.1.1 Each year, develop a NPOA-IUU implementation 5 5 5 5 5 25 Annual plan and budget prepared FiAand MAFF work plan and budget. and approved 8.1.2 Report on progress in implementing the NPOA- 5 5 5 5 5 25 Annual performance reports on FiAand MAFF IUU through the FiA Annual Report the NPOA-IUU prepared and aooroved 8.1.3 Report to the FAO every two years. 10 10 20 Annual performance reports on FiAand MAFF the NPOA-IUU, prepared, approved and reported to FAO everv two vears 30 5. Monitoring, Control and Evaluation In order to implement the NPOA-IUU effectively, regular monitoring, control and evaluation are needed. To achieve this, periodic review and revision of action plans will focus on: The timeline for implementation; National Action Plan Indicators; Stakeholder participation in the implementation of the action plans; Outcomes versus targets; and Benefits accruing from implementation of the NPOA-IUU. 6. Conclusions The successful implementation of the NPOA-IUU will make create conditions for more responsible and sustainable marine fisheries, and improvement in coastal people's livelihoods and food security. Moreover, the implementation of the NPOA-IUU underscores Cambodia's contribution to national and international fisheries management and conservation efforts, and contributes to the long-term impact of global fisheries resources. Integration with international maritime management apparatus will bring Cambodia greater international trust and confidence. In addition, the NPOA­ IUU will enhance short-term and long-term social and economic opportunities by increasing legitimate fishing revenue for coastal communities, economies, states, the world economy, and by reducing negative impacts on the marine environment. Through implementation of the NPOA-IUU, Cambodia will benefit from the cooperation of many countries in the Region and the world, through technical and financial support provided to prevent and eliminate Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in Cambodia's marine waters. 31 Appendix 1: The vessel current registration and licensing process a. Vessel Registration System Authorized by Municipal/Provincial Department of Public Works and Transportation, Merchant Department Application Process: 1. Owner of vessel applies for registration, with relevant documents; 2. Documents checked and verified (Information on vessel, gross tonnage, engine, dimensions of vessel etc.); 3. Field technical inspection of vessel and approval; and 4. Issuance of registration certificate; and plate number. b. Fishing Licenses System Licenses for fishing and use of fishing vessels are provided by the Provincial/Municipality's Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the FiA. Process for granting fishing license and use by fishing vessels: 1. Application for commercial fishing and use by fishing vessels with relevant documents; 2. Technical requirements of the fishing vessels and the conditions of the fishing, completed; 3. Files checked and verified; 4. Technical inspection of vessels and fishing equipment; and 5. Issuance of fishing license and the use by fishing vessels. Authority to grant a license differ for two classes of vessels. Fishing Vessels greater than 90 HP: approved by the Director-General of FiA; Fishing Vessels of less than 90 HP: approved by Director of PDAFF Fishing License Application Process: The owner has to apply for fishing license. The fishing license form will include: Owner's name, sex, nationality, address, occupation, vessel type, registration number/plate number; Information on vessel: gross tonnage, engine, dimensions of vessel etc.; Type of fishing operation (fishing gear), type of fishing gear, fishing area and period of operation; and Validity period of fishing license. Based on the procedures for fishing license applications, the committee represented by each responsible authority will inspect the fishing vessel and gears, as appears in the Inspection Form filled in by the vessel's owner. This inspection form must be certified by all members of the Inspection Committee. Vessel Markings Flag of the Kingdom of Cambodia; Identified plate number, light sign, identified sign (symbol); Radio communication, Markings on fire extinguishers, life buoys, rescue buoys, life jackets; 32 Marked containers for binoculars, compass or GPS, medicine for preliminary treatment, head-lights, emergency light, horn or bell; Hull and engine markings endorsing quality and safety for fishing operation; Marked bins or tanks for keeping waste on board the vessel including used oils from the engine, before waste can to be discarded at an assigned place; and Identification colors painting on the fishing vessel according to the city and Province e.g. Kampot is red, Preah Sihanouk is white. 33 ANNEX 2. The Three-Year Specific Action Plan of the NPOA-IUU in The Kingdom of Cambodia, 2020-2022 34 1. Introduction Fisheries play a vital role in the lives of Cambodians and have long contributed to the national economy, providing food security, nutrition, poverty alleviation, employment and economic efficiency, foreign currency earnings, and as a cultural heritage. In 2017, marine fisheries output reached more than 120,000 tonnes, accounting for 20% of the country's total fishing output. This has been increasing every year since 2008. Despite the importance of marine fisheries, its sustainable management and development is threatened by a number of issues, including; over-fishing; over-capacity of fishing boats; illegal fishing; lack of reporting; unauthorized development, of coastal areas; habitat loss; and a lack of resources and means to implement activities for sustainable fisheries management and development. These factors are increasing fisher families, and smallholder vulnerability. For the benefit of the Cambodia nation and its people, urgent work needs to be done in the fisheries sector to enhance food security, reduce poverty and improve people's livelihoods. Key solutions include improving and supplementing fisheries-related legal instruments, strengthening fisheries governance, clarifying the responsibilities of coastal states, flag states and port owners, compliance with internationally agreed market measures, and strengthening cooperation with regional fisheries management organizations, the international community, and other countries in the elimination of IUU fishing. Detailed action plans related to the solutions mentioned above are listed in point 2 below. 