Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan (KCCCAP) 2023-2027

1.1. Introduction & Background ............................................................................................... 15

1.1.1 Purpose and Process of the CCCAP............................................................................... 16

1.2 Underlying Climate Resilience Context .......................................................................... 17

1.2.1 Impacts of Climate Hazards in the County ................................................................ 20

1.2.2 County Climate Hazard Map ............................................................................................ 21 2. Environmental Degradation Hazard Map ......................................................................... 23 5. Extreme Temperature Hazard Map .................................................................................. 25 1.2.3 Summary of Differentiated Climate Exposure and Vulnerability of key groups and Livelihoodsin the County ..................................................................................... 26

1.3.1 Mainstreaming of NCCAP in County Actions ............................................................. 26

1.3.2 Climate Change in CIDP ................................................................................................... 27

2.0 POLICY ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................... 29

2.1 National Policy Context .................................................................................................... 29

2.1.1 The National Perspective............................................................................................. 29

2.1.2 National Legal and Policy Framework ......................................................................... 30

2.1.2.1 Constitution of Kenya, 2010 ....................................................................................... 30 2 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

2.1.2.2 Climate Change Act, 2016 ............................................................................................ 31

2.1.2.3 National Climate Change Response Strategy ....................................................... 31

2.1.2.4 National Climate Change Action Plan ...................................................................... 31

2.1.2.5 National Climate Change Framework Policy, 2018 ............................................ 32

2.1.2.6 National Adaptation Plan (2015-2030)................................................................... 32

2.1.2.7 Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (2017-2026) .............................................. 32

2.1.2.8 Climate Risk Management Framework (2017) .................................................... 32

2.1.2.9 National Climate Finance Policy ................................................................................ 33

2.1.2.10 Education Sector Disaster Management Policy ................................................. 33

2.1.2.11 Sustainable Waste Management Act, 2022 ........................................................ 33

2.2. County Enabling Legal & Policy Framework ................................................................ 34 2.2.1 Kitui County Integrated Development Plan (C.I.D.P. 2023 – 2027)................ 34

2.2.2 Kitui County Climate Change Fund Regulations, 2018. ........................................ 34 2.2.3 Kitui County Environment and Climate Change policy, 2023. ............................ 35

2.2.4 Kitui County Charcoal Management Act, 2014. ....................................................... 35

2.2.5 Kitui County Climate Change Unit. ............................................................................... 36 3. Priority Climate Change Actions .......................................................................................... 37 3.1 Identification of strategic climate action priorities in the PCRA .......................... 37

3.1.2 Priority County Climate Change Actions .................................................................... 37 3.1.2. 1 Environment and Natural resources Sector ......................................................... 37

3.1.2.2 Agriculture and Water Sector ..................................................................................... 39

3.1.2.3 Energy sector .................................................................................................................... 44

3.1.2.4 Social Protection and Education Sector.................................................................. 45

3.1.2.5 Health services sector ................................................................................................... 45 3 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

3.1.2.6 Transport, ICT, Trade, and Industry Sector. ......................................................... 46

4.1 Enabling Factors .................................................................................................................... 47

4.1.2 Mainstreaming in the CIDP .......................................................................................... 47

4.1.3 Multi-stakeholder participation processes ............................................................ 49

4.1.4 Finance - County Climate Change Fund .................................................................. 51

4.1.5 Governance - County Government Structures. ................................................... 53

4.1.7 Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access ...................................... 56

4.1.7.1 Kitui County Climatic Conditions ............................................................................... 56

4.1.7.2 General Use of Climate Information Services ...................................................... 56

4.1.7.3 Relevance of Climate Information under FLLoCA ............................................... 56

4.2 Implementation and Coordination Mechanisms .................................................... 62

4.2.1 Directorate of Climate Change. .................................................................................. 62

