Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism Sector 2015-2018

Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King Royal Government of Cambodia Ministry of Tourism ផែនការសកម្មភាពឆ្លើយតបនឹងការផរបរបួល អាកាសធាតុក្នងុវិសយ័ឆេសចរណ៍ ២០១៥-២០១៨ CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN IN TOURISM SECTOR 2015-2018 2015 ii Acknowledgement The development of Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP 2015-2018) for Tourism Sector is the result of commitment and political support from the Royal Government of Cambodia. The ministry has established the Climate Change Technical Team of (CCTT) which consists of all key technical departments representative as well as department of planning, finance, and administrative for the preparation of the Climate Change Action Plan for Tourism Sector. The participations from all key departments enhance the coherent and alignment of climate change action plan to the existing plans of the ministry and to the national priority. Climate Change Technical Team of the Ministry of Tourism would like to express deep appreciation for continuous support from the H.E. Dr. Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism and to other government ministries, technical departments, development partners and non-governmental organizations for invaluable inputs in preparation of this action plan. The team also wishes to thank to the National Climate Change Committee and Ministry of Environment for taking leading role in the coordination for addressing climate change in Cambodia. Finally, the development of Climate Change Action Plan for Tourism Sector was made possible through technical and financial supports from Climate Change Department of Ministry of Environment through Cambodia Climate Change Alliance funded by the European Union (EU), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). iii Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ ii Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................. v Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... vi 1. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Vision ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Mission .................................................................................................................................................. 2 4. Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 2 5. Strategy Framework .............................................................................................................................. 3 5.1. Strategic Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 3 National Policy on Tourism .................................................................................................................. 3 Tourism in Cambodia ........................................................................................................................... 3 Climate Change Projections and Implications ..................................................................................... 3 Climate Change Impacts on Tourism ................................................................................................... 4 Climate Change Adaptation in Tourism Sector ................................................................................... 5 Contribution of Tourism to Climate Change........................................................................................ 5 Priority Policy ....................................................................................................................................... 5 5.2. Key Strategies ................................................................................................................................ 6 6. Action Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 6 6.1. Scope of Action Plan ..................................................................................................................... 6 6.2. Action Plan Matrix ......................................................................................................................... 6 6.3. Implications for Expenditure in the Ministry ................................................................................ 7 6.4. Expected benefits from the Implementation of the Action Plan .................................................. 8 7. Management and Financing Mechanism .............................................................................................. 8 7.1. Analysis of existing management and financing mechanism ....................................................... 8 iv 7.2. Analysis of potential sources and volume of finance for Climate Change actions ....................... 8 7.3. Entry points for climate change mainstreaming in management and financing mechanisms..... 9 8. Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................................................... 9 9. Law and Regulation Requirement ....................................................................................................... 10 10. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 10 References .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Annex 1: The Long List of Actions ............................................................................................................... 12 Annex 2: Short-list of Action ....................................................................................................................... 13 Annex 3: Action Fiche of Actions ................................................................................................................ 15 Action 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Action 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 17 Action 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Action 4 ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Action 5 ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Action 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 26 Action 7 ................................................................................................................................................... 28 Action 8 ................................................................................................................................................... 30 Annex 4: Roles of Climate Change Technical Working Group of the Ministry of Tourism ......................... 32 v List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations CBT Community Based Tourism CBET Community Based Eco-Tourism CCAP Climate Change Action Plan CCCSP Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014-2023 CO2 Carbon dioxide CCTT Climate Change Technical Team GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gas IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change MoE Ministry of Environment MoT Ministry of Tourism NCCC National Climate Change Committee NIS National Institute of Statistics NSDP National Strategic Development Plan PDT Provincial Department of Tourism RGC Royal Government of Cambodia SDP Sector Development Plan TDSP Tourism Development Strategic Plan 2012-2020 UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNWTO World Tourism Organization USD United States Dollar WMO World Meteorological Organization. vi Executive Summary Tourism sector has played an important role both national identity and economic development and employment opportunities. Number of international visitor increases more than 20% annually and tourism sector continues to contribute more than 16% to national GDP and generates 700,000 jobs (both direct and indirect) in 2013. Given this importance, Royal Government of Cambodia labels tourism sector as “Green Gold”. However, the risk from Climate Change reported in the Second National Communication to UNFCCC by the Minister of Environment impacts Cambodia economic development, livelihoods and natures. Tourism sector on one hand is victim of climate induced disasters, e.g. storms, floods, droughts or heat wave affects tourist activities. On another hand, World Tourism Organization and United Nation Environment Program reported that tourism sector generates 5% of global GHG emission. This pivotal role of tourism is leverage in this action plan of the Cambodia Ministry of Tourism. The Ministry of Environment provided technical supports with adaptation of outline from the Council of Ministers to the development of Climate Change Action Plan for Ministry of Tourism (2015-2018). The CCAP for MoT adopts the strategies of the CCCSP and aligns to the annual work plan of the ministry. Through participatory consultative process, the Ministry of Tourism has identified 7 prioritized actions responding to climate change with total budget estimation of USD 2,900,000 for implementing the actions from 2015 to 2018. Throughout participatory consultation process, the ministry has identified 7 prioritized Actions and Key indicators for 2015-2018 included: Key actions Key indicators 1 Livelihood improvement of people and Environmental Management in heritage site (Sambor Prey Kuk), Kompong Thom province. # of ha or plot of farms employed climate resilient technology, e.g. dripping system for vegetable farm, zero-tillage for rice paddy. # of new crops # of hectare of Rattan plantation and reforestation Solid waste collection system in the communities # of tons of solid waste collected and recycle / year 2 Promote livelihood resilience through tourism development in Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism 10 Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism to be piloting climate resilience livelihood activities Conduct lesson learns to be scaling up to 56 communities for the second phases At least 10,000 local communities direct benefit and improved their livelihood resilient to climate change 3 Piloting solid waste management and sanitation improvement in the Peam Krasob Community Based Eco Tourism. Community committee for solid waste and sanitation # of ha for side of landfill # of ton composting facility capacity One on-site wastewater treatment facility # of awareness raising activities (trainings, sign-boards, vii etc.) 4 Promote District of excellence (Sangkat Koumru) and Clean City in 4 main tourism destinations (Por Sen Chey in PP, Krong Siem Reap in SR, Krong Preah Sihanouk in SHV, Krong Battambang in BTB)  Number of campaigns to raise awareness on Sangkat Kumru and waste management  Number of rubbish bins to be installed/distributed  System of waste collection and waste separating  Functioning community based solid waste management.  