2. Action Plan A. Priority activities, key indicators and implementing institutions Priority activities detailing key indicators, timelines, budget and implementation of the three-year rolling plan for the prevention and elimination of illegal unreported and unregulated fishing (2020 2022) are listed in Tables 1 and Table 2. Implementation of the plan and the achievement of key indicators of the NPOA-IUU are supported by funding available through the European Union and other development partners B. Detailed 3-years Specific Action Plan The following three-year rolling action plan lists the priority activities of the five-year NPOA-IUU, beginning with the following three points: 1. All State Responsibilities 1.1. Ratification of International instruments 1.1.1 Action: Ratify the FAQ Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, FAO and Cabinet of The Prime Minister Mode: RGC accede to and ratify the important international agreements. Timing: 2020 Costs [Source of Funding]: USD60,000 (RGC, FAQ and development partners) 1.1.2 Action: Ratify the United Nations Fish Stock Agreement (UNFSA) Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, Ministerial Council, Royal Government of Cambodia Mode: RGC accede to and ratify the important international agreements. Timing: 2020 Costs: USD10,000 (RGC) 1.2. Strengthen the National legal framework 35 1.2.1. Legislations 1.2.1.1. Action: Review and amend the Fisheries Law and develop a new Sub-decree on Marine Fisheries Implementing Agencies: FAQ, FiA, MAFF, Ministerial Council, Royal Government of Cambodia Mode: Work to be carried out with technical assistance of Senior Expert. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs: USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF; FAQ and Donor partners) 1.2.1.2 Action: Adopt the amended Fisheries Law and Sub-decree on Marine Fisheries Implementing Agencies: FAQ, FiA, MAFF, Ministerial Council, RGC Mode: Through the appropriate authorities, adopt the amended Fisheries Law and Sub-decree. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs:USD10,000 (FiA/MAFF) 1.2.3 Penalties/Sanctions 1.2.3.1 Action: Develop sanctions with effective penalties in the revised Law on Fisheries Implementing Agencies: FAQ, FiA, MAFF, Ministerial Council, Royal Government of Cambodia Mode: Work to be carried out with technical assistance of Senior Expert. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs: USD20,000 (FiA/MAFF; FAQ and Donor partners) 1.2.5 Cooperation between States 1.2.5.1 Action: Implement the arrangements agreed in the existing MOUs with Thailand and Viet Nam Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, SEAFDEC, Ministerial Council, Royal Government of Cambodia Mode: Through existing mechanisms set up by SEAFDEC and through direct engagement of senior officials, work together with neighboring countries to address common issues. Timing: 2020 - 2022 Costs USD 20,000/ year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2. Coastal State Responsibilities 2.1 Improve the management of marine fisheries resources in Cambodia 2.1.2 Action: Develop and adopt a comprehensive Marine Fisheries Management Plan Implementing Agencies: FiA, CFi, MAFF, NGQs, Donor partners, Ministerial Council, Government of Cambodia Mode: Senior Expert to facilitate a participatory planning process with all major stakeholders. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD100,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.1.3 Action: Review port sampling, data collection and analyses systems data Implementing Agencies: FiA, SEAFDEC, FAQ Mode: Review the existing data collection systems, identify gaps and provide recommendations for improvement. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD100,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.1.4 Action: Develop a fisheries information system for fisheries management and policy decision making, including sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and RFMOs Implementing Agencies: FiA, SEAFDEC, FAQ 36 Mode: Through improved technology and human capacity building, strengthen port sampling and develop an information system based on the 2018 review. Develop systems to regularly share data and information with SEAFDEC, FAQ and RFMQs. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD200,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.1.5 Action: Strengthen port sampling, data collection and fisheries information systems Implementing Agencies: FiA, SEAFDEC, FAQ Mode: Continue to improve technology and human capacity to strengthen data collection and information systems based on the 2018 review and 2019 progress. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.2. Develop systems for the authorization of Cambodian vessels to fish in Cambodian marine waters 2.2.1. Action: Conduct marine vessel survey to identify all fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, General Department of Waterways, Maritime transport and Ports Mode: Conduct a marine census based on questionnaires and analyze results. Initiate processes for registration and licensing of large and medium-scale fishing vessels. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD250,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.2.2. Action: Consider options to streamline current processes and build capacity for registering and licensing fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Merchant Department, Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport, Donor partners. Mode: FiA, in collaboration with MPWT, review and simplify the current practice of checks and certification, for registering and licensing fishing vessels. Timing: 2020 Costs USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF) 2.2.3. Action: Issue registrations to large-scale and medium-scale fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Merchant Department, Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport, Donor partners. Mode: MWPT, in collaboration with FiA, issue registration certificates and boat markings to large­ scale and medium-scale fishing vessels. Record registrations in the registration/licensing database; Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD300,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.2.4. Action: Issue licenses to large-scale and medium-scale fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Merchant Department, Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport, Donor partners. Mode: FiA issue licenses to large-scale and medium-scale fishing vessels. License conditions to specify permitted gear. Record registrations and licenses in the registration/licensing database. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD300,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.2.5. Action: Register and license small-scale fishing vessels 37 Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Merchant Department, Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport, Donor partners. Mode: MPT/FiA to develop a system of registering and licensing small-scale fishing vessels. Register and license all eligible fishing vessels. Record registrations and licenses in the registration/licensing database. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD200,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.2.6. Action: Capacity building and institutional building for FiA staff and relevant stakeholders Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT), Merchant Department, Provincial Department of Public Work and Transport and Donor partners. Mode: Using the new registration and licensing database as a focus, train appropriate fishery officers in its use, based on the new national policy for registration and licensing. Start with central staff of FiA and MWPT responsible for fishing vessels larger than 90HP. Timing: 2020 - 2022 Costs USD150,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.3. Develop systems for the authorization of foreign vessels to fish in Cambodian waters 2.3.1. Action: Through cooperation with Thailand and Viet Nam promote and enforce no foreign fishing in non-disputed Cambodian waters. Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, DOF of Thailand, DFISH of Viet Nam. Mode: Through cooperation with Thailand and Viet Nam, promote and develop mechanisms to ensure that no foreign fishing vessels are fishing in Cambodia's non-disputed marine waters. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.3.2. Action: Agree on common fisheries conservation and management measures in disputed overlapping areas. Implementing Agencies: EU FiA, MAFF, SEAFDEC, Ministerial Council, Royal Government of Cambodia Mode: Through existing mechanisms set up by SEAFDEC, and through direct engagement of senior officials work towards achieving national control over access agreements. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.4. Develop measures to control transport vessels and vehicles 2.4.1. Action: Register vessels involved in transportation and export of fish and fisheries products Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, Donor partners Mode: As part of the increased focus on registration and licensing of fishing vessels, strengthen the licensing of transportation vessels in a pilot province (Koh Kong). Then scale up to other provinces. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD100,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.4.2. Action: License vessels and vehicles involved in transportation and export of fish and fisheries products Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, and Donor partners 38 Mode: As part of the increased focus on registration and licensing of fishing vessels, strengthen the licensing of transportation vessels and vehicles in a pilot province (Koh Kong). Then scale up to other provinces. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD100,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.4.3. Action: In collaboration with the Customs and other appropriate authorities, monitor the transportation of fish and fisheries products by sea, air and road Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, and Donor partners Mode: Strengthen the systems needed to monitor fish transport by sea, air and road. Start in the pilot Province of Koh Kong and then scale up to other provinces. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD100,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5. Strengthen Monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS} 2.5.1. Action: Develop and implement the NPCI Marine Fisheries Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, and Donor partners Mode: As a first step towards strengthening MCS along the Cambodian coast, conduct a review on the roles and responsibilities of MCS agencies and provide recommendations for improvements. Then develop and adopt the NPCI based on a risk assessment of IUU fishing activities, in particular, institutional and human capacity building. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD50,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5.2. Action: Provide training for MCS as specified in the NPCI Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, and Donor partners Mode: Provide training in MCS, including control and inspection at sea, in landing sites, and at the borders, as specified in the NPCI. Possible sources of trainers could be fishery Inspectors from Thailand. Scale-up to other provinces. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD30,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5.3. Action: Purchase or repair and refurbish patrol vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, Donor partners Mode: Obtain quotations for repairs and refurbishment of patrol vessels and then carry out repairs. Note: Funding will be required for ongoing maintenance and running costs. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD2 million (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5.4. Introduce log books for large and medium-scale fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF Mode: Develop, trial and implement log books in a pilot site (Koh Kong) and then scale up to other coastal provinces. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD55,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5.5. Provide log books for large and medium-scale fishing vessels and train staff in their use. Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF 39 Mode: Develop, trial and implement log books in the pilot site and then scale up to other Provinces. Train FiA and FiA Containment Officers in log book use. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD55,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5.6. Action: Explore options for installing vessel tracking devices and systems in large and medium-scale fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, SEAFDEC, FAO, NOAA Mode: Through a regional workshop (or bilateral exchange) on satellite image management systems and VMS, use experience gained by other ASEAN countries to explore options for installing a satellite image management system and VMS for medium-scale and large-scale fishing vessels Cambodian vessels. Timing: 2020 Costs USD50,000 in (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 2.5.7. Action: Installing vessel tracking devices and systems in the large and medium­ scale fishing vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA and MAFF Mode: Procurement of tracking equipment and installation. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD500,000 in (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 3. Cambodia's Flag State Responsibilities 3.1. Develop fishing vessel registration and record of fishing vessels in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.1.1. Action: Conduct a cost/benefit analysis for Cambodia to re-introduce an international registration system. Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, and FAO. Mode: Through collaboration, FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport to conduct a cosUbenefit study that looks at both the benefits and financial costs of developing a new international register, taking into account the MCS needs for fishing and fishing-related vessels. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD100,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 3.1.2. Action: If shown to be cost-effective, develop a system to register and record fishing vessels in another State or on the high seas, that include effective control and inspection measures. Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, and FAQ. Mode: Through collaboration, FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport to develop a system to register and record non-lUU boats permitted to fish/transship/re-supply in the marine waters of other States and in high seas/RFMO areas. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 3.2 Develop systems for the authorization to fish in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.2.1 Action: Consider mechanisms to grant authorization to fish to non-lUU Cambodian vessels to fly the Cambodian flag in another State's marine waters or on the high seas that include effective control and inspection measures Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, 40 Mode: Through collaboration FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, EU develop a system to authorize non-lUU boats to fish/transship in the marine waters of other States) and in high seas/RFMQ areas, that includes checks for appropriate control and inspection measures such as observers, VMS, log books etc. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD45,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 3.3. Develop measure to control fishery related vessels 3.3.1. Action: Develop a system to register and record Cambodian flagged, fishing related vessels in another State or on the high seas, that include effective control and inspection measures Implementing Agencies: FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport Mode: Through collaboration FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport develop measures to control fishing and re-supply vessels. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 4. Port State Measures 4.1.1. Introduce Port State Measures (PSM) 4.1.1 Action: Implement the PSMA by identifying and designating ports/landing sites for foreign vessels Implementing Agencies: FiA and FAO Mode: With FAQ assistance, identify and designate official ports/landing sites for foreign vessels. This is particularly urgent for two Chinese vessels recently authorized to fish in Cambodian waters, Timing: 2020 Costs USD30,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 4.1.2. Action: Introduce port/landing site inspections for foreign IUU fishing Implementing Agencies: FiA, and Ministry of Public Works and Transport Mode: With FAQ assistance and through collaboration between FiA, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, develop inspection procedures for foreign vessels in Cambodian ports/landing sites. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 4.2. Develop procedures for foreign vessels found to be IUU vessels 4.2.1. Action: Under the PSMA develop procedures for foreign vessels suspected of IUU fishing. Implementing Agencies: FiA, and Ministry of Public Works and Transport Mode: Through collaboration FiA and Ministry of Public Works and Transport, develop procedures for foreign vessels suspected of IUU fishing. Train inspectors and carry out inspections. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD25,000 (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 4.3. Increase cooperation with Port States and RFMOs 4.3.1. Action: Cooperate with coastal States, port States, interested States and regional fishery management organizations on IUU fishing Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, SEAFDEC, and RFMOs Mode: Through existing ASEAN, SEAFDEC and RFMO mechanisms, cooperate and provide information on foreign IUU vessels in Cambodian ports. 41 Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD20,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 4.3.2. Action: Share information on IUU fishing and MCS through the SEAFDEC sub­ regional MCS network initiatives in the Gulf of Thailand Implementing Agencies: FiA Marine Inspectorate, Navy, Marine Police Mode: Through the SEAFDEC MCS sub-regional network initiative, share information and experiences on IUU and MCS. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD15,000/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 5. Internationally-agreed Market Related Measures 5.1. Develop catch documentation schemes Action: Adapt and trial SEAFDEC's ASEAN catch documentation scheme Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF, SEAFDEC, OCEANs Partnership Mode: Through collaboration with SEAFDEC and OCEANs Partnership, develop and trial the catch documentation schemes Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD50,000 [FiA/MAFF; Donor partners and SEAFDEC] 6. Cooperation with RFMOS and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing 6.1. Cooperate with RFMOs, where appropriate Action: Continue to share information to RFMOS on Cambodian flagged vessels on the high seas and in RFMO areas Implementing Agencies: FiA and MAFF Mode: Cooperate with RFMOs, as required. Timing: 2020-2021 Costs USD10,000/year (FiA/MAFF) 7. Special Requirements of Developing Nations 7.1. Arrange capacity development in ASEAN Action: Continue to work with ASEAN Secretariat, SEAFDEC and FAQ to build human capacity of FiA and partner organisations Implementing Agencies: FiA, Navy, Marine Police, ASEAN Secretariat, SEAFDEC, FAO Mode: Participate, wherever possible in capacity building activities with other ASEAN Member States, including joint patrols with neighboring authorities. Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD20,000 per person/year (FiA/MAFF and Donor partners) 8. Reporting 8.1 Strengthen reporting requirements 8.1.1 Action: Each year, develop a NPOA implementation work plan and budget Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF Mode: Based on a 3-year rolling plan, develop an implementation work plan for each year Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD20,000/year (FiA/MAFF) 42 8.1.2 Action: Report on progress in implementing the NPAO-IUU through the FiA Annual Report Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF Mode: Report on progress against the actions in each year's Implementation Work Plan Timing: 2020-2022 Costs USD15,000 (FiA/MAFF) 8.1.3 Action: Report to the FAO every two years. Implementing Agencies: FiA, MAFF Mode: Biennial Reporting to FAQ in relation to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Timing: 2021 and 2023 Costs USD10,000 (FiA/MAFF) 43 C. Table of prioritize actions, Key Performance Indicators and Responsible Institutions Action Target Key Performance Indicators Responsible agencies 2020 2021 2022 1 State responsibilities 1.1 Key international legal instruments 1.1.1 Prepare and ratify the FAQ's PSMA ✓ PSMA document is adapted, printed and FiAand MAFF disseminated 1.1.2 Prepare and ratify the UN FSA ✓ UN FSA document is adapted, printed and FiAand MAFF disseminated 1.2 National legislation 1.2.1 Fisheries legislations 1.2.1.1 Continue to review and amend the Fisheries Law and develop a ✓ ✓ Final draft Amended Fisheries law and FiA and MAFF new Sub-Decree on Marine Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing Sub-Decree on Marine Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing 1.2.1.2 Adopt the Fisheries Law and Sub-Decree on Marine Fisheries and ✓ ✓ Fisheries Law and Sub-Decree on Marine FiA and MAFF Distant Water Fishing Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing documents is adopted, printed and disseminated 1.2.3 Penalties/Sanctions 1.2.3.1 Develop sanctions with appropriate penalties in the revised Law ✓ ✓ Sanctions and penalties are revised in the FiA and MAFF on Fisheries Law on Fisheries 1.2.5 Collaboration with the others states 1.2.5.1 Continue to update and implement the MoU with D-Fish of ✓ ✓ ✓ The updated and agreed MoUs are FiA and MAFF Vietnam and Department of Fisheries Thailand, agreed in MoU implemented 2 Coastal state responsibilities 2.1 Fisheries Resources Management 2.1.2 Develop a comprehensive National Marine Fisheries Management ✓ ✓ Fisheries Management Plan finalized and FiAand MAFF Plan adopted 2.1.3 Improve port sampling, data collection and analyses systems ✓ ✓ Report on findings from the data collection FiA and information review 2.1.4 Develop a fisheries information system for fisheries management ✓ ✓ Improved data collection systems and FiA and policy decision making, including sharing with SEAFDEC, information systems compared to the base FAO and RFMOs line of 2020. Information shared annually 44 Action Target Key Performance Indicators Responsible agencies 2020 2021 2022 with SEAFDEC and FAO 2.1.5 Strengthen data collection and fisheries information systems and ✓ ✓ Improved data collection systems and FiA, MAFF and sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and RFMOs information systems compared to the base- development partners line of 2020. Information shared annually with SEAFDEC and FAO 2.2 Authorization of Cambodian marine fishing vessels for fishing in Cambodia water 2.2.1 Continue to collect data and information on all marine fishing ✓ ✓ The data and information of all marine FiA, MAFF and MPWT vessels fishing vessels are aggregated, analyzed and disseminated. The national marine fishing vessels database is reviewed and manaQed 2.2.2 Capacity building and institutional building for licensing and ✓ Increased number of trained staff capable FiA, MAFF and MPWT registration of fishing vessels in FiA and MWPT of registering and licensing fishing vessels in FiA and MWPT 2.2.3 Promote registration of all large and medium scale fishing vessels ✓ ✓ all large scale and medium scale fishing FiA, MAFF and MPWT vessels are registered 2.2.4 Issue licenses to all large-scale and medium-scale fishing vessels ✓ ✓ All large- and medium-scale vessels FiA, MAFF licensed with permitted gears included in the license conditions 2.2.5 Record and Issue certificates of record to all small scale fishing ✓ ✓ all small scale fishing vessels are recorded FiA vessels and provide with certificates 2.2.6 Build human and institutional capacity for issuing permits or ID ✓ ✓ ✓ Provincial fisheries officers are trained in FiA, MAFF and MPWT cards to coastal fishing vessels the registration and issuance of fishing vessel licenses and IDs 2.3 Authorization of foreign marine fishing vessels for fishing in Cambodia water 2.3.1 Through cooperation with Thailand and Viet Nam, promote and ✓ ✓ Collaboration with Thailand and Vietnam is FiA enforce no foreign fishing in non-disputed Cambodian waters. strengthened No Thai and Vietnamese fishing vessels reported as fishino in Cambodia's EEZ 2.3.2 Agree on common fisheries conservation and management ✓ ✓ Agreements on joint fisheries management FiA, MAFF and MPWT measures in disputed overlapping areas. and conservation measures in jointly claimed areas and historic waters, will be siqned 2.4 Develop measures to control transport vessels and vehicles 2.4.1 Register vessels involved in transport and export of fish and fish ✓ ✓ All vessels and vehicles involved in the FiAand MPWT products transportation and export of fisheries products are registered 45 Action Target Key Performance Indicators Responsible agencies 2020 2021 2022 2.4.2 License vessels and vehicles involved in transport and export of ✓ ✓ ✓ All vessels and vehicles involved in the FiAand MAFF fish and fish products transportation and export of fisheries