Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals (CSDG) Framework 2016-2030

1.1 Strategic Planning Framework ………………..……………………………...… 4

1.1.1 National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) ……………………..………..… 4

1.1.2 The Rectangular Strategy ……………………………………..…..………...… 4

1.1.3 The Role of the CSDGs ……………………...……………………………...… 6

1.2 Economic Policy Context ……………………………………….……………..… 7

1.3 Socioeconomic Context ………………………………………………………..… 10 Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt …………... 13

2.1 Introduction …………………………………..………………………………..… 13

2.2 Summary review of outturn performance ………………………….………..… 14

2.3 Goal by goal review …………………………………..………...……….……..… 15

2.3.1 CMDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger …………...……….….....… 15

2.3.2 CMDG2: Achieve Universal Primary Education …………..……….…...…..… 17 2.3.3 CMDG 3: Promoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women …………..… 19

2.3.4 CMDG4: Reduce Child Mortality …………..……….……………………....… 20

2.3.5 CMDG5: Reduce Maternal Mortality …………..……….……….…………..… 21 2.3.6 CMDG 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases ……………..… 22

2.3.7 CMDG 7: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability …………..……….....…..… 23

2.3.8 CMDG 8: Forge a Global Partnership for Development …………..………..… 25 2.3.9 CMDG 9: Demining, Removing Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) and Victim Assistance …………..…………………..………………… 26

2.4 Key Issues: Reflections and lessons learnt ……………….…………………..… 27

2.5 Planning and M&E Issues …………………………..…….…………………..… 28 Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework …………..………………………..… 31

3.1 Introduction …………………………………..………………………………..… 31

3.2 CSDG development process …………………………………………………..… 31 Part 1, Table of Contents iii Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030

3.3 Proposed CSDG Framework ……………………………..…………………..… 33

3.3.1 Overview of the CSDGs ………………………………..…………..………..… 33

3.3.2 Comparisons with the Global Framework ……………………...….……….. 34

3.4 Outstanding Issues …………………………………..….……………………..… 37 Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs ……………….………………..… 39

4.1 Introduction …………………………………..………………………………..… 39 4.2 Integrating the CSDGs within the National Policy and Planning Structures .. 39

4.2.1 Coherence and Consistency ……………..…………………………..….……… 39

4.2.2 Prioritization of goals, targets and actions ……..……………..……………..… 40

4.3 Resourcing and enabling the goals ………………………...………………….… 42

4.4 M&E and Policy Feedback …………………………………..………………..… 44

4.4.1 Key Elements of the M&E arrangements ……………………..……....….…… 44

4.4.2 Improving the CSDGs M&E ecosystem …………………….…..……………. 45 Chapter V: Conclusions …………………………………....………………………..… 46

5.1 Key Conclusions ……………………………..……..…………………………..… 46

5.2 Next Steps ………………………...…..……………….………………………..… 47 Appendix 1: Abbreviations & Acronyms ………………….…………...…………..… 49 Appendix 2: Websites of RGC Ministries and Agencies …………...……………..… 50 Appendix 3: CMDGs and CMDG outturn data ……………….…………………..… 52   Part 1, Table of Contents iv Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 List of Figures and Tables  FIGURES Figure 1: The Global Goals …………………………………………..……..………… 1 Figure 1.1: Schematic of the current Rectangular Strategy (RS-III) ……………….…..… 5 Figure 1.2: Headline GDP Economic Growth ………………………………….………..… 8 Figure 1.3: Revenue mobilization (as % of GDP) …………….……………..…………..… 8 Figure 1.4: Sector growth rates …………………………………….…………….………..… 9 Figure 1.5: National Poverty Headcount Ratio 2007-2014 ……………………………...… 10 Figure 1.6: Gini Coefficient 2009-2016 ………………………………….………………..… 11 Figure 1.7: Human Development Index ………………………………………….………..… 12 Figure 2.1: CMDG achievement by target and by indicators …………………………..… 14 Figure 2.2: Estimated Provincial Poverty rates (2014) …………………………………..… 17 Figure 2.3: MDG1 Trajectory and targets ………………………………..………………..… 29 Figure 3.1: RIA assessment of alignment between the SDGs and national strategic priorities …………………………………..……..…………………………..…… 31 Figure 3.2: Indicators by UNSD status – UNSD Assessment and variations …………… 32 Figure 3.3: Headings from Schedules 1 and 2 …………………………………..………..… 34 Figure 3.4: CSDG targets and global targets (by goal) …………………………………..… 35 Figure 3.5: CSDG Indicators and Global Indicators (by goal) ……………………..…..… 36 Figure 3.6: Net changes in the CSDG targets and indicators over the global SDGs (by goal) …………………………………..……..……………………………..…..… 36 Figure 4.1: CSDG Framework’s points of intersection with planning and budgeting processes …………………………………..……..…………………..………..… 39 Figure 4.2: Projected Finance Flows to 2025 (low and upper scenarios) ………...…..… 43    Part 1, Table of Contents v Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Tables  Table 2.1: Summary CMDG performance (at target level) ………………..…… 14 Table 2.2: CMDG1 Performance …………………………………..…….…..…… 16 Table 2.3: CMDG 2 performance ………………………………..…..……..…….. 18 Table 2.4: CMDG 3 Performance ………………………………..…..……..……. 19 Table 2.5: CMDG4 Performance ………………………………..…..……..…….. 21 Table 2.6: CMDG5 Performance ………………………………..…..……..…….. 22 Table 2.7: CMDG6 Performance ………………………………..…..……..…….. 23 Table 2.8: CMDG 7 Performance ………………………………..…..……..……. 24 Table 2.9: CMDG 9 Performance ………………………………..…..……..……. 26 Table 3.1: UNSD Assessment – indicator status ………………………………. 32 Table 3.2: CSG Framework (versus global SDG Targets and Indicators) …… 37 Table 4.1: Alignment between CSDGs and NSDP Priorities (dark shading - directly complementary, light shading - partially complementary) .. 41 Part 1, Table of Contents vi Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Introduction The SDGs underpin the wider Sustainable Development Agenda, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly’s 2015 session, and herald new priorities and thinking on global development needs and directions. Foremost, the SDGs recognize the twin global priorities of delivering environmental sustainability (and specifically the threat posed by climate change) and the ongoing priority of eradicating poverty. They are also more expansive, running to 17 goals and 169 targets (compared to the MDG’s 8 goals and 48 targets), and are markedly more ambitious by seeking absolute reductions and strict equalities while the previous Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has 8 goals and 48 targets. Crucially, the SDGs aim to be transformative toward sustainable development for all countries, offering both a guide to policy choices and a means of checking national progress. They explicitly recognize the importance of equity within and between countries, the universality of human needs and rights, and the interconnectedness of the development challenge. The 17 goals are clustered under 5 themes – the so- called 5 Ps - prosperity, people, planet, peace and partnership – represent a networked whole (see Figure 1). Figure 1: The Global Goals Source:UNDG,accessedonline The SDGs build on, but are characteristically different to, the forerunner MDGs. The new goals apply to all peoples and all countries, they require that no one – no people, no country or group - is left behind. The approach, asserts that the task of delivery is everyone’s business - the state, the public and private sectors, and citizens themselves - and that the SDGs are owned and driven by each country based on its own priorities, resources and capacities. As such they are not an entry point for the delivery of new streams of foreign aid, rather, their achievement rests for the most part on national leadership and resources. Each UN member state is called on to fulfil its commitments by nationalizing the goals to support their own development agenda and to enable Part 1, Introduction 1 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 effective progress monitoring and evaluation. States are free to adapt the global framework as they see fit with country context, drawing on the global goals, targets and indicators. Cambodia started this process in late 2015 by reviewing and mapping the global goals and targets to national priorities. All 17 SDGs were selected and one additional goal, related to clearance of land mines and of Explosive Remnants of War (reflecting the national priority of de-mining Cambodia’s territory), was added. This resulted in a final version comprising: 18 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals, 88 nationally- relevant targets, and 148 (global and locally-defined) indicators included 96 as national indicators. This monitoring framework for CSDG are reviewed in Chapter III (and detailed in Schedules 1 and 2 in Part 2). The Royal Government has yet to formally agree to undertake a VNR but envisages this will take place during 2019. The CSDG framework, alongside the Government’s socioeconomic platform – set out in the Rectangular Strategy (RS) – will provide the basis for the new cycle of the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP). The framework presented here will be subject to further consultations and eventual adoption by the Royal Government. The Royal Government will prepare the new Rectangular Strategy to be endorsed after its next election which will be taken place in July 2018. It is important to also bear in mind that in line with the global goals, the CSDGs frame a longer period running to 2030 and are therefore a counterpart to the Government’s Vision 2050. The CSDGs also place a high emphasis on leaving no one behind so that all Cambodians share in the country’s future development and prosperity. This is matched with a commitment to sustainability, to developing while also protecting the nation’s abundant natural capital for current and future generations, and to playing Cambodia’s part in combating climate change. The CSDG Framework has four specific objectives: ƒ Presentation of the national goals, targets, and indicators based on Cambodia’s priorities; ƒ Identification of the agencies responsible for oversight and conducting activities to achieve the targets and monitoring schedules; ƒ Identification of data sources for each indicator, and the data cycle, with a provision of working definitions and methods for calculating indicators; ƒ Presentation of pathways towards achievement of targets, setting (2015) national baselines, setting annual (or cycle-based) target values, and the implementation at sub-national level. The framework is not an action plan for delivery of the goals per se, but rather it seeks to lay out the groundwork for integrating the CSDGs into the national planning process and monitoring achievements via the efforts and actions of the Royal Government, the private sector, citizens, development partners and other stakeholders. As such, it sets out the institutional and socioeconomic context, defines the CSDGs, sets out any Part 1, Introduction 2 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 outstanding issues and identifies implementation challenges. Part 1 of the Framework Report consists of five chapters structured as follows: ƒ Chapter One presents the policy and development context. ƒ Chapter Two provides a review of CMDG performance, the forerunner goals, which ended in 2015. ƒ Chapter Three summarizes and reviews the proposed CSDG framework - the targets and indicators defined by fit with national priorities and data availability. ƒ Chapter Four on SDG implementation challenges addresses the tasks faced in moving from the planning frame to the roll-out of the goals. ƒ Chapter Five provides the conclusions. Part 1, Introduction 3 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context This Chapter sets out the policy planning and institutional setting for the CSDGs, followed by a review of the socioeconomic context. It describes how the CSDGs will be fully integrated as part of the planning framework and how they complement national policies and plans to respond to the developmental challenges Cambodia faces.

1.1 Strategic Planning Framework

1.1.1 National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been developing the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) which is the backbone of these efforts and focuses on overcoming binding constraints, bringing about the conditions for the expansion and deepening of the economy, ensuring progressive improvement in socioeconomic conditions, mobilising resources and monitoring progress. The NSDP in turn, is informed by two further strategic processes. First, by the Rectangular Strategy (RS), which articulates the socioeconomic dimensions of Government’s political platform for the current parliamentary term. Second, and more latterly, by Cambodia’s long-term visioning – the Vision 2030, which sets a path to graduation from the group of low-middle income countries and to upper middle-income status, and Vision 2050, which targets attainment of high income status. In the forthcoming NSDP 2019-2023, the pace and focus will shift again to adapting the economic model to face new challenges posed by the speed of Cambodia’s regional and global integration, declining ODA, and the potential loss of trade privileges. With 2015 as the base year for the CSDGs, the NSDP will also frame the establishment of the new delivery capacities and approaches required by the CSDG agenda and address early priorities, particularly the completion of any unfinished business from the CMDGs. Additionally, the Plan will be informed by the seven themes to emerge from the Mid-Term Review in 2016 of the current cycle. These are: (1) promoting poverty reduction and inclusive growth; (2) expanding agriculture; (3) securing greater competitiveness; (4) managing migration and urbanization; (5) combating climate change and deforestation; (6) better governance; and (7) improving the human resource base.

1.1.2 The Rectangular Strategy The government’s political platform of the 6th national assembly mandate and the Rectangular Strategy (RS) Phase IV will jointly serve as a comprehensive policy framework for formulating of NSDP 2019-2023 which is articulated in the newly elected governments, and the NSDP therefore represents the primary mechanism for delivering Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 4 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 the RS commitments. The development of RS IV will be completed after the national election in July 2018.  Figure 1.1: Schematic of the current Rectangular Strategy (RS-III)   Source: CDC, RGC The RS offers successive iterations have been grounded in four priority outcomes - Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency. The established approach is articulated within 4 policy rectangles covering enhanced agriculture, expanded physical infrastructure, private sector development and employment, and human resource development, which each containing 4 further policy components. These are centred around a core good governance rectangle and are in turn informed by an analysis of the external environment. Each phase of the RS has set out an evolving set of policy objectives. For RS III, these were: ƒ Ensuring a high level of annual economic growth (above 7%), with sustainable, inclusive and equitable, and resilient to shocks; accomplished by diversification, improved competitiveness and maintaining macroeconomic stability. ƒ Creating more, and higher value, jobs, especially for young people via promotion of domestic and foreign investment. Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 5 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 ƒ Achieving (at least) a 1 percentage point reduction in the poverty rate annually and realizing the Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (CMDGs), while prioritizing human resource development and sustainable use of natural resources. ƒ Improving institutional capacity and governance at national and sub-national levels and ensuring effectiveness public services. In introducing RS-III, Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia underlined that: “The Government recognises the need to ensure consistency in terms of hierarchy, role, substance, coherence and synchronisation between the Rectangular Strategy, the National Strategic Development Plan, sectoral development strategies, as well as other policy documents”. Moreover, he noted that the Government’s “strategy will be implemented mainly through the National Strategic Development Plan” underlining the centrality of the NSDP, and in the context of the CSDGs, its importance for connecting delivery of the long-term objectives to the policies and practices of the Government. The fourth phase of the Rectangular Strategy, (RS-IV) will resolve the new challenges faced, and specifically the pressures as Cambodia further develops as an emergent middle-income country. The Royal Government recognises the need for a stronger focus on productivity and competitiveness (particularly of labour). The importance of social development, as an adjunct to economic development – in areas like the labour market and social protection - is also necessary. This is alongside renewed commitments to effective management of natural resources, and preservation of Cambodia’s environmental endowment, including to respond to climate change1.

1.1.3 The Role of the CSDGs CSDG framework, following the endorsement of the United Nations in September 2015, is the result of localisation of the SDG goals into Cambodia context. These new themes resonate strongly with the principles and structure of the CSDGs. The goals offer both a policy guide and a means of tracking performance – promoting joined-up decision making and enabling the acceleration of development objectives. The framework is more comprehensive, than the forerunner MDGs/ CMDGs, linking the economic, environmental and social. Much of the design has been driven by MIC member states, and the framework has special advantages for socio-economic policy planning in countries like Cambodia. They also make clear the changed shape of the development challenge – the need for nationally-generated resources and finance to play the leading role in delivery, and that achievement of the goals is the business of all actors, including the private sector and citizens themselves. The CSDGs enable linkages to be made between sectors - and the relevant policy makers such as line ministries, and between planning periods - connecting long term  1 Initial briefing from SNEC/ MEF and MEF SWOT analysis Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 6 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 visioning to the NSDP, and in turn to the annual and multi-year budget practices being adopted under Cambodia’s Public Financial Management (PFM) Reforms. They also help set out policy options and directions for delivering development objectives to ensure improved policy-budget linkages. As is set out in Chapter III, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has fully adapted the framework to the Cambodian context to address national needs, challenges and aspiration, with the aim of informing the content of the NSDP and shaping its monitoring framework. The CSDGs are also capable of disaggregation, geographically to provincial level, and thematically to sectors. This will enable planning efforts to become more coherent and synchronized across polices and areas. Finally, the CSDGs offer a signal for shaping private and civil society sector investment and actions, and a means of influencing the private behaviours of consumers and producers. 

1.2 Economic Policy Context This section presents an overview of Cambodia’s economic situation, in which the CSDGs are framed. We begin with a review of output and other key macroeconomic variables and follow this with a discussion of the real economy. It is important to recall that the CSDGs cover both the level and the quality of economic development, and address inclusion and sustainability. Hence, they focus on the interactions between economic, environmental and social change, and the deeper structural drivers. In overall terms, the Cambodian economy is performing strongly and the RGC continues to provide a stable development environment by effectively addressing macroeconomic challenges and risks arising from both internal and external factors, while also facilitating structural change. Trends discussed below suggest that macroeconomic stability can be sustained going forward provided there is sufficient flexibility to address unexpected shocks. However, data for the real economy underline that further efforts are needed to accelerate improvements in productivity and competitiveness and to drive deeper structural changes. Cambodia’s economy has achieved a robust level of growth for two decades, with an average annual growth rate of between 7 and 8 % ranking it within the top ten growing economies globally. In more recent years, Cambodia has sustained an average annual rate in excess of 7%, and projections suggest this will continue in the medium term. These trends have continued to drive improvements in livelihoods and large reductions in poverty. While the per capita rate of growth has been continuing to growth with annual population growth of around 1.6%, and the GNI per capita had reached USD 1,308 in 2016. This has consolidated Cambodia’s position as a Lower Middle-Income Country (LMIC) and bodes well for the attainment of upper middle-income status around 2030. A key factor in Cambodia’s success has been the degree of macroeconomic stability. Headline inflation has remained in check, supported by effective monetary policy. A feature of the economy is the high level of dollarization (in excess of 85% of transactions by value) and the successful management of a local currency peg. This has served to strengthen public and investor confidence in the local currency and boosted stability of the banking system. Maintenance of this approach in the medium term will enable Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 7 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Cambodia to ensure ongoing stability, and indications suggest inflationary pressures will remain subdued. Additionally, the balance of payments position has improved in recent years. Strong export performance (exports rose from 49% in 2009 to 61% in 2016), which has kept pace with import growth, has limited trade deficits to less than 5% of GDP. Figure 1.2: Headline GDP Economic Growth 8.0 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014_pl 2014_act 2015_pl 2015_act 2016_pl 2016_est 2017f 2018f Source: MEF, M0P The public finances have also improved markedly (with revenues reaching around 18% of GDP in 2015/ 16 – see figure 1.2)2. The RGC has made significant efforts to maintain a sustainable budget through boosting revenues and managing cost pressures. This is important if public services are to be strengthened to meet ambitious CSDG targets. These efforts have included development of a Medium-Term Revenue Mobilization Strategy alongside continued implementation of public financial management reform agenda. Current revenue flows have risen by around a half a percentage point of GDP annually since 2011 (again see Figure 1.3). Moreover, the Government’s strategy has not involved any tax increases (except for activities threatening environment or public health), but rather has strengthened tax and non-tax administration. Figure 1.3: Revenue mobilization (as % of GDP) 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Customs Directtaxes VAT Tradetaxes NonͲtaxrevenue Capitalrevenue other  Source: MEF Macro-framework 2017, CDC/ UNDP 2017) DFA  2 MEF projections Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 8 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Public sector budget management has been enhanced, ensuring that expenditures are used more efficiently and targeted on key public services and infrastructure (for example, the budget allocated for education increased from 1.7% to 2.6% of GDP between 2013 and 2016). Investments in these priority sectors will enable Cambodia to deliver inclusive and sustainable development and meet the CSDG agenda. Programme-based budgeting, delivered under Phase 3 of the Public Financial Management Reforms (PFMR) via the adoption of Budget Strategic Plans (BSPs), has been progressively expandedand will cover all line ministries from 2018. BSPs are three year rolling budgets which link recurrent and capital expenditure allocations to policy objectives to deliver greater effectiveness (MEF, 2017). This offers a mechanism for linking the CSDGs to budget design and execution. Through the Public Debt Management Strategy, the Government has sought to ensure that public debt has remained under control, while allowing for additional borrowing to support much needed public investment. The debt stock and debt service levels are sustainable, and the strategy aims to maintain a budget deficit around 3% of GDP by 2018. Turning to the real economy, structural change has taken place progressively (see Chart 1.4). This can be attributed to the robust growth of the industrial sector (which has grown on average at around 10% per year). As a result, sector shares of value- added have changed markedly; agriculture has decreased from 37% in 2011 to 27% in 2016, industry has increased from 24% to 32% over the same period, and services have risen from 39% to 42% (WDI data). Figure 1.4: Sector value-added shares 45 40 35 30 25 20 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Agriculture Industry Services  Source: Author’s calculations based on MoEF (2016) Underpinning these changes are overall improvements in productivity and relatively higher incomes in non-agriculture sectors. Despite ongoing success in rice production, the agricultural sector remains dominated by small farms and subsistence activities. Government is keenly aware of the need to increase agricultural growth and productivity both to support structural transition, and given the high level of agricultural employment, to boost livelihoods and bear down on poverty. Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 9 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Cambodia’s leading manufacturing sector, garments and footwear, continues to support positive structural change and growth in value-added. There has also been some diversification of the industrial base – notably to automotive parts and electronics – is emerging yet the base remains narrow. Achievements are constrained by slowing improvements in labour productivity, and US dollar appreciation. Moreover, local production costs for electricity and transportation remain high relative to neighbouring countries. The service sector has also grown strongly with annual growth at 8%, especially via better performance in domestic trade and transportation-yet this sector faces some challenges while the growth rates of tourism and in real estate have slowed in recent years, they have been very strong contributors to service sector over the medium term and represent major components of employment and output. A key crosscutting issue is the need to improve labour and total factor productivity and maintain national competitiveness in export markets. This requires a set of economy- wide inputs - investment in infrastructure, more cost-effective and sustainable energy sources, and improved basic education and training; alongside sector specific changes. The latter would include for example: in agriculture, wider use of more resilient and higher value-added crop varieties, and improved farming practices and techniques; within industry, technology transfer and a systemic approach to training accreditation; and within the service sector, a special focus on the tourism sector, expanding its reach and quality. The Royal Government’s Industrial Development Policy (IDP) is central to efforts to transform the economy and boost value-added.