Consumer goods made from recycled waste sold and/or produced. 5 Awareness rising to Tourism Industry on Environment and Climate Change. Awareness raising materials, e.g. billboards, posters, leaflet, brochures to be produced. # of Campaigns in the tourism destinations # awareness raising for students and involved them in volunteer activities to increase the awareness. # of hotel will be trained about the Green Hotel Standard concept and Award. 6 Developing of joint Prakas on CBT/CBET with MAFF, MOE, and climate mainstreaming CBT Development and Management Updated the content in Join-Prakas on Community Based Tourism (CBT and Community Based Ecotourism (CCBET) to add response to climate change issues # of consultation on the integration of climate change response in the CBT/CBET joint Prakas. # of dissemination workshops/events 7 Promote Green Standard hotels in Cambodia # of Hotel evaluated for green hotel award # events/campaigns to hotel associations and hotel owners # of joint campaigns or advertisement on Green Hotel in Cambodia to tourists. 8 Promoting One Tourist, One Tree” Campaign on selected tourism parks 4 tourism parks developed and piloting as model for scaling up existing 4,000 tourists/tour companies participating in the campaign 400,000 trees have been planted Key impacts Enhance tourism development through cultural heritage, natural system with sustainable manner and contributing to economic, social, employment generation and poverty reduction. Promoting the linkage of conservation to ecotourism strengthening and contributing to development, protection and conservation of cultural and historical heritage and natural resources. Improving infrastructure related to tourism in the country. Improving tourism standards to improve product quality. Poverty alleviation and employment generation Promote the green tourism Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 1 1. Background The response of the tourism community to the challenge of climate change has visibly increased in recently years. Recent natural phenomena, such as the delayed rains in 2010, further demonstrate the extreme dependence of rural people’s well-being on the regularity of seasons, controlled by the climate, and the availability of natural resources like water. The late onset of the rainy season resulted in record-low water levels on the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers, and raised concerns in the public media regarding climate change. Many tourism activities were already impacted by extreme events such as devastating Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009, Mekong typhoon in late 2011 and recent floods in late 2013 caused by climate change (MOE & UNDP 2011, RGC 2014). Cambodia is one of the most favourable tourism destination for its cultural heritage both ancient temples and visible culture in the region. Its activities have become the third largest sector of GDP after agriculture and garment industry. Tourism sector received 2.1 million arrivals visitors in 2007 with income of US$ 1,400 million. In 2008, the total foreign visitors moved up to 2.2 million with total revenues of US$ 1.5 billion. This sector also attracts 7 million domestic tourists throughout the country. National revenue from tourism has increased 17-fold from USD100 million in 1995 to USD 1,786 million in 2010, generated 315,000 jobs in the same year. With growth rate of international tourist arrivals more than 20% annually, the RGC sets target for the tourism sector (in number of international tourist arrivals) to 4.5 million and 6.1 million international tourists by 2015 and 2018 respectively, while the target for domestic tourist is 10.5 million, which all together would create 700,000 jobs both direct and indirect (RGC, 2013). Tourism, both domestic and international, is making important contribution to economic growth as well as contribution to greenhouse gas emission. It is estimated that tourist-related activities contribute around 5 percent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. And, although, major cities offer widest range of tourist attractions, smalls and medium-sized cities with considerable cultural offering and heritage sites are increasingly becoming popular destination. Promoting tourism in such cities will need to take into consideration environmental impact issues (e.g GHG emissions, local air pollution, waste management, soil degradation) so that they will continue to be attractive destination (Kumar et al, 2014). It is estimated that tourism-related activities contribute around 5% of global CO2 emission (WTO, & UNEP,, 2008). The Cambodia Tourism Development Strategic Plan 2012-2020 (TDSP) recognises the need to solve global climate change and promote to green growth development in Cambodia (RGC, 2012). The climate change adaptation and mitigation strategic plan for tourism can lead to a “win-win” situation for local and visitors alike by reducing GHG emission while creating “Green Jobs”—environmentally friendly, decent work and income—and a sustainable tourism industry (Kumar 2014). The Ministry of Tourism has mandate to oversight and promote tourism sector in Cambodia. It is necessary for MoT to address climate change issue by preparing strategic and action plan (Climate Change Strategic and Action Plan for Ministry of Tourism) and integrated into the sector development plan of MoT. The strategic plan provides area of focus to address climate change in tourism sector, while action plan defines concrete actions on climate change responses, which are integrated into the annual work plans of MoT. The development of Climate Change Action Plan for Ministry of Tourism followed the outline from Council of Ministers, while technical guideline on climate change was the support from Ministry of Environment. The CCAP for Ministry of Tourism outlines Vision, Mission, Goal and Objective, and Strategic Framework and Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 2 Analyses. The Strategic Objective and Strategy for Ministry of Tourism adopts from CCCSP. The action plan operationalizes the strategies with details on the actions. The document also provides mechanism for management and financing, and monitoring and evaluation framework. The policies and existing actions The ministry in recent years has developed various strategies, guideline and policy framework. These include:  Clean city internal guideline has been developed and encourage for small, medium and large city competition based on set criteria with around 77 indicators. Key sector which include environment (water quality, air, noise pollution, mode of travelling, energy uses), clean indicators, waste management indicators, green principle indicators, health, security and order, infrastructure and tourism services.  The strategic Development Plan for Tourism sector 2012-2020 have developed four priority areas in the country which incluce Phnom Penh and surrounding areas which include farming in Kampong Speu and Kandal, Mekong river downstream and Basac river, Siem Reap and surrounding area include Tonle Sap Lak, K4 area such as Kep, Kampot, Koh Kong and Kampong some and Northeast region included Kratie, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri. Among these, the country also designated four major regions of ecotourism development: (i) Northeast Region, (ii) Tonle Sap Multiple Use Area, (iii) Costal zones or K 4: Kep, Kampot, Koh Kong and Kampong Som (Sihanouk Ville) and (iv) Cardamom mountain region.  National Ecotourism Policy and Strategic Plan (2009)  Triangle Development master plan Cambodia, Lao and Vietnam (CLV)  Emerald Triangle Development Master Plan (Cambodia, Lao and Thailand).  National eco-tourism policy to balance the conservation and development: (i) minimizing negative impacts, (ii) optimizing their conservation by appreciating the natural and socio-cultural carrying capacities, (iii) respecting environmental laws and regulations, (iv) providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders.  Coastal zone development and management. 2. Vision “Tourism in Cambodia develops through cultural heritage and natural ecosystem towards green, low carbon, climate resilient and sustainable development that contributing to economic, social, employment generation and poverty reduction. “ 3. Mission National mission on climate change work is “Creating a national framework for engaging the public, the private sector, civil society organizations and development partners in a participatory process for responding to climate change to support sustainable development within tourism sector.” 4. Goals and Objectives Goals are:  Reducing vulnerability to climate change impacts of people and tourism sector, in particular the most vulnerable and critical systems (natural and societal), and cultural heritage.  Shifting towards a green development path by promoting low-carbon development and technologies; Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 3  Promoting public awareness and participation in climate change response actions in the sector 5. Strategy Framework The Ministry's Tourism Development Strategic Plan 2012-2020 recognizes the necessary to address climate change given the vulnerability of tourism to climate change and natural disaster. At the same, the ministry also foresees the opportunities that tourism could contribute to Green House Gas (GHG) mitigation. In addition, the Government has considered tourism sector as “Green Gold” contributing to the sustainable development and generating employment, conserving natural environment and cultural heritage (RGC, 2014). 