products are issued 2.4.3 In collaboration with Customs and other appropriate authorities, ✓ ✓ ✓ Monitoring system approved and used to FiA, General monitor the transportation of fish and fisheries products by sea, air monitor the transportation of fish and Department of Custom and road fisheries products and concerned institutions 2.5 Strengthen Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) 2.5.1 Develop and implement the NPCI-MF ✓ ✓ ✓ Report assessing the implementation of the FiA and concerned national plan for monitoring and inspection institutions 2.5.2 Provide training for MCS as specified in the NPCI-MF ✓ ✓ ✓ A trained officer FiA and concerned Implementation of monitoring, monitoring institutions and practical investiqations 2.5.3 Purchase or repair and refurbish patrol vessels ✓ ✓ ✓ Control vessels have been fully refurbished FiA and are operational 2.5.5 Introduce log books for large-scale and medium-scale vessels and ✓ ✓ ✓ The Fisheries Statistics Manual is put in FiAand MAFF train FiA, FiA Cantonment officers and fishers place and fishers trained in log book use. 2.5.6 Explore options for installing vessel tracking devices and systems ✓ Appropriate monitoring systems and FiA in the large and medium-scale vessels equipment selected for use on medium and large-scale fishing vessels 2.5.7 Install VMS/GMS for large and medium-scale vessels ✓ Medium and large scale fishing vessel FiA monitoring offices set up and functioning in the Fisheries Administration 3 Flag State Responsibilities 3.1 Develop fishing vessel registration and record of fishing vessels in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.1.1 Conduct a cosUbenefit analysis for Cambodia to re-introduce an ✓ ✓ Reports, results, analyzes and evaluations FiA, MAFF, MPWT and international registration system of investment and profit are prepared and Cabinet of Council distributed Ministers 3.1.2 If shown to be cost-effective, develop a system to register and ✓ ✓ Public registration of foreign fishing vessels FiA, MAFF, MPWT and record fishing vessels in other States or on the high seas, that flying the Cambodian flag Cabinet of Council include effective control and inspection measures Ministers 3.2 Develop systems for the authorization to fish in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.2.1 Consider mechanisms for granting authorization to non-lUU ✓ ✓ ✓ Transparent procedures have been agreed FiA, MAFF, MPWT and foreign fishing vessels to fly the Cambodian flag in other State's for granting legal foreign fishing vessels Cabinet of Council marine waters or on the high seas, that include effective control permission to fly the Cambodia flag when, Ministers and inspection measures fishing in the EEZ of other states or on the high seas 3.3 Develop measure to control fishery related vessels 46 Action Target Key Performance Indicators Responsible agencies 2020 2021 2022 3.3.1 Develop a system to register and record Cambodian flagged ✓ ✓ Registration System for Cambodian FiA, MAFF, MPWT and fishing related vessels fishing in other States or on the high seas, flagged fishing vessel established Cabinet of Council that include effective control and inspection measures Ministers 4 Port State Measures (PSM) 4.1 Implement PSM 4.1.1 Implement the PSMA by identifying and designating ports/landing ✓ Disseminate information on designated FiAand MAFF sites for foreign vessels fishing ports/landing sites for foreign fishing vessels 4.1.2 Introduce port/landing site inspections for foreign fishing vessels ✓ ✓ A manual on procedures for introducing FiAand MAFF suspected of IUU fishing. inspections of foreign illegal fishing vessels prepared 4.2 Develop procedures for foreign vessels found to be IUU vessels 4.2.1 Under the PSMA develop procedures for foreign vessels found to ✓ ✓ Guidelines on procedures for foreign FiAand MAFF be IUU vessels vessels identified as engaging in IUU fishing, developed and implemented 4.3 Increase cooperation with port States/RFMOs 4.3.1 Cooperate with coastal States, port States, interested States and ✓ ✓ ✓ Information systems on IUU fishing vessels FiA and state regional fishery management organizations on IUU fishing established and information shared with concerned States and RMFOs 4.3.2 Share information on IUU fishing and MCS through the SEAFDEC ✓ ✓ ✓ Information system on IUU fishing vessels FiA and SEAFDEC sub-regional MCS network initiatives in the Gulf of Thailand established and information relevant to the Gulf of Thailand shared. 5 Internationally-agreed Market Related Measures 5.1 Develop Catch Documentation Schemes 5.1.1 Adapt and trial SEAFDEC's ASEAN catch documentation scheme ✓ ✓ SEAFDEC's ASEAN catch documentation FiA scheme adapted for use in the Cambodian context 5.1.2 Build capacity to record fishing statistics and verify permits with ✓ Teams trained and performing FiA another countries professionally and effectively 6 Cooperation with RFMOS and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing 6.1. Cooperate with RFMOs, where appropriate. Continue to share ✓ ✓ An information system on IUU fishing FiA, MAFF and information to RFMOs on Cambodian flagged vessels operating established and information shared MPWT on the high seas and in RFMO areas 7 Special Requirements of Developing Nations 7.1. Arrange capacity development in ASEAN ✓ ✓ ✓ Trained officers implementing effective FiA, ASEAN Sec, Continue to work with ASEAN Secretariat, SEAFDEC and FAO to monitoring, control and surveillance SEAFDEC Sec, and build human capacity of FiA and partner organisations FAO 8 Reporting 47 Action Target Key Performance Indicators Responsible agencies 2020 2021 2022 8.1 Strengthen reporting requirements 8.1.1 Develop a NPOA implementation work plan and budget for each ✓ ✓ ✓ Annual plans and budgets prepared and FiAand MAFF year approved 8.1.2 Report on progress in implementing the NPOA-IUU, through the ✓ ✓ ✓ NPOA-IUU annual performance reports FiAand MAFF FiA Annual Report prepared and approved 8.1.3 Report to the FAO every two years. ✓ NPOA-IUU performance reports prepared FiAand MAFF and approved and reported to FAO every two vears D. Table of prioritize actions, and budgets Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Responsible agencies No 2020 2021 2022 Total 1 State responsibilities 1.1 Key international legal instruments 1.1.1 Prepare and ratify the FAO's PSMA 60 60 FiAand MAFF 1.1.2 Prepare and ratify the UN FSA 10 10 FiAand MAFF 1.2 