1.3 Socioeconomic Context Cambodia’s economic expansion has been accompanied by a series of positive socioeconomic changes. The most notable has been the very substantial reductions in poverty, with the headcount ratio based on the national line, falling from 47.8% in 2007 to 13.5% in 2014, but the subnational changes have been more complex (see Figure 1.5 below). Underpinning this has been the high level of growth, but also the relatively inclusive distribution of income - with the Gini coefficient falling from 0.34 in 2009 to 0.28 in 2016, indicating that Cambodia has become one of the most equal countries in Southeast Asia (see Figure 1.6 below). Figure 1.5: National Poverty Headcount Ratio 2007-2014 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: MoP Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 10 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Figure 1.6: Gini Coefficient 2009-2016 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016  Source: MoP Cambodia’s flexible labour market and the dominance of labour intensive production, has been key to these positive trends. Employment participation rates remain high (men 88.5%, women 77.2% in 2016) and unemployment low. Workers displaced from agriculture (due to structural change) have been absorbed by new industries, particularly the garments and construction sectors, and migration abroad (largely irregular in character to Thailand) has absorbed any further surplus labour. Nevertheless, the workforce remains largely unskilled and employment is precarious, and labour market conditions for young people are especially challenging. Equally significant is the emergence of large-scale vulnerability – defined by the risk of falling back into poverty. While large numbers have exited the ranks of the poor, the proportion of the population just above the poverty line (the so-called near poor) has grown considerably. Research for the World Bank in 2013 suggested the impact of an income shock could be sizeable - a reduction of only 70 US cents in average daily incomes would increase the poverty rate to above 40%. Often referred to as the missing middle – this group is insufficiently remunerated to protect themselves and their families yet fall outside poverty targeted assistance programmes. Addressing the needs of this large and diverse group, is a key challenge for middle income countries like Cambodia. The Government has recognized this issue within the National Social Protection Policy Framework, with proposals to expand social assistance and social insurance, which will be implemented over the next planning cycle. Broader measures of welfare, also show very positive trajectories. UNDP’s Human Development Index, a composite index of health, education and living standards, has seen exceptional levels of improvement since the mid-1990s. Performance was especially strong between 2000 and 2010, when Cambodia had the fast growing HDI in the region and was among the top five globally (see Chart 1.7). Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 11 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Figure 1.7 Human Development Index 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Cambodia Mediumhumandevelopment Lowhumandevelopment Leastdevelopedcountries Source: Authors’ calculations based on UNDP (2016) Part 1, Chapter I: Strategic Framework and Development Context 12 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt

2.1 Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (the MDGs) were launched by the United Nations in 2002, following the process initiated by the Millennium Declaration. Running to 2015, the MDGs were initially associated with a policy consensus linked to substantial increases in ODA3. However, the goals quickly became championed by low and middle- income countries themselves - both as an advocacy tool and a means of outcome monitoring. Through a process of nationalization - adaptation to the domestic context and adoption within strategic planning frameworks - the goals became a feature of the policy and M&E landscape in most developing countries. Their importance was further strengthened by regular global and domestic reporting of results, and the inclusion of MDG targets within UN and IFI programming. The SDGs, although different in scope, ambition, and conceptualization, build on the MDGs, and draw on global and national delivery experiences. Moreover, any MDG targets unmet in 2015 (termed ‘unfinished business’) have been formally cited as early priorities for SDG delivery efforts. Cambodia was among the original 189 supporting member states and developed its national framework – the Cambodia Millennium Development Goals (the CMDGs) during 2003. This largely held to the MDG specification but added a further goal on demining and the removal of explosive remnants of war (ERW) and specified a larger number of targets (under several goals) to provide greater granularity and to reflect national priorities. Additionally, the CMDGs tracked but did not report on performance under MDG8, the non-mandatory global cooperation goal. As with the global framework, the CMDGs underwent several revisions, but in their final form included 28 targets and 65 indicators. Targets were generally specified with a 2000 baseline and 2015 end-line. The Royal Government, through the Ministry of Planning (MoP) as the lead focal point, carried out regular annual reporting from 2008, and prior to that ad hoc reporting via the Council for the Development of Cambodia and United Nations Country Team. The CMDGs were progressively linked to the strategic planning system – the NSDP, and to local and sectoral plans via a system of CMDG scorecards. This Chapter reviews Cambodia’s final CMDG performance and its implementation experience to support and inform the CSDG framework and its effective roll-out. It begins with a summary account of performance, this is followed by goal by goal analysis, and closes with a discussion of any areas of unfished business and implementation challenges which are relevant to the CSDGs.  3 Agreed as part of the Monterrey Consensus in 2002. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 13 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030

2.2 Summary review of outturn performance This and the following section draw extensively on the CMDG closing report, prepared by MoP. In overall terms, Cambodia has substantially achieved the CDMGs. Some 64% of the 28 targets were met in full or were close to achievement, and this rises to 69% if unreported targets are excluded. It is also important to note that further progress has been seen in the years since 2015, and many of the remaining gaps have closed further. Figure 2.1: CMDG achievement by target and by indicators TargetLevel IndicatorLevel Notarget set;2;7% Notargetset; 11;17% Fully Achieved; 28;43% Unfinished Business;8; Fully 29% Achieved; 15;53% Unfinished Business; Almost 23;35% Almost achieved; achieved; 3;11% 3;5% Source: Author’s calculations based on CMDG reports Additionally, as Table 2.1 illustrates, Cambodia performed best on the primary targets of poverty reduction (MDG 1), child and maternal health (MDGs 4 and 5). Many targets were also delivered ahead of time, and outturn performance on these targets has outstripped the specified benchmark. Table 2.1: Summary CMDG performance (at target level) Goals Targets Performance (1a) Halve the proportion living below the nat. poverty line Achieved 1. Eradicate (1b) Reduce the proportion living in hunger Achieved Extreme Poverty and Hunger (1c) Increase the income share of the poorest 20% Unfinished business (1d) Improve nutrition & end stunting Unfinished business (2a) Achieve 100% net enrolment at primary level Almost Achieved 2. Achieve (2b) Achieve 100% completion rate at primary level Unfinished Business Universal Primary Education (2c) Achieve universal literacy of people aged 15-25 Almost Achieved (2d) Achieve gender parity at primary school level Achieved (3a) Achieve gender equality in education & literacy Achieved Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 14 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 3. Promote Gender (3b) Empower women in wage employment Unfinished Business Equality and (3c) Empower women in decision making Unfinished Business Empowering Women (3d) Combat gender-based violence No target values 4. Reduce Child (4a) Reduce the infant mortality rate Achieved Mortality (4b) Reduce under-five child mortality rate Achieved 5. Improve Maternal (5a) Reduce the maternal mortality ratio Achieved Health (5b) Increase % of births attended by skilled personnel Achieved 6. Combat (6a) Cut HIV prevalence among general population Unfinished Business HIV/AIDS, (6b) Reduce the TB mortality rate and prevalence Unfinished Business Malaria and Other Disease (6c) Cut the malaria mortality rate Achieved (7a) Sustainable development principles & reverse natural resource loss No target values 7. Ensure (7b) Achieve access to safe water & sanitation Achieved Environmental Sustainability (7c) Reduce dependency on wood for fuel Unfinished Business (7d) Increase proportion with secure land tenure Achieved 8. Global No targets Not applicable Partnership 9. Demine/ remove (9a) Reduce the number of civilian casualties Achieved Explosive Remnants & (9b) Clear land in contaminated areas Achieved Assist Victims Source:MoP The level of poverty reduction is particularly impressive - the headline rate more than halved with the target achieved by 2012, some three years ahead of schedule. Cambodia also made strong progress in the areas where the framework was more adapted to its needs - notably on the clearance of land mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). Nevertheless, there remain many areas of unfinished business. While some of these gaps have narrowed or even closed in the years since 2015 – notably in education and gender empowerment – significant issues remain. Weaknesses on the environment targets in MDG 7, the nutrition target in MDG 1 and the HIV and TB targets on MDG 6 will need to be addressed urgently by the new CSDG framework.

2.3 Goal by goal review

2.3.1 CMDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Cambodia made remarkable progress in reducing poverty – the national headcount ratio fell from over 60% in 2004 to 13.5% in 2014. Similarly, as shown in Table 2.2, this been accompanied by the elimination of hunger (the population living in food poverty) estimated at 20% of the population in the base year; and a reduction in Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 15 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 inequality – the share of consumption of the lowest quintile rose to 9% in 2014 from 6.85% in 2007. Table 2.2: CMDG1 Performance Achievements No Indicators 2015 2015 Unit 2000 2005 2010 actual target (1a) Halve the proportion of people living below the national poverty line 1 Reduce the proportion of people 13.5 39.5% 47.8 ” living below the poverty line to ” % 21.1 (1993) (2007) (2014) 19.5% 19.5%. (1b) Reduce the proportion of people living in hunger 2 Reduce the proportion of people 20.0 0 living in hunger to ”10%. % 4.32 4.07 ” 10% (1993) (2014) (1C) Increase the share of income received by the poorest 20% 3 Raise the share of the poorest 20% of 7.4 6.85 9 the quintile to 11%. % 7.9 • 11% (1993) (2007) (2014) (1D) Improve nutrition & end stunting 4 Reduce prevalence of underweight 23.0 children (<5 yrs. old) % 45.2 28.0 28.0 ” 19% (2014) 5 Reduce the prevalence of stunted 32.0 children % 44.6 43.0 40.0 ” 25% (2014) 6 Reduce the prevalence of wasted 10.0 children % 15.0 8.0 11.0 ” 9% (2014) 7 Reduce prevalence of anaemia 56.0 among children aged 6-59 months % - 62.0 55.0 42 (2014) 8 Reduce the prevalence of anaemia 45.0 among women aged 15-49 % - 47.0 44.0 42 (2014) 9 Increase the proportion of % - - 83.0 - 90 households using iodized salt 10 Reduce the prevalence of working 16.5 19.3 children (” 17 yrs.) % - 16.8 ” 8% (1999) (2014) Source: MoP/ line ministry data By any measure, these rank as major achievements, and credit must be given to the leadership and facilitating efforts of the Royal Government, for maintaining macroeconomic stability and market openness, and hence, promoting economic growth. Falling poverty was driven both by vibrancy of the economy and the relatively equitable pattern of distribution. Sustaining this rate of change in the future may, however, become challenging, primarily because those remaining in poverty become harder to reach, as mainstream economic growth becomes a less effective mechanism. In addition, as the contextual analysis showed, while poverty has fallen, vulnerability (to shocks) has risen, and efforts are needed to ensure those living close to the poverty line are made more secure and resilient. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 16 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Additionally, while improved income equality was delivered, the improvement fell some way short of the specified targets. Moreover, going forward, positive dynamics in Cambodia’s changing economy - diversification of the base towards higher value- added production and skills wage premia - will make delivering this still more difficult. This is paralleled by the continued presence of subnational disparities in incomes, and hence poverty levels, notably between Cambodia’s richer core, and its poorer peripheral provinces. As figure 2.2 below underlines, poverty rates vary markedly, and this pattern is replicated in other indicators. Poverty incidence is estimated to be as high as 29% in Rattanakiri and Otdar Meanchey4, similarly, nutritional deficiencies have appeared to rank above 40% in Preah Vihear and Kampong Chhnang. These subnational variations are a further dimension of unfinished business. Figure 2.2: Estimated Provincial Poverty rates (2014) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0  Source: Adapted from MoP Small Area Estimates The elimination of extreme or food poverty (which defines hunger) is also an important success that the Government has championed. Although tempered by weaker indictor data for stunting and wasting (again see Table 2.2) it is evident that continued efforts and financial support are needed to address the health and nutrition of children. It is, however, useful to also recognize that change here is incremental and this is a long- term process. Positively the incidence of children suffering from anaemia has been reduced, and the target for the use of iodized salt has been reached.

2.3.2 CMDG2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Performance on the educational CMDG was mixed (see Table 2.3). The education sector has achieved impressive literacy rates for people aged 15-25 years (93% in 2013 versus 80.4% in 2000); the net enrolment at primary school level rose to 98% in 2015 (compared to 85% in 2000); and gender disparities in school attendance between girls and boys are now almost non-existent. In each of these areas the targets were met.  4 Per NIS/ MoP Small Area Estimates 2014 Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 17 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 However, for more the demanding metrics, enrolment at higher levels and completion rates, less progress was made. Enrolment at lower secondary level (55.1% in 2015) continues to lag along with completion rates (primary 84.1% and secondary 40.3% in 2015). Table 2.3: CMDG 2 performance Achievements Target Indicators 2015 2015 Unit 2000 2005 2010 actual target (2A) Achieve 100% net enrolment rate at primary level Literacy rate for population aged 15- % 80.4 88.8 93.0 94.5 24 years old from 2004 to 2013 (2B) Achieve 100% completion rate at primary level Net enrolment rate at primary level % 85 76.6 85.6 97.9 100 (2001) (2014/15) (2C) Achieve universal literacy in the population aged 15-25 years Gross enrolment rate - lower % - 45.8 58.1 55.1 74 secondary Primary completion rate 51 % 46.8 83.2 84.1 100 (2001) Lower secondary completion rate % - 19.7 48.7 40.3 100 (2D) Achieve gender parity at primary school level Gender ratio at the primary school level Ratio 0,95 0.97 0.91 1 1 Gender ratio at secondary level Ratio 0.68 0.79 0,97 1.1 1 Source: MoP Achievements have nevertheless been policy-driven and provide much to build on. MoEYS initiatives - free breakfasts for pupils, limiting educational fees/ waivers, and constructing schools close to homes, and focusing on the gender dimensions - have clearly helped to promote enrolment. Equally, the Government’s financial support to the expansion and strengthening of Community Education Centres has contributed to improved literacy levels. Issues remain however, with the quality of education and the sizeable variations in progress between schools and provinces. Improving completion rates is an RGC priority to meet the needs of the job market and deliver employment benefits to all. Efforts to tackle poverty levels in lagging, remote provinces are important to allowing parents to afford to send their children to school and creating awareness among these communities on the long-term benefits of education is also vital. Providing a conducive environment through gender friendly facilities and infrastructure to promoted access to schools (road connectivity) have further roles to play. Boosting the demand by improving the basic quality and effectiveness of learning in schools and strengthening technical and vocational Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 18 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 education are key enabling conditions. The Royal Government has reiterated, in successive versions of the RS phases, that education is a driver of human resource potentials and vital for the country’s growth and development.

2.3.3 CMDG 3: Promoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women Performance on the gender goal was also mixed - as Table 2.4 makes clear, for the reported targets only one, parity in education and literacy, was met in full. Moreover, indicators were only available for three of the targets, as no data was given for gender- based violence (GBV). Table 2.4: CMDG 3 Performance Achievements No Indicators 2015 2015 Unit 2000 2005 2010 actual Targets (3a) Achieve gender equality in education & literacy % 48 1 Female/ male ratio upper secondary 60 82 100 100 (2001) Female/male ratio in tertiary % 38 2 45.6 86.7 85 85 education (2001) Ratio literate females/males 15-24 % 87 3 90 98.3 100 100 years (1998) Ratio literate females/males 25-44 % 78 4 80 99 100 100 years (1998) (3b) Empower women in wage employment Women in wage employment - all 5 % - - 42.2 - 50 sectors Proportion of women in wage 35.0 45.7 6 % 52.5 53.0 50 employment - agricultural sector (1998) (2013) Proportion of women in wage 44 7 % 53.3 - 45.4 50 employment - industrial sector. (1998) Proportion of women in wage 21.0 32.0 8 % 27.0 27.4 50 employment - service sector. (1998) (2013) (3c) Empower women in decision making Proportion of seats held by women in 12.3 19.5 21 20.32 9 % 30 the National Assembly (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) Proportion of seats held by women in 14.75 14.75 14.75 14.75 10 % 30 the Senate. (1999 (2006) (2012) (2012) 7.4 7.1 7.1 10.7 11 Proportion of female ministers % 15 (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) Proportion of female secretaries of 6 6.6 8 20.54 12 % 18 state (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 19 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Proportion of female under 4 7.5 15.1 17.6 13 % 20 secretaries of state (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) Proportion of female provincial 14 % 0 0 0 0 10 governors Proportion of female deputy 1 20 17 15 % 0 15 provincial governors (2003) (2011) (2014) Proportion of seats held by women in 9.4 15.1 17.8 16 % - 25 commune councils (2002) (2007) (2012) (3d) End Gender-based Violence (GBV) 17 Number of GBV protection orders No. issued - - - - -  Source:MoPdata Nevertheless, although off-track, both gendered decision making in politics and the public service indicators show very strong improvements, most notably the proportions of seats held by women in the National Assembly and female Secretaries of State. Progress in the economic sector remained weak, the targets for wage-based employment in all sectors were not met; and early progress in industry and agricultural employment which saw both indicators meet their target values in 2005 and 2010, had regressed back by 2015. Due to the lack of data it is hard to comment on the progress made in reducing gender- based violence, however, the Royal Government takes this issue very seriously. It has enacted a number of laws during the CMDG period to protect the rights of women and girls, including: the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims (2005); and the Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation (2007). In addition, the second National Action Plan to Prevent Violence Against Women was launched in 2015. In sum, gender equality is a key area of unfinished business, which needs to be taken up within the CSDG agenda. This applies within specific sectors, where encouragingly the education data underlines the ability of Government to deliver gender parity in public service outcomes; and to cross-sectoral issues, although here the weaker performance in economy and governance, suggests progress may be more problematic. This is perhaps unsurprising given the latter issues are socially rooted and less amenable to direct interventions. Combatting GBV is a specific challenge, and the early identification of reliable data is an absolute priority.

2.3.4 CMDG4: Reduce Child Mortality As Table 2.5 makes clear, Cambodia has made exceptional progress on this goal, with the primary indicators showing the two principal targets – the infant and the under 5s mortality rates - were met in full and ahead of time. Equally, the secondary targets - for child vaccinations and the proportion of mothers’ breast feeding - also show strong performance. However, it is telling that the improvement on these are necessary. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 20 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Table 2.5: CMDG4 Performance 2015 2015 No Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 Actual Target (4a) Reduce the infant mortality rate Infant mortality rate (IMR) to 50 /1,000 95.0 28 1 66.0 45.0 50 by 2015 births (1998) (2014) (4b) Reduce under-five child mortality rate Under 5-year child mortality rate /1,000 124.0 35 2 83.0 54.0 65 (U5MR) births (1998) (2014) (4c) Increase immunization More than 90% children are 98 3 % 71.0 79.0 92.0 >90 vaccinated (2014) (4d) Increase breast feeding Up to 70% infants ” 6 months are 93 4 % 11.4 - 74.0 70 exclusively breast-fed (2014) Source:MoPdata It is likely that success has been the impact of both service improvements - increased pre-natal and post-natal health care services (health professionals and provision of health facilities), and broader socioeconomic change (reductions in poverty and improved nutrition). Subnational analysis (using CDHS data) also underlines that the provincial pattern of change has been significant, with many remote and economically lagging provinces showing stronger than average improvements. This is in line with broader measures of welfare and life expectancy data discussed in Chapter 1. However, despite this, inter-provincial differences, rooted in inequalities in income and living standards, and in access to quality healthcare and other public services, persist.