5.1. Strategic Analysis National Policy on Tourism The Rectangular Strategy III for fifth legislature of the RGC has main objective to improve economic development and reduce poverty in the Cambodia. One of its key activities to achieve this objective is furthering support the tourism development in Cambodia through Tourism Strategic Development Plan 2012 2020 and strengthens national resource conservation especially promoting the linkage of conservation to ecotourism (RGC, 2014). Furthermore, it will continue according priority to improve the physical infrastructure, to increase electricity productivity and distribution, to widen clean water supply, and to expand the infrastructure system for tourism (RGC, 2014). Tourism in Cambodia Tourism is a fastest growing economic sector in Cambodia helped by cultural, historical and natural base tourism. The Angkor complex in Siem Reap province and seaside town of Sihanouk Ville attract millions of international and domestic visitors every year. Cambodia earned USD 1,912 million (in 2011) and USD 2,210 million (in 2012) from tourism directly and helped earn more than USD 3 billion through indirect impact (RGC, 2014). The World Travel and Tourism Council estimated that in 2012 tourism sector and travel contributed 11.5 % directly to Cambodia GDP and generated about 10% of employment (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2013). The number of international tourists increases annually at rate of 20% in the last two decades. In 2013 international tourists arrival was 4.2 million (48% by air and 52% by land and water ways) with average length of stay of 6.75 days (MoT, 2013). They were from ASEAN countries (43.5%), North East Asia (28.8%), Europe (16.6%), Americas (6.3%) and others (4.8%). At the same time, the number of hotel (include guesthouse) has increased rapidly at rate of 6.4% annually to reach total of 440 hotels and 1087 guesthouses in 2010 (NIS, 2012). Climate Change Projections and Implications This section is an excerpt from the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014-2023 (RGC, 2013) for readers to understand climate projections and implications on the Cambodia. Climate Projections  Historically, temperatures in Cambodia have increased and this trend is projected to continue with mean monthly temperatures increasing between 0.013oC and 0.036oC per year by 2099, depending on location, with higher rates at low latitudes.  Although there is inconclusive evidence of climate impact on rainfall, projections of the mean annual rainfall indicate an increase in rainfall for Cambodia. There is an increasing trend in seasonal rainfall between June and August in the northwest, and a decreasing trend in the northeast of the country. Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 4  The 4th assessment Report of the IPCC shows sea levels in the region are projected to rise under various scenarios: by 2090 relative to 1980 – 1999, the sea level will rise 0.18 – 0.43m under low emission scenarios (SRES B1), 0.21 – 0.52m under medium emission scenarios (SRES A1B), and 0.23 – 0.56m under high emission scenarios (SRES A2). This corresponds to a 0.56m rise under the high emissions scenario (A2), which at this rate would cause permanent inundation of about 25,000 ha of coastal Cambodia within 90 years. Implications  Increase in temperature is likely to affect agricultural productivity. According to the International Rice Research Institute, rice grain yield will decline by 10% for each 1oC increase in growing-season minimum (night) temperature in the dry season.  Climate change will impact different areas of the country in different ways. The Coastal Zone (The 435 km Cambodia coastline) is most vulnerable to sea level rise (SLR) and increased salinisation, affecting rural people, tourism activities and other services.  The Tonle Sap supports the largest proportion of the agricultural population, but changes in natural hydrology, combined with existing land use and resource pressures.  Given only 7 – 8% of total production land area is under full irrigation, it is difficult for Cambodia to achieve 5% annual agricultural growth in order to meet the target of agricultural production export by 2030 under climate change impacts (e.g. drought), especially for some cash crops such as rice, without further investment in the expansion of irrigation schemes. This sector has hugely impact on tourism services which include food quantity and quality.  GHG emissions in Cambodia still low compared with neighbouring countries in the region. In 2000, Cambodia emitted 47.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, while forestry sector absorbed 48 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (MoE 2010). Since then there is no update emission, mostly from forestry sector and land use change. Energy consumption (which is key source of emission) for various sectors has been significantly increases in transportation, electricity production, residential and the industrial sectors. Climate Change Impacts on Tourism Tourism depends very much on natural environmental and cultural heritages and vulnerable to extreme climate change events. For example, the storm surge in the coastal province will affect the number of visitors to these provinces. Changes in water availability, biodiversity loss, reduced landscape aesthetic, altered agricultural production (e.g. food and vegetable), increased natural hazard, coastal erosion and inundation, damage to infrastructure and the increasing incidence of vector-borne disease will all impact tourism to varying degree (Simpson, Gössling, Scott, Hall, & Gladin, 2008). In contrast to the varied impacts of a changed climate on tourism, the indirect effect of climate induced environmental change is likely to be largely negative. Since the climate change is thought to impact GDP negatively, which would reduce the discretionary wealth available to consumers for tourism, thus has negative implications for anticipated future growth in tourism. Potential Impact on Tourism in Coastal Areas Rising sea levels will potentially impact coastal systems in a number of ways including inundation, flood and storm damage, loss of wetlands, erosion, saltwater intrusion, and rising water tables (MoE, 2010). Other effects of climate change, such as higher sea water temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and changes in storm tracks, frequency, and intensity, will also affect coastal systems, both directly and indirectly through their interactions with sea level rise. Rising surface water temperatures, for example, are likely to Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 5 cause increased coral bleaching and the migration of coastal species toward higher latitudes. Changes in precipitation and storm patterns will alter flood risk and storm damage. The biogeophysical effects in turn will have direct and indirect socioeconomic impacts on tourism, human settlements, agriculture, freshwater supply and quality, fisheries, financial services, and human health in the coastal zone. The resident population of the coastal zone (present or projected levels) could be affected by increased flooding or, ultimately, the need to move because of frequent flooding, inundation, or land lost to erosion. There would also be changes in marketed goods and services such as land, infrastructure, and agricultural and industrial products. Climate Change Adaptation in Tourism Sector The IPCC (IPCC, 2007) defines adaptation as “adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities”. Simpson et al., (2008) adapted fours guiding principles from UNDP adaption framework that are highly relevant for tourism.  Place adaptation in a development context;  Build on current adaptive experience to cope with future climate variability;  Recognise that adaptation occurs at different levels in particular, at the local level; and  Recognise that adaptation is an ongoing process. Contribution of Tourism to Climate Change There is overwhelmingly evidence that the climate is changing by anthropogenic activities through emitting greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, especially burning of fossil fuels. According to the UNWTO-UNEP-WMO (2008) emissions from tourism, including transports, accommodation and activities (excluding the energy used for constructions and facilities for example) account for about 5% of global CO2 emission, which is a primary greenhouse gas (Simpson, Gössling, Scott, Hall, & Gladin, 2008). Of the 5% of the global total of CO2 emissions contributed by tourism, transport accounts around 75%, and in terms of the radiative forcing specific to transport, the share is significantly larger ranging from 82% to 90%, with air transport alone accounting for 54% to 75% of the total. However, mitigation can be achieved by reducing energy use, for instance through changing travel behaviour, by improving energy efficiency, increasing the use of renewable energy, carbon offsetting strategies, sustainable destination planning and management, tour operators’ choice of destinations and packaging of travel products, as well as other changes in business practices. Priority Policy The Ministry of Tourism has identified a number of priorities that are relevant to addressing climate change for the fifth governmental mandate, 2014-2018 (RGC, 2014). The MoT will focus on the following:  Improving infrastructure related to tourism in the country.  Establishing National Tourism Institute for research, study and analysis on the tourism sector. This will also be a training institute for young people wanting to make a career in tourism industry.  Improving tourism standards to improve product quality.  Drawing up the regional tourism development plan.  Enhancing human resources for the tourism sector.  Establishing and putting in place, the National Tourism Center.  Preparing and implementing the Tourism Marketing Strategic Plan.  Creating Marketing and Promotion Board in private and public partnership. Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 6  Strengthening tourism security and safety systems at tourist destinations.  Coordinating in tourist transportation. 5.2. Key Strategies In dealing and responding to climate change, the ministry has set out four major strategies which include: 1. Adhere to the value of sustainable development for Cambodia, which to support country economic and social development that contributes to job creation. 2. Adhere to cultural and natural tourism that has actively contributed development, protection and conservation of cultural and historical heritage and natural resources. 3. Adhere to the interrelationship between tourism and climate change. Climate change has negative impacts on tourism, while sustainable tourism development contributes to poverty alleviation and reducing climate change. 4. Enhance cooperation with relevant ministries, private sectors and development partner to promote tourism. 6. Action Plan Ministry of Tourism has identified the key action to operationalize the strategies that adopted from the CCCSP. This section details the scope of actions and planning matrix, and describes the implications of expenditure for climate change intervention and benefits from implementations. 