4.2.2 County Climate Change Steering Committee ...................................................... 62

4.2.3 County Climate change technical committee ...................................................... 63

4.2.4 Ward climate change Planning teams..................................................................... 65

4.3 Implementation Matrix ...................................................................................................... 67 4 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan List of Tables Table 11: Summary of Institutional Roles and Responsibilities................................................... 58 Table 12: Implementation Matrix ..................................................................................................... 67 5 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan DEFINITION OF TERMS Adaptive capacity: Adaptive capacity is the property of a system to adjust its characteristics or behavior, in order to expand its coping range under existing climate variability, or future climate conditions. Climate change: Means a change of weather patterns which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Coping: refers to the use of existing resources to achieve desired goals during and immediately after climate-induced hazards. Disaster: A disaster can be defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of the society causing widespread human, material or environmental damage and losses which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope using their own resources. Hazard: Hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example, to people as health effects, to organizations as property or equipment losses, or to the environment). Impacts: Specific effects of hazards or disasters also referred to as consequences or outcomes. Mitigation: Short and long-term actions, programs or policies implemented in advance of a natural hazard or in its early stages, to reduce the degree of risk to the people, property, and productivity capacity. Preparedness: Pre-disaster activities designed to increase the level of readiness or improve operational capabilities for responding to an emergency. Response: Actions taken immediately before, during or directly after a disaster to reduce impacts and improve recovery. 6 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Risks: Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss, or harmful effects on the environment. Vulnerability: The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards. 7 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan ACRONYMS CBOs-Community Based Organizations CCCAP-County Climate Change Action Plan CCIS-County Climate Information Service plan. CIDP-County Integrated Development plan. CIS-Climate Information Service CSAS-Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy CSOs-Civil Society Organizations. ECDE-Early Childhood Development Education EMCA-Environment Management and Coordination Act GHG-Greenhouse gas KIMWASCO-Kiambere-Mwingi Water and Sewerage Company. KITWASCO-Kitui Water and Sewerage Company. NAP-National Action Plan NCCAP-National Climate Change Action Plan. NCCFP-National Climate Change Framework Policy PCRA-Participatory Climate Risk Assessment. SDG-Sustainable Development Goals SEKEB-South Eastern Kenya Economic Block 8 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Foreword Kitui is a semi-arid county characterized by high rainfall variability and prolonged droughts. The county experience impacts of climate change such as high temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, increased incidences of droughts and diseases, reduced crop and livestock production, and loss of lives and diminishing livelihoods. Kitui County was among the first five counties in Kenya to initiate climate change mainstreaming and institutionalization of county climate change finance mechanism. Climate change action in Kenya is guided by the Climate Change Act, (No. 11 of 2016), provides a framework for mainstreaming climate change in the County Governments’ policies, plans and programmes. The Act further requires the Governments to develop action plans to guide resource allocation for both adaptation and mitigation measures. Climate change presents a major threat to Kenya’s socio – economic development. County Government of Kitui has formulated Kitui County Environment and Climate Change Policy 2023 and Kitui County Climate Change Fund Regulations, 2018. Kitui County Climate Change Fund has been established and operationalized and county climate change institutions created. County Government of Kitui is allocating at least 1.5% of our annual development budget for supporting climate change actions. Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan (KCCCAP) 2023 – 2027 was prepared through an extensive participatory and consultative process and sets out bold measures and strategies to ensure that our peoples’ resilience and adaptive capacity is enhanced. The plan also ensures our development remains sustainable in the event of any adverse climate change impacts, including droughts, environmental degradation, Pest and disease outbreaks and other extreme climate events that have in the recent past occasioned far-reaching negative implications on our development and economy. KCCCAP 2023 – 2027 aims to further and contribute in the delivery to Kenya’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement and development 9 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan goals by providing mechanisms and measures that achieve low carbon climate resilient development. A low carbon climate resilient development pathway emphasizes sustainable development and prioritizes adaptation, recognizing the importance of increasing the climate resilience of vulnerable groups, including women, youth, persons living with disabilities, marginalized and minority communities. The collective contributions of all the County Government of Kitui departments, Civil Society Organizations, non-state actors and individual citizens to this County Climate Change Action Plan will help deliver the expected transformational outcomes. The plan will also require the support of our development partners and other well-wishers to ensure its effective implementation for the benefit of the present and future generations. H.E. Dr. Julius Malombe E.G.H The Governor, Kitui County 10 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan 2023-2027 is the first Kitui county climate change action plan. The plan has been developed through a series of engagements with various stakeholders and screened through to reflect and align to the National Climate Change Action Plan 2018-2022. The plan has been developed within the general framework of the National Climate Change Response Strategies (NCCRS) 2010 and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2015- 2030) as they relate to the fragile Arid and Semi-Arid Lands. This Climate Change Action Plan was developed with assistance of relevant national and county government departments, Non-Governmental Organizations, Civil Society Organizations and with the support of funds from the financing locally led climate actions. I would also wish to thank the Financing Locally Led Climate Action (FLLoCA) Program team for the financial and technical support towards preparation of this action plan. I would also wish to extend my appreciation to the Chief Officer for Environment, climate Change and Forestry; Mr. David Masai Soi for the effective coordination of the process leading to this Climate Change Action plan. Last but not least, I wish to thank all those who participated in the development of this Climate Change Action Plan from inception to Validation. In particular I would like to recognize the efforts of the Director for Environment and Climate Change, Mr. Fredrick Kimwilu; Deputy Director for Environment, Energy and Mineral Resources - Mr. Benjamin Mukulo; Assistant Director for Environment– Mr. Dominic Mumbu; Environment Officer, Ms. Marian John; and Climate Change Desk Officer, Mr. Jackson Mwendwa. Indeed, this is a clear demonstration of the commitment that the ministry of Energy, Environment, Forestry, Natural and Mineral Resources has towards building the climate resilience of Kitui People. 11 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan I therefore extent my humble invitation to all partners and stakeholders to collaborate in bringing to life this Climate Change Action Plan. Richard John Mwendandu CECM for Energy, Environment, Climate Change, Forestry, Natural and Mineral Resources. 12 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Kitui County has various climate change impacts attributed to hazards such as drought, environmental degradation, livestock diseases, crop pests and diseases, human wildlife conflicts, human diseases and social risks. These have immense impacts, affecting the economic and human developments of people in rural and urban areas. These impacts disproportionately affect vulnerable populations such as the elderly, poor, and minorities. Section 13 of the Climate Change Act, 2016 provides for the development of National Climate Change Action Plans (NCCAPs); the development of specific county climate change actions plans to prescribe measures and mechanisms to mainstream adaptation and mitigation actions into sector functions of the National and County Governments. In identifying climate change risks and hazards communities are required to be engaged through a well-structured and meaningful participatory approach. Participatory Climate Risk Assessment approach was used to establish climate change risks affecting the Kitui County communities and subsequently used to inform the development of this action plan. The plan outlines goals, strategies, and actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy efficiency, and increase resilience in the face of a changing climate. The plan also includes public engagement, education, and outreach efforts to ensure broad community support and participation in climate action. Chapter two of this Action Plan highlights the legal and regulatory framework on which this plan is anchored. These frameworks include: The Constitution of Kenya 2010; Kenya Vision 2030 (2008) and its Medium Term Plans; Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (2017-2016); National Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022); National Climate Change Response Strategy (2010); Climate Risk Management Framework (2017); Kenya National Determine Contribution (NDC) (2016); National Climate Finance Policy (2018); National Climate Change Policy (2016); and Climate 13 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Change Act (No 11 of 2016) among others. In Chapter three the plan focuses on identifying the priority strategic actions across the different sectors in the county. This is guided by the identified ward actions during the PCRA process through a combination of community participatory tools including interview surveys, inputting and validation workshops. These strategies identified per sector have been used in the proposition of the climate change actions and guided in the development of the implementation matrix. The subsequent chapter four provides an analysis of the enabling environment putting into consideration the legal provisions within the county, the governance and resource mobilization strategies that will support the execution of this action plan. In addition, the chapter explores how the Action plan has been mainstreamed within the county integrated development plan and it aligns with the national climate change action plan. 14 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan CHAPTER ONE CONTEXT OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