2.3.5 CMDG5: Reduce Maternal Mortality CMDG5, as a counterpart to the previous goal, also recorded very good performance, with two of the three targets met – the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and the fertility rate, but the target for post-natal and contraception use was not met (due to low take up). As seen in Table 2.6 below, improvements in key medical inputs – attendance of skilled medical personnel (at birth now reaching an impressive 85% and reaching over 90% for post-natal care) and the number of Caesarean section procedures are especially strong. These reflect the expansion of Cambodia’s healthcare system, particularly in remote and lagging areas, which has been prioritized by the Royal Government. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 21 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Table 2.6: CMDG5 Performance 2015 2015 No Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 Actual Target (5a) Improve MMR and delivery Maternal mortality ratio (mortality 437 170 1 Ratio 472 206 250 per 100,000 live births) (1997) (2014) Proportion of births attended by 89 2 % 32 44 71 87 skilled health personnel (2014) Proportion of pregnant women 5.37 3 % 1.12 1.18 2.56 4 delivering by Caesarean Section. (2014) (5b) Improved use of contraception and better pre/ post-natal care Proportion of married women 24.82 35 4 using modern contraceptive % 19 21 60 (2008) (2014) methods. Proportion of pregnant women 90.5 5 with •2 ANC with skilled health % 25.4 52.2 72 90 (2014) personnel. (5c) Reduce the fertility rate 6 Total fertility rate % 4.0 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.0 Source:MoP However, it is also important to recognize that the primary targets were framed on very high base values, and the MMR remains high by international standards. Improvements require behavioural changes, which in turn are shaped by culture and customary practices. The remaining challenge is that only 35% achieved while target was 60% for reproductive health service usage-- and the rate of teenage pregnancy is still high. The Royal Government has moved forward on this agenda through its 10-Point Programme on Health.

2.3.6 CMDG 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases Performance on the three targets within Goal 6 was mixed (see Table 2.7). Cambodia successfully met its malarial target, and almost achieved its TB target, but fell short on the incidence of HIV/AIDS. Policy inputs have also been significant in reducing malarial mortality and declines in tuberculosis -prevalence rates were cut via a major expansion in community DOT programmes to health center level in the whole country at the end of 2004. However, as with other targets, there remain serious regional disparities on each of these diseases. This is part geographic (for example provinces where mosquito density is high) and part socioeconomic (poor households have more challenging needs and are less able to able self-fund treatment). Yet is also a question of public resourcing and its distribution, and many local delivery systems remain weak and underfunded. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 22 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Table 2.7: CMDG6 Performance Achievements Indicators 2015 2015 Unit 2000 2005 2010 actual target (6a) Reduce HIV/ AIDS incidence HIV prevalence (total % 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 pop) (6b) Cut TB mortality Prevalence of all forms /100 000 668 1,620 1,230 875 653 of TB population (2014) /100 000 58 TB Mortality rate 128 93 68 - population (2014) 6 (c) Combat malarial infections /100 000 0.07 Malaria mortality rate 5.3 1.4 0.98 0.78 population (2014) Source:MoPdata

2.3.7 CMDG 7: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability Goal 7 on environmental sustainability, poses important challenges for Cambodia and encompasses four major targets and an expansive number of indicators (see Table 2.8). It is difficult to comment on overall performance as end-line values have not been set for the first target (Integrate sustainable development into national policies and reduce environmental loss); moreover, while targets 2 (improved access to water) and 4 (improved land tenure) see strong progress, target 3 (reduce dependence on firewood) was not met. Although housed under a single goal these targets have very different contexts and drivers. A key finding from the data for the first target’s indicator data is that protection of Cambodia’s natural environment in the early CMDG period did not assume a high enough priority. Forest cover declined throughout the period, with likely negative ecological implications. The Royal Government in the last years of the CMDGs responded and has reformed and reconfigured its approach – establishing forest communities, encouraging and incentivizing rubber plantations to replace forest losses, and increasing the coverage of protected areas. But these remedial actions will take time to deliver. With regard to fisheries, the picture was more positive with the number of fishing communities rising, the abolition of fishing lots (assigned fishing rights) and the expansion of conversation areas. Progress on securing access to clean water and sanitation, another important CMDG 7 target, was unambiguously strong –with target values for both urban and rural areas met in full and several ahead of time. This provides a sound foundation going forward (although it should also be borne in mind that sanitation levels remain low by Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 23 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 international standards). Performance was similarly strong on the land tenure target; registered land rose from 10% in 2000 to 58% in 2015. Finally, the reduced use of firewood target was not met by some margin. This remains an area of unfinished business, emphasizing the need to accelerate efforts by the Government to develop alternative sources and to promote fuel-efficient cooking stoves. Table 2.8: CMDG 7 Performance 2015 No Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 actual (7a) Integrate principles of sustainable development and reverse the loss of environmental resources 49.9 1 Forest Cover % 63.7 59.1 57.1 (2014) 9,056 ’000 ha 11,540 10,730 10,363 (2014) 2 Forest Communities No 264 402 441 497 ha 179,021 380,589 391,831 514,834 Officially registered forest 3 No - - 233 401 communities ha - - 230,370 338,317 4 Non-investment agro- ’000 ha 57.8 50.7 54.2 55.9 industrial rubber land 5 Investment agro-industrial ’000 ha 34.6 66.5 118.4 135.4 rubber land 6 Family rubber land ’000 ha 88.9 95.9 106.7 137.4 Surface of 23 protected 7 ’000 ha 3,263 3,111 3,101 3,098 areas Protected Area 8 No 4 59 98 129 Communities Number of rangers in 9 No 325 700 480 960 protected areas Reducing fishing lots to - 89.8 10 % 56.4 56.7 local communities Fish catch - inland, marine 136 674 11 ’000 tons 354.9 550 & aquaculture (2002) (2014) 12 Fishing communities No - 440 469 516 (7b) Increase the proportion of people who have access to potable water supply & sanitation Proportion pop with access 24.0 41.6 50 13 % 43.49 to potable water (rural) (1998) (2008) (2014) Proportion pop with access 60.0 80.7 14 % - 80.5 to portable water (urban) (1998) (2014) Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 24 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Proportion pop with access 8.6 16.8 46.2 15 % 29.2 to sanitation (rural) (1998) (2005) (2014) Proportion pop with access 49.0 89.0 16 % - 86.6 to sanitation (urban) (1998) (2014) (7c) Reduce dependence on firewood for cooking to 52% Reduce dependence on 92.0 74.8 17 % 84.0 79.5 firewood for cooking (1993) (2014) (7d) Increase the proportion of people with secure land tenure Increase % pop. with 18 % 10.0 15.0 32.0 58.0 secure land tenure Source: MoP

2.3.8 CMDG 8: Forge a Global Partnership for Development MDG8ͲForge a Global Partnership for Development – was focused on high-income and donor countries and linked to the renewed commitments given within the Monterrey Consensus to meeting the 0.7% (of GNI) provision of Official Development Assistance (ODA). Goal 8 was specified under 6 targets which can grouped be under three headings: improving international rules, the delivery of resources, primarily ODA but also technologies; and the building of a new partnership within international intuitions. Cambodia did not adopt formal targets within the CMDGs, but still did track ODA resource flows and sought to progressively strengthen its partnership with international actors. The Royal Government continued to successfully mobilize resources and use these to support socioeconomic development. Total ODA disbursements peaked at USD 1.43 billion in 2014, and although they have progressively declined remained quite substantial. Moreover, over time, the proportion made up by concessional loans has also grown as the development focus has shifted to infrastructural investments. In the coming years the Government’s financing will shift further to securing value from rising domestic tax revenues, and incentivizing private sector investment. Inevitably this will require new competencies and approaches. The Royal Government has strengthened cooperation with development partners by formulating the Development Cooperation and Partnership Strategy 2014-2018 as a complement to the NSDP. The DCPS establishes principles and tools for promoting development effectiveness, clarifies roles and responsibilities and establishes dialogue arrangements with development partners. Attainment of MIC status and greater regional integration via the founding of the ASEAN Economic Community also represents new opportunities for partnership building and implies greater peer-peer learning and South-South cooperation. Private sector engagement is another emerging area of cooperation. The concept of Financing for Development, referring to the marshalling of all resource flows, public and private, external and internal, has been adopted wholeheartedly by the Government; a Development Finance Assessment was prepared in 2017 and its application will be important in delivering the CSDGs. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 25 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030

2.3.9 CMDG 9: Demining, Removing Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) and Victim Assistance The addition of CMDG9 was the clearest example of efforts to fully adapt the global MDGs to the national context. This reflected the Royal Government’s absolute commitment to ending the blight that landmines and unexploded ordnance places on local communities. Two targets were framed under this additional goal: reducing the number of resulting causalities; and the progressive elimination of mine and ordnance- contaminated land. Both are to be delivered by the programmes administered by the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA), with the ultimate aim of reaching a zero deaths and injuries/ zero mines and ordnance position. As Table 2.9 makes clear, progress under the benchmarks to 2015 ensured that both targets were met in full. The Government also assisted and rehabilitated victims of mine-related accidents. The Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation, with development partner support, built 15 Physical Rehabilitation Centres, and every year it provides physical rehabilitation to around 100 mine victims. Table 2.9: CMDG 9 Performance 2015 No Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 actual 1 Number of casualties caused by landmines and ERW (killed and injured) Target No 575 357 220 130 Achievement No 858 875 286 79 2 Landmine and ERW contaminated land cleared/released Target Ha 1,562 4,466 5,374 5,909 Achievement Ha 3,208 4,065 11,950 16,104 Source: CMAA In the early years of the CMDG framework, it proved difficult to identify the remaining contaminated land area and to match resources to the scale of the challenges faced. As the programme progressed, CMAA projections and targets became more accurate, but inevitably this pushed back the likely zero/ zero end point. Challenges are also presented by the flooding of previously cleared and resettled areas; these areas have regularly been re-contaminated by mines and ordinance borne by flood waters. Going forward it is vital that long-term plans are accurate and adequately framed but, clearly, the remaining task is still substantial. Declining external financial resources have placed additional pressures on the CMAA, and therefore, the Royal Government will seek to prioritize demining works within future budgetary allocations. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 26 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030

2.4 Key Issues: Reflections and lessons learnt This final section picks up issues from Cambodia’s experience in delivering the CMDGs that are useful and relevant to the framing of the CSDGs and their implementation. It focuses on three areas: (i) the identification of unfinished CMDG business, which will need to be prioritized; (ii) planning, data and M&E issues; and (iii) oversight and delivery lessons. Unfished CMDG Business: In line with the discussion above, a number of targets can be identified as incomplete and are therefore a priority for programming under the CSDG framework. These are listed below along with an assessment of their relative prioritization and possible policy actions. ƒ Under Goal 1: - Target (1c) Raise share of incomes received by the poorest 20% - this requires ensuring incomes of the poor rise by proportionately more than other groups. However, this target is only marginally off-track, and other metrics which show ongoing improvements in inequality, and therefore of low/ medium priority. It is deliverable via a combination of efforts to channel economic opportunities to lagging groups and regions, and through roll-out of poverty-targeted social assistance measures. - Target (1d) Improve nutrition and reduce stunting - this shows much more significant under performance, affording it a higher priority. This is a more demanding policy objective and will likely require a number of interventions – including: social assistance (particularly child grants), food supplementation, school feeding, public health measures and communications for development.      ƒ Under Goal 2: - Target (2b) achieve 100% completion within primary and secondary schooling -this is a counterpart to the enrolment rate and will over time move in the same direction. The targets are marginally off-track, and the performance gap has continued to close, implying this is a medium level priority. Policy efforts to improve the quality of schooling alongside improved administrative tracking of students would make useful contributions. ƒ Under Goal 3: - Target (3b) on women’s economic empowerment, and specifically, women’s position within the labour market – here the supporting indicators have varied over time meeting the target and then falling back over two cycles. The data requires review and further investigation therefore needed before committing to prioritization. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 27 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 - Target (3c) improving the position of women in public life and decision-making - the five indictors here vary considerably with 2 meeting the target and 3 falling short. However, imbalances are clear at the higher levels – notably for ministers and women provincial governors, and this is a high priority area for making the balance. ƒ Under Goal 6: - Target (6a) deliver further reductions in HIV prevalence - while progress has been strong on the base, but the prevalence is still high at highlands area. However, UNAIDS data shows a further decline in recent years (to 0.4% in 2016), indicating that the target has now been achieved. ƒ Under Goal 7: - Target (7c) Reduce dependency on wood for fuel – this target has seen very disappointing progress and remedial actions are required. The provision of sustainable fuel alternative is key but must be combined with measures to change customs and practices and to sensitize consumers. Additionally, insufficient information is available on: (3d) Reduce Violence against Women, where seemingly the data was not collected; and (7a) Integrate principles of sustainable development & reverse losses of natural resources, which lacks end-line targets. It appears that some of these were previously specified (notably for forest cover) but have been discontinued. These are both key issues and follow-up is required. Finally, as the discussion on many of the CMDGs made clear, while national performance met the specified end-line targets, subnational analyses show there are major disparities between localities. Moreover, these often had a common pattern, with strong outcomes in core regions matched with weak performance in lagging, and often remote and deprived, areas. These geographical gaps are an additional dimension of unfinished business, and will assume a special importance within the CSDGs, given the commitment to leaving no one behind and the RGC’s prioritisation of inclusive development policies. These trends are particularly evident on the poverty goal and several public service CMDGs.

2.5 Planning and M&E Issues Planning and measurement questions provide the second set of issues arising from CMDG implementation experience – these include: estimation of targets, their monitoring through time and indicator data collection. The quality of target setting can be defined by the extent to which targets meet the SMART criteria, that they are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound. Given the MDG parameters - the selected targets and indicators and time period - the key issues faced in crafting national targets were their measurability, achievability and relevance. The long delivery process and the lack of data sources also imposed Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 28 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 constraints, and the CMDG experience showed that, while efforts were made to design SMART national targets, many had to be revised and refined during the delivery process. This included changes (typically loosening) the target values and the selection of additional indicators to serve as proxy measures where data was not available. While this is a normal part of any monitoring process, these changes needed to be made through a regularized process which is open to review by external parties and underpinned by evidence. Additionally, again due to evidence constraints, tracking through time (to periodic milestones) was rudimentary and by and large a linear approach was employed. However, CMDG experience showed most indicators followed non-linear trajectories and as change theory suggests these matched standard patterns: (1) stepped changes, typically where performance impact followed resource inputs; (2) exponential, where change is initially slow but accelerates as policy or inputs build momentum; or (3) logarithmic, where initial change is large and declined as diminishing returns then set in. Moreover, the pattern on a single indictor may change in complex ways, moving between patterns. Poverty reduction under CMDG 1 is a useful example (see Figure 2.3). The target was set based on the initial linear track, but this evolved to an accelerated pattern of improvement (from 2007), with major reductions followed by diminishing returns, yet this was not reflected in the milestone tracking. Clearly if milestone targets are to remain specific and relevant, greater analysis is required at the outset and non-linear trajectories need to be considered. Regular review should also take place to update patterns of change through time. Figure 2.3: MDG1 Trajectory and targets 80 60 40 Lineartrack 20 EndTarget 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PovertyHCR EndTarget Lineartrack  Source: CSES data Lessons from CMDG Oversight and Delivery Arrangements The final set of issues refer to the allocation of roles and responsibilities, the functionality of the policy feedback process, and links to resource allocation (via the NSDP, the RS and the budget). A foremost consideration for any outcome targeting system is the effective assignment of roles and responsibilities between actors, and crucially the separation, but also Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 29 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 successful articulation of oversight and delivery. Within the CMDGs, at national level, roles were rigorously defined with MoP leading on oversight, and line ministries on delivery in line with their sectoral functions. Regular annual updating, and reporting functioned well, with useful feedback given to policymakers. At sectoral and even more so at subnational level, the approach was more ad hoc. Oversight within sectors was shared between MoP and line ministries, via preparation of sector score cards, while delivery remained wholly with line ministries. This functioned best where the line ministries were more engaged, and crucially where the goals were more directly achieved via government actions. It is worth noting that the CMDGs included both types of goals (often public service outcomes), and others where official interventions were more influencing than driving (e.g. poverty and environmental outcomes). This meant the process tended to favour the education and health sectors, and it is perhaps telling that these areas see some of the strongest CMDG outcomes. There are therefore important lessons for the CSDGs concerning the RGC’s policy agenda and its capacity toward the achievements of CSDGs. At subnational level, practice was more ad hoc, with few localities fully adopting local CMDG score cards. While, recognizing that their (then) limited powers to affect change and basic capacity constraints were also significant, it is also important to note the role this may have played in the disparities between areas that emerged. The quality of the interface between delivery (implementation) and oversight (M&E and reporting) efforts - often referred to as the policy feedback process was also crucial in delivering CMDG results. This was enabled by linking the CMDG framework via planning and budgetary systems to policymaking and resource allocation. The role of policy dialogue with development partners and other stakeholders, including through the Technical Working Groups, was another factor. The CMDG experience showed these links took time to develop and were best articulated with the NSDP and sector plans in a partnership-based context. Latterly efforts were made to influence the budgetary process, but these were still somewhat limited. Additionally, most feedback on CMDG performance took place ex-post, with performance weaknesses addressed after the event, and through broad policy actions. Improving these linkages, especially within Government now that domestic resources will finance a larger share of development activity, will be vitally important for delivering the CSDGs, given their size and complexity, and the more demanding agenda. This important issue is therefore returned to in Chapter V. Part 1, Chapter II: Cambodia Millennium Goals (CMDGs) and lessons learnt 30 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework

3.1 Introduction This third, substantive chapter, presents the Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) framework, which has been designed and compiled under the leadership of the Ministry of Planning. This chapter begins with a discussion of the development process; the CSDGs are then outlined and compared to the global framework; and finally, outstanding issues and follow-up actions are set out.

3.2 CSDG development process Following adoption of the global goals in late 2015, the Royal Government assigned the Ministry of Planning as the focal point for taking forward the development of the future CSDGs framework. Efforts began with the sensitization and briefing of policymakers, ministries and agencies and wider Cambodian society. This was followed by the formal CSDG development process. As with the forerunner CMDGs, the Government’s approach was to adapt and adopt the goals, selecting targets and shaping indicators to fit the national context and ultimately to build a framework capable of being hardwired within national planning process. The Government also recognized the considerably more demanding task it faced – the global SDG data set (which was finally agreed in 2016) contained 17 goals, 169 targets and 230 indicators (UN, 2016). Moreover, the approach to implementation and monitoring was wholly different with members states required to take the lead role, enjoying wide discretion to the framework, but also relying on national statistical and administrative data and systems. To assist the development process, the Government partnered with the United Nations agencies to provide two preliminary analyses of the task faced. The first, the Rapid Integrated Assessment (RIA) undertaken in 2016 by the UNDP’s Regional Bureau for Asia and Pacific, focused on the goals and targets, providing an assessment of how these mapped on to Cambodia’s policies and strategies; specifically, the NSDP and principal sectoral and cross sector strategies (UNDP, 2016). This provided an account of alignment (or divergences) between the SDGs and Cambodia’s policy agenda. It potentially also provides the basis for the future prioritization of goals and targets. Figure 3.1: RIA assessment of alignment between the SDGs and national strategic priorities 5.4% MissingTargets 17.16% PartlyAligned Fullyaligned 87.8  Source: Authors’ calculations based on UNDG (2016) Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 31 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 The RIA found very strong correspondence between relevant SDG targets (109 of the 169) and Cambodia’s strategic policy goals; with 87 targets fully aligned, 17 partially aligned, and only 17 not aligned5. Therefore around 95% of the relevant SDG targets matched with Cambodia’s existing policy priorities - providing a strong the basis for adaption and adoption of the goals, and linking the future CSDG framework to the national planning process. The second major UN input, the SDG Assessment from the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD 2017), focused on the indicators and the availability of reliable data sources. Its approach was to examine the match, periodicity and quality of current sources to support the full global SDG dataset of 232 indicators (205 after excluding the non-applicable indicators). It employed a three-way classification: Currently Available or Easily Feasible (CA/ EF); Feasible with Strong Efforts (FSE); and Not Feasible with Strong Efforts (NFSE). Subsequently, an independent mission undertaken the EU-ASEAN Compass monitoring and statistics project repeated the assessment for a core set of 123 indicators selected by ASEAN and reassessed the full dataset to provide a second opinion (EU-ASEAN Compass, 2017). The results for the base, a second opinion and the ASEAN indicator analysis, are provided in Table 3.1 and in Figure 3.2 below.   Table 3.1: UNSD Assessment – indicator status  UNSDAssessment ASEAN 2ndOpinion  No % No % No %        Currentavailable/easilyfeasible 66 32.2% 51 41.5% 70 34.1% Feasiblewithstrongefforts 94 45.9% 50 40.7% 101 49.3% Notfeasiblewithstrongefforts 45 22.0% 22 17.9% 34 16.6% Source:Authors’calculationsbasedonUNSD(2017,EU2017) Figure 3.2: Indicators by UNSD status – UNSD Assessment and variations UNSDBaseAssessment 2ndOpinion ASEAN CA&EF FSE NFSE CA&EF FSE NFSE CA&EF FSE NFSE   Source:Authors’calculationsbasedonUNSD(2017)  5 This comparison was based on 109 indicators: total number (169) less those not applicable to Cambodia (4), less means of implementation targets (43), and less those within the partnership goal (SDG17) (13). Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 32 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Each assessment underlined the considerable challenges faced in populating the standard SDG indicator set with data of the right quality. The initial UNSD review found that only 32% of indicators fell into the first, available or easily feasible, category; 46% in the second, feasible with strong efforts category; and 22% in the third, non-feasible category. Taking the smaller ASEAN core set of indicators improved the position markedly to 42%, 41% and 17% respectively. The position improved marginally based on the results of the second opinion exercise. The RIA and the UNSD assessment informed the MoP’s work during 2017 an early 2018 to design and develop the framework. Following initial consultations with Royal Government counterparts, MoP set out the basis of the CSDG framework. This included adoption of the global goals plus an additional goal (CSDG18) for de-mining and removal of Explosive Remnants of War (ERW); acceptance of the targets within the global framework, but selecting only those relevant to Cambodia, and capable of being populated with collectable and reliable indicators. The operational framework was then compiled via a major MoP-guided compilation process with line ministries and official agencies. The latter were assigned the task of selecting (existing global) and/ or designing (new) indicators (as proxies, substitutes or additions), and sourcing these from national statistical and administrative data. MoP guided this exercise on the basis of global SDGs, the two UN reviews, and best M&E practice (i.e. following SMART principles). The final section was set out in two template schedules: - Schedule 1 listing selected indicators and their metadata - specifying the responsible agency, sources of data, cycle of data (periodicity), definitions, and method/ basis of calculation. - Schedule 2 detailing target and indicator data – including: the baseline (for 2015 or equivalent), annual or multi-annual milestones and end line (target) values for each indicator. Noting that values can be flexed dependent on the availability of data sources. Completion of these records and data was also facilitated via a series of workshops at sector (education, health etc.) level and cross-sector level (gender, climate change/ environment etc.), organized by MoP and the respective line ministry or cross-sectoral focal point. Following the return of templates during 2017, these were reviewed for quality and compiled by MoP in early 2018.