National legislation 1.2.1 Fisheries legislations 1.2.1.1 Continue to review and amend the Fisheries Law and develop a new Sub-Decree on Marine 200 200 FiA and MAFF Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing 1.2.1.2 Adapt the Fisheries Law and Sub-Decree on Marine Fisheries and Distant Water Fishing 10 10 FiA and MAFF 1.2.3 Penalties/Sanctions 1.2.3.1 Develop sanctions with appropriate penalties in the revised Law on Fisheries 10 10 20 FiA and MAFF 1.2.5 Collaboration with the others States 1.2.5.1 Continue to update and implement the MoU with D-Fish of Vietnam and Department of Fisheries 20 20 20 60 FiA and MAFF 48 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Responsible agencies No 2020 2021 2022 Total Thailand, agreed in MoU 2 Coastal state responsibilities 2.1 Fisheries Resources Management 2.1.2 Develop a comprehensive National Marine Fisheries Management Plan 50 50 100 FiAand MAFF 2.1.3 Improve port sampling, data collection and analyses systems 50 50 100 FiA 2.1.4 Develop a fisheries information system for fisheries management and policy decision making, 100 100 200 FiA including sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and RFMOs 2.1.5 Strengthen data collection and fisheries information systems and sharing with SEAFDEC, FAO and 50 50 100 FiA, MAFF and RFMOs development partners 2.2 Authorization of Cambodian marine fishing vessels for fishing in Cambodia water 2.2.1 Continue to collect data and information on all marine fishing vessels 125 125 250 FiA, MAFF and MPWT 2.2.2 Capacity I institutional building for licensing and registration of fishing vessels in FiA and MWPT 50 50 FiA, MAFF and MPWT 2.2.3 Promote registration of all large scale and medium scale fishing vessels 150 150 300 FiA, MAFF and MPWT 2.2.4 Issue licenses to all large-scale and medium-scale fishing vessels 150 150 300 FiA, MAFF 2.2.5 Record and Issue certificates of record to all small scale fishing vessels 100 100 200 FiA 2.2.6 Build human and institutional capacity for issuing permits or ID cards to coastal fishing vessels 50 50 50 150 FiA, MAFF and MPWT 2.3 Authorization of foreign marine fishing vessels for fishing in Cambodia water 2.3.1 Through cooperation with Thailand and Viet Nam promote and enforce no foreign fishing in non- 25 25 50 FiA disputed Cambodian waters 2.3.2 Agree on common fisheries conservation and management measures in disputed overlapping areas 25 25 50 FiA, MAFF and MPWT 2.4 Develop measures to control transportation vessels and vehicles 2.4.1 Register vessels involved in transportation and export of fish and fisheries products 100 100 200 FiAand MPWT 49 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Responsible agencies No 2020 2021 2022 Total 2.4.2 License vessels and vehicles involved in transport and export of fish and fisheries products 100 100 100 300 FiAand MAFF 2.4.3 In collaboration with Customs and other appropriate authorities, monitor transport of fish and 100 100 100 300 FiA, General Department fisheries products by sea, air and road. of Customs and concerned institutions 2.5 Strengthen Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) 2.5.1 Develop and implement the NPCI-MF 50 50 50 150 FiA and concerned institutions 2.5.2 Provide training on MCS as specified in the NPCI-MF 30 30 30 90 FiA and concerning institutions 2.5.3 Purchase or repair and refurbish patrol vessels 1500 125 125 1750 FiA 2.5.5 Introduce log books for large-scale and medium-scale fishing vessels and train FiA, FiA Cantonment 10 35 35 80 FiAand MAFF and fishers. 2.5.6 Explore options for installing vessel tracking devices and systems in the large and medium-scale 50 50 FiA fishing vessels 2.5.7 Install VMS/GMS on large and medium-scale fishing vessels 50 50 FiA 3 Flag State Responsibilities 3.1 Develop fishing vessel registration and record of fishing vessels in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.1.1 Conduct a cosUbenefit analysis for Cambodia to re-introduce an international registration system 50 50 100 FiA, MAFF, MPWT and Cabinet of Council Ministers 3.1.2 If shown to be cost-effective, develop a system to register and record fishing vessels in other States 25 25 50 FiA, MAFF, MPWT and or on the high seas, that include effective control and inspection measures Cabinet of Council Ministers 3.2 Develop systems for the authorization to fish in the marine waters of another State or on the high seas 3.2.1 Consider mechanisms to grant authorization to fish to non-lUU Cambodian vessels to fly the 15 15 15 45 FiA, MAFF, MPWT and Cambodian flag in another State's marine waters or on the high seas, that include effective control Cabinet of Council and inspection measures. Ministers 3.3 Develop measure to control fishery related vessels 50 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Responsible agencies No 2020 2021 2022 Total 3.3.1 Develop a system to register and record Cambodian flagged fishing related vessels in other States 50 50 10 FiA, MAFF, MPWT and or on the high seas, that include effective control and inspection measures Cabinet of Council Ministers 4 Port State Measures (PSM) 4.1 Implement PSM 4.1.1 Implement the PSMA by identifying and designating ports/landing sites for foreign vessels 30 30 FiAand MAFF 4.1.2 Introduce ports/landing site inspections for foreign IUU fishing 25 25 50 FiAand MAFF 4.2 Develop procedures for foreign vessels found to be IUU vessels 4.2.1 Under the PSMA develop procedures for foreign vessels found to be engaging in IUU fishing 25 25 50 FiAand MAFF 4.3 Increase cooperation with port States/RFMOs 4.3.1 Cooperate with coastal States, port States, interested States and regional fishery management 20 20 20 60 FiA and state concerned organizations on IUU fishing 4.3.1 Share information on IUU fishing and MCS through the SEAFDEC sub-regional MCS network 15 15 15 45 FiA and SEAFDEC initiatives in the Gulf of Thailand 5 Internationally-agreed Market Related Measures 5.1 Develop Catch Documentation Schemes 5.1.1 Adapt and trial the SEAFDEC's ASEAN catch documentation scheme 50 50 100 FiA 6 Cooperation with RFMOS and other Countries to Eliminate IUU Fishing 6.1 Cooperate with RFMOs, where appropriate 10 10 20 FiA, MAFF and MPWT Continue to share information to RFMOs on Cambodian flagged vessels on the high seas and in RFMO areas 7 Special Requirements of Developing Nations 7.1 Arrange capacity development in ASEAN 20 20 20 60 FiA, ASEAN Sec, Continue to work with the ASEAN Secretariat, SEAFDEC and FAO to build human capacity of FiA SEAFDEC Sec, and FAO and partner organisations 51 Action Budget plan (x USD1000) Responsible agencies No 2020 2021 2022 Total 8 Reporting 8.1 Strengthen reporting requirements 8.1.1 Each year, develop a NPOA implementation work plan and budget 5 5 5 15 FiAand MAFF 8.1.2 Report on progress in implementing the NPAO-IUU through the FiA Annual Report 5 5 5 15 FA and MAFF 8.1.3 Report to the FAQ every two years. 