1.1. Introduction & Background The National Government and other key players led and guided the process of developing KCCCAP 2023 - 2027, and worked with County Governments duringthis process in line with the Constitution of Kenya (2010). County Governments are responsible for a number of devolved functions whose actions will contribute to the achievement of Kenya’s responsibility to deliver on its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). Section 13 of the Climate Change Act, 2016 provides for the development of National Climate Change Action Plans (NCCAPs); development of specific county climate change actions plans to prescribe measures and mechanisms to mainstream adaptation and mitigation measures. Further section 19 of the Climate Change Act, 2016 requires counties to integrate and mainstream climate change actions and interventions in their policies, plans and programmes. Kitui county climate change action plan is a comprehensive plan designed to reduce emissions, create other climate-related resilience measures that help protect vulnerable populations and combat potential effects of climate change. This Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan 2023 – 2027 presents detailed actions that Kitui County will embark on to address climate change. KCCCAP 2023 – 2027 builds on National Climate Change ActionPlan framework by which considerable progress was made including scaling out County Climate Change Fund mechanism from the pilot five counties between the year 2013 – 2017, to all counties in Kenya; Establishment ofCounty Climate Change Units in all the forty-seven counties; and Development of FinancingLocally-Led Climate Action (FLLoCA) Program. KCCCAP 2023 – 2027 is a framework for Kitui County to build resilience and enhance communities’ adaptive capacity besides ensuring the environment is conserved. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Climate change has increased the frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events in the county. These eventshave led to loss of lives, diminished livelihoods, reduced crop and livestock production, and damaged infrastructure, among other adverse impacts. Lack of sufficient rains, increased temperatures and prolonged droughts are some of the common phenomena that have been witnessed in the county. Climate change is a significant threat to Kitui’s future development, including achievement of the Kenya Vision 2030. This KCCCAP emphasizes sustainable development, while prioritizing adaptation, and recognizing the importance of enhancing climate resilience of vulnerable groups, including children, women, youth, persons with disabilities, the elderly, marginalized and minority communities.

1.1.1 Purpose and Process of the CCCAP Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) is a strategic document that outlines the priorities, goals, and actions to address climate change challenges. The primary purpose of the CCAP is to enhance climate resilience, promote sustainable development, and safeguard the well-being of communities and ecosystems. KCCCAP identifies ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the county, as well as to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The development of the County Climate Change Action Plan typically involves a participatory and inclusive process to ensure that diverse stakeholders, including women, youth, people living with disabilities and other vulnerable groups have an opportunity to contribute their perspectives, knowledge and experiences. The interventions/priorityactions will therefore benefit the vulnerable groups the most. Further, the KCCCAP provides a roadmap for integrating climate considerations into development planning, resource allocation, and policy formulation. It prioritizes locally-led climate actions for resilience building. The process seeks to empower these groups and enable them to actively participate in decision-making and planning processes. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan The forty-seven County Governments in Kenya are required to establish both County Climate Change Units (CCCUs) and County Climate Change Funds (CCCFs). These structures alone are not adequate in building climate change resilient community. To address this gap, county climate change action plan was developed. Development of county climate change action plan requires identification of climate hazards and associated risks through a well-structured and meaningful participatory approach. Participatory Climate Risk Assessment approach was used to establish climate change risks affecting the communities in Kitui County. During the PCRA process it was ensured that women, youth, ethnic minorities, people living with disabilities and other marginalized and vulnerable groups were given priority to participate. County climate change action planning process included; literature review (existing participatory vulnerability capacity assessment reports, CIDP, ADP, CISP, NCCAP, EMCA, National Climate Change Framework Policy, National Climate Change Act 2016 and Kitui County Energy Outlook), public inputs through the PCRA process, development of zero draft, subjecting the zero draft to public participation, development of the final draft, presentation to the county executive committee for approval and submission to the county assembly for adoption.

1.2 Underlying Climate Resilience Context Kitui County experiences climate change and variability manifested through depressed rainfall, recurrent drought, extreme temperatures and flash floods. This affects sectors; agriculture, water, public health and environment. This climate variability coupled with population increase impacts negatively on the livelihoods of the people. Most of the livelihoods for the communities are interlinked to ecosystems and weather dependent mainly rainfall. Kitui County has arid and semi arid climate, with erratic and unreliable rainfall distribution and extreme temperature variations. The rainfall received is bimodal with two main seasons namely March – April– May (MAM) long rain season and October – November – December (OND) short rainseason. Severe drought events have been recurring in most parts of the county while occasional flash floods have been experienced along major Kitui County Climate Change Action plan seasonal rivers. The total number of months with average temperature greater or equal to 25°C serves as an indicator of heat stress. The months of January to May, October and November, are months that experience heat stress. (Source: meteorological department, kitui office) The impacts of climate change in the county are largely felt by crop and livestock farmers. At the household level, climate change impacts are associated with food insecurity, water scarcity and emergence of livestock and human diseases. In the event of prolonged drought resulting to water scarcity and food insecurity, the most affected vulnerable groups are women, children, youth, elderly, PWD and critically sick. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Figure 1Kitui County Resource Map

1.2.1 Impacts of Climate Hazards in the County Kitui County is inhabited by agro-pastoralists whose livelihoods depended on rainfed agriculture and livestock farming, mostly in the range land areas. Most of the county’s sub-counties are characterized as semi-arid. Due to climate change, the farming lands no longer suitable for rain-fed agriculture. Climate resilience in these areas is built more on the net incomes generated from mixed farming, rather than distinct crop and livestock farming. Kitui County has the following hazards; Drought, Environmental Degradation, Floods and Extreme temperatures. These have immense impacts, affecting the economic and human development in rural and urban areas. These impacts will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations such as the women, youth, elderly, poor, and minorities. Drought has been identified as serious climatic hazard in the county, whose impacts is; water scarcity, food insecurity, lack of pasture and fodder, human-human conflicts, human-wildlife conflict, wildlife-wildlife conflict, rural-urban migration, increased crime and breakdown morals, outbreak of diseases, school dropouts and early mariages. Environmental degradation such as deforestation, poor waste management, point source pollution and land degradation. The impacts include; loss of biodiversity, drying of water sources, outbreak of diseases, human-wildlife conflict, loss of natural resources, loss of ecosystem services and loss of aesthetic value. Flash floods experienced in lowland areas have resulted to breaking of water infrastructure, communication channels, road network, property destruction, habitat loss, scour out new channels, loss of crop land, destruction of crops, death of livestock, loss of human lives and outbreak of diseases. Extreme temperatures have been associated with incidences of emergence of crop Kitui County Climate Change Action plan pests and diseases, low livestock production, increased incidences of snake bites, heat stress and discomfort.