3.3 Proposed CSDG Framework

3.3.1 Overview of the CSDGs The consolidated versions of Schedules 1 and 2 are the final outcomes of the development process and represent the CSDG monitoring framework in its operational form. Given the above, the proposed framework conforms to the SDG specification, but in line with SDG principles has been adapted to fit the Cambodian context and is shaped by data availability. The framework has: Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 33 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 - 18 goals, the 17 global goals and the additional CSDG18 on de-mining and removal of ERW; - 88 targets, based on 84 of the global targets (judged applicable and capable of being populated with indicator data for 8 targets of partnership goal) plus 4 additional targets including 3 in CSDG18; - and 148 indicators, drawing on the global set plus national proxies and alternatives. The consolidated schedules provide a necessary database for the CSDGs; the principal headings from each are provided in Figure 3.3 below. Schedule 1 provides metadata of targets and indicators; schedule 2, a key tool for progress/achievement measurement, provides data of selected targets and indicators included the baselines, milestones and endlines for interventions. Comprehensive information is shown in this schedule 2. Figure 3.3 Headings from Schedules 1 and 2 Schedule 1: Metadata Method of calculation Remarks Target Ref. Indicator Ref. Responsible Source of Cycle of Targets Indicators Definition Denominator Number Number agencies data data Nominator Schedule 2: Indicator data Base line End line Interval milestones Disaggregation Targets Indicators Unit 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Following receipt of the data, MoP compiled the schedules, and then carried out quality checks, raising a number of issues, which are discussed in the following section. Setting these issues aside, the framework is complete, offering adequate indicator coverage of the goals and targets, and is ready to be rolled-out over the coming year while being able to accommodate further improvements over the lifetime of the CSDGs.

3.3.2 Comparisons with the Global Framework A more detailed comparison with the global framework is useful in revealing the level and nature of the nationalization/ localization process. The most striking difference is the adoption of an additional 18th goal – on de-mining and ERW, however, there are also important changes to the targets and indicators. Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 34 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Referring first to the targets, while the target statements have been retained in full, there has been an overall reduction and adoption has varied between goals, according to applicability and the availability of indicator data. Figure 3.4 provides a summary comparison, the level of variation is more marked on some goals than others. The biggest formal differences between CSDGs and CMDGs are: on the partnership goal. Moreover, the number of targets is lower in goal 8 through 12, and goals 14 of the CSDGs. Figure 3.4: CSDG targets and global targets (by goal) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Targets of Global SDG Targets of CSDG. Source: Authors’ calculations  It is at the indicator level, however, where the level of adaption and innovation is low. Ministries and agencies sought to fully nationalize the framework, streamline it to ensure manageability and to plug any evidential gaps. Some of the existing indicators were retained, many could not be included or were not relevant, while others were modified, and proxies and alternatives are specified. Some 148 indicators are adopted, compared to the 232 specified globally. Figure 3.5 below summarises the changes at the aggregate level. Again, while there is a major reduction and there are variations between goals, sufficient indicators have been identified within each CSDG (and within each target). Moreover, as the figure also shows, relative to the global goals, a materially greater number of indicators have been adopted within goals 2 (hunger), 3 (health), 4 (Education), and 5 (Gender); but the number is lower adopted in goals 11 (Sustainable City), 16 (Peace), and 17 (Partnership). Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 35 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Figure 3.5: CSDG Indicators and Global Indicators (by goal) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Global Indicators CSDG Indicators Source:Authors’calculations The CSDG and global frameworks are further summarised and compared in Table 3.2 and Figure 3.6 below. These underline the extent of national tailoring within the Royal Government’s proposals. It is important that caution is exercised in comparing the two frameworks at target level. Specifically, while the total global target count is 169, as the RIA exercise showed only 105 targets were fully applicable and relevant to Cambodia. Given 3 new targets were then added in respect of CSDG 18, on a fully comparable basis, the CSDGs adopted 85 indicators (Around 80%) of the global targets. Figure 3.6: Net changes in the CSDG targets and indicators over the global SDGs (by goal) 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Ͳ5 Ͳ10 Ͳ15 Ͳ20 Ͳ25 Targets Indicators  Source:Authors’calculations  Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 36 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Table 3.2: CSG Framework (versus global SDG Targets and Indicators) Goal GlobalFramework CSDGFramework Netchange No.of No.of No.of No.of No.of No.of   Targets Indicators Targets Indicators Targets Indicators 1 Endpoverty 7 14 3 9 Ͳ4 Ͳ5 2 ZeroHunger 8 13 5 7 Ͳ3 Ͳ6 3 Health&wellͲbeing 13 27 11 21 Ͳ2 Ͳ6 4 Qualityeducation 10 11 7 18 Ͳ3 7 5 Genderequality 9 14 7 12 Ͳ2 Ͳ2 6 Cleanwater 8 11 5 6 Ͳ3 Ͳ5 7 Affordable,cleanenergy 5 6 3 4 Ͳ2 Ͳ2 8 Decentwork&growth 12 17 5 12 Ͳ7 Ͳ5 9 Industry&infrastructure 8 12 5 7 Ͳ3 Ͳ5 10 Reduceinequality 10 10 5 5 Ͳ5 Ͳ5 11 Sustainablecites 10 12 1 4 Ͳ9 Ͳ8 12 Responsibleconsumption 11 11 2 4 Ͳ9 Ͳ7 13 Climatechange 5 5 3 5 Ͳ2 0 14 Lifebelowwater 10 10 5 6 Ͳ5 Ͳ4 15 Lifeonland 12 12 7 9 Ͳ5 Ͳ3 16 Peaceandinstitutions 12 22 3 3 Ͳ9 Ͳ19 17 Partnerships 19 25 8 10 Ͳ11 Ͳ15 18 Demining&ERW 0 0 3 6 3 6 repeatedindicators  12 0 0 Totalwithoutrepeatedindicators  169 232 88 148 Ͳ81 Ͳ84 Source:Authors’calculations;*NoteCSDG17,shownaswith/withouttargets 

3.4 Outstanding Issues Quality checks undertaken by MoP identified two sets of questions which need to be resolved in making the CSDG framework ready for implementation. The first set refers to basic compliance issues with MoP’s compilation requirements; regarding Schedule 1, inclusion of a full set of metadata, and with regard to Schedule 2, the principal tracking data. Noting specifically that, by implication these questions jointly affect the adequacy of indicator coverage across goals and targets. The second set refer to more demanding data quality questions affecting the efficiency of the framework going forward. It is important to also underline that the use, and hence the quality of metrics is increasingly being emphasized by the Royal Government, and particularly, their role in linking public service and public financial management to delivery performance. The CSDG framework and its direct linking to the NSDP, and Budget Strategy Plans (as outlined in Chapter I) are examples of this. The MoP, via the National Institute of Statistics (NIS), is also moving forward with the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS), to ensure better coverage and higher standards in statistical data. Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 37 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 The first and foremost consideration is the basic quality of the targets and indicators - their design and specification of baselines, intervals and end-line data. This can be assessed by the extent to which proposals meet the globally accepted SMART criteria, but also, grounded in Cambodia’s national context. A second key consideration is the adequate disaggregation of indicators and supporting data. This is important both for monitoring and delivering the CSDGs. It is vital that planners, policymakers and other actors are able identify variations in need and performance, so allowing resources to be allocated and managed efficiently. To enable this, certain data and sources must be capable of being broken-down in a delivery relevant manner fitted to Cambodia’s context and in line with the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS). Third, the tracking of indicators through time needs special consideration. As our discussion of Cambodia’s CMDG experience showed, economic, social and environmental data rarely follow linear pathways, and typically time progressions conform to stepped, non-linear or even semi-randomized patterns of change.  Part 1, Chapter III: Consolidated CSDGs Framework 38 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs

4.1 Introduction This chapter addresses the implementation challenges faced by the CSDG framework, which need to be addressed during its roll-out over the next 12 months. Drawing on Chapter I, the discussion focuses how the CSDG framework can be used to shape policymaking and delivery, enabling progress towards the goals, and so also deliver Cambodia’s medium-term strategic development objectives. It reviews existing instruments and institutions, and highlights where changes may be needed. The chapter has three sections: it begins by considering the problems and issues faced in integrating the CSDGs within Cambodia’s policy planning system; second, it addresses resourcing questions and enabling actions; and third it reviews the monitoring and evaluation arrangements, and how wider feedback (outside government) can be secured. 

4.2 Integrating the CSDGs within the National Policy and Planning Structures Integrating the CSDGs within policy and resource planning in Cambodia involves embedding the framework within current policy making and administrative arrangements. Two key challenges are faced: first, the need to ensure consistency and coherence between the CSDGs and plans and actions; and second, the need to prioritize and make policy choices, including between CSDG targets.

4.2.1 Coherence and Consistency At national level, CSDG/ RGC coherence will be delivered via two points of intersection: first, via the NSDP process, for which the Framework and the RS are the principal inputs; and second within line ministry performance review and feedback (specifically adoption of multi-year programme-based budgeting via BSPs). The Framework’s potential in these two linked processes, is shown in Figure 4.1. Figure 4.1: CSDG Framework’s points of intersection with planning and budgeting processes Planning Budgeting Service CSDGs Delivery Policies, Review NSDP programs basedon ,budgets CSDGs Rectangul arStratgey Feedback Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 39 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 First, the national strategic planning process (the first box in Figure 4.1) envisaged that the CSDGs would be matched with the medium-term RS objectives and longstanding NSDP themes, to define the policy approach within the National Plan (we return to this below when discussing prioritization) and these might be extended to the Public Investment Programme (PIP). Additionally, the CSDGs would play a major role in shaping the NSDP’s M&E framework. Second, the CSDGs can play a clear role within the performance review process, where Cambodia’s PFM reforms have established 3-year rolling budgets linked to line ministry Budget Strategy Plans (BSPs), which match budgets to policy criteria. CSDG targets and indicators are well-suited to the task of measuring impact effectiveness, by offering a comprehensive set of outcome-level metrics that have already been agreed by the relevant line ministries and agencies. MoP will seek to formalize and institutionalize these connections and the supporting arrangements. MoP will ensure the 5-yearly NSDP process takes account of a thoroughgoing CSDG progress report, and that key themes also feed through to the Public Investment Programme (PIP). Additionally, the NSDP M&E metrics will be regularly updated to ensure consistency, between the CSDGs and national planning priorities. MoP will also work with MEF and line ministries to apply the framework to performance-based budgeting (within line ministry BSPs) requiring that assessments take explicit account of relevant CSDG targets. This will serve to directly link the CSDGs to service delivery outcomes. However, additional efforts and more significant innovations may be required in ensuring full consistency and coherence between the CSDGs and Government plans and actions. There are 3 dimensions to consider - Temporal consistency – being the translation between the longer term (strategic) level to the medium term (policy) level and to the near term (operational) level. - Sectoral consistency - the application of the goals within and across functions, this is particularly important given the integrated nature of the CSDGs and the trade- offs and complementarities. - And geographical, ensuring national, subnational and local plans are reconciled work together.

4.2.2 Prioritization of goals, targets and actions Prioritization is a second key consideration and given the size and the ambition of the CSDG agenda, some ranking and phasing of targets and potentially goals, will be inevitable and essential (and this includes the selection of ‘CSDG accelerators’). To an extent this requirement is an extension of the localization/ nationalization process, but additional specificity is needed, and the Royal Government via national planning processes and the proposed consultation structure set out above, will seek to identify the key targets and in what order they should be addressed. MoP will develop the priorities as part of the NSDP process, there are three pointers, which might guide this: Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 40 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 - First, the principle of leaving no one behind, and the need to address goals, and areas or population groups, which lag others is a foremost consideration. Incomplete goals and other unfinished business under the CMDGs fall within this, and Cambodia will focus on making good on any areas where progress was not adequate - and a full list of the unmet CMDG targets was provided in Chapter II. Going forward, emerging disparities and inequities will be a key marker in identifying priorities. - Second, the fit between the CSDG targets and existing and new national objectives must form the basis of Cambodia’s general prioritization approach. By implication the use of the CSDG framework and the RS as joint inputs to the NSDP will deliver the operational prioritization.  Table 4.1: Alignment between CSDGs and NSDP Priorities (dark shading - directly complementary, light shading - partially complementary) NSDPMTRPriorities/CSDG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (1)Povertyreduction&       inclusivegrowth       (2)Expandingagriculture  (3)Securinggreater       competitiveness (4)Managingmigration&       urbanization (5)Combatingclimate change       &deforestation (6)Bettergovernance        (7)Improvingthehuman       resourcebase Note: SDG17, the partnership goal, is not applicable - Third, drawing on global experience and guidance, consideration will be given to policy actions which serve as “accelerators” (those that drive progress across the whole CSDG agenda – examples include gender equity policies, child nutrition and interventions around the ‘first 1000 days’, rural infrastructure and comprehensive social protection reforms). Equally, the international literature and country experiences have highlighted the importance of identifying trade-offs and complementarities between targets, and of understanding the causal interconnections within the framework. - An awareness of these issues alongside national aims and objectives, will provide a rigorous basis for prioritization, and MoP will seek to develop its capacity to undertake more sophisticated analysis as Cambodia progresses with implementation of policies and actions to deliver the CSGDs. Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 41 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030

4.3 Resourcing and enabling the goals This second substantive section considers the steps Cambodia needs to take to identify and assemble the resources needed to deliver the CSDGs, alongside a set of enabling actions. At the outset, it is useful to re-iterate that in contrast to the MDGs, the onus to resource new goals, falls primarily on national governments and on domestic sources. In turn, achieving the goals, given their scale, can also be characterized as being the business and responsibility of all actors and not only the government - but including the private sector, civil society and citizens themselves. It is also vital to recognize Cambodia’s specific resourcing constraints versus the level of ambition represented by the CSDGs, alongside the Vision 2030 and 2050 objectives. Delivering these will require major investments and a matching expansion in resource flows. Projections from the Development Finance Assessment (DFA) undertaken by the Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC) in 2017, underline that although Cambodia’s strong economic and fiscal performance is set to continue, including rapid increases in domestic revenue mobilisation, serious financing challenges remain. Referring to Figure 4.2 below, although government revenues (already above 18% of GDP) on the back of strong economic growth, are set to grow further, ODA and NGO flows will decline very steeply as Cambodia progress further as an MIC, and it will almost certainly be well-advanced in the process of graduating from the group of Least Developed Countries in the next decade. Moreover, these flows have a significance as they still account for a significant share of the public investment budget. Going forward, public revenues will have to meet growing pressures on the recurrent budget, driven by increased expectations on public service delivery and rising public sector wages, and meet the previously ODA-supported and expanded, public investment needs. This will require capacity improvements and systems strengthening of the NSDP development process, and MoP will seek to improve the analysis and forecasting of financial and other flows, by institutionalizing the DFA, and developing the analytical capacities of its core staff. MoP will also strengthen the Public Investment Programme (PIP) enabling it to function better as Government’s strategic capital programme. This will also require further efforts to ensure stronger linkages are made between the PIP and the PFM/ BSP reforms being spearheaded by the MoEF to shift to programme (performance-based) budgeting and to integrate recurrent and capital budgeting. Additionally, as the DFA projections also show, although private investment (domestic and foreign) will grow in line with the economy, they are likely to stabilize as a share of GDP. Yet these flows are vital to maintaining the momentum of the economy and ensuring Cambodia’s transition to higher value-added production. Economic growth remains the primary driver of poverty reduction and economic inclusion, and it provides the means of delivering higher tax revenues (in turn essential to enhanced public service delivery). Boosting the level of investment from these sources, while also strengthening their linkages to other sectors of the economy, is a key underlying CSDG objective and is consistent with the policies of the RGC, for example the Industrial Development Policy. The Royal Government will therefore continue to promote an Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 42 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 investment-friendly climate while also continuing to improve the effectiveness of tax collection systems. Figure 4.2: Projected Finance Flows to 2025 (low and upper scenarios)  Domesticrevenue SouthͲSouthCooperation DomesticPrivateinvestment Remittances FDI NGO ODA Climatefinance Source:DFA,RGC(2017) Recognizing the distinct contribution that private sector actors can make, the Government will also provide avenues for business, civil society and citizen-actions to contribute to the CSDGs. This includes motivating and incentivizing behavioural change in production and consumption to “green the economy”; and the Royal Government will consider introducing appropriate tax and other incentives. Additionally, further work to facilitate Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) to directly deliver CSDG objectives, will be undertaken. The MoEF has developed a national PPP policy and will now institute the necessary legislative changes to enable viable PPP modalities, initially for the provision of infrastructure, based on the retained earnings principle (i.e. Build and Operate and Build Operate and Transfer Models)6. Finally, it is recognised that the discussion and proposed policy responses cover only the financing flows and delivery side of the equation. There is also a need also to develop capacities and instruments to analyse and project the likely costs of meeting the CSDGs and hence estimate the financing needs so that these approaches can be incorporated into the national budgeting exercise. The CSDG Framework data provides only a starting position, further detailed analytical work will be needed to assess future trends and demands. However, past experiences with MDG cost estimation have revealed the weakness of detailed cross-sectoral costing exercises over long term periods. These generally provided inaccurate cost scenarios and were of limited value for resource and fiscal planning. Moreover, these challenges are likely to be accentuated by the expansion in the goals and the inclusion of broader developmental objectives. Nevertheless,  6 Per MoEF PPP Policy note Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 43 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 managing and anticipating fiscal pressures remains an important consideration, and new techniques and approaches are being piloted by certain countries, notably by the Bangladeshi, Ethiopian and Pakistani governments. The MoP will explore these models and the options available, including the use of less ambitious fiscal space assessments and sector assessments over more limited timeframes (linked to programme-based budgeting and BSPs).

4.4 M&E and Policy Feedback This final section sets out the key elements of the CSDG monitoring and evaluation (M&E) arrangements, and summarizes any issues to be resolved. Recognizing modern reporting approaches and that the CSDGs reach beyond government, this section also discusses improvements to the M&E ecosystem (the environment in which wider CSDG- relevant data and information is generated and used). It refers therefore to how independent think tanks, the private sector and civil society can be included in tracking Cambodia’s progress, proving useful feedback to decision makers and can support national dialogues on the CSDGs.