10 10 FiAand MAFF Grand Total 5,930 52 GLOSSARY Coastal fishing area refers to the sea fishing territory extending from the highest tide line to the outer boundary of the territorial sea, 12 miles or 22.20 km from the base line. Off shore fishing area refers to a marine fishing territory extending from the outer boundary of the sea to the border outside the exclusive economic zone (200 miles, 12 miles, 348.20 km). International sea or high Refers to the sea surface area from the outer line of the exclusive economic sea zone The front is more than 200 miles or 370.40 kilometers from the base line. Family - scale fishing Small - scale fishing Medium - scale fishing Large - scale fishing Illegal fishing Unreported fishing Unregulated fishing Monitoring Fishing transfer The self-defense Refers to manual fishing or use of traditional or traditional fishing gear or fishing without a fishing vessel. Refers to fishing using either a small-scale fishing gear or fishing vessels up to 12 meters, for the marine fishery domain, excluding the use of trawlers. Refers to fishing using either a medium-scale fishing gear or fishing vessels between 12 and 24 meters long for the marine fishery domain, including the use of trawls of any length. Refers to fishing using either a large-scale fishing gear or a fishing vessel over 24 meters in length for the marine fishery domain Refers to the following activities: 1. actions by a fishing vessel in the waters under the jurisdiction of that State without the permission or in violation of the laws and regulations of the State; 2. committed by ships carrying the flags of States that are parties to any relevant regional fisheries management organization, but in violation of management and conservation measures adopted by that organization and by the States responsible or the relevant provisions of international laws that are in effect; 3. in violation of national or international obligations, including any rules and obligations imposed by the cooperative states or with relevant regional fisheries management organizations. refers to fishing activities that: 1. Fail to report or reports falsely to the relevant national authorities in violation of national laws or regulations; 2. are in areas of the jurisdiction of the relevant regional fisheries management organizations that have not been reported or reported in lieu of the reporting procedures of that institution; Refers to fishing activities: 1. in areas subject to the provisions of the relevant Regional Fisheries Management Organization, actions by an unidentified vessel or vessel carrying the flag of a State that is not a party to that institution, or by any fishing entity that is not compliant with, or violates the organization's management and conservation measures; 2. in protected areas by non-compliant fishers; Refers to a system of measures used for monitoring fisheries activities and surveys. Refers to the act of transferring fish or fisheries products from one fishing vessel to another, whether at sea or at a port or a fishing dock. Refers to decentralized monitoring and the monitoring team that people participate in - usually done on a one-to-one basis. 53 Marine fisheries domain All states A coastal state Flag State A port state Inspection Regional Fisheries Management Organization and Regional Fisheries Working Group Refers to as the tide or sea level that extends as the tide moves along the coast to the outer reaches of the exclusive economic zone, including internal waters and territorial waters (in this document Either Cambodian or Cambodian waters). Refers to the nations or territories that constitute a political community under one government. Refers to a sovereign state in the coastal area for the exploration and exploitation, management and conservation of marine resources that are or are not alive, within its jurisdiction. refers to a sovereign state that grants the right to exploit foreign vessels in international waters. Refers to a state that provides a place for fishing vessels or for services. refers to the activity of inspecting vessels, equipment, and documents for fishing in the sea, at ports or fishing grounds, or anywhere in the supply chain. Refers to an international body or treaty arrangement between two or more States responsible for fisheries management, including the establishment of management measures .. The relevant organizations and teams are responsible for all technical services such as information gathering, analysis, evaluation, inventory, monitoring, monitoring and observation, stakeholder consultations, implementation, and determination of fishing access and resource allocation. 54 REFERENCES 1. Agnew D J, Pearce J, Pramod G, Peatman T, Watson R, Beddington J R, Pitcher T J (2009): Estimating the worldwide extent of illegal fishing. PLoS ONE. 2009; 4(2): e4570. Published online 2009 Feb 25. doi: 10.13 71/journal.pone. 0004570 PM CID: PMC2646833. 2. Funge-Smith (per comm): Based on an APFIC study "Regional review of illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing by foreign vessels". Asia-Pacific Fisheries Commission. 3. UNIDO/MAFF 2015: Value Chain Assessment of Marine Fisheries Sector and Roadmap for Development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization/ Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 4. MAFF (2015): The Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries: Update for 2015-2024. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and FIA Fisheries Statistics for 2017. 5. Teh, L, Shon D, Zylich Kand Zeller D (2014): Reconstructing Cambodia's marine fisheries catch 1950-2010. The University of British Columbia Working Paper #2014-18. 6. FiA (2016) Assessment report of fishing capacity and IUU in Cambodia's EEZ and high seas. 7. Fisheries Administration: Report on Marine fishing vessel census 2018 (in Khmer). 8. Fisheries Administration: Annual report 2019. 9. DOF Fisheries Statistics for 2015. 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