1.2.2 County Climate Hazard Map Based on the ward level climate risk assessment report, 4 climate hazards were identified and ranked as follows; 1. Drought 2. Environmental degradation 3. Floods 4. Extreme temperatures. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 1. Drought Hazard Map Figure 2: Map of Kitui County showing levels of drought distribution across the wards Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 2. Environmental Degradation Hazard Map Figure 3: Map of Kitui County environmental degradation spatial distribution Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 3. Flash Floods Hazard Map Figure 4: Map of Kitui County showing the soil erosion affected areas across the wards Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 4. Extreme Temperature Hazard Map Figure 5: Map of kitui county showing areas hit by extreme temperature events Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

1.2.3 Summary of Differentiated Climate Exposure and Vulnerability of key groups and Livelihoodsin the County The differentiated exposure and vulnerability of key groups refer to the notable effects of climate hazards, while paying attention to the specific groups in the society who have been affected the most. The vulnerable groups that are affected by the hazards are women, elderly, youth, children, and PWD. Table 2 highlights the vulnerable groups and their livelihoods against the hazards and the associated impacts (Annex 1)

1.3 Brief Overview of Climate Change Actions in the County

1.3.1 Mainstreaming of NCCAP in County Actions Mainstreaming national climate change action plans into county action plans is essential for Kenya to successfully address the impacts of climate change since each county in Kenya has a unique experience with the impacts of climate change.The National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018-2022 is a five-year plan to steer the country towards a low carbon development pathway. The Plan is derived from the Climate ChangeAct (Number 11 of 2016), which requires the Government of Kenya (GoK) to develop Action Plans to guide the mainstreaming of climate change into sector functions. NCCAP 2018-2022 will further the achievement of Kenya’s development goals by providing mechanisms to realize low carbon climate resilient development.It emphasizes sustainability, while prioritizing adaptation and enhanced climate resilience for vulnerable groups, including women, youth, persons with disabilities,and marginalized and minority communities. The Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan is in line with the National Climate Change Action Plan. Kitui County has adopted a climate-sensitive budgeting plans and strategies that prioritize climate-related actions in order to ensure that necessary resources are being allocated for county-level climate change initiatives. The county has prioritized allocating up to 2 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan % of its annual development budget for climate change in subsequent financial years. It has aligned climate change actions with the government’s development agenda while guided bythe principles of consultation and cooperation, equity and social inclusion. The process of identifying the County Climate Change Action plans was participatory, through involvement of development partners, private sector, civil society, and vulnerable groups including PLWDs, youth, women and the marginalized communities.

1.3.2 Climate Change in CIDP Kitui County has included climate change as a primary consideration in all aspectsof planning. The County in its CIDP 2023- 2027 has identified climate change as one of the major risks impacting on the county’s development. Adaptive strategies have been incorporated in all aspects of planning, and appropriate departments allocated resources to implement adaptive strategy to ensure that development initiatives are resilient to the impacts of a changing climate. The other County Sectors have mainstreamed and identified programs for implementation of climate actions. The priority actions in the CIDP link with county climate actions identified during the participatory climate risk assessment process. Climate change in Kitui County has been mainstreamed through various programmes andprojects spread across sectors. In the water sector, the CIDP has planned for the development of climate proof infrastructure and promotion of water harvesting storage and conservation. In the agriculture sector, promotion of climate smart technologies including growing of drought tolerant food crops has gotten a node in the CIDP. Afforestation and reforestation programmes are well planned for in the CIDP. One of the important elements in the CIDP is the recognitionof the climate change impacts, and proposing contingency funds in the event of climate shocks through the establishment of a department of performance contracting, disaster and emergency services by the county executive. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

1.3.3 Other key climate actions/strategies in the County Kitui County has made a considerable stride in addressing the key energy gaps through the Kitui County Energy Outlook and Kitui County Energy Masterplan. The plan outlines the status of energy access in Kitui County and has identified priority actions. It proposes strategies to effectively provide access to clean energy solutions in all sectors of the economy including at the household level. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

2.0 POLICY ENVIRONMENT

2.1 National Policy Context

2.1.1 The National Perspective Climate change is a global challenge that requires a multidisciplinary coordinated effort. The International political response to climate change begun with the adoption of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. The convention sets out the framework for international co-operation to combat climate change by limiting average global temperature increases and resulting climate change, and coping with impacts that were, by then, inevitable. By 1995, countries launched negotiations to strengthen the global response to climate change, and two years later, adopted the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol legally binds developed country Parties to emission reduction targets. There are now 197 Parties to the Convention and 192 Parties to Kyoto Protocol. The 2015 Paris Agreement marks the latest step in the evolution of the UN climate change regime and builds on the work undertaken under the Convention. The Paris Agreement charts a new course in the Global effort to combat climate change. Kenya is a low-income, predominantly rural country located in East Africa. Its climate risk context is predominantly characterized by aridity, dry spells, floods, drought, desertification, sea- level rise, heat waves, and extreme weather. Around 3.1 million Kenyans are directly affected by climate variability and change, due mainly to the effects of floods, droughts, and food insecurity. In order to reduce its vulnerability to climate change, Kenya has set a number of ambitious targets to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 30-35% below 2015 levels by 2030, as set out in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Additionally, Kenya has committed to increasing renewable energy production from 10% to 20% of the total national electricity mix by 2030 and to expanding its renewable electricity production capacity from 310MW in 2018 to at least 740MW by 2030. Finally, the country has also expressed a strong intent to conserve ecosystems, increase green infrastructure, promote sustainable land use and agriculture, and invest in adaptation patterns. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

2.1.2 National Legal and Policy Framework Globally, Kenya is a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. Considerable efforts have been made to integrate climate change considerations into the country’s policies and programmes. Kenya’s NCCAP (2018-2022) aims at achieving a low carbon climate resilient development pathway through mitigation and adaptation strategies. The NCCAP provides a range of actions to reduce GHGs emissions within the agriculture sector, Industry and manufacturing sector, including agroforestry, sustainable land management, and efficiency in livestock management. The NCCAP further calls for adaptation strategies including increased water harvesting, sustainable land management. Several other climate related legislations and policy frameworks that guide the Kenya climate change landscape. Some of these critical legislations have existed longer and they include; The Constitution 2010, Kenya Vision 2030 (2008) and its Medium Term Plans, Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (2017-2016), National Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022), National Climate Change Response Strategy (2010), Climate Risk Management Framework (2017), Kenya National Determine Contribution (NDC) (2016), National Climate Change Policy (2016), Climate Change Act (No 11 of 2016), National Adaptation Plan (NAP) (2015-2030), National Climate Change Finance Framework Policy (2018), Public Finance Management (Climate Change Funds) Regulation (2018), Sustainable Waste Management Act 2022, Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) (2015), The Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (2010-2020) and the County Governments Act (2012).