4.4.1 Key Elements of the M&E arrangements Overall responsibility for the national M&E process lies with MoP, who are charged with maintaining the CSDG indicator database and acting as lead technical focal point. The former task will include compiling data received and providing annual and five yearly milestone reports for review by the proposed CSDG NCC, and by the Royal Government. MoP’s technical responsibilities will include advising RGC stakeholders on design, estimation and calculation of indicators, data collection, and on reporting procedures and conventions. Responsibility for the specification of indicators and the provision of supporting data rests with the respective line ministries and agencies. Their capacity and data systems will be strengthened through the National Strategy for Development of Statistics (NSDS), which is an important complementary initiative to designing and monitoring the CSDGs. The operational CSDG framework introduced in Chapter III and presented in Schedules 1 and 2 in Part 2 of this report, provides the indicators, sources and data cycles which have been committed to. Responsible actors will be required to provide up to date data to MoP to enable regular reporting, on a timely basis at the end of the reporting year. Line ministries and agencies will also be required to provide a narrative assessment on progress as part of the routine NSDP review process that will fully integrate CSDG monitoring. This will define targets as either: ƒ Ahead of track, being ahead of the milestone value by at least 10%; ƒ On-track, being within plus or minus 10% of the given value; ƒ Off-track, being below the milestone by at least 10%. The narrative should also provide an account of the underlying issues, and if required, proposals to remedy any underperformance. MoP will use a dashboard approach in reporting at target and goal level to allow rapid assessment of progress (grading targets Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 44 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 as either green/ amber/ red based on the indicator data). Any proposals to amend base, milestone or end line values will require review and agreement by MoP as it is important that targets are not varied frequently, and values are established rigorously, and linked to defined CSDG policy objectives. As noted in Chapter III, several data issues need to be resolved in the near term, and these will be followed-up by MoP within the next three months. Additionally, with the support of development partners, MoP in the period of 12 months will undertake a goal by goal review of indicators to ensure their quality (i.e. that they are compliant with the SMART criteria). MoP will also be providing a series of events to build SDG capacities within RGC ministries and agencies.; and is considering sponsoring work to enable the collection of currently unavailable indicators. The latter will prioritize those identified within the UNSD assessment as Feasible, which are considered important omissions to the CSDG dataset. This will align with the master of plan of National Institute of Statistic.

4.4.2 Improving the CSDGs M&E ecosystem Given the wide scope of CSDGs, and that their delivery requires the contribution of all Cambodian stakeholders and their partners, the Royal Government will also seek to build “an ecosystem” supportive of wider feedback; and engage with the private sector, civil society and international organizations. This ecosystem refers to the environment (the people, connections and sources) where data is generated and used by official and non-official actors to support decision making on delivery of the CSDGs. It would for example include contributions based on government-generated data, by independent think tanks to assist RGC decisions makers, and independently- generated information, used to drive private sector decisions, and/ or shape citizens behaviours. To an extent, these practices were already underway under the CMDGs, but they need to be given greater prominence. Therefore, MoP, with development partners support, will move ahead with the following activities: - National campaigns to sensitize stakeholders and the Cambodian public on the CSDGs, along with Communications for Development initiatives to encourage mass CSDG monitoring and compliance under those goals where improved consumer and producer behavior is especially important. This would make use of both traditional and new - social media and on-line platforms. - Specific engagement with businesses and private sector representatives to chart and encourage their contribution to CSDG achievement. - Development of CSDG policy circles and networks on thematic areas with Think Tanks and other CSO actors, potentially based on those sectors identified above within the CSDG NCC arrangements. - Sharing of official data and building of on-line portals to allow, informed users, including citizens, to engage in M&E and research, and engage in national dialogue on the CSDGs.  Part 1, Chapter IV: Challenges to rolling out the CSDGs 45 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Chapter V: Conclusions This report introduces and reviews the Royal Government’s proposed Cambodia Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) Framework. It reports on the national context and performance under forerunner CMDGs conveying insights and lessons learnt; it outlines the development process, set-outs the proposed framework and identifies outstanding issues; and it considers the challenges faced in implementing the framework. This final chapter summarizes the key conclusions and makes a series of policy and operational recommendations for the short, medium and longer term.

5.1 Key Conclusions Foremost, this report presents a working CSDG Framework, comprising 18 goals, 88 targets, and 148 indicators, which is ready to be rolled-out and implemented by the Royal Government. The Framework’s immediate purpose is to inform the development of the forthcoming NSDP (2018-2023). The proposals adapt the global SDGs to the national context, adding one additional goal on de-mining and the removal of explosive remnants of war, and retaining around 75% of the Cambodia relevant targets. Data limitations on the availability of indicators, which suggested that only 30-40% of the global set were easily available, were resolved via the adoption of proxies and nationally-tailored alternatives, so ensuring adequate data coverage of goals and targets. However, the Royal Government also recognizes that there are data gaps to be filled and weaknesses to be addressed in the near term. Moreover going-forward, efforts are needed to refine the quality of indicators and indicator data. The report’s analysis of Cambodia’s socioeconomic performance and forerunner CMDGs outcomes, underlines the many strengths of the national development record, yet also that Cambodia faces many emerging challenges and a dynamically changing development context. It is important that, as Cambodia continues to emerge as a middle-income county, plans and polices maintain the high level of inclusive economic growth, promote wider social development, while also protecting the natural environment. One major challenge is growing vulnerability, both economic and environmental. Equally, Cambodia faces a series of pressures commonly faced by MICs – industrialization/ urbanization, migration, public service weaknesses and so- called missing-middle issues. The SDGs, and the CSDGs, with their wider frame of reference, level of integration and comprehensive coverage, provide both a metric of progress and a guide to meeting these developmental challenges. The CSDG Framework provides a clear rationale for integrating the goals within national planning processes. Connections between the NSDP, sector plans and budgets, and monitoring systems, should now be strengthened and institutionalized, including to use the CSDGs as a catalyst where relevant and as the new opportunities Part 1, Chapter V: Conclusions 46 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 to combine with on-going PFM reforms. This includes the specification of CSDG targets as a measurable outcome within Budget Strategic Plans. The CSDGs will merit stronger forms of oversight than those employed for the CMDGs. These new and improved approaches allow not only for the reporting of progress but also for policy feedback and making effective policy responses. Questions of prioritization must also be addressed, since not all CSDG targets can be completed simultaneously, and in many cases effective delivery requires the phasing of policies and actions. While the absolute priorities of leaving no one behind and completing any unmet CMDG targets rank highest, further consideration will be required in the medium term. The match with existing RGC priorities (given in the NSDP and sector plans) provides a strong anchor but consideration of the linkages between targets and the level of leverage, and hence the identification of accelerators (initiatives which have the highest systemic pay-offs) offers an effective prioritization approach. Allied to this, further efforts are needed to ensure more effective resource planning to deliver the CSDGs, via institutionalization of the Development Finance Assessment (DFA), and linking this to the framing of the PIP and the capital budget.

5.2 Next Steps In the near term (3 to 6 months): Ͳ The full set of Goals, Targets and Indicators (as presented in Part 2 of this report), is endorsed by the Cabinet and made ready for implementation. Ͳ Arrangements for linking the CSDGs to the national planning framework through the NSDP are institutionalized; with the CSDG targets included within the NSDP M&E framework; and 5 yearly CSDG progress reviews being aligned with NSDP cycles. Ͳ Links to budgeting and service planning, are initiated by inclusion of relevant CSDG targets within line ministry and agency Budget Strategy Plans (BSPs). This process is to be developed by MoEF in consultation with MoP. In the medium term (6 to 12 months): Ͳ The MoP undertakes a goal by goal review of the quality of indicators and indicator data, to ensure good fit with the established CSDG targets, that the SMART criteria are met and that full effective coverage of CSDG targets is secured. Ͳ Efforts are made to ensure ongoing coherence and consistency of the CSDGs, between sectors and levels of government, by considering reshaped reporting and feedback arrangements. Ͳ Proposals for the prioritization and phasing of targets are developed. This will be based on: leaving no one behind/ completing unfinished CMDG business, pre- existing RGC priorities, and “accelerator” potentials. Part 1, Chapter V: Conclusions 47 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Ͳ The CSDG M&E process is progressively improved (in alignment with proposals within the NSDS proposals). And in the longer term (12 months onward), it is further recommended: Ͳ Resource planning for achievement of the CSDGs is undertaken systematically, via institutionalization of the Development Finance Assessment (as a CSDG Finance Assessment) undertaken on a regular 3 to 5-year basis, linking to the NSDP, PIP, the budget and BSPs. Ͳ Government-wide efforts are made to engage the private sector, CSOs and public in delivering CSDG outcomes. Ͳ Efforts are made to improve the wider “CSDG data ecosystem”.  Part 1, Chapter V: Conclusions 48 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Appendix 1: Abbreviations & Acronyms   AIDS AcquiredImmune DeficiencySyndrome ASEAN AssociationofSouthͲEastAsianNations CDC CouncilfortheDevelopmentofCambodia CDHS CambodiaDemographicandHealthSurvey CMDGs CambodiaMillenniumDevelopmentGoals CSDGs CambodiaSustainableDevelopmentGoals CSES CambodianSocioͲEconomicSurvey ERW ExplosiveRemnantsofWar FDI ForeignDirectInvestment GDP GrossDomesticProduct Ha Hectare(s) HIV HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus MDGs MillenniumDevelopmentGoals MTR MidͲTermReview NSDS NationalStrategyfortheDevelopmentofStatistics  NGO NonͲGovernmentOrganisation NSDP NationalStrategicDevelopmentPlan PIP PublicInvestmentProgramme RGC RoyalGovernmentofCambodia RS RectangularStrategy SDGs SustainableDevelopmentGoals UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme  Part 1, Appendix 1: Abbreviations & Acronyms 49 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Appendix 2: Websites of RGC Ministries and Agencies     Nº ShortTitle FullTitleofMinistry/Organisation Website(www)     1 CARD CouncilforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment card.gov.kh 2 CRDB/CDC CambodiaRehabilitationandDevelopmentBoard cdcͲcrdb.gov.kh 3 CIB/CDC CambodiaInvestmentBoard cibͲcdc.gov.kh 4 CMAA CambodiaMineActionCentre cmaa.or.kh 5 CNM NationalMalariaCentre cnm.gov.kh 6 CNMC CambodiaNationalMekongCommittee cnmc.gov.kh 7 OCM OfficeofCouncilofMinisters pressocm.gov.kh 8 MAFF MinistryofAgriculture,FisheriesandForestry maff.gov.kh 9 MSC MinistryofCivilService  mcf.gov.kh 10 MCFA MinistryofCultureandFineArt mcfa.gov.kh 11 MEF MinistryofEconomyandFinance mef.gov.kh 12 MIF MinistryofInformation information.gov.kh 13 MIH MinistryofIndustryandHandicraft  mih.gov.kh MinistryofLandManagement,UrbanPlanning& 14 MLMUPC mlmupc.gov.kh Construction 15 MLVT  MinistryofLabourandVocationalTraining novctf.gov.kh 16 MoC MinistryofCommerce moc.gov.kh 17 MME MinistryofMinesandEnergy Mme.gov.kh 18 MoND MinistryofNationalDefence mod.gov.kh 19 MoE MinistryofEnvironment moe.gov.kh 20 MoEYS MinistryofEducation,YouthandSports moeys.gov.kh MoFA & Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International 21 IC Cooperation mfaic.gov.kh 22 MoH MinistryofHealth moh.gov.kh 23 MoI MinistryofInterior moi.gov.kh 24 MoJ MinistryofJustice moj.gov.kh 25 MoP MinistryofPlanning mop.gov.kh Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth 26 MoSVY  Rehabilitation mosvy.gov.kh 27 MoT MinistryofTourism mot.gov.kh 28 MoWA MinistryofWomen’sAffairs mowa.gov.kh 29 MPAI MinistryofParliamentAffairsandInspection monasri.gov.kh 30 MPT MinistryofPostandTelecommunication mptc.gov.kh 31 MPWT MinistryofPublicWorksandTransport mpwt.gov.kh 32 MCR MinistryofCultandReligion mocar.gov.kh 33 MRD MinistryofRuralDevelopment mrd.gov.kh 34 MWRM MinistryofWaterResources&Meteorology mowram.gov.kh 35 NAA NationalAIDSAuthorityofCambodia naa.org.kh 36 NACD NationalAuthorityforCombatingDrugs nacd.gov.kh 37 NBC NationalBankofCambodia nbc.org.kh Part 1, Appendix 2: Websites of RGC Ministries and Agencies 50 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 National Council for Decentralisation and DeͲ 38 NCDD ncdd.gov.kh   concentration 39 NCDM NationalCommitteeforDisasterManagement ncdm.gov.kh 40 NIS NationalInstituteofStatistics(MoP) nis.gov.kh 41 PPCH PhnomPenhCapitalHall www.phnompenh.gov.kh 42 SSCA StateSecretariatofCivilAviation civilaviation.gov.kh 43 SNEC SupremeNationalEconomicCouncil snec.gov.kh   Part 1, Appendix 2: Websites of RGC Ministries and Agencies 51 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030

Appendix 3: CMDGs and CMDG outturn data 2015 2015 Data No Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 Actual Target source Goal1:Eradicateextremepovertyandhunger Reducetheproportionofpeople 39.5 13.5 1.1 % Ͳ 21.1 ч19.5 CSES livinginpoverty (1993) (2014) Reducetheproportionofpeople 20 0 1.2 % Ͳ 4.1 ч10 CSES livinginhunger (1993) (2014) Raisetheshareinconsumptionof 7.4 8.6 1.3 % Ͳ 8.34 ш11 CSES thepoorest20%ofthepopulation (1993) (2014) Reduceprevalenceofunderweight 23 1.4 % 45.2 28 28 ч19 CSES children(<5years) (2014) Reduceprevalenceofstunted 32 1.5 % 44.6 43 40 ч25 CDHS children (2014) Reduceprevalenceofwasted 10 1.6 % 15 8 11 ч9 CDHS children (2014) Reduceprevalenceofanaemia 56 1.7 %  62 55 42 CDHS amongchildrenaged6Ͳ59months (2014) Reduceprevalenceofanaemia 45 1.8 %  47 44 42 CDHS amongwomenaged15Ͳ49 (2014) Increasetheproportionof  1.9 % 14 73 83 90 CDHS householdsusingiodizedsalt Reduceprevalenceofworking 19.3 16.5 1.10 children(5Ͳ17years)ofthetotal % Ͳ 16.8 (2014) ч8 CSES (1999) childreninthisageͲgroup. Goal2:Achieveuniversalliteracyandbasiceducation Achieveuniversalliteracyinthe 93 MoEYS 2.1 % Ͳ 80.4 89.1 94.5 populationaged15Ͳ25years (2013) Achieveanetenrolmentrateat    2.2     primaryschoollevel  Total % 88.9 91.9 94.8 97.9* 99 MoEYS  Female % 86.8 90.7 94.6 98.4*   Achievegrossenrolmentrateat  2.3       lowerͲsecondaryschoollevel  Total % 36.5 45.8 58.1 55.1* 74 MoEYS  Female % 29.5 40.3 57.1 56.2*   2.4 Achieveprimarycompletionrate         Total % Ͳ 46.8 83.2 84.1 100 MoEYS  Female % Ͳ 45.7 83.6 86.6   AchievelowerͲsecondaryschool  2.5       completionrate  Total % Ͳ 19.7 48.7 40.3 57 MoEYS  Female % Ͳ 18.5 47.2 41.8   Achievegenderparityineducation MoEYS 2.6 Index 0.95 0.97 1 1 Ͳ attheprimaryschoollevel Achievegenderparityineducation MoEYS 2.7 Index 0.68 0.79 0.97 1.1 Ͳ atthelowersecondarylevels Part 1, Appendix 3: CMDGs and CMDG outturn data 52 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 CMDG3:PromoteGenderEquityandEmpowerWomen Femaletomaleratioinupper % 48 3.1 60 82 100 100 MoEYS secondary (2001) Femaletomaleratiointertiary % 38 3.2 45.6 86.7 85 85 MoEYS education (2001) Theratioofliteratefemalesto % 87 3.3 90 98.3 100 100 MoEYS males15Ͳ24yearsold (1998) Theratioofliteratefemalesto % 78 3.4 80 99 100 100 MoEYS males25Ͳ44yearsold (1998) Proportionofwomeninwage 35 45.7 3.5 % 52.5 53 50 CSES employmentinagriculturalsector (1998) (2013) Proportionofwomeninwage 44 CSES 3.6 % 53.5 73.7 45.4 50 employmentinindustrialsector (1998) Proportionofwomeninwage 21 32 CSES 3.7 % 27 27.4 50 employmentinservicesector (1998) (2013) Proportionofseatsheldbywomen 12.3 19.5 21 20.32 MoWA 3.8 % 30 intheNationalAssembly (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) MoI Proportionofseatsheldbywomen 14.75 14.75 14.75 14.75 MoWA 3.9 % 30 intheSenate. (1999) (2006) (2012) (2012) MoI 7.4 7.1 7.1 10.7 MoWA 3.10 Proportionoffemaleministers % 15 (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) MoI Proportionoffemalesecretariesof 6 6.6 8 20.54 MoWA 3.11 % 18 state (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) MoI Proportionoffemaleunder 4 7.5 15.1 17.6 MoWA 3.12 % 20 secretariesofstate (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) MoI Proportionoffemaleprovincial MoWA 3.13 % 0 0 0 0 10 governors. MoI Proportionoffemaledeputy 1 20 17 MoWA 3.14 % 0 15 provincialgovernors (2003) (2011) (2014) MoI Proportionofseatsheldbywomen 9.4 15.1 17.8 MoWA 3.15 % Ͳ 25 incommunecouncils (2002) (2007) (2012) MoI NumberofGBVprotectionorders Not 3.16 No. issued Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ avail. CMDG4:ReduceChildMortality per Reducinginfantmortalityrate(IMR) 1,000 95 28 4.1 66 45 50 CDHS to50by2015 live (1998) (2014) births per Reducing‘under5Ͳyear’child 1,000 124 35 4.2 83 54 65 CDHS mortalityrate(U5MR) live (1998) (2014) births Morethan90%childrenare 4.3 % 71 79 92 98 >90 CDHS vaccinated Upto70%infantsч6monthsare 4.4 % 11.4 Ͳ 74 93 70 CDHS exclusivelybreastͲfed CMDG5:Improvematernalhealth per 100,000 437 170 5.1 Maternalmortalityratio  472 206 250 CDHS live (1997) (2014) births Proportionofbirthsattendedby 22.1 85 5.2 % 40.57 69.6 87 MoH skilledhealthpersonnel  (2002) (2014) 5.3 Totalfertilityrate % 4 3.4 3 2.7 3 CDHS Part 1, Appendix 3: CMDGs and CMDG outturn data 53 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Proportionofmarriedwomenusing 24.82 35 5.4 % 19 21 60 CDHS moderncontraceptivemethods (2008) (2014) Proportionofpregnantwomenwith 90.5 5.5 % 25.4 52.2 72 90 CDHS ш2ANCwithskilledhealthpersonnel (2014) Proportionofpregnantwomen 5.37 5.6 % 1.12 1.18 2.56 4 CDHS deliveringbyCaesareanSection (2014) CMDG6:CombatHIV/AIDS,Malariaandotherdiseases HIVprevalenceamonggeneral 0.6 6.1 % 1.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 MoH population (2014) per 668 100,000 (2014) 6.2 PrevalenceofallformsofTB 1,620 1,230 875 653 MoH live births per 100,000 0.07 6.3 Malariamortalityrate  5.3 1.4 0.98 0.8 MoH live (2014 births CMDG7:Ensureenvironmentalsustainability 7.1 Surfaceof23protectedareas 000Ha 3,263 3,111 3,101 3,098 Ͳ MoE 7.2 ProtectedAreaCommunities No 4 59 98 129 Ͳ MoE Numberofrangersinprotected 7.3 No 325 700 480 960 Ͳ MoE areas Increasetheproportionofpeople  7.4      whohaveaccesstopotablewater  24 41.6 50 a) Ruralareas % 43.46 50 CSES (1998) (2008) (2014) 60 81 b) Urbanareas % Ͳ 80.5 80 CSES (1998) (2014) Increasetheproportionofpeople 7.5        whohaveaccesstosanitation 8.6 16.8 46.2 a) Ruralareas % 29.2 46 CSES (1998) (2004) (2014) 49 89 b) Urbanareas % Ͳ 86.6 74 CSES (1998) (2014) Reducedependenceonfirewoodfor 92 74.8 7.6 % Ͳ 79.5 52 CSES cooking (1993) (2014) Increasetheproportionofpeople 7.7 % 10 15 24 58 57 MLMUC withsecurelandtenure 49.87 % 63.74 59.09 57.07 Ͳ MAFF (2014) 7.8 ForestCover 9,056 MAFF 000Ha 11,540 10,730 10,363 Ͳ (2014) No 264 402 441 497 Ͳ MAFF 7.9 ForestCommunities Ha 179,021 380,589 391,831 514,834 Ͳ MAFF No Ͳ Ͳ 233 401 Ͳ MAFF Officiallyregisteredforest 7.10 communities Ha Ͳ Ͳ 230,370 338,317 Ͳ MAFF Reducingfishinglotstothelocal MAFF 7.11 % Ͳ 56.36 56.74 89.77 Ͳ fishingcommunities Fishcatch(inland,marineand 000 MAFF 7.12 136 354.89 550 647 Ͳ aquaculture) tons 7.13 Fishingcommunities No Ͳ 440 469 516 Ͳ MAFF Part 1, Appendix 3: CMDGs and CMDG outturn data 54 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 CMDG9:Demine,RemoveExplosiveRemnantsofWar(ERW)andVictimAssistance 9.1 NumberofcasualtiescausedbylandminesandERW(killedandinjured)  Target No 575 357 220 130 Ͳ CMAA Achievement No 858 875 286 79 Ͳ CMAA 9.2 LandmineandERWcontaminatedlandcleared/released  Target Ha 1,562 4,466 5,374 5,909 Ͳ CMAA Achievement Ha 3,208 4,065 11,950 16,104 Ͳ CMAA   Part 1, Appendix 3: CMDGs and CMDG outturn data 55 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Table of Contents Schedule 1: Meta Data …………………………………………………………………...…..… 1 Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere ……………………..………………...………… 2 Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture ………………….…………………………………………………..………… 2 Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ……………………..…… 4 Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all …….……………………………………………………………….… 6 Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls ……………………………..… 8 Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all ……… 10 Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all 11 Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all ……………………….......................................…… 12 Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation ………………………..………………………………………………… 14 Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries ……………………………………..…… 15 Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable …………… 16 Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns …………………………...… 16 Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts ……………………..…… 17 Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development …………………………………..………...………………………………... 18 Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss …………...………….…………………………………………..….....… 19 Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels …. 20 Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development ………………………………………………………….…..… 20 Goal 18:End the negative impact of Mine/ERW and promote victim assistance ……………….… 22 Schedule 2: Targte & Indicator Core Data ……………………………………..… 23 Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere ……………………..………………………...… 23 Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture ………………….………………………………………………………..…… 24 Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ……………………..…… 26 Part II, Table of Contents i Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all …….……………………………………………………….………… 28 Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls ……………………………..… 30 Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all …………………………………………………………………………………………..… 32 Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all ………….. 33 Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all ………………………...…………………………… 33 Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation ………………………..………………………………………………… 35 Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries ……………………………………...…… 36 Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 37 Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns …………………………...… 38 Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts ………………………..… 38 Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development …………………………………..………...……………………………..…. 39 Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss …………...………….….…………………………………………......… 40 Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels …………..…………………………...………………………………………………….… 42 Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development ………………………………………………………….…..… 42 Goal 18:End the negative impact of Mine/ERW and promote victim assistance ……………….… 45 Part II, Table of Contents ii 