6.1. Scope of Action Plan The climate change action plan for Ministry of Tourism sets the timeframe aligning to the planning process of the Ministry. The action plan is addressing two main aspects of climate change: Adaptation and Mitigation, given the pivotal role of tourism in adaptation and GHGs mitigation. The actions are classified into three categories.  Category 1: Re-scaling existing and planned actions to take account of their contribution to adaptation and/or mitigation. This may include up-scaling pilot activities.  Category 2: Modifying existing actions through climate proofing and/or by adding mitigation  Category 3: Dedicated new climate change actions The long list of actions (see Annex 1) responding to climate change was proposed by relevant departments of the ministry. The long list of actions was prioritized by using multi-criterial analysis resulting in a shorter list of actions (see Annex 2). The Active Fiche (see Annex 3) provides detail on each actions. 6.2. Action Plan Matrix The matrix contains estimated budgets; responsible departments and category of actions corresponding to each prioritised action (see Annex 2). Table 1: Action Planning Matrix M in is tr y C C S P S tr a te g y # Action C a te g o ry o f a ct io n R e sp o n si b le d e p a rt m e n t( s) Estimated budget (USD’000) (note: present costs to the nearest 1000 USD) 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 7 Livelihood improvement of people and Environmental Management in heritage site (Sambor Prey Kuk), Kompong Thom province. Estimated relevance for CC finance: 50% 100 100 100 100 400 Promote livelihood resilience through tourism development in Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism Estimated relevance for CC finance: 50% 100 100 100 100 400 Piloting solid waste management and sanitation improvement in the Peam Krasob Community Based Eco-Tourism. Estimated relevance for CC finance: 50% 100 200 200 200 700 Pilot Pattern of District, Clean City, in 4 main tourism destination (PP, SR, SHV, BTB) Estimated relevance for CC finance: 25% 100 100 200 200 600 Awareness raising to Tourism Industry on Environment and Climate Change. Estimated relevance for CC finance: 100% 100 100 100 100 400 Developing of joint Prakas on CBT/CBET with MAFF, MOE, and climate mainstreaming CBT Development and Management Estimated relevance for CC finance: 50% 50 50 100 Promote Green Hotel Standard in Cambodia Estimated relevance for CC finance: 25% 100 100 100 100 400 Promote “One Tourist One Tree” campaign through tourism parks development Estimated relevance for CC finance: 50% 100 100 100 100 400 Total 3,400 Total relevant budget for CC finance (based on methodology from the Cambodia Climate Change Financing Framework) 1,775 6.3. Implications for Expenditure in the Ministry According to the national budget laws1, the expenditure of the MOT was 11.23 million USD2 in 2014 increased from 7.4 million USD in 2010 (see graphs below). The proposed 2.9 million USD for climate change action plan for MOT for 2015-2018 is 7.28% compared with the national budget for 2011 to 2014 for the ministry of Tourism. The Ministry of Tourism received 39.825 million USD for year 2011 to 2014 based on national budget laws. 1 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 National Budget Law. 2 Using exchange Rate (Riels / USD) 4100R = 1 USD. Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 8 Figure 1: The budget expenditure for the Ministry of Tourism from 2010 to 2014 (in thousand USD). 6.4. Expected benefits from the Implementation of the Action Plan The climate change has impacted the tourism sector. The hardest hit would be the community relying on the economic benefits from the tourism activities. Keeping this hypothesis in mind, the CCAP for MOT is designed to ensure the livelihoods of community and to maintain (and attract more) the number of tourists. The direct benefits from implementing the proposed actions would be the livelihood improves of communities in the tourist sites, particularly Sambor Preykok, Peam Krasob, main tourist destinations and other CBT/CBETs. Furthermore, the CCAP is trying to mitigate the GHG from tourism activities through awareness raising, non motorize transportation, and waste management. The precise benefit needs further calculation. 7. Management and Financing Mechanism 7.1. Analysis of existing management and financing mechanism MOT has two general departments: General Directorate of Tourism and General Directorate of Administration and Finance. In addition, there are three units in same rank as department: Legal Corps, Inspection and Internal Audit. At sub-national level, MOT has Provincial Department of Tourism at every province/town (See figure 2). Regarding to the climate change work, the Ministry of Tourism has established a Climate Change Technical Working Group led by the Department of Planning and Development and consisted of technical line departments of General Directorate of Tourism and representative from the General Directorate of Administration and Finance. The team will play coordination role in the future climate change projects within the ministry and particularly with the Department of Climate Change of Ministry of Environment. 7.2. Analysis of potential sources and volume of finance for Climate Change actions Since most of proposed actions are scaled up projects, the potential to obtain further support from existing development partners, such as: ADB, UNWTO, ASEAN, JICA, KOICA, and UNESCO. Furthermore, the rising of climate change fund at national level as well as at the global levels enhances the likelihoods to fund the proposed actions, particularly through national mechanisms. Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 9 The proposed pilot actions on solid waste management in community based tourism will generate evident based climate change response at community levels. The evident and lessons learnt from the pilots will have replicability to other CBT/CBET in the country. 7.3. Entry points for climate change mainstreaming in management and financing mechanisms The MOT adopts the guideline on project management and Operation Manual from Ministry of Economy and Finance. When implementation of the climate change project, a project management unit will be established, in which the climate change technical team will be part of it to coordinate and provide technical support on climate change. The proposed actions shall be reflected in the annual Public Investment Program of the MOT to be submitted to MEF. The climate change technical team will continue working with the General Directorate of Administration and Finance to ensure the CCAP captured in the working plan of the Ministry such as annual PIP. 8. Monitoring and Evaluation Tourism is important sector generating employment in service sector projected to increase from 21% of employment in 2014 to 31% in 2018 (NSDP 2014-2018). The Ministry of Tourism is tracking NSDP core indicator on the Tourism (# of International Tourist Arrivals). Figure 2: Structure of Management for Ministry of Tourism Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 10 The indicators of the climate change action plan for MoT will contribute to the National Climate Change Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (being developed) by the Ministry of Environment. Furthermore, they also link to the NSDP indicator on climate change, “number of commune vulnerable to climate change” and “Carbon credit earned from clean development mechanism and other mechanisms”. 9. Law and Regulation Requirement There is no additional requirement for law and regulation to implement the CCAP for Ministry of Tourism. The technical guideline and/or ministerial circulation may need to smooth the coordination with other departments and the other ministries. Currently, MOT is working MAFF and MOE to finalize the Joint Prakas on Community Based Tourism and Community Based Ecotourism. In addition, the capacity enhancement of the Climate Change Technical Working Group of the Ministry is needed to ensure productive environment for effective implementation of the Action Plan. In short term, the capacity improvement is on the effective coordination with line departments and the communication with particularly NCCC secretariat and Ministry of Environment and other line ministries. In the long term, to ensure the climate change responses captured in the future annual work plan and budgeting of the ministry more spontaneously, the role of Climate Change Technical Working Group of the Ministry should enable the participation in the early stage of preparation of annual work plan budgeting as possible. This may require the directive from the Minister or senior officer to allow full participation of Climate Change Technical Working Group in the annual work plan and budgeting. 10. Conclusion The tourism sector is important for the economic development in Cambodia, with growth rate of international tourist arrival more than 20% annually. To maintain the momentum, the MOT has development necessary policy, strategy and action plan. However, there is emerging threat from climate change on the tourist development as well as opportunities. The preparation of priority actions for CCAP is one of the starting points in mainstreaming the climate change plan into formal development planning of MOT. It is important that these actions will be included with in the next or on-going and rolling plan for PIP of the ministry. The CCAP can be a very effective tool to mobilize national and international resources. Thus, developing effective communication materials based on the CCAP will be one of the next steps to assist in mobilizing resources and coordinating with CCD and other ministries to present the CCAP in at national and international events (e.g. UNFCCC side events, national climate change forum, DP coordination meetings). Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 11 References  ASEAN (2012). ASEAN TOURISM STANDARDS GUIDEBOOK.  CCCA. (2013). Annual Progress Report 2013. Phnom Penh: Cambodia Climate Change Alliance.  CCCA. (2013). Summary Report and Follow Up Actions: Experience Sharing Workshop for Pilot Climate Change Projects, Sihanooukville, 28-30 January 2013. Phnom Penh: Cambodia Climate Change Alliance.  CCCA. (2014). Summary Report and Follow Up Actions: Climate Change Adaptation Learning Event, Battambang City, 4-6 June 2014. Phnom Penh: Cambodia Climate Change Alliance.  IPCC. (2007). IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007. Oxford, UK.: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/publications and data/ar4/wg2/en/annexessglossary-a-d.html  Kakonge, J. O. (2011). The Role of Media in the Climate Change Debate in Developing Countries. Global Policy Essay.  Kumar. S., K. K. (2014). Greenhouse Gas Emission from Tourism Service Providers in Chiang Mai, Thailand and Hue, Vietnam. In L. H. Lebe., Climate Risks, Regional Intergration, and Sustainability in the Mekong Region (pp. 248-269).  MoE. (2002). Initial National Communication to the UNFCCC. Ministry of Environment.  MoE. (2010). (draft) Second National Communication to the UNFCCC. Ministry of Environment.  MoE. (2011). Understanding Public Perceptions of Climate Change in Cambodia. Ministry of Environment.  MoE. (2012). Climate Change Education and Awareness Guideline. Ministry of Environment.  MoInfo. (2014). Retrieved from Ministry of Information: http://www.information.gov.kh/  MoT. (2013). Tourism Statistics Report 2013. Ministry of Tourism Cambodia.  NIS. (2012). Statistical Year Book of Cambodia 2011. Phnom Penh: National Institute of Statistic, Ministry of Planning.  RGC. (2011). Cambodia Human Development Report 2011. Building Resilience: The Future of Rural Livelihoods in the Face of Climate Change. Ministry of Environment of Cambodia and UNDP Cambodia.  RGC. (2012). Tourism Development Strategic Plan 2012-2020. Royal Government of Cambodia.  RGC. (2013). Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014-2023. Royal Government of Cambodia.  RGC. (2014). National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2014-2018. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning.  Simpson, M., Gössling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C., & Gladin, E. (2008). Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Tourism Sector: Frameworks, Tools and Practices. Paris, France: UNEP, University of Oxford, UNWTO, WMO.  World Travel & Tourism Council. (2013). Travel and Tourism - Economic Impact Cambodia 2013. London: World Travel & Tourism Council.  WTO,, & UNEP,. (2008). Climate Change and Tourism: Responding to Global Challenge. Madrid and Paris: World Tourism Organization (WTO) and United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 12 Annex 1: The Long List of Actions Following the consultation workshop on October 09th, 2014 on the development of climate change action plan for Ministry of Tourism, a long list of actions for climate change response has been generated with taking into account the actions from public investment plan (PIP) 2015-2017 of the ministry (see table below). Table 2: Long List of Proposed Climate Change Action for the Ministry Title PIP Ref. Status Durati on Budg et Proposed Action Categor y 1. ADB/JFPR9156-CAM Improving Market access for the poor in central Cambodia 12 456 On going Livelihood improvement of people and Environmental Management in heritage site (Sambor Prey Kuk). Re scale 2. Stueng Chinit Development 12 457 On going 3. Construction of Dyke around the temple of West Mebon to Rehabitate 12 468 On going 4. Heritage Management Framework 12 470 On going 5. Bousra Water Fall Resort Development Project 12 310 Planned 6. Developing Historical Anlong Beang Tourism Site 12 312 Planned 7. GMS Tourism Infrastructure Development for Inclusive Growth (regional project: Lao, VN, Kh) 12 458 Planned Enhancing climate resilience for tourism infrastructure development in coastal zone Modify 8. Pro-Poor Tourism Development along the Southern Economic Corridor (PY 2014) (Cambodia) 12 459 Planned Promote low-carbon livelihood and tourism development in CBT and CBET along the Southern Economic Corridor Modify 9. Sustainable Tourism Development II (PY 2012) 12 460 Planned 10. Tourism Product Development in 5 Priorities Regions( PP, Tonle Sap & Mekong, Northeast, Coastal, Cardamom) 12 314 Planned Solid waste manage and recycling, and sanitation improvement in the Peam Krasob. 11. The Comprehensive Rural Development Project in Eco Village, Run Ta Ek of Siem Reap Province 12 478 Planned 12. Development of Bicycle and Pedestrian Tours 12 473 Planned Promote non-motorize transportation in key tourist zones (PP, SR, SHV) Re scale Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 13 Annex 2: Short-list of Action On the November 14th 2014, the climate change team of the Ministry held consultation meeting to shortening the long list of action (see table below). Table 3:The Priorited Climate Change Actions for Ministry of Tourism No. Action Planned Duration 1. Livelihood improvement of people and Environmental Management in heritage site (Sambor Prey Kuk). 2015-2017 2. Promote livelihood resilience through tourism development in Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism 2015-2018 3. Piloting solid waste management and sanitation improvement in the Peam Krasob Community Based Eco-Tourism. 2015-2017 4. Promote Pattern of District, Clean City, in 4 main tourist destinations (PP, SR, SHV, BTB) 2015-2018 5. Awareness raising to Tourism Industry on Environment and Climate Change. 2015-2018 6. developing joint Prakas on CBT/CBET with MAFF, MOE, and climate mainstreaming CBT Development and Management 2015-2016 7. Promote Green Standard hotel in Cambodia 2015-2018 8. Promote “One Tourist One Tree” campaign 2015-2018 Table 4: Climate Change Action Plan Prioritization Table Action Effectiveness Co-benefits Feasibility R e d u ce d co st s o f cl im a te r is k C o st p e r b e n e fi ci a ry N u m b e r b e n e fi ci a ri e s M it ig a ti o n c o st e ff e ct iv e n e ss E co n o m ic S o ci a l E n v ir o n m e n ta l P o li ti ca l co m m it m e n t C a p a ci ty E a sy t o im p le m e n t 1 – 3 0 – 3 0 – 3 -1 – 2 0 – 2 0 – 2 0 – 2 G/Y/R G/Y/R G/Y/R Livelihood improvement of people and Environmental Management in heritage site (Sambor Prey Kuk). 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 G G G Promote livelihood resilience through tourism development in Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco Tourism 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 G G Y Piloting solid waste management and sanitation improvement in the Peam Krasob Community Based Eco-Tourism. 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 G G G Promote District of excellence (Sangkat Koumru) and Clean City in 4 main tourism destinations (Por Sen Chey in PP, Krong Siem Reap in SR, Krong Preah Sihanouk in SHV, Krong Battambang in BTB) 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 G G G Awareness raising to Tourism Industry on Environment and Climate Change. 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 G Y Y Developing of joint Prakas on CBT/CBET with MAFF, MOE, and climate mainstreaming CBT Development and 1 1 3 0 1 1 1 Y Y Y Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 14 Management Promote Green Standard hotel in Cambodia 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 G G Y Promote “One Tourist One Tree” campaign through tourism park development 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 G Y Y Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 15 Annex 3: Action Fiche of Actions Action 1 Action 1 Livelihood improvement of people and Environmental Management in heritage site (Sambor Prey KuK). CCCSP and Sector CCSP Strategic Objective Strategic Objective #1: Clean up environment at the heritage site. Strategic Objective #2: Promote climate resilience through improving food, water and energy security Strategic Objective #3: Reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts Strategic Objective #4: Ensure climate resilience of critical ecosystems (Tonle Sap Lake, Mekong River, coastal ecosystems, highlands, etc.), biodiversity, protected areas and cultural heritage sites Strategic Objective #5: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development. Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies This action contributes to the implementation of TSDP 2012-2020 and NSDP 2014-2018, What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action Reduce pressure on forest resources, which is the carbon sink. Improve adaptive capacity of community through livelihood improvement The appropriate management of solid waste reduce the GHG emission from unmanaged solid and liquid waste. Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description Cambodia central area was the capital of ancient Khmer empire and receives national and international tourists regularly due to its location on mid-rout from Phnom Penh to Siem Reap. The rising number of tourists has side-effect on environment and livelihoods of the communities. Furthermore, this location is subject to environmental threats from drought and flood. This action will focus on two aspects: 1. livelihoods improvement a. The climate resilient agriculture development is to reduce the crop failure and conserve water, and to diversify the cropping. b. Development of alternative livelihoods by providing services to tourists, for example, tour guide, grocery stall, and souvenir shop. 2. Environment Management a. Solid and liquid waste management b. Forest conservation and c. Reforestation in the degraded places, particularly the tree species that have high demand, e.g. rattan and traditional medicine tree species. Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries Target group: 2 districts, 2 communes, 12 villages. Local people of the 2 communes; tourists Cost effectiveness of the action Where possible, an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of adaptation actions and the marginal abatement cost of mitigation actions, along with any notes about key assumptions or sensitivity analysis Direct and indirect benefit economic to local people CO2 capture through rattan replantation (reforestation) Environmental improvement (waste management and recycling)’ Preconditions needed Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 16 for successful implementation preliminary studies/works existing mechanism and structure of communities in Sambo Prey Kuk Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders MOT has good coordination in place with key stakeholders Consultation with the department of agriculture and other agriculture institutions on the climate resilient agriculture and crop species. Mention any minimum capacity requirements Tourism facilities and Communities market centre in place. 