2.1.2.1 Constitution of Kenya, 2010 Article 42 of CoK 2010, provides for the right to clean and healthy environment for every Kenyan. This includes the right to have the environment protected for the benefit of the present and future generations, thereby establishing commitment to ecologically sustainable development. Further, Articles 2(5) and 2(6) of the CoK also provide for the rules of international laws and any treaty ratified by Kenya shall form part of the domestic legal system. Thus, the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, which provide for Kitui County Climate Change Action plan commitments made by countries towards Climate Change Assessment Actions form part of Kenyan Laws.

2.1.2.2 Climate Change Act, 2016 The main objective of this law is to enhance climate change resilience and low carbon development for sustainable development in Kenya. The Act establishes institutional structures including the Climate Change Fund, National Climate Change Council headed by the president of Kenya as well as the Climate Change Directorate. The Council is the overarching national institution on climate change with a role of providing strategic and policy direction for climate change to national and county governments as well as to manage the climate change fund established under the Act.

2.1.2.3 National Climate Change Response Strategy This was the first national planning document addressing the threats posed by climate change while at the same time taking advantage of potential climate change related opportunities. Its long-term strategy was to be implemented from 2010-2030 strengthening and focusing on national wide actions towards Climate Change assessments and adaptations and GHG emissions mitigation by ensuring commitment and engagement of all stakeholders in view of the vulnerable nature of Kenya’s natural resources and society. The National Climate Change Response Strategy provided a framework for integrating climate concerns into development priorities, government planning and budgeting.

2.1.2.4 National Climate Change Action Plan The 2013-2017 Action plan was developed with the aim of implementing the National Climate Change Response Strategy. Envisaged as the first series of 5year action plans, the documents aimed to further the country’s sustainable development goals through setting out priority adaptation, mitigation and enabling actions and promoting mainstreaming of climate change actions into development planning and budgeting process. The objective of the first plan was to encourage low carbon climate resilient development throughout the country. The second action plan 2018-2022 aimed to further Kenya’s development by providing mechanisms and measures to achieve low carbon Kitui County Climate Change Action plan climate resilient development in a manner that prioritizes adaptation. It also considers the impact of climate change on Kenya’s socio-economic sectors and further identify strategic areas where climate action can be linked to the vision 2030 strategic goals.

2.1.2.5 National Climate Change Framework Policy, 2018 The document provides a framework to guide the development and implementation of detailed climate change interventions listed in the climate change action plans. The policy aims to integrate climate change considerations into planning, budgeting, implementation and decision making at the national and county level and across all sectors. It also established a funding mechanism and strategy that enables implementation of priority actions for climate resilience adaptive capacity and low-carbon growth.

2.1.2.6 National Adaptation Plan (2015-2030) National Adaptation Plan details institutional arrangements, including monitoring and evaluation process. It also provides and analysis of the current a d future climate trends in Kenya, highlighting key institutional and policy coordination relevant to climate change and presents climate risk profile for the country. It further identifies priority actions in key planning sectors for the short, medium and long in line with the country’s development plan.

2.1.2.7 Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy (2017-2026) The broad objective of the strategy is to adapt to climate change resilience of agriculture systems while minimizing emissions for enhanced food and nutritional security and improved livelihoods. In this respect the strategy aims at enhancing the adaptive capacity and resilience of the actors in the agriculture sector by addressing cross cutting issues that adversely impact climate -smart agriculture. The strategy recognizes the role of the Climate Change Act and NAP in improving coordination and collaboration among institutions and stakeholders in climate smart agriculture.

2.1.2.8 Climate Risk Management Framework (2017) Outlines the government intention to harmonize its climate change and disaster risk policies. According to the framework, there are ten priority areas that overlap between climate change and disaster risk policies. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

2.1.2.9 National Climate Finance Policy To finance these laws and policies, the country adopted the National Climate Finance Policy that aims to improve the nation’s ability to mobilize, track and effectively manage climate change finances through enhances mobilization of climate finance that contribute to low-carbon.

2.1.2.10 Education Sector Disaster Management Policy The Ministry of Education developed this policy which primarily underscores the importance of early warning systems and coordination during Disaster Risk Management activities within the education sector. The policy also emphasizes the role of educational institutions in providing physical psychological protection to the affected as well as the importance of their reconstruction in times of disasters.

2.1.2.11 Sustainable Waste Management Act, 2022 The Act provides for the management of waste through segregation and establishment of the Material Recovery Facilities (Facilities) that will help reduce the amount of waste deposited at the site. The MRFs will act as central places where waste collected will be further sorted to enhance reduction, recycling and re-use generating a circular economy. The aftermath is reduced GHG emissions within the county Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

2.1.2.12 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999 Rev 2015 It is an act of the Kenyan Parliament that provides a legal framework for environmental management and conservation, including climate change mitigation and adaptation. The act provides for the establishment of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) which is responsible for coordinating and supervising all matters related to the environment. The Act provides for environmental protection through; Environmental impact assessment, Environmental audit and monitoring and Environmental restoration orders, conservation orders, and easements.

2.2. County Enabling Legal & Policy Framework Through the constitution of Kenya 2010, county governments are mandated to legislate over the county devolved functions and domesticate national laws to guide in the development of the county. The county of Kitui has embraced this mandate through the formulation of the following legal frameworks.

2.2.1 Kitui County Integrated Development Plan (C.I.D.P. 2023 – 2027) The 5-year plan integrates the long-term spatial, sector and urban plans with inputs from the Governor’s manifesto, national government plans and programs, past county development performance and the views and expectations of other development actors and the public at large. The CIDP sets the priorities and guides all county government spending and various sectors. The CIDP was crucial in aligning key climate change priority actions The CIDP (2023-2027) has identified climate change with all its manifestations as a key hindrance to the county development and the need to mainstream it in various county plans such as the County Spatial Plan (CSP) as well as Cities and Urban Areas Plan which are the basis for county budgeting and expenditures.

2.2.2 Kitui County Climate Change Fund Regulations, 2018. In addition to the CIDP, the County Government of Kitui enacted the Kitui County Climate Change Fund Regulations in 2018 to give effect to section 19 of the national Climate Change Act, 2016. This operationalized Kitui County Climate Change Fund (KCCCF) and Kitui County Climate Change Action plan put in place structures for implementing county specific climate actions. The regulations established the County Climate Change Steering Committee (KCCCSC), County Climate Change Technical Committee (KCCCTC) and Ward Climate Change Planning teams (WCCPTs) in the county wards.