Schedule 1: Meta Data Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Indicators of Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals by Goals and targets  Responsibl Cycle of Method calculate Targets Indicators Source of data Definition Remarks e agencies data Nominators Denominator Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by 1.2.1 Proportion of LMs-LAs NIS Every 2 Number of Cambodian Number of Cambodian Total number of half the proportion of men, Cambodian population years population living below the population living below the Cambodian population women and children of all ages living below the national national poverty line among national poverty line disaggregate by sex, living in poverty in all its poverty line, by sex and the total Cambodian disaggregate by sex, age, age, and geography in dimensions according to age population disaggregate by and geography in the year the year national definitions sex, age, and geography. 1.2.1.1 Proportion of LMs-LAs NIS Every 2 Number of Cambodian Number of Cambodian Total Cambodian population living below the years population living below the population living below the Populationin in the year national poverty line. national poverty line among national poverty line in the the total Cambodian year. population. 1.2.1.2 Phnom Penh Area LMs-LAs NIS Annually Number of Phnom Penh Number of Phnom Penh Total Phnom Penh living under national population living below the population living below the Population in reporting poverty line national poverty line among national poverty line. year the total Phnom Penh population. 1.2.1.3 Urban Penh Area LMs-LAs NIS Every 2 Number of Urban Number of Urban Total Urban Cambodian living under national years Cambodian population living Cambodian population Population in reporting poverty line below the national poverty living below the national year line among the total Urban poverty line. Cambodian population. 1.2.1.4 Rural Area living LMs-LAs NIS Annually Number of Rural Number of Rural Total Rural Cambodian under poverty line Cambodian population living Cambodian population Population in reporting below the national poverty living below the national year line among the total Rural poverty line. Urban Cambodian population. 1.2.1.5 Proportion of MOP NIS Every 2 Number of Cambodian Number of Cambodian Total Cambodian Cambodian children living years Children (age 0-17.) living Children (age 0-17) living Children (age 0-17) In below the national poverty below the national poverty below the national poverty reporting year line. line among the total line. Cambodian Children (age 0- 17) 1.2.2 Proportion of men, LMs-LAs NIS Every 5 Proportion of children under Number of children age of Total children age of 0 women, and children of all years the age 0-17 who are 0 to 17 who are deprived to 17 years old in ages living in poverty in all deprived from achieving their in at least 3 dimensions reporting year its dimensions according to basic needs in the out of 5 in reporting year national definition. dimensions directly impacting their wellbeing including health and nutrition, water and sanitation, education and information, protection, and housing. Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 1 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 1.3 Implement nationally 1.3.1 Proportion of the Annually Proportion of Cambodia A number of the poor and Total the poor and MOSVY appropriate social protection poor and the vulnerable MOSVY’s Adim. people below national vulnerable reveived social vulnerable in reporting systems and measures for all, received social emergency Information poverty line and people who relief in reporting year year including floors, and by 2030 relief services. System cannot cope with shocks achieve substantial coverage of and/or have a high level of the poor and the vulnerable exposure to shocks (of MoSVY these, people living under or Ministry of near the poverty line tend to Planning be most vulnerable) who received emergency relief among total of the poor and the vulnerable 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men 1.4.1 Percentage of total MAFF Admin. data The number of members of The number of members Total membership of MAFF and women, in particular the members of registered MAFF registered community of registered community community fisheries and poor and the vulnerable, have community fisheries and Annually fisheries and forestry with fisheries and forestry (men forestry (men and equal rights to economic forestry with tenure rights tenure rights to fisheries and and women)with tenure women) by reporting resources, as well as access to to fisheries and forestry forestry resources rights to fisheries and year basic services, ownership and resources management management through forestry resources control over land and other through effective effective community management through forms of property, inheritance, community registration registration and effective community natural resources, appropriate and development development as a registration and new technology and financial percentage of the total development by reporting services, including microfinance membership of community year fisheries and forestry Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of 2.2.1 Prevalence of Data Data collection: Every 5 Stunting is low height for numerator = number of denominator = number CARD malnutrition, including achieving, stunting (height for age <-2 interpretation, MoH/MOP years age; the indicator measures children whose height for of living children by 2025, the internationally standard deviation from the tracking, children age 5 years and age z-score is two or more between ages 0 and 59 agreed targets on stunting and median of the World Health reporting: under whose height for age standard deviations (SD) months before the wasting in children under 5 Organization (WHO) Child is two or more standard below the median height survey years of age, and address the Growth Standards) among CARD, deviations below the for age of a reference nutritional needs of adolescent children under 5 years of median height for age of a population girls, pregnant and lactating age Participated reference population. women and older persons partners 2.2.2 Prevalence of Data Data collection: Every 5 The weight-for-height index Number of children whose Number of living CARD malnutrition (weight for interpretation, MoH CDHS years measures body mass in weight for height z-score is children between ages height >+2 or <-2 standard tracking, relation to body length and two or more standard 0 and 59 months deviation from the median reporting: describes current nutritional deviations (SD) below the before the survey and CARD, MoH, status. median weight for height who were part of the of the WHO Child Growth MRD, of a reference population survey sample Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by partners type (wasting and Children whose Z-scores are overweight) USAID, WFP, below minus two standard UNICEF, deviations (-2 SD) from the WHO, SUN- mean of the reference CSA-CAM population are considered thin (wasted) for their height and are acutely malnourished. Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 2 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 2.3 By 2030, double the 2.3.1 Value of agricultural MAFF Admin. Data Annually Total value of agricultural Total number of units of MAFF agricultural productivity and production per unit of labor Value of production per production (farming, labor engaged in incomes of small-scale food engaged in agriculture persion of labor engaged in livestock production and agriculture (farming, producers, in particular women, (farming, animal husbandry agriculture per year fisheries) in reporting year livestock production and indigenous peoples, family and fisheries). fisheries) in reporting farmers, pastoralists and fishers, year including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable 2.4.1 Agricultural Land MAFF Administrative Annually Value of agricultural Tptal Value of agricultural Total agricultural MAFF food production systems and Productivity Data production per hectare per production ($) in the production area (ha) in implement resilient agricultural year reporting year the reporting year practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality 2.5 By 2020, maintain the 2.5.1 Number of plant MAFF MOE/GDANCP Every 3 Number of plant genetic resources for food and MAFF genetic diversity of seeds, genetic resources for food MOE years Number of plant genetic agriculture developed and reserved by the reporting cultivated plants and farmed and agriculture secured in resources for food and year and domesticated animals and policy, strategy and either agriculture their related wild species, medium or long-term including through soundly conservation facilities managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, 2.5.2 Percentage of MOE MOE/General Annually The number of households The number households in the community in MOE households in community Department of in community in protected protected areas have improved their standard of regional and international in protected area improving Local areas have improved living. levels, and promote access to their livelihood through Communities livelihoods based on timber and fair and equitable sharing receiving the benefits from forest products, fisheries, of benefits arising from the NTFPs, integrated mixed farming, and the utilization of genetic resources WWF agriculture, eco-tourism provision of natural tourism and associated traditional within the protect areas services to the conservation knowledge, as internationally WCS and conservation of forest agreed resources, biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability 2.a Increase investment, 2.a.1 Total Official flows CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Total ODA disbursement for Total ODA disbursement Total Gross Domestic CRDB/CDC including through enhanced (official development Database Agricultural sector among for Agricultural sector in Product (GDP) in the  international cooperation, in assistance + other official the Gross Domestic Product the year year rural infrastructure, agricultural flows) to agriculture sector (GDP) by year research and extension (as % of GDP) services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in Cambodia Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 3 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages 3.1 An overall level of 3.1.1 Live expectancy at MOH MOP (Census, Every 5 The mean length of life (in MOH Development of Cambodia: birth (number of years) CIPS, CDHS) years year) of population in a Health and Well-being of country as assumed to be Cambodian peoplesand exposed, from birth through Financial risk protection death 3.1.2 Total Fertility Rate MOH MOP (Census, Every 5 The average number of Total number of life births Total number of women MOH (expressed per woman) CIPS, CDHS) years children that would be born by reporting year in fertility ages (15-49 alive to a woman during her years old) by the fertility ages. reporting year 3.2 By 2030, reduce the global 3.2.1 Maternal mortality MOH MOP (Census, Every 5 It refers to the annual number of female aged Total live births women MOH maternal mortality ratio to less ratio CIPS, CDHS) years number of female deaths 15-49 years old deaths in in reported year than 70 per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or the reported year from any aggravated by pregnancy or cause related to or its management (excluding aggravated by pregnancy accidental and incidental or its management causes) during pregnancy (excluding accidental and and childbirth or within 42 incidental causes) during days of termination of pregnancy and childbirth pregnancy, irrespective of or within 42 days of the duration and site of the termination of pregnancy, pregnancy, among 100,000 irrespective of the duration live birth for a specified year and site of the pregnancy 3.2.2 Proportion of births MOH MOH/HIS; MOP Annually It refers to the proportion of Number of deliveries Expected pregnancies MOH delivery by skilled health (Census, CIPS deliveries that were attended attended by trained health personnel CDHS) by trained health personnel personnel in the reporting including physicians, year medical assistants, midwives and nurses but excluding traditional birth attendants (at health facilities and home) 3.3 By 2030, end preventable 3.3.1 Under-five mortality MOH MOP (CDHS; Every 5 It refers to measures the Number of under-5 Total number of live MOH deaths of newborns and children rate Census, CIPS) years probability of child born in a children deaths in the births under 5 years of age, with all specific year or period dying reporting year countries aiming to reduce before reaching the age of neonatal mortality to at least as five expressed per 1,000 live low as 12 per 1,000 live births birth and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live 3.3.2 Neonatal mortality MOH MOP (CDHS, It refers to the number of Number of neonatal Total number of live MOH births rate CIPS) Every 5 death during the first 28 deathsin the year births in the year years completed days of life per 1000 live births in a given year or other period 3.4 By 2030, end the epidemics 3.4.1 % of new HIV NAA, MOH SPECTRUM Every 3 The number of HIV new number of HIV new The number for the HIV NAA of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria infection per 1000 years infected population divided infected population in the negative population in and neglected tropical diseases uninfected population. by the HIV negative past 12 months the past 1 year and combat hepatitis, water- population in the past 1 year borne diseases and other communicable diseases 3.4.2 Tuberculosis (New MOH MOH/CENAT Every 5 It refers to TB cases all Total number of new TB Number of population NAA infections/cases) incidence years forms detected and notified cases all forms notifiedin in the year to National Tuberculosis the reported year Program (NTP)in specific year among the 100,000 population in the year. Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 4 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 3.4.3 Malaria incidence MOH MOH Annually It refers to the number of Number of malaria Total population in the MOH (New infections/cases) new cases of malaria (Suspect and Confirmed) reporting year presenting at public health cases treated in the facilities among the 1000 reporting year population in specific year 3.5 By 2030, reduce by one third 3.5.1 Mortality rate MOH Estimated by Every 5 Mortality between 30-70 Number of deaths Number partients MOH premature mortality from non- attributed to cardiovascular WHO Years years of age from between ages 30 and 70 caused by communicable diseases through disease, cancer, diabetes cardiovascular, cancers, years in the year due to cardiovascular, cancers, prevention and treatment and or chronic diabetes, or chronic cardiovascular, cancers, diabetes, or chronic promote mental health and well- respiratory disease among respiratory diseasesamong diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases in being peoples aged 30-70 the partients caused by the respiratory diseases in the the year diseases year 3.5.2 percentage of adult MOH MOH Annually number of adult population Total number of new Total number population MOH population with depression with depression received cases of adult population in the year received treatment treatment among the total with depression received population intervention at health facilities in the year 3.6 Strengthen the prevention 3.6.1 Percentage of people MOH MOH Annually It refers to the number of Total number of opiate Total number of opiate MOH and treatment of substance with drug used received opiate addicted cases addicted cases enrolled addicted cases enrolled abuse, including narcotic drug treatment enrolled at Methadone at MMT services at MMT services abuse and harmful use of Maintenance Treatment alcohol (MMT) services 3.6.2 Prevalence of alcohol MOH MOH Every 5 The proportion of persons in Number of adult with over Total adult aged 18+ MOH use among adult age from years the population 18+ years standard drink in the respondent in the (Assessment) 18+ who have alcohol use reporting year reporting year disorders among all population above 18 year olds 3.7 By 2020, halve the number 3.7.1 Death rate due to MOI MOI Annually Number of the death Number of death Total Cambodian MOI of global deaths and injuries road traffic accident (GDI and GCNP) registration issued the cause population due to road Population from road traffic accidents of death is “Road traffic accident in the reporting injuries”among the total year Cambodian population 3.8 By 2030, ensure universal 3.8.1 Proportion of women MOH MOH/NMCHC Every 5 Proportion of women of Number of women with Total number of women MOH access to sexual and of reproductive age (aged (DHS, national years reproductive age (aged 15- family planning demand (aged 15- 49 years) in reproductive health-care 15- 49 years) who have reproductive 49 years) who have their who use modern methods need of family planning services, including for family their need for family health surveys) need for family planning in reporting year planning, information and planning satisfied with satisfied with modern education, and the integration of modern method method to total number of reproductive health into national women in need of family strategies and programmes planning  3.8.2 Teenage pregnancy MOH MOH Annually Number of women aged Number of women aged Total number of MOH 15 -19 years (DHS, national 15–19 years who are 15–19 years who are woman age 15-19 reproductive mothers or are pregnant mothers orare health surveys) with their first child. pregnantwiththeir first child. 3.9 Achieve universal health 3.9.1 % of the population MOH MOH Annually Number of poor protected Number of people living Total population living MOH coverage, including financial risk covered by social health by health equity funds under the poverty line who under the poverty line in protection, access to quality protection systems (Health among the population living are covered by HEFs in reporting year essential health-care services Equity Funds and Social under the poverty line in reporting year and access to safe, effective, Health Insurance schemes) specifica period quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 5 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030  3.9.2. Government Current MOH MEF MOH, MOP, MEF Annually The government Government expenditures GDP in the reporting MOH expenditure on health as % expenditures for health for health in the reporting year of GDP expressed as a proportion year of Gross Domestic Product 3.a Strengthen the 3.a.1 Age-standardized MOH MOP/CDHS, Every 5 It refers to the proportion of Number of adults 15 years Total number of adults MOH implementation of the World prevalence of current MOH Years adults 15 years and over and above who are 15 years and above in Health Organization Framework tobacco use among who are smokers in specific smokers in the reporting the reporting year Convention on Tobacco Control persons aged 15 years and time year in all countries, as appropriate older 3.a.2 Prevalence of MOH MOP/CDHS Every 5 It refers to the proportion in Number of the population Total number of MOH tobacco use among youth MOH Years 13-15 age group who are age 13-15 years old who population age 13-15 aged 13-15 smokers. are smokers years old . 3.c Substantially increase health 3.c.1 Ratio of physician/ MOH MOH Annually Number of health workers Number of health workers Total population MOH financing and the recruitment, nurse/midwife per 1,000 per 1,000 population development, training and population retention of the health workforce in Cambodia Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls 4.1.1 Proportion of children and boys complete free, and young people: equitable and quality primary (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the and secondary education end of primary; and leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics 4.1.1.1 Completion rate at MoEYS MOEYS/EMIS Annually The number of new The number of new The total number of MoEYS Primary student (excluded student (excluded population age 11 repeatetion student) in repeatetion student) in years old in reporting grade 6 among the total grade 6 in reporting year year number of population age 11 years old 4.1.1.2 Completion rate at MoEYS MOEYS/ Annually The number of new The number of new The total number of MoEYS Lower Secondary EMIS student (excluded student (excluded population in aging repeatetion student) in repeatetion student) in rang 14 years old in grade 9 among the total grade 9 in reporting year reporting year number of population age 14 years old 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls 4.2.1 Proportion of grade 1 MoEYS MOEYS/ Annually The grade 1 student passed The number of new The number of new MoEYS and boys have access to quality student passed through all EMIS through all ECE programs entrance to grade 1 entrance to grade 1 early childhood development, ECE programs (Sex compare to the total new passed through all ECE (Sex Aggregated) care and pre-primary education aggregated) entrance of grade (Sex programs so that they are ready for Aggregated) (Sex Aggregated) primary education 4.2.2 Percentage MoEYS MOEYS/ Annually The number of children The number of children The total number of MoEYS ofchildren attended all EMIS attended all aspects of ECE attended all aspects of population age 0-5 in aspects of ECE program among the age 0-5 ECE program reporting year population Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 6 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 4.3 By 2030, ensure equal 4.3.1 Gross enrolment ratio MoEYS HED/MoEYS Annually The number of student in The number of student in The total number of MoEYS access for all women and men for tertiary education (18-21 MCFA tertiary education among the tertiary education in youth/people age 18- to affordable and quality years old) by sex total number of youth age reporting year 21 years old in technical, vocational and tertiary 18-21 years old reporting year education, including university 4.3.2 The number of MoEYS SE/TE/Youth/NF Annually The number of student Number of student Number of population MoEYS student enrolment in E enrolment in technical- enrolment in technical- under age groups of technical-vocational vocational education vocational education 15-24 years old in education programmes (15- programmes (15- 24 years programmes in the reporting year to 24 years old) by sex old) reporting year 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender 4.5.1 The Gender Parity MoEYS EMIS; CDHS Annually The proportion of GER at GER at lower secondary GER at lower secondary MoEYS disparities in education and Index (GPI) of Gross lower secondary education education of girls in the education of boys in the ensure equal access to all levels Enrolment Rate (GER) at of girls to the GER at lower educational year educational year of education and vocational lower secondary secondary education of boys training for the vulnerable, education including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples 4.5.2 The Gender Parity MoEYS EMIS; CSES Annually The proportion of GER at GER at upper secondary GER at upper MoEYS and children in vulnerable Index (GPI) of Gross upper secondary education education of girls in the secondary education of situations Enrolment Rate (GER) at of girls to the GER at upper educational year boys in the educational upper secondary secondary education of boys year education 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all 4.6.1 Adult literacy rate MoEYS MOP/NIS (CDHS) Annually The percentage of adult Number of adult literacy Total adult age 15 and MoEYS youth and a substantial (15+ years) literacy (aged 15 and over) (aged 15 and over) in the over in the year proportion of adults, both men among the adult age 15 and year and women, achieve literacy over and numeracy MoEYS, MOEYS/EMIS Annually Number of pre-, Primary, Total number of pre-, MoEYS, and 4.a Build and upgrade education 4.a.1 Proportion of pre, MRD and Secondary schools with Total number of pre, Primary, and Secondary MRD facilities that are child, disability Primary, and Secondary functional basic drinking Primary, and Secondary schools and gender sensitive and school with basic drinking water source or near the schools with basic drinking provide safe, non-violent, water facilities premises and water points water source during school inclusive and effective learning accessible to all users hours environments for all among the total number of primary schools  MOEYS/EMIS Annually MoEYS and 4.a.2 Proportion of Pre, MoEYS, MRD Proportion of Pre-, Primary Total number of primary Total number of MRD primary schools, and schools, and Secondary schools with basic primary and secondary Secondary Schools with Schools with functional, sanitation facilities ( and schools in the year. basic sanitation facilities single sex, basic sanitation has water available for facilities on or near the male & female student) or premises among the total near the premises in the Primary School. reporting year  4.a.3 Percentage of MoEYS MOEYS/EMIS Annually The number of schools The number of schools The total number of MoEYS, and schools with adapted with adapted infrastructure with adapted school at all education .MRD infrastructure and and materials for students infrastructure and levels materials for students with disabilities among the materials for students with disabilities total number of school with disabilities Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 7 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 4.c By 2030, substantially 4.c.1 Proportion of MoEYS Annually Number of teachers by level The number of teacher at The total number of MoEYS increase the supply of qualified teachers in pre-primary, TTD,NIE,PerD, of education taught (pre- early childhood education, teacher at early teachers, including through primary, lower secondary EMIS primary, primary, lower primary education, lower childhood education, international cooperation for and upper secondary secondary, and upper secondary education and primary education, teacher training in Cambodia education who have secondary) who have upper education received lower secondary received pre-service or in- received the organized pre-service orin-service education and upper service training. pedagogical teacher training teacher training by the education in the pre-service and in-service reporting year