1. Study and Draft Join Prakas CBT Development and Management (Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Fishery, Forestry and Agriculture). Continue developing joint Prakas on CBT/CBET with MAFF, MOE, and climate mainstreaming CBT Development and Management 2. Study and Draft Join Prakas CBT Development and Management (Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Environment). 3. Pilot Project of the CBT at one of the Protected Area. 4. Pilot Project of the CBT at one of the Protected Forest. Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed. # of ha or plot of farms employed climate resilient technology, e.g. dripping system for vegetable farm, zero-tillage for rice paddy. # of new crops # of hectare of Rattan plantation and reforestation Solid waste collection system in the communities # of tons of solid waste collected and recycle / year Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) Planning and development department Cultural and Tourism development department Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already identified, mention the name of the partners) PDOT, Ministry of Culture and its provincial department, Provincial Hall, NGOs: Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 500 Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. JICA, ADB, UNDP, Government of Cambodia, If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2017 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 17 Action 2 Action 2 Promote livelihood resilience through tourism development in Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism CCCSP and Sector CCSP Strategic Objective Strategic Objective #1: Promote climate resilience through improving food, water and energy security. Strategic Objective #2: Reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts. Strategic Objective #3: Ensure climate resilience of critical ecosystems (Tonle Sap Lake, Mekong River, coastal ecosystems, highlands, etc.), biodiversity, protected areas and cultural heritage sites. Strategic Objective #4: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development. Strategic Objective #5: Improve capacities, knowledge and awareness for climate change responses. Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies Strategic guidelines for sustainable tourism on the Khmer coast ASEAN Community What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action The livelihood improvement enhances the resilience of communities. The CBT and CBET have been a significant economic development in the community, which regenerate cash for community. Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description Piloting 10 Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism in the corridors for climate resilience livelihood activities Conduct lesson learns to be scaling up to 56 communities for the second phases Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries At least 10,000 local communities direct benefit and improved their livelihood resilient to climate change Cost effectiveness of the action Where possible, an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of adaptation actions and the marginal abatement cost of mitigation actions, along with any notes about key assumptions or sensitivity analysis Preconditions needed for successful implementation Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or preliminary studies/works Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders Mention any minimum capacity requirements Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed. 10 Community Based Tourism and Community Based Eco-Tourism to be piloting climate resilience livelihood activities. Conduct lesson learns to be scaling up to 56 communities for the second phases. At least 10,000 local communities direct benefit and improved their livelihood resilient to climate change. Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) Department of Planning and Development Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 18 identified, mention the name of the partners) Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 700 Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. CI, Wildlife Alliance, government contribution If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2018 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 19 Action 3 Action 3 Piloting solid waste management and sanitation improvement in the Peam Krasob Community Based Eco-Tourism. CCCSP and Sector CCSP Strategic Objective Strategic Objective #1: Promote climate resilience through improving food, water and energy security. Strategic Objective #2: Reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts. Strategic Objective #3: Ensure climate resilience of critical ecosystems (Tonle Sap Lake, Mekong River, coastal ecosystems, highlands, etc.), biodiversity, protected areas and cultural heritage sites. Strategic Objective #4: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development. Strategic Objective #5: Improve capacities, knowledge and awareness for climate change responses. Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies This action is link to current guideline of clean city development and the national climate change strategy 2014-2023 with an objective 2 to promote low carbon economic development. What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action Reduce GHG emission from unregulated solid waste and improper sanitary system. Beautify improvement in the Peam Krasob community, which further attracts more tourists. Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description Tourism activities have generated large amount of solid waste and wastewater in Peam Krasob Community Based Tourism. Local communities and tour operation companies often ignore this impact and consequences. MOT has recognized the important for Solid Waste Management in Peam Krasob to retain and attract more tourists though Peam Krasob CBT has succeffuly attracted many tourists both domestics and foreigners. Key activities: Piloting solid and liquid waste management and training Establishing solid waste and sanitation management committee Constructing communal landfill, composting facility (organic fertilizer), and installing on site wastewater treatment facility (Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems). Community awareness raising on climate change, environment and tourism development. Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries Clean environment (air, water, nature) for Peam Krasob, which would sustain tourist arrival in the community Improve hygiene in the community of Peam Krasob Cost effectiveness of the action Where possible, an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of adaptation actions and the marginal abatement cost of mitigation actions, along with any notes about key assumptions or sensitivity analysis Preconditions needed for successful implementation Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or preliminary studies/works The preliminary study on the current situation of solid waste and wastewater generate to design the management system. Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders Maintain the good working relationship between Peam Krasob CBT with MOT, Tour Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 20 Operation Companies and relevant stakeholders Mention any minimum capacity requirements Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed. Community committee for solid waste and sanitation # of ha for side of landfill # of ton composting facility capacity One on-site wastewater treatment facility # of awareness raising activities (trainings, sign-boards, etc.) Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) Department of Planning and Development Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already identified, mention the name of the partners) Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 1 000 Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. EU, ADB, GEF, KOICA, UNDP, STEP-FUND If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2018 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 21 Action 4 Action 4 Promote District of excellence (Sangkat Koumru) and Clean City in 4 main tourism destinations (Por Sen Chey in PP, Krong Siem Reap in SR, Krong Preah Sihanouk in SHV, Krong Battambang in BTB) CCCSP Strategic Objective Strategic Objective #3: Ensure climate resilience of critical ecosystems (Tonle Sap Lake, Mekong River, coastal ecosystems, highlands, etc.), biodiversity, protected areas and cultural heritage sites. Strategic Objective #4: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development. Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies This proposed action is to enhance existing strategic plan of clean city in four selected cities which include Phnom Penh capital, Battambang town, Sihanouk town and Siem Reap Town. This action also links to current Tourism Strategic Development Plan (Clean City Strategic Plan) and clean city standards being applied by Ministry of Tourism. It also contributes to current approval of government support on Sangkat Koumru guideline for tourism development in Cambodia in 2014. What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action  Reduce waste generation by creating “ No Plastic Bag Campaign” and implementing 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle).  Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description The government approved the Sangkat Koumru guideline for tourism development in Cambodia in 2014. The purpose of Sangkat Koumru of the Clean City is to provide all cities the tool to improve the quality of tourism in their cities, which is to increase their tourism marketing competitiveness, and at the same time to improve the liveability of local residents and their livelihoods, and to contribute to alleviating poverty. It is also designed to protect the environment thus responding to the impacts of climate change and contributing to the sustainable development of those cities. Key Activities:  Conduct feasibility study on selected Sangkat Model and hold public consultation  Conduct public awareness on Sangkat Koumru, particularly on solid waste management and waste classification, to Hospitals, Schools, Restaurants, Residents, markets and other key places.  Install separated-3-bin (one for recyclable waste, one for organic waste, and another for other waste) in public spaces, markets, schools and hospitals.  Establish collecting system (in collaboration with waste collection company) Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 22  Establish waste separating facility to sort recyclable waste and waste for landfill.  Establish community based solid waste management to manage collecting system, to manage separating facility and recycle waste, and to produce consumer goods, e.g. hand-bags from plastic bags, for targeting tourists and households.    Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries  Job creation for local communities (making recycle stuff), reuse stuff, reduce waste management, and reduce cost of living.  Local residents (students, communities, tourism suppliers) participating in clean city development and share the common vision. . Cost effectiveness of the action This action is estimated around 600,000 USD for implementing these proposals of which around 600,000 people which include local resident, tourism and private sector gain more knowledge on common vision of clean city development Preconditions needed for successful implementation  The ministry of tourism will have strong support to work with proposed municipality offices, local residents, and private sectors.  The selected Sangkat are in place as well as infrastructures  Capacity and financial support in place  Strong cooperation with the local authorities is needed. Mention any minimum capacity requirements  National Committee for Clean City Assessment do have enough staffs and capacity to carry out the tasks  It is expected there will be no conflicted of tasks with other ministries and entities Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed.  Number of campaigns to raise awareness on Sangkat Koumru and waste management  Number of rubbish bins to be installed/distributed  System of waste collection and waste separating  Functioning community based solid waste management  Consumer goods made from recycled waste sold and/or produced.  Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s)  NCCA (National Committee for Clean City Assessment) of MOT (Ministry of Tourism)  Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 23  Municipal, and town governors of the selected places Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already identified, mention the name of the partners)  Council of Minister  Local community, NGOs and private sector Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 6000 USD Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. Privat sector, Donors and UN agencies, EU, SIDA, GIZ, UNDP/GEF (Global Environmental Facility), JICA, ADB If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2018 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 24 Action 5 Action 5 Awareness raising to Tourism Industry on Environment and Climate Change. CCCSP and Sector CCSP Strategic Objective  Strategic Objective #1: Reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts  Strategic Objective #4: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development  Strategic Objective #5: Improve capacities, knowledge and awareness for climate change responses Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies Strategic guidelines for sustainable tourism on the Khmer coast This action linked to national strategic 3Rs ( reduce, reuse, and recycle) national guideline Green Hotel standard promotion in Cambodia Promote the local products for tourists (farming ,organic products) What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action Reduce GHG emission from tourist activities Renewable saving energy (Solar energy ) Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description Cambodia has attracted more 4.2M (International visitors) , 8.2M (Local Tourists) in 2013 and the number is projected to increase. Tourism is contributed around 12.4% to GDP (2013)  Develop awareness raising materials for different targets (Hotels, Tour operators, communities, tourists). 50000$  Conducting Awareness raising on Green Hotel Standard, to hotel owners, tour operators, and other relevant stakeholders (2 times / pole / year) 80000*4= 320 000$  Conduct tourism volunteer among students, and residents in coastal zone 100 000$  Green Hotel3 Award Competition 10000 Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries Local residents (students, communities, local hotels, tour guides) could learn more on environment and climate change, which could improve their credential and economic benefit in the medium to long term. The hotels in key tourist poles could get direct benefits in term of credential and economic benefits (e.g. energy efficiency). In larger context, around 1 million people could get direct and indirect benefits from this awareness raising on environment and climate change adaptation and mitigation. Cost effectiveness of the action Where possible, an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of adaptation actions and the marginal abatement cost of mitigation actions, along with any notes about key assumptions or sensitivity analysis Preconditions needed for successful implementation Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or preliminary studies/works Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders 3 Green Hotel standard is based on ASEAN guideline on green hotel, which includes 3R, Solid waste management, Energy efficiency, etc. Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 25 Mention any minimum capacity requirements Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed. Awareness raising materials, e.g. billboards, posters, leaflet, brochures, etc. # of Campaigns in the tourism destinations # awareness raising for students and involved them in volunteer activities to increase the awareness. # of hotel will be trained about the Green Hotel Standard concept and Award. Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) General Directorate of Tourism Department of Planning and Development. Department of education and training Provincial department of tourism (DOT) Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already identified, mention the name of the partners) MOE, local authorities, Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 500$ Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. Private sectors, UNWTO, EU, other NGO, ADB, JICA If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2018 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 26 Action 6 Action 6 Developing joint Prakas on CBT/CBET with MAFF, MOE, and climate mainstreaming CBT Development and Management CCCSP and Sector CCSP Strategic Objective  Strategic Objective #1: Reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts  Strategic Objective #2: Ensure climate resilience of critical ecosystem Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies Sustainable development Strategic guidelines for sustainable tourism on the Khmer coast What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action Climate change adaptation and mitigation Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description Now, there are 56 CBTs and CBETs. This action is on-going and MOT is the lead institution in the developing the Inter ministerial Joint Prakas on the organization and operation of CBT and CBET. Conduct the multi-stakeholders consultation on the draft Joint-Prakas to add consideration on climate change adaptation and mitigation. Finalization draft for approval. Publish and dissemination of the Joint-Prakas Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries Endorsed the joint-Prakas will benefit the CBT and CBET Cost effectiveness of the action Where possible, an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of adaptation actions and the marginal abatement cost of mitigation actions, along with any notes about key assumptions or sensitivity analysis Given the current cost estimation of 100,000USD for integration climate change to CBT/CBET joint Prakas and the current registered 56 CBT/CBET, the cost for each CBT/CBET is less than 1800USD. This cost per community will be much smaller when the joint Prakas endorsed to allow more establishments of CBT/CBET. Preconditions needed for successful implementation Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or preliminary studies/works  Political support and commitment from the Royal Government of Cambodia Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders  Need full collaboration within line departments within the ministry and inter-ministerial support, in particular from MAFF, MOE, and MLMUC. Mention any minimum capacity requirements  Ministry staff capacity are in place and ready to push forward Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed.  Updated the content in Join-Prakas on Community Based Tourism (CBT and Community Based Ecotourism (CCBET) to add response to climate change issues  # of consultation on the integration of climate change response in the Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 27 CBT/CBET joint Prakas.  # of dissemination workshops/events Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) General Directorate of Tourism Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already identified, mention the name of the partners) MAFF MOE MLMUPC Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 100$ Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. UN agencies, EU, Sida, GIZ, UNDP/GEF (Global Environmental Facility) If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2016 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 28 Action 7 Action 7 Promote Green Standard hotel in Cambodia CCCSP Strategic Objective #4: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development Rationale This action is linked to: National Tourism Development Strategy 2012-2020 ASEAN Tourism Strategy Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled Type of action Mitigation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description The ten ASEAN member countries have considered the standardization of tourism service essential for helping ASEAN to be a Quality Single Destination. The ASEAN has adopted six tourism standards4: 1. Green Hotel, 2. Food and Beverage Services, 3. Public Restroom, 4. Home Stay, 5. Ecotourism, and 6. Tourism Heritage Cambodia, a member of ASEAN Tourism organization, has adopted the ASEAN Tourism Standard and established a committee in the Ministry of Tourism to be in charged. The green hotel is defined as a hotel which is environmentally-friendly and adopts energy conservation measures. In late 2014, one of the Cambodia hotels in Siem Reap ranks fourth among hotel in the words and the city of Siem Reap is one of the most liabel city in the world as well. This achievement has attracted more and more tourism destination from worldwide. In addition to the support to current committee of MOT to evaluate Hotels for green credential (the criteria is defined in the ASEAN Tourism Standards Guidebook) and award to the hotel with green credential, the action will do:  Increase the number of evaluation on the hotels for green hotel award.  Campaigns to raise awareness on the concept of green hotel to the hotel associations and hotel owners;  Seek synergy with the campaigns of green tourism and hospitality industry and other tourist campaigns to provide information on green hotel in Cambodia to the tourists; Cost effectiveness of the action The green credential is a measure in tourism strategy to attract tourists to Cambodia. Promoting green hotel will contribute to increase number of tourists. Preconditions needed for successful implementation Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or preliminary studies/works The continue support politically from the managerial level of the Ministry of Tourism is important for implementing the promotion of green hotel in Cambodia. Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders existing working group for evaluating the hotels for green credential is still functioning Mention any minimum capacity requirements The evaluation team for green hotel award needs technical training e.g. energy saving measure in hotel, and environment and waste management in the Hotel. 4 ASEAN Tourism Standards Book (http://www.asean.org/images/2012/Economic/MATM/document/ASEAN%20Tourism%20Standards%20Book.pdf) Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 29 Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed. # of Hotel evaluated for green hotel award # events/campaigns to hotel associations and hotel owners # of joint campaigns or advertisement on Green Hotel in Cambodia to tourists. Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) Directorate General of Tourism Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions 400 Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. JICA, Apsara Authority, EU, Sida, GIZ, If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Hotel Associations and Hotel operations Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2018 Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 30 Action 8 Action 8 Promoting tourism standards through One Tourist, One Tree” Campaign on selected tourism parks CCCSP and Sector CCSP Strategic Objective Strategic Objective #4: Promote low-carbon planning and technologies to support sustainable development. Strategic Objective #5: Improve capacities, knowledge and awareness for climate change responses. Rationale Links to the sector and national strategies This action is linked with current National Tourism Development Strategy 2012-2020 and the current guideline of clean city development of Royal Government of Cambodia. It is also link to current support made by the prime minister of Cambodia to enhance this approach through the country. What type of climate risk/opportunity or mitigation objective is addressed by this action Reducing emission, soil erosion, and extreme weather protection by reforestation through tourism activities and to contribute climate justice and consciousness among tourists while staying in Cambodia. Contribute to green tourism development in Cambodia Category of climate change action Cat 1 – Re-scaled .Cat 2 – Modified Cat 3 – Dedicated Type of action Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation and adaptation Short description of the action and expected results and benefits Short description “One Tourist, One Tree (1T1T)” campaign had been adopted by the royal decree on 22 February 2013 and had been announced officially during the National Clean City Day on the 27 February 2013. The operation of 1T1T campaign is based on the standard of tourist park which was also adopted along with the campaign. Based on this standard, tourist park is divided into 2 main categories in which the 1st category is run by private operators and the 2nd one is run by local community. The aim of the campaign is to encourage tourists, both domestic and international, to participate directly in replanting the tree during their stay in Cambodia as well as to promote repeat tourist to the country. However, this campaign has been ineffective as most private sectors (tour operators, hotels owners wish to have tourist parks in places before bringing tourists or conducting tour to the parks. Based on concept, tourism parks should follow the standards: good location, services, management, facilities, and responsibility while many state forest lands are potentially converted into Tourism parks. There two different types of tourism park in term of scale: Type one involves with three scales: Small scale with forest land range from 5-10 ha Medium scale range from 10-20 ha Big scale starting from 20 ha up. Type 2 also involves with three scale: Small scale range from 50-100 ha Medium scale range from 100-200 ha Big scale from 200 ha up. The provincial departments of tourism have conducted inventory on available forest state land in order to modify and priority as tourist parks. Annual budget of MOT is not enough to promote the campaign, while additional support from other source such as grants, private sectors and humanitarians and development partners are needed. Key activities: Conduct feasibility on existing proposed tourism parks in all provinces and priority selection based on 5 main indicators cited in the 1T1T standard namely location, services, management, facilities and corporate social responsibility. Conduct national workshop selection process, and presenting key findings to private sector, especially tour operators, and relevant stakeholders. Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 31 Piloting four tourism parks: 1 in Kampot, 1 in Kampong Spue, 1 in Kampng Chhnang and 1 in Kratie. Conduct sub-national training and capacity building to Provincial tourist officials, private sectors and relevant stakeholders (2 times/year/province) Develop promotional materials on One Tourist, One Tree campaign such as brochures, booklets, banners, websites… (One time/year) Produce video spot to be broadcasted on TV station. Conduct tourist's campaign 3 times/year/tourism park. Organizing study tour for students and volunteers with 3 times/year/tourism Park. Expected results and benefits, including number of beneficiaries and type of impact on beneficiaries About 4,000 tourists (include student volunteers, private tour operators) are directly involved with the campaigns. Government officials, policy makers and private tour operation to benefit from the activities Environmental and social integrity and national pride in term of eco-tourism development. Employment generation for local communities who live close to tourism parks Cost effectiveness of the action It is expected that 400,000 people including domestic and international tourists, local communities, and private tour operators and students volunteer will receive benefit both direct and indirect or form the tourism park promotion. CO2 capture through tree replanting (reforestation) to be determined Environmental improvement and clean city concept enhancement. Reduce conflict in term of resource management and development. Preconditions needed for successful implementation Are some other actions required for this action to be implemented e.g. legislation or preliminary studies/works Mention any coordination required with actions under the responsibility of other ministries or external stakeholders Tourism parks with required standards are in places for proposed areas Strong political support from prime minister MOT (national and provincial level) gets support from MAFF, Tour Operation Companies and relevant stakeholders in tourism park development. Mention any minimum capacity requirements Baseline survey for the tourism park development Technical and financial support Indicator(s) of success Up to three SMART indicators for measuring if the action has reached the expected result. Indicators can be either qualitative or quantitative, e.g. integration of climate change into planning processes, GHG emissions avoided, share of renewable sources in electricity generation, Km. of roads climate proofed. 4 tourism parks developed and piloting as model for scaling up existing 4,000 tourists/tour companies participating in the campaign 400,000 trees have been planted Implementation arrangements Responsible department(s) Department of Cultural Tourism and Resort Other Government and external stakeholders involved in implementation (if already identified, mention the name of the partners) Estimated total cost USD (in 1000 USD – more detail is not necessary). Costs should include inflation, for long duration actions Climate Change Action Plan in Tourism 2015-2018 32 400 Possible funding sources If identified, name the proposed source(s) of funding. EU, ADB, GEF, KOICA, UNDP, STEP-FUND If not, indicate the type of funding source(s) foreseen (Govt, development partners, NGO, private sector) Timeframe Indicate the start and end year 2015-2018 Annex 4: Roles of Climate Change Technical Working Group of the Ministry of Tourism The role of the working group includes:  Conduct research; formulate policy, strategies, legal instrument, plan programs and project on the climate change including emission reduction in agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors.  Cooperate with relevant stakeholders to conduct the study, formulate, and effectively implement the policy, strategies, regulations, plans, programs and projects on climate change, in responding to CMDGs, particularly in relation to poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability.  Propose recommendations to MOT decision makers in relation to climate change impacts and responses.  Joint monitor (follow up) global issues on climate change and its impact on rural infrastructure, rural economic, ethnic minority, clean water and sanitation sector.  Share information related to cc and response measure to the sector.  Facilitate and mobilize necessary resources, especially grand to support the study, formulations and implementation of policy.  Monitor and evaluate program related to climate change by line departments, institutions of MoT.