2.2.3 Kitui County Environment and Climate Change policy, 2023. Early 2023, the county passed the Kitui County Environment and Climate Change Policy (KCECCP) to give impetus to the existing frameworks. These structures have placed Kitui County in a vantage position in mobilizing resources and/or building partnerships for implementation of adaptation and mitigation programmes and projects to build resilience of her citizens against the effects of climate change. The Kitui county environment and climate change policy 2023 recognizes the impacts of climate change on the key sectors of development namely; water, health, education, agriculture, livestock, infrastructure, transport, and communication including sports and culture. The policy outlines inadequate policies and regulatory frameworks in addition to low community adaptive capacity to climate change as the biggest challenge in building resilience to climatic shocks. The policy recommends structured community capacity building including strengthening of human and ecosystem resilience and deliberately moving to mobilize resources towards climate change actions.

2.2.4 Kitui County Charcoal Management Act, 2014. This Act is formulated to regulate and manage the production, use and trade of charcoal in Kitui County. It establishes the County Charcoal Management Committee. The act strives to enhance the sustainable use, conservation and management of forests and trees; to promote the participation of the communities, private sector and other stakeholders in forest management; conserve water catchment areas; promote dry land forestry; produce wood fuel, charcoal and non-wood forest products; promote forest extension to enable farmers and other forest stakeholders to benefit from forest management approaches and technologies and; promote climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. All commercial charcoal producers are required to organize themselves in charcoal producers associations. The Act defines the functions of such associations and Kitui County Climate Change Action plan provides with respect to their formation and licensing. The Act also provides responsibilities of the charcoal transporters association and the formation of an enforcement team.

2.2.5 Kitui County Climate Change Unit. To further give effect to section 19 of the national Climate Change Act, 2016. The county government of Kitui has established the Kitui county Climate Change Unit. The unit is headed by the director in charge of climate change and domiciled in the Ministry of Energy, Environment, Climate Change, Forestry, Natural and Mineral Resources. The unit is composed of technical officers from the county climate sensitive departments of water, agriculture, livestock, forestry, public health and economic planning. In addition the unit has also the environmental and social focal point officers. The role of the unit is to spearhead locally led climate change actions, support county departments in mainstreaming climate change actions into their planning processes and overall coordination of climate change programmes in the county both from the county government and non-state actors. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 3. Priority Climate Change Actions

3.1 Identification of strategic climate action priorities in the PCRA Priority strategic actions were identified in the PCRA process through a combination of community participatory tools including interview surveys, inputting and validation workshops. By exploring local perceptions of climate-related risks, the PCRA process identified climate solutions that are best suited to each specific context. The process also employed quantitative methods such as cost-benefit analyses to identify the most effective and feasible climate strategies for a given area. This helped to ensure that the selected actions will provide the most benefit in terms of long-term climate risk reduction, cost-effectiveness, and/or short-term emissions reduction.

3.1.2 Priority County Climate Change Actions 3.1.2. 1 Environment and Natural resources Sector Kitui county economy primarily depends on natural resources where over 95% of the population live in rural areas and derive their livelihoods mainly from these resources. The environment and natural resources have in the past years been under threat due to overexploitation to meet basic needs, negative coping mechanisms such as charcoal production and shift cultivation practices. The situation is aggravated by the rising poverty levels. Climate change and variability are likely to increase the pressure that environment and Natural resources are already facing; Intervention proposed will include:- Reforestation of Degraded Forests  Undertake mapping out of degraded forest hotspots in county for rehabilitation;  Develop participatory management plans for all forests in the county  Develop a comprehensive afforestation plan of all county forests with an emphasis on indigenous tree species;  Upscale the current Programme on greening of urban centers including schools, hospitals and roads;  Develop specific county forest management plans in every county gazetted forest;  FastTrack gazettment of county forest and hilltops for conservation; Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Initiate/Strengthen early warning systems in reduction of fire outbreaks (fire towers, fire drills).  Mapping of biodiversity in all forests in the county  Promote tree growing in county forests through establishment of community cooperatives, self-help groups and Community Based Organizations  Capacity building and sensitization of communities on restoration of degraded lands and forests conservation Re-Afforestation of Degraded Lands  Develop guidelines that restrict cultivation on 450 elevated land to prevent soil erosion and loss of biodiversity  Promote forest management through natural regeneration  Capacity building of community on tree nursery establishment and management as an alternative source of livelihood  Restoration of forests/woodlands on the degraded rangelands through tree growing of climate adaptive species and in-situ and ex-situ water conservation to create favorable conditions for regeneration of indigenous tree; and  Strengthening capacity of communities living adjacent to forests on forest management;  Identification and Protection of Significant environmental Ecosystems such as springs, riverine areas, wetlands and watersheds;  Support Nature based livelihood solutions suitable for the environment including bee keeping, commercialize plants of medicinal value, tree crops and forages of economic value;  Promote urban greening in towns to enhance clean air and a conducive environment for business  Facilitate surface/flood water harvesting technologies;  Provision of services that will promote the utilization of local raw materials such as hides and skins; and  Support alternative livelihood opportunities to charcoal/firewood as a source of income. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Protection of riparian ecosystems  Restore riverbanks and construct check dams to control soil erosion.  Regulate and streamline management of sand harvesting in rivers and streams.  Train and capacity build communities on riverine protection and buffer zones.  In collaboration with water resource authority undertake pegging of riparian zones. Enhancement of environmental management  Promote enforcement and compliance of environmental laws and regulations.  promote environmental education and awareness and intensify environmental conservation efforts  Promote and enhance environmental safeguards in all the new projects and programs such as EIAs and EA  Promote sustainable management of waste including promotion of reduce, reuse and recycle of waste.  Promote closed/circular economic models in production models.  Promote environmental education and awareness in schools and other institutions;  Reinforce the authority of traditional natural resource management system that promote sound environmental practices.