reporting year among all teachers at each levels (pre-primary, primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary) 4.c.2 Percentage of pre MoEYS PerD, EMIS, Annually Number of pre school Number of pre school Total number of pre MoEYS school teachers qualified TTD, NIE, TPAP teachers qualified teachers qualified school teacher according to national compared to total teacher standards  4.c.3 Percentage of MoEYS PerD, EMIS, Annually Number of primary Number of primary Total number of MoEYS primary teachers qualified TTD, NIE, TPAP teachers qualified among teachers qualified primary teacher according to national the total primary teacher standards  4.c.4 Percentage of MoEYS PerD, EMIS, Annually Number of secondary Number of secondary Total number of MoEYS secondary teachers TTD, NIE, TPAP teachers qualified teachers qualified secondary teacher qualified according to compared to total national standards secondaryteacher  4.c.5 Percentage of MoEYS TTD, PerD, Annually Number of teachers who Number of teachers who The total numbre of MoEYS teachers who received in- TPAP, NIE are received in service are received in service teachers at all service training training among the total training education levels teacher Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls 5.1 End all forms of 5.1.1 Laws, policies, Member of Admin. data of Every 5 Laws, polices, national Laws, polices, national plans and legal framework MOWA discrimination against all women national lans, and legal CNCW, MOWA/CNCW Years plans and legal framework exist to promote gender equality and non- and girls everywhere framworks are in place to MOWA exist to promote gender discrimination against women and girls in Cambodia promote, enforce and equality and non- by the reporting year monitor equality and discrimination against non-discrimination on the women and girls by the basis of sex reporting year 5.2 Eliminate all forms of 5.2.1 Proportion of ever- MOWA/TWG MOP/ (CDHS) Every 5 women and girls aged 15 women and girls aged 15 the number of women MOWA violence against all women and partnered women and girls G-GBV year years and older subjected to years and older subjected and girls (aged 15 girls in the public and private aged 15 years and older physical sexual violence by to physical sexual years and above) spheres, including trafficking subjected to physical, a current or former intimate violence by a current or and sexual and other types of sexual or psychological partner in the previous 12 former intimate partner in exploitation violence by a current or months among the number the previous 12 months, former intimate partner in of women and girls (aged 15 the previous 12 months, years and above) by form of violence and by age  5.2.2 Proportion of MOWA CDHS Every 5 Number of women and girls Number of women and MOWA women and girls aged 15 MOP/NIS year (aged 15 years and above) girls (aged 15 years and Number of women and years and older subjected who experiences sexual above) who experience girls (aged 15 years to sexual violence by violences by a person other sexual violence by a and above) than intimate partners (or by person other than intimate persons other than an non-partner) in the previous partners (or non-partner) intimate partner in the 12 months among women in the previous 12 months previous 12 months and and girls (aged 15 years and by age. above) Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 8 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 5.3 Eliminate all harmful 5.3.1 Proportion of women MOWA, MOP MOP, CDHS Every 5 The prpotion of women age Numbers of women age the total number of MOWA practices, such as child, early aged 20-24 years who Years 20-24 years old who were 20-24 years old who were women aged 20Ǧ24 and forced marriage and female were married or in a union first married or inunionbefore first married or inunion years olds in the genital mutilation before age 18 olds or by age 18 among the before or by age 18 reporting year total number of women aged among the total number of 20Ǧ24 years olds women aged 20Ǧ24 years olds by the reporting year Recognize and value unpaid 5.4.1. Number of legal and MOLVT Administration data Every 5 Laws and policies in place Number of Laws and policies in place to address MOWA policy measures to yaers to address work-life work-life balance, unpaid and domestic works and care and domestic work through address and recognize balance, unpaid care and women’s decent employment (e.g. the provision of public services, work-life balance, and domestic works, and decent maternity/paternity leave, family care leave,equal infrastructure and social unpaid care and domestic employment (e.g. pay for equal work; on-site childcare facilities, protection policies and the works, and promote maternity/paternity leave, family-friendly workplace policies, flexible working promotion of shared women’s increased family care leave,equal pay arrangements, etc.) responsibility within the access to decent for equal work; on-site household and the family as employment childcare facilities, family- nationally appropriate friendly workplace policies, flexible working arrangements, etc) Laws and policies in place to address work-life balance, unpaid care and domestic works, and decent employment (e.g. maternity/paternity leave, family care leave,equal pay for equal work; on-site childcare facilities, family- friendly workplace policies, flexible working arrangements, etc.) 5.5 Ensure fully and efficiently 5.5.1 Proportion of seats MOWA Administration data Every 5 The number of seats held by number of seats held by Total number of seats in MOWA participation of women and held by women in CNCW years women in national Assembly women in National National Assembly and equal opportunity in leadership legislative institutions as a percentage of the total Assembly and Senate in Senate in the reporting lin all levels in economic number of seats in National the reporting year year Assembly in the reporting Politicalique, and public life year 5.5.2 Proportion of female MOWA Administration data Every 5 Number of female civil The number of female civil The total number of civil civil servants holding years servants in the positions of servants in the position of servants in the position MOWA management position Ministers, Secretary of ministers, secretary of ministers, secretary of (Ministers, Secretary of States, Under-Secretary of states, under-scretary of states, under-secreatry States, Under-Secretary of States as percentage of total states in the reporting year of states in the reporting States) in public sectors. number of Ministers, year Secretary of States, Under- Secretary of States positions 5.5.3 Proportion of women MOWA/NCDDS 1(& Every 5 Number of female members Number of female Total number of MOWA in Commune/ Sangkat years of Commune/Sangkat members of members of council council as a percentage to Commune/Sangkat Commune/Sangkat the total number of members council in the reporting council of Commune/Sangkat year council Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 9 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 5.6 Ensure the access to sexual 5.6.1 The proportion of MOWA, MOH CDHS Every 5 The number of women aged The number of women Total number of women MOWA and reproductive health and women aged 15 to 49 who years 15 to 49 in the reported year aged 15 to 49 (married or aged 15 to 49 years reproductive rights as universal make their own informed who own decisions relating to have partners) in the (Have partners or agreed on the Programme of decisions regarding to the use of contraception and reported year who own married) in the reported Action of the International sexual relation reproductive health care decisions relating to the year who use Conference on Population and contraceptive use and among the total number of use of contraception and contraception and Development and the Beijing reproductive health care women aged 15 to 49 years reproductive health care reproductive health care Plateform for Action and other (Have partners or married) relevant documents who use contraception and reproductive health care. 5.6.2 The number of laws , MOWA, LMs Administrative Annually The number of laws, The number of laws, policies, plans and all legal MOWA policies , plans and legal data policies, plans and all legal norms prepared by the current year to ensure that all regulations that ensure that regulations designed to women have access to information, education and all women have access to ensure that all women have sexual and reproductive health services information , education and access to information, sexual and reproductive education and sexual and health services reproductive healthservices 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound 5.c.1: Number of MEF Administrative Annually Institutions with a system to Number of ministries and agencies with a system to MOWA policies and enforceable institutions with a system to data track and allocate budget to track and allocate budget to promote gender equality track and allocate budget to CNCW promote gender equality and and empower women MCS legislation for the promotion of promote gender equality empower women gender equality and the MOWA and empower women empowerment of all women and girls at all levels 5.c.2 Number of line MOWA Administrative data Annually Number of Line Ministries, Number of Line Ministries, Line Agencies have MOWA Ministries, Line Agencies Line Agencies have development and Implement Gender Mainstreaming have development and MCS development and Implement Strategic Plan up to the current year MCS Implement Gender Gender Mainstreaming Mainstreaming Strategic Strategic Plan up to the Plan current year Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal 6.1.1 Proportion of MIH MIH’s Admin Annually Proportion of Cambodian Number of Cambodian Number of total MIH and equitable access to safe Cambodian population in population in urban areas population in urban areas Cambodian urban and affordable drinking water for urban areas with access to with access to safely with access to safely population in the all safely managed and clean managed and clean water managed and clean water reporting year water supply services. supply services amongtotal supply services in the Cambodian urban reporting year population. 6.1.2 Proportion of MRD CSES, Census – Every 5 Number of rural population Number of rural population Total Rural population in MRD population using safely and Inter-Censal years using improved’ sources of using safely managed the reporting year  managed drinking water Survey, drinking water among the drinking water services services –rural total population in rural areas. Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 10 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to 6.2.1 Proportion of MRD CSES, Census Annually Based on global definitions: Number of rural population Rural population MRD adequate and equitable population using safely and Inter-censal Proportion of rural using safely managed sanitation and hygiene for all managed sanitation population population using a basic sanitation in reporting year and end open defecation, services, including a hand- sanitation facility at the paying special attention to the washing facility with soap MRD KAP survey household level (Improved needs of women and girls and and water sanitation facilities used for those in vulnerable situations MDG monitoring i.e. flush or pour flush toilets to sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, pit latrines with a slab, and composting toilets, the same categories as improved sources of drinking water used for MDG monitoring) which is not shared with other households and where excreta is safely disposed in situ or treated offǦsite. 6.3 By 2030, improve water 6.3.1 Proportion of MoE EPA Annually The amount of wastewater Waste water safely treated Total wastewater MOE quality by reducing pollution, wastewater safely treated MRD MoWPT safely treated among the eliminating dumping and total wastewater minimizing release of hazardous MRD chemicals and materials, halving Local Government the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally 6.4 By 2030, substantially 6.4.1 By 2025, all MIH Admin. data MIH Annually Number of Cambodian Number of Cambodian Total Cambodian urban MIH increase water-use efficiency Cambodian people living in people living in urban areas people living in urban population in the across allsectors and ensure urban areas have access to having access to clean water areas having access to reporting year. sustainable withdrawals and clean water sustainably sustainably with quality and clean water sustainably supply of freshwater to address with quality and affordable affordable price to total with quality and affordable water scarcity and substantially price. Cambodian urban pricein the reporting year reduce the number of people population. suffering from water scarcity 6.a By 2030, expand 6.a.1 Amount of water- CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Total official development Total ODA disbursement GDP in the year. CDC/CRDB international cooperation and and sanitation-related Database (OOF assistance disbursement related to water and capacity-building support to official development Validated from Related to water and sanitation in the reporting developing countries in water- assistance that is part of a OECD CRS sanitation by year among the year and sanitation-related activities government-coordinated Database) annual GDP. and programmes, including spending plan water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal 7.1.1 Proportion of MME MME and NIS Annually Number of population that Number of population that Total Cambodian MME access to affordable, reliable population with access to has accessed to electricity has accessed to electricity population in the year and modern energy services electricity among total Cambodian up to the reported year population 7.1.2 Proportion of MME MME and NIS Annually Proportion of population with Number of population with Total Cambodian MME population with primary primary reliance on clean primary reliance on clean population in the year reliance on clean fuels and fuels and technology among fuels and technology up to technology total Cambodian population the reporting year Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 11 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 7.2 By 2030, increase 7.2.1 Propotion of MME Administrative Annually Quantity of annual Consumption of energy Total final energy MME substantially the share of Renewable energy in the Data/MME consumption of energy from from all renewable sources consumption in the year renewable energy in the global total final energy all renewable sources in the reporting year. energy mix consumption among total annual; energy consumption 7.3 By 2030, double the global 7.3.1 Proption of primary MME Administrative Annually Proportion of the total The total primary energy Gross domestic product MME rate of improvement in energy energy over GDP Data/MME primary energy supply over supply in the reporting efficiency gross domestic product year Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all 8.1 Sustain per capita economic 8.1.1 Annual growth rate of LMs-LAs MoP, MEF Annually The implications of Gross The Gross Domestic Gross Domestic Product growth in accordance with real GDP per capita Domestic Product per Product per Capita in per Capita of the national circumstances and, in Capita in each reporting each reporting year previous year particular, at least 7 per cent year with Gross Domestic gross domestic product growth Production per Capita of per annum in Cambodia previous year 8.2 Achieve higher levels of 8.2.2 Growth rate of economic productivity through Commercial registrations, diversification, technological Trade markings, upgrading and innovation, Certificates of autoimmune including through a focus on origin high-value added and labour- intensive sectors 8.2.2.1 Growth rate of MOC Admin. Data MOC Annually Using the technology for Number of companies Number of companies MOC automatic commercial business registration listing the ads listing automatically at listing automatically by the the baseline year  reporting year 8.2.2.2 Growth rate of MOC Admin. Data MOC Annually Using the technology for Number of automatically Number of automatically MOC automatic brand trademark registration registered trademarks by registered trademarks registrations the reporting year by the baseline year  8.2.2.3 Certificate of MOC Admin. Data MOC Annually Using technology for issuing Number of goods certified Number of goods MOC Growth Rate of the certificate of origin their origin by the reporting automatically certified Authenticating Origin year the origins by baseline  year 8.2.3 Processing or  development of products (Both goods and services) through all available means of the OVOP Concept  8.2.3.1 All kinds of products National Administrative Annually All kinds of products Total of all kinds of OVOP products produced that OVOP both goods and services Committee for data of the (processing or developing have been processed or developed that have been Committee that have been processed OVOP National products) produced by included in OVOP Movement in all 25 Capital and or developed and have Promotion and Committee for people of one or more Provinces. been included in OVOP other relevant OVOP Promotion villages up to the reporting Movement ministries and year thatreflect traditional institutions and modern cultures repsrenting the pride and prestige of their village. The products demostrats the potential to be strengthened Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 12 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 and expanded in terms of both quantity, quality and feature in creating value added for increasing people’s incomes. The products must also be registrated in the OVOP movement accepted by the National Committee for the Promotion of OVOP Movement  8.2.3.2 Number of types National Administrative Annually All kinds of processing or Total of all kinds of products (processing or OVOP products both goods and Committee for data of the developing products developing) produced that have been measured in Committee services that have been OVOP National produced up to the reporting respect to OVOP standard criteria (from low to high) processed or developed Promotion and Committee for year that responded to the of all products that have been included in OVOP with OVOP standard other relevant OVOP Promotion above definition of 8..2.3.1 Movement in all 25 Capital and Provinces. criteria. ministries and that have been standardized institutions. (from low to high level) by the National Committee for the Promotion of OVOP Movement based on National Policy on Promotion of One Village One Product (OVOP) Movement 8.3 Promote development- 8.3.1 Growth rate of MOC Admin. Data MOC Annually Number of Commercial Number of Commercial Number of old MOC oriented policies that support number of companies companies registered in companies registered in membership (Pervious productive activities, decent job registered in the Chamber Chamber of Commerce in Chamber of Commerce in year membership ) in i creation, entrepreneurship, of Commerce. the whole country up to the the whole country up to Chamber of Commerce creativity and innovation, and reporting year comparing to the reporting year encourage the formalization and baseline year (Pervious growth of micro-, small- and years membership) medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services 8.9.1 Tourism Direct Gross MOT Tourist Survey Annually Partly addition of rt total Total revenue from Tourist Gross Domestic Product MOT 8.9 By 2030, devise and Domestic Product(TDGDP) value added (at cost) sector in the reported year (GDP) in the year implement policies to promote as a proportion of total generated from all tourism sustainable tourism that creates GDP and in growth rate. services sector and total net jobs and promotes local culture  taxes on products and and products imports including the tourist’s expenditures 8.9.2 Proportion of MOT Survey on Labour Annually Proportion of employees in Number of employees in Total employees in the MOT employees in tourism in Tourist sector tourism industries among the tourism industries in the year industries among total total Cambodian employees. reporting year employees in all sectors  8.a Increase Aid for Trade 8.a.1 Aid for Trade CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Total ODA disbursement to Total ODA disbursement Total annual GDP in the CRDB/CDC support for Cambodia, including commitments and Database (OOF Trade sector by year to Trade sector of the reporting year through the Enhanced disbursements for Validated from compare to annual GDP reporting year Integrated Framework for Trade- Cambodia OECD CRS related Technical Assistance  Database Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 13 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, 9.1.1 Freight volumes of MPWT MPWT Annually Freight volumes in each Freight volumes in the reporting year. MPWT ports. year. sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, 9.1.2 Numbers of air SSCA Administrative Annually The number of passengers The number of passengers arriving in Cambodia on SSCA to support economic passengers (Domestic and data of SSCA arriving in Cambodia on domestic flights and international flights development and human well- international) domestic flights and being, with a focus on affordable international flightsin the and equitable access for all year 9.1.3 Freight weight SSCA Administrative Annually Quantity of freight through Quantity of freight through domestic and SSCA (domestic and data of SSCA domestic and international international flights in the year international) flights in year 9.2 Promote inclusive and 9.2.1 Number of MIH Aministrative data Annually Proportion of Cambodian Number of Cambodian Total employment within 0,+ Cambodian employees in of MIH employees in manufacturing employees in the country in the sustainable industrialization and, manufacturing sector as a sector to the total manufacturing sector in reporting year. by 2030, significantly raise proportion to total employment within the the reporting year. employment within the country. industry’s share of employment country and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least development countries 9.5 Enhance scientific research, 9.5.1 Research and The National National Survey 5 years Total (Intramural/Domestic) Total (Intramural/ GDP in the same period GS- upgrade the technological development expenditure Science and on Research and expenditure on R&D Domestic) expenditure on NSTC/MOP capabilities of industrial sectors as a proportion of GDP Technology Development performed during a given R&D performed in the in all countries, in particular Council (R&D) period as proportion of GDP reporting year developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation (NSTC) in the same period and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending 9.a Facilitate sustainable and 9.a.1 Total official CRDB/CDC Annually Total official international Total official international Total GDP in the year CRDB/CDC resilient infrastructure international support Cambodia ODA support (official support (official development in developing (official development development assistance development assistance  Database (OOF countries through enhanced assistance plus other Validated from plus other official flowsto plus other official flows to financial,technological and official flows) to OECD CRS infrastructure) by year infrastructure) in the year technical support to African infrastructure Database) compare to annual GDP countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States 9.c Significantly increase access 9.c.1 Proportion of (MPTC) Amin. Data MPTC Annually The number of users Total number of users Total Population in the MPTC to information and population covered by subscribed to internet subscribed to internet reporting year (NIS) communications technology and internet network (Mobile network (mobile and fixed) network (mobile and strive to provide universal and and Fixed) among the total population fixed) among the total affordable access to the Internet population in the reporting in Cambodia by 2020 year. Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 14 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries 10.1 By 2030, progressively 10.1.1 Growth rates of LMs-LAs MOP Annually An average annual growth in An average annual Expenditures/consuptio achieve and sustain income household expenditure or household’s income or household income or ns of everage income of growth of the bottom 40 per cent income per capita among expenditure per person of 40 expenditure per person generall population of the population at a rate higher the bottom 40 per cent of per cent of the lowest among the 40 per cent of than the national average the population and the total income population among the lowest income population the total Household population in reporting expenditure per person of year general population 10.2 By 2030, empower and 10.2.1 Proportion of LMs-LAs MOP (CSES) Annually Number of Population living Number of Population Number of Population promote the social, economic people living below 50 per below 50 per cent of median living below 50 per cent of living below the median and political inclusion of all, cent of median income, by income, by age, sex and median income, by age, income, by age, sex and irrespective of age, sex, age, sex and persons with persons with disabilitie sex and persons with persons with disabilitie disability, race, ethnicity, origin, disabilities among total population in disabilitie in the reporting in the reporting year religion or economic or other specific year year status 10.4 Adopt policies, especially 10.4.1 Civil servants MoSVY NSSFC Annually Retired civil servant who Number of retired persons and invalidities who are MOSVY fiscal, wage and social retirees and invalid received monthly benefit recorded by the Retirement Management and protection policies, and from the state according to Victim Disability Management System by the progressively achieve greater their age over 55 years old reporting year equality and was in service for more than 20 years, civil servants who are invalid/not able to work any more because of their invalidity service more than 20 years and received monthly benefit from the state 10.a Implement the principle of 10.a.1 Numbers of MOC Admin. Data MOC Annually The activity for increasing Number of international trade agreements MOC special and differential treatment International Agreement Comparative superiority / Which took place in the reporting year for developing countries, in Specialty of trading with particular least developed foreigners countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements 10.b Encourage official 10.b.1. Total official CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Total ODA disbursement for Total ODA disbursement for Cambodia in the year CRDB/CDC development assistance and development assistance for Database (OOF Cambodia by year financial flows, including foreign Cambodia Validated from direct investment, to States OECD CRS where the need is greatest, in Database) particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 15 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 11.6 By 2030 , reduce the 11.6.1 Amount of urban MOE EPA Annually Amount of urban solid waste Amount of urban solid waste regularly collected and MOE adverse per capita solid waste regularly MIH MIH regularly collected and with with adequate final dischargein the reporting year environmental impact of cities, collected and with MoI MoI adequate final discharge in a including by paying special adequate final discharge PP PP Municipality specific year attention to air quality and Municipality municipal and other waste 11.6.2 Percentage of the MOE EPA Annually Annually reducing the use of The amount of reducing plastic use in the country in MOE management deduction plastic bag used MIH MIH plastic bags in percentage in the reporting year MoI MoI the reporting year PP PP Municipality Municipality 11.6.3 Percentage of the MOE EPA Annually The amount of solid wasted The total amount of solid The total amount of MOE solid wasted segregate by MIH MIH segregate by technical waste segregated by solid wasted in the technical guidance MoI MoI guidance in specific year technical guidance in the reporting year PP PP Municipality among the total solid reporting year Municipality wasted in the year  11.6.4 The number of sites MoE, SNA MOE/EPA, SNA Annually Monitoring and controlling The number of locations monitored for regular public MOE monitored by the air quality public air quality on carbon airflow over the parameters COSO2 NO2 PM2.5 PM10 on the parameter is the monoxide parameters in the reporting year annual average of the (CO) Sulfur dioxide parameters of CO, NO2, (SO2) (NO2) And SO2, TSP, PM2.5 and particles in the air PM10 (Total Suspended Particulate Matter) Aerosol particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) And the particles in the air with a small diameter of 10 microns Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 12.4 By 2020, achieve the 12.4.1 Percentage of MoE MoE/EPA Annually Number of types of Number of types of contamination sources in the MOE environmentally sound release reduction of MIH MIH contamination sources in the Toolkit and the number of poison sources in management of chemicals and Persistent Organic MAFF MAFF Toolkit and the number of Cambodia in the year all wastes throughout their life Pollutants (POPs) to the MoI MoI poison sources in Cambodia cycle, in accordance with agreed environment MoH MoH international frameworks, and MPWT MPWT significantly reduce their release MoC MoC to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts 12.4.2 Percentage of MoE MoE/EPA Annually The total release reduction The total release reduction of mercury (Hg) to the MOE on human health and the release reduction of MIH MIH of mercury (Hg) to the environment in the reporting year environment mercury (Hg) to the MAFF MAFF environment environment MoH MoH MoC MoC 12.4.3. Percentage of MoE MoE/EPA Annually The total quantity of The total quantity of The total amount of MOE effectiveness MEF MEF hazardous wastes (biological hazardous wastes hazardous wastes management of (customs) (customs) and radiation residues) (biological and radiation (biomaterials and hazardous waste and MIH MIH collected and transport to residues) collected and radiation residues) biological and radioactive MoC MoC disposal area compared to transport to disposal area produce waste MoH MoH the amount of hazardous MoI MoI wastes (biomaterials and MPWT MPWT radiation residues) produce 12.5 By 2030, substantially 12.5.1 National recycling of EPA/MoE EPA Every 3 The amount of waste have The total amount of The total amount of MOE reduce waste generation material used MoC MoC years been recycled per year domestic and export waste domestic and export through prevention, reduction, MAFF MAFF used to recycle in the waste recycled in the recycling and reuse reporting year reporting year Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 16 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts 13.1 Strengthen resilience and 13.1.1 Percentage of NCSD CDB Every 5 Number of vulnerable Number of Total number MOE communes vulnerable to MoI years communes/sangkats to communes/sangkats with communes/sangkats adaptive capacity to climate- climate change climate change compared to Vulnrable Index values related hazards and natural total communes/sangkats above the mean (-0.487) disasters in all countries 13.2 Integrate climate change 13.2.1 Pecentage of GSSD NCSD Volume of Green-House Estimation of Green- NCSD Green-House Gas 2nd National In every Proportioin of Green House Gas Emission have been House Gas from related measures into national policies, emission through reduced report and 2 years Gas reduced through stored through activities of sectors of the usual strategies and planning activities when comparing monitoring report reduction activies in related sectors projection (Scenario) to the projection in every two industires of power, /(By no policy and (scenario) of usual gas years production, transportation, measure for reduction) emission 13.2.1 and other sectors (power Pecentage of Green- efficiency bio-gas, water House Gas emission consumption, and renewable through reduced activities energy for irrigation system when comparing to the and sun power) when projection (scenario) of comparing the estimation of usual gas emission Green-House Gas Emission in these sectors under the usual projection (Scenario) in Cambodia that indicated as percentage of the Green- House Gas emission 13.2.2 Percentage of MoEF Climate Public Annually Proportion of financial Financial domestic GDP GSSD increase in public GSSD Expenditure domestic resources (national (national budget) and expenditure for climate (CPER) Report budget) and external external resources (DP’ change resources (DPs funding) funds) spent on climate spent on climate change in change in Cambodia Cambodia disaggregated by key CC sensitive sectors: MoWRAM, MPWT, MRD, MAFF, and MoH, expressed as percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 13.3 Improve education, 13.3.1 Intitution level that NCSD Report and M&E Every 2 Capacity level of national Number (weighting) of Total number (Heighest GSSD/ prepared for response to indicators on years institutions for response to core- plan achieved and score as appropriate of NCSD awareness-raising and human Climate Change indicated national climate CC indicated as percentage partly achieved on the achievable plan for and institutional capacity on as percentage of change (NCSD) of institutional capcitiy indicators (points) of the 5 achieveing the climate change mitigation, institutional capacities expected for the CC’s 5 components indicators (points) in the adaptation, impact reduction and mainstreamed on 5 components (Policies & 5 components early warning components of Climate Strategies, planning, Change information sharing, financing) 13.3.2 Percentage of MAFF Administrative Number of households Numbers of households Total number of MAFF households (farming, Data /MAFF Annually (farming, animal raising, fish (farming, animal raising, households (farming, NCSD animal raising, fish raising, NCSD raising, and fishing) and fish raising, and fishing) animal raising, fish and fishing) and local local community forestry and local community raising, and fishing) and community forestry members participated the members (forestry) local community members participated workshops and received participated the workshops members by the workshops and received training on climate change and received training on reporting year training on climate change among the total number of climate change by the above mentioned reporting year households in specific timeframe Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 17 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development MOE 14.1 By 2025, prevent and 14.1.1 Percentage of the MoE MoE Annually Reduced seawater pollution Total seawater pollution Total seawater pollution significantly reduce marine reduction of the sea through maritime reduced in the year in the year pollution of all kinds, in particular pollution by the conservation activities through maritime from land-based activities, conservation activities against total pollution conservation activities including marine debris and nutrient pollution MOE 14.2 By 2020, sustainably 14.2.1 Key ecosystem MoE MoE Annually Ratio of main functions and Number of functions and Total number of manage and protect marine function and service of services of marine and services of marine and functions and services coastal and freshwater marine and coast area coastal ecosystems coastal ecosystemes of marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant maintained and restore as maintained and restored as maintained and restored ecosystemes by the adverse impacts, including by necessary necessary by the reporting year reporting year strengthening their resilience, MAFF and take action for their 14.2.2 Percentage of MAFF Administrative Every 3 Percentage of the degraded Area of replanted and Total area of degraded restoration in order to achieve degraded freshwater Data MAFF years flooded forest and protected flooded forest flooded forest and healthy and productive flooded forests and mangrove forest that is and mangrove forest by mangrove forest by the oceansand freshwater mangrove forests (ha) that replanted and protected. the reporting year reporting year ecosystems has been replanted and protected MAFF 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 14.5.1 Percentage of MAFF Administrative Every year The percentage of marine Total protected Marine and Total conservation 10 per cent of coastal and marine and inland Data MAFF and inland fisheries inland fisheries areas up to reported marine and freshwater areas, fisheries conservation conservation areas conservation areas up to year consistent with national and areas protected. protected with the total reported year international law and based on conservation areas the best available scientific information MAFF 14.7 By 2030, increase the 14.7.1 Value of fisheries MAFF Administrative Every year The percentage of fisheries Total GDP of the economic benefits to small aquaculture production as Data MAFF and aquaculture production reporting year Total fisheries production island developing States and a percentage of GDP. compared to GDP value in the reporting year least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism MAFF 14.b Provide access for small- 14.b.1 Percentage of MAFF Administrative Every year Marine resources which Marine resources which Marine resources which scale artisanal fishers to marine marine resources which Data MAFF small-scale fisheries small-scale fisheries small-scale fisheries resources and markets small-scale fisheries farmers havested and sold farmers havested and farmers havested and farmers harvested and sold compared to total marine sold in markets in the sold in markets in the in a stable market. resources harvested in a reporting year. reporting year. specific period. Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 18 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 15.1 By 2020, ensure the 15.1.1 Forest area as a MAFF Admin. Data Every 5 The forest land areas Forest land area Total Land Area MAFF percentage of total land (Settalite) Years compared to the total land Collarborate conservation, restoration and area. area with PA sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems 15.1.2 Percentage of MoE Administrative Every year Size of the important sites Sites for terrestrial and Total sites for terrestrial MAFF and their services, in particular important sites for Data of MoE for terrestrial and freshwater freshwater biodiversity that and freshwater forests, wetlands, mountains Collarborate terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are are presented covered by biodiversity with PA and drylands, in line with biodiversity that are presented covered by protected areas and obligations under international covered by protected areas protected areas and fisheries conservation agreements and fisheries conservation fisheries conservation areas areas by ecosystem type areas-protected by law by ecosystem type with total conservation areas 15.1.3 Forest areas and MAFF Administrative Every year Forest areas and Forest areas and ecosystems (Ha) sustainably MAFF ecosystems sustainably Data of MAFF ecosystems (Ha) sustainably utilized in the reporting year utilized utilized 15.2 By 2020, promote the 15.2.1 Percentage of MAFF, MOE MOE Every year Total Forest Area have Total Forest Area have Total Forest Area MOE, MAFF implementation of sustainable sustainable forest sustainable management sustainable management management of all types of protection and and Protection among the and Protection forests, halt deforestation, management tota forest areas restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally 15.3 By 2030, combat 15.3.1 Area of forest MAFF Administrative Every 3 ½ Area of forest landscape Area of forest landscape restoration for areas MAFF desertification, restore degraded landscape restoration for Data of MAFF years restoration for areas affected affected by desertification, drought and floods up to land and soil, including land areas affected by by desertification, drought reporting year affected by desertification, desertification, drought and and floods drought and floods, and strive to floods achieve a land degradation- neutral world 15.5 Take urgent and significant 15.5.1 Number of action MAFF Administrative Every year Number of action plans of The number of action plans for the conservation of MAFF action to reduce the degradation plans forconservation of Data of MAFF rare and endangered endangered species and plants prepared and of natural habitats, halt the loss rare and endangered species of fauna and flora implemented by year reported of biodiversity and, by 2020, species of fauna and flora developed and implemented protect and prevent the developed and extinction of threatened species implemented 15.7 Take urgent action to end 15.7.1 Number of cases of MAFF Administrative Number of cases of illegal Number of cases of illegal poaching and trafficking of MAFF poaching and trafficking of illegal poaching and Data of MAFF Every year poaching and trafficking of flora and fauna in the reporting year protected species of flora and trafficking of flora and flora and faunain the year fauna and address both demand fauna decreased and supply of illegal wildlife products 15.9 By 2020, integrate 15.9.2 Number of policies, GSSD GSSD Annually Number of policies, Number of policies, strategies and regulations on MOE ecosystem and biodiversity strategies and regulations MoE GDANCP strategies and regulations on ecosystem services Finalises values into national and local on ecosystem services is ecosystem services planning, development established and MAFF MoH processes, poverty reduction implemented NGOs strategies and accounts Academia MAFF Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 19 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 15.b Mobilize significant CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Total Official development Total Official development Total GDP of the year CRDB/CDC resources from all sources and 15.b.1 Official Database (OOF assistance disbursement by assistance disbursement at all levels to finance development assistance for Validated from year for conservation and for conservation and sustainable forest management conservation and OECD CRS sustainable use of sustainable use of and provide adequate incentives sustainable use of Database) biodiversity and ecosystems biodiversity in the year to developing countries to biodiversity and compared with annual GDP advance such management, ecosystems including for conservation and reforestation Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels The number of The number of Total population aged MONASRI 16.3 Promote the rule of law at 16.3.1 Proportion of people MONASRI MONASRI Admin. Annually Cambodians aged 15 and Cambodians aged 15 and 15-year-olds and older the national and international involved in disseminating Data older participated in the levels and ensure equal access laws older participated in the to justice for all dissemination of legislation dissemination of legislation among the 15-year-olds 16.7 Ensure responsive, Number of position of female Number of position of Total government MCS inclusive, participatory and 16.7.1 Propotion of female MCS Admin.Data of Annually government officials in public female government officials in public representative decision-making government Officials in MCS institution among total officials in public institutions by the at all levels Ministries-agencies government officials in public institutions by the current current year institutions. year 16.9 By 2030, provide legal 16.9.1 percentage of birth General General Annually Proportion of birth Number of birth Number population in MOI identity for all, including birth have birth registered and Department of Department of registration among total registration up to the the year. registration receive birth certificate ( By Identification/ Identification/ population. reporting year. 2024, at least 90%) MoI MoI Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development 17.3 Mobilize additional financial 17.3.1 Official development CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Total Official development Total Official development Total GDP of the year CRDB/CDC resources for developing assistance as % of GDP Database (OOF assistance disbursement by assistance disbursement countries from multiple sources Validated from year compare to Annual in the year OECD CRS GDP Database) Technology 17.6 Enhance North-South, MPTC Admkin. Data Annually Total Number of MPTC 17.6.1 Percentage of MPTC Number of population Number of population Population (NIS) South-South and triangular population connect to Fixed connect to Fixed Internet connect to Fixed Internet regional and international Internet broadband broadband speech broadband speech cooperation on and access to subscriptions, by speed >512Kbps among total >512Kbps science, technology and population innovation and enhance knowledge-sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 20 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 17.8 Fully operationalize the 17.8.1 Proportion of MPTC Administraion data Annually The number of people The number of people Total Number of MPTC technology bank and science, individuals using the of MPTC subscribed to the Internet subscribed to the Population in the year technology and innovation Internet (mobile and Internet (mobile and (NIS) capacity-building mechanism for Fixed) Fixed), including the use of least developed countries by PCs, or through devices 2027 and enhance the use of such as mobile phones, enabling technology, in tablets, digital TV and particular information and other electronic devices communications technology that can connect to the Internet Capacity-building 17.9 Enhance international 17.9.1 Total financial and CRDB/CDC Annually Total ODA disbursement Total ODA disbursement Total GDP in the year CRDB/CDC support for implementing technical assistance (including through North- (including through North- Cambodia ODA effective and targeted capacity- (including through North- South, South-South and South, South-South and Database (OOF building in developing countries South, South-South and Validated from triangular cooperation) triangular cooperation) to support national plans to triangular cooperation) committed to Cambodia by committed to Cambodia in OECD CRS implement all the Sustainable committed to Cambodia year compare to Annual the year Database) Development Goals, including GDP through North-South, South- South and triangular cooperation 17.9.2 Amount of ODA to CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Yearly Amount of ODA to Economic Amount of ODA to GDP of the year CRDB/CDC Economic and Database (OOF and Development Economic and Development Validated from Policy/Planning committed Development Policy/Planning (as % of OECD CRS to Cambodia by year Policy/Planning GDP) committed to Database) compare to annual GDP committed to Cambodia Cambodia in the year Trade 17.10 Promote a universal, 17.10.1 The number of MOC Admin. Data of Annually Commercial laws and Commercial laws and regulations designed to MOC rules-based, commercial legal norms MOC regulations designed to facilitate and give confidence to local investors and open,non- discriminatory and and standards set up to facilitate and give confidence investors in trading equitable multilateral trading facilitate local investors and to local investors and system under the World Trade, investors in trading investors in trading Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda Multi-stakeholder partnerships 17.17 Encourage and promote 17.17.1 Amount of ODA CRDB/CDC Cambodia ODA Annually Amount of ODA disbursed to Amount of ODA disbursed Total GDP of the year CRDB/CDC effective public, public-private disbursed to civil society Database (OOF civil society partnerships by to civil society partnerships - Projected and civil society partnerships, partnerships (as % of GDP) Validated from year compare to annual in the year number took building on the experience and OECD CRS GDP from DFA resourcing strategies of Database) report partnerships - Amount of ODA disbursed to civil society Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 21 Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 Data, monitoring and accountability 17.18 By 2020, enhance 17.18.1 Proportion of MOP MOP Number of sustainable Number of sustainable Total global indicators MOP capacity-building support to sustainable development development indicators development indicators developing countries, including indicators produced at the produced at the national produced at the national for least developed countries national level with full level with full disaggregation level with full and small island developing disaggregation when when relevant to the target, disaggregation when States, to increase significantly relevant to the target, in in accordance with the relevant to the target, in the availability of high-quality, accordance with the Fundamental Principles of accordance with the timely and reliable data Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics Fundamental Principles of disaggregated by income, Official Statistics Official Statistics gender, age, race, ethnicity, MOP NIS Annually National budget for statisitic National budget for Total national budget NIS migratory status, disability, 17.18.2 Proportion of system in implementaing of statisitic system in expenditures geographic location and other budget expenditure for NSDS compared to total implementaing of NSDS characteristics relevant in implementation the government’s expenditures. national contexts National Strategy for the Development of Statistic (NSDS) MoP NIS Every 10 Population census as stated NIS 17.19 By 2030, build on existing 17.19.1 Population Census years in statistic law (Arcticle 6, initiatives to develop in every 10 years phargraph A)- the census measurement of progress on must be done within 10 sustainable development that years by NIS and corporate complement gross domestic with LMs-LAs product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries Goal 18: End the negative impact of Mine/ERW and promote victim assistance 18.1 To completely clear the 18.1.1 The annual report CMAA CMAA Annually Quantity of land cleared of Total land cleared of mines and ERW in the reporting CMAA identified mine and Explosive of cleared mine and mines and ERW annually year Remnants of War (ERW) areas Explosive remnants of war by the year 2030 (ERW) areas 18.2 To reduce number of mine / 18.2.1 The number of mine CMAA CMAA Annually The number of people (boys, Number of people (boys, girls, adult) injured or killed CMAA ERW casualties to less than 10 / ERW casualties (killed girls, adult) injured or killed by mines / ERW in the reporting year persons/year by 2030 and injured annually) by mines / ERW in specific year 18.2.2 The number of CMAA CMAA Annually Targetted villages impacted The number of villages contaminated by mines / CMAA villages contaminated by by mines / ERW (exist in ERW to receive Mine Risk Education messages mines / ERW to receive CMAA database) receive following the annual work plan Mine Risk Education Mine Risk Education messages messages following the plan 18.3 Promote the rights and 18.3.1 The number of mine CMAA CMAA Annually Mine and ERW casualties Number of mine and ERW casualties received rights CMAA improve the quality of life of and ERW casualties received rights promotion promotion, emergency relief, rehabilitation, and persons with disabilities by received rights promotion from CMAA and other state vocational training from stakeholder in the year. landmine/ERW parties 18.3.2 The number of mine CMAA CMAA Annually Number of Mine and ERW Number of Mine and ERW casualties received CMAA and ERW casualties casualties received rehabilitation service in the reporting year received rehabilitation rehabilitation service service. 18.3.3 The number of mine CMAA CMAA Annually Number of Mine and ERW Number of Mine and ERW casualties received CMAA and ERW casualties casualties received emergency service/response from CMAA in the received emergency and emergency service/response reporting year for better livelihood rapid response from CMAA from CMAA for better livelihood Part II, Schedule 1: Meta Data 22 

Schedule 2: Target & Indicator Core Data  Cambodian Sustainable Development Goals Framework 2016-2030 %DVHOLQHVDQG7DUJHWVRIHDFK,QGLFDWRUVRI6DXVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV  %DVHOLQH 7DUJHWV ,QGLFDWRUV 8QLW 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030   Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere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