3.1.2.2 Agriculture and Water Sector The economy of the County is dependent on agriculture, which contributes to rural employment, food production and rural incomes. The sector plays a major role by contributing about 87.3% of income earned by the rural population. Agricultural production in the county is mainly rain dependent with the rains received annually ranging from 500-700mm and not able to support crops to reach maturity thus limiting agricultural production in the County. This coupled with effects of climate change is adversely affecting the agricultural production. This action plan proposes the following Interventions in the sector. Scale out already positive Adaptation Actions production Systems such as:-  Promotion of community-based adaptation strategies, like seed bulking of drought Kitui County Climate Change Action plan tolerant traditional food crops with greater adaptations to extreme temperatures and rainfall events;  Promotion of Conservation Agriculture (CA) to achieve sustainable production through the application of the four CA principles of No till, Farming Gods way, permanent soil cover and crop rotation;  Promote crop insurance to cushion farmers against climate related shocks;  Provision of financial and technical assistance to expand area under high value traditional drought tolerant crops (DTC) and Orphaned crops; and  Support to peer-to-peer learning through the famer field school approach and farmer field shows. Enhancing climate smart land-based practices This involves increasing agricultural productivity through adoption of various technologies and practices that enhance the adaptive capacity of farmers to climatic stresses such as low soil fertility, erratic rainfall, low soil moisture content, increased temperatures, outbreak of pests and diseases among others. Some of the strategies proposed are:-  Assessment of the status agro-forestry and water harvesting structures and make recommendations for scaling out; and  Promotion of agro-ecology to increase rainwater infiltration, reduced floods, increase soil fertility and improve soil ecology.  Promote climate smart pasture development;  Promote on-farm water harvesting technologies such as farm ponds, retention ditches bunds, stone bunds, grass strips, contour levelling and terracing;  Promote growing of drought tolerant short cycle food crops such as sorghum, millet and short cycle crops such cow peas and green grams;  Promote seed bulking and village seed banks for traditional crops;  Promote construction of mega dams for surface water harvesting and drilling of boreholes  Promote supplemental and precision irrigation technologies to conserve water and increase output per unit such as drip irrigation systems and hydroponic systems; Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Promotion of appropriate water harvesting technology for household level crop production; Kitchen gardens, shade nets, sustainable green houses and Zai Pits. Reduce post-harvest losses of produce. A lot of produce is lost due to poor handling of the produce during harvesting from the farm and subsequent storage. The action plan proposes the following interventions to address these gaps.  Train farmers on the right periods of harvesting, drying, treatment and preliminary handling of produce before storage;  Train farmers on pest control and storage facility conditions;  Strengthen community groups for collective marketing and negotiation; and  Formation of cooperatives to enhance service delivery and marketing channels. Improve Extension services through:-  Strengthening of agricultural extension services including E-extension to mainstream climate change information and technologies into the farming system;  Community capacity building on climate change adaptation;  provision of climate information to farmers for timely planting and harvesting; and  Establish climate resilience resource centers for technology and knowledge transfer. Livelihood Diversification.  Support value addition to agricultural products and financial support for investment in agro processing through cooperatives;  Promote weather nondependent livelihoods such as mining, weaving, construction industry, brick making and pottery.  Promote establishment of SMES; and  Promote the jua kali and transport sector through loans and grants. Livestock and Apiculture production Livestock is a key potential sector as demonstrated by the 177,701 households that practice it. The main livestock types kept in the County are cattle (beef and dairy), goats (meat and dairy), sheep and poultry (indigenous and exotic). Farmers have also ventured Kitui County Climate Change Action plan into apiculture. The interventions proposed by the action plan include:- Livestock Breed Upgrade  Management and conservation of drought tolerant livestock breeds suitable for the County ecosystems;  Promotion of economic diversification among livestock farmers (emerging livestock / game farming;  Promote livestock artificial insemination services; Improve livestock production systems.  Strengthen insurance for livestock;  Promote commercial pasture production, seed banks and strategic feed reserves including alternative feed resources as part of contingency planning;  Enhance extension services including E-extension;  Capacity building on livestock / livestock by-products value addition and production system that responds to market demand; and  Promote fodder and pasture production including harvesting and storage. Apiculture Promote bee keeping in the county through:  Capacity build of farmers in various issues of management especially hive stocking through colony division, queen rearing  Avail high quality hives and other equipment through training of artisans on hive making, making of bee suits, smokers, and swarm catcher boxes among other issues  Capacity build both staff and farmers on hive products value addition to maximize on farmers returns  Promote and strengthen bee keeping farmer organization eg famer groups and SACCOs to improve on aggregation and market linkages and ensure good prices for honey and other hive products Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Promote the capacity of bee keepers SACCOs to purchase honey through provision of loans/grants and capacity building on finance and SACCO management.  Create honey quality control center(lab) in the county to fight against adulteration of honey which is very common  Operationalize the 16 existing honey collection and processing centers  Fund farmer exchange tours for bench marking purposes Integrated Watershed Management  Water resource mapping, documentation and dissemination of necessary information to stakeholders for inclusion in their planning and interventions;  Promotion of water harvesting, retention and re-charge technologies through construction of various water harvesting structures such as sand dams, pans, dams, rock catchments, under-ground tanks, spate-irrigation and roof catchment to ensure availability of water during drought season;  Establish strategic and contingency boreholes ;  Conserve water catchment areas/watersheds, rivers banks, spring / water ways and flood plains from degradation and contamination;  Develop water catchment and sub catchment management action plans;  Enforcement and or enactment of laws for environmental compliance including (water policy and bill, Enactment of Water Act,/EMCA);  Conduct regular water quality testing & monitoring based on WRA / NEMA guidelines; In- stall hydrometric network to monitor river flows and flood warning; and  Promote conservation and use/recycling technologies that increases water use efficiency. Strengthen water schemes management.  Enhance the capacity of water resource user associations / WUAs on water harvesting, storage, conservation measures and maintenance and operations;  Review and update water & sanitation training manuals to strengthen WUAs/WRUAs;  Reduce water losses and non-revenue water  Facilitate formation and strengthening of existing of Water Service Providers; and train Kitui County Climate Change Action plan on operation and management of facilities.  Enhance financial accountability of water schemes;  Mainstream Climate Change into all water resource management plans and actions. Promote Sanitation and Hygiene  Develop and connect the urban population to proper sewerage systems;  Increasing urban & rural domestic water supplies & urban sewage services to help combating water borne diseases, their social & economic impacts;  Improve access to clean water and sanitation facilities to limit outbreaks of water borne diseases;  Community awareness for promotion of better hygiene;  Heightened surveillances of new disease outbreaks with subsequent rapid responses to control epidemics;  Promotion of vaccination and immunization campaigns against diseases aggravated by cli-mate change and climate variability; and  Formulation of relevant policies and guidelines to ensure sustainable water management.

3.1.2.3 Energy sector The core sources of energy in Kitui County are biomass, which is mainly in the form of firewood particularly within rural areas while in urban centers it is sold and used as charcoal. There are other Petroleum products such as kerosene/paraffin, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), motor gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, electricity and biogas. To enhance energy access and conservation the action plan proposes the following interventions. Improve Access and conservation of energy  Promote hybridization of water source pumping systems;  Enhance solar electrification program to meet public institutions and rural households’ energy demand;  Promotion of clean energy efficient cook stoves to reduce demand on biomass energy  Installation of improved institutional cook stoves to reduce GHG emissions to take advantage of carbon markets; Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Develop green energy (wind and solar) through private public partnerships sector investment;  Implement the Kitui county energy masterplan priority actions;  Investments in renewable energy technologies (briquettes, bio-gas);  Investments in efficient and sustainable charcoal production through conservation technologies;  Promotion of LP gas for cooking, florescent light bulbs used by households through subsidies and or tax waivers;

3.1.2.4 Social Protection and Education Sector.  Strengthening disaster preparedness through contingency plans and budget;  Adoption and dissemination of climate change information such as early warning systems;  Support spatial planning in urban centers and areas prone to disasters;  Promote inclusion of marginalized and vulnerable populations into development programmes;  Establishment of disaster management response committee in towns and municipalities;  Promote access to education through pro-poor education bursary fees; and  Promote access to affordable and sustainable preprimary education.

3.1.2.5 Health services sector The wellbeing of the people is a key drive towards building climate resilience of the community. It is the anchor upon which other development actions can be implemented and should be a drive for any action plan. This action plan proposes the following interventions to achieve this agenda. Promote preventive services.  Improve access to clean water and sanitary facilities to limit outbreaks of water borne dis-eases and awareness promotion on better hygiene;  Strengthen participatory community dialogues surveillances actions of new disease outbreaks and rapid responses to control them;  Promote food security and nutrition of the population especially the under five years; Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Promote community health worker services at village level; engage CHVs at village levels to create civic awareness on health related issues, and  Promotion of vaccination and immunization campaigns against diseases aggravated by climate change and climate variability.  Prioritize UHC (Universal Health Coverage) in partnership with National Government.  Promote Research on new treatment technologies  Upgrading the KCRH and Existing health facilities to level 2 , 3 , 4 and 5  Mobile clinics ,outreaches and inreaches to undeserved areas  Develop and implement polices to address public health issues. Improve treatment and curative services.  Enhance access and supply of medical drugs in all the health facilities;  Enhance medical support diagnostic services through procurement of equipment and machines;  Increase access to ambulance services for referral cases;  Increase number of medical specialists and consultants for complicated cases;

3.1.2.6 Transport, ICT, Trade, and Industry Sector. Transport and communication infrastructure is an enabler to access to other development services. Enhanced transport and communication infrastructure will build the climate change resilience capacities of the communities. This action plan takes cognizance of this and proposes the following actions.  Assessment of status of the County roads network to determine impact of climate change on their condition including storm water drainage systems.  Provide for contingency funds for roads maintenance in the event of disasters occasioned by climate related events such as flash floods;  Promote construction of climate proofed Road construction technologies and designs including bridges and drifts;  Periodic maintenance/unclogging of road drains in urban areas.  Assess and document network stability of existing communication service providers; and  Promote access to fiber optic network for data access. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

4.0 DELIVERY MECHANISMS FOR COUNTY CLIMATE ACTION PLAN

4.1 Enabling Factors To reap the benefits of Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan, there is a need for involvement and commitment of all the stakeholders. Partnerships between the National government and county government need to be strengthened and maintained. Synergies must be created between county departments for successful implementation. 4.1.1Enabling Policy and Regulation The County Assembly of Kitui has established the committee on environment that will be oversighting the implementation of this action plan and allocate resources for its full implementation. On the other hand, The County Executive has established the department of environment, Climate change and forestry where climate change unit is domiciled. The climate change unit is charged with the responsibility of coordinating the implementation of this action plan including resource mobilization and reporting. The County has developed Kitui Climate Change Fund Regulations, 2018 and Kitui County Environment and Climate Change Policy 2023. The fund regulations outlines provisions upon which climate change actions will be financed. The regulations require that the county government allocates 2% of her annual development budget to the climate fund. The regulations have additionally established county climate change fund management structures. These structures (County climate change fund steering committee, county climate change fund technical committee and ward climate change planning teams) ensure effective implementation of this action plan. The KCECCP,2023 objective is to build resilience and enhanced adaptive capacity of human and ecosystem, ensure effective information management and dissemination system (including early warning alerts), enhance county resource mobilisation capacity for climate change financing and promote robust mechanisms for collaboration that facilitate County Climate Change research and development.

4.1.2 Mainstreaming in the CIDP Kitui County is extremely vulnerable to climate change. The production systems are climate sensitive, and large segment of the population is least able to buffer and bounce Kitui County Climate Change Action plan back from climatic stress. To respond to this situation, the CIDP has factored mainstreaming of climate change action across all the sectors of the livelihoods of the people. Proposed interventions in the Environment, Agriculture, Water and public health sectors points towards this mainstreaming. The CIDP proposes to have the following sector specific adaptation strategies as enlisted below; Environment  Afforestation and restoration of degraded ecosystem  Watershed management plans  Climate information service system  Legislative framework development  Adoption of green energy sources Water  Construction of sand dams  Construction of sump wells  Landscape restoration  Excavation of earth dams  Construction of rock water catchments.  Development and implementation of water sub-catchment management plans (SCMPS)  Spring water protection  Capacity building of water resource users’ associations (WRUA’S) Agriculture  Drought-tolerant crops  Conservation agriculture ( No till)  Agroforestry  soil conservation. Public Health Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Increasing and capacity building of health personnel  Provision of drugs  Improving accessibility to health facilities  Recruitment and training of CHV’s  Equipping of health facilities  Promote sustainable waste management practices.  Promotion of disease surveillance and monitoring systems,  Promotion of mobile clinics

4.1.3 Multi-stakeholder participation processes Kitui County Climate Change Action Plan involved multi-stakeholder participation. The process involved engagement of various stakeholders from different sectors in the development and validation stages of the plan. This was done to ensure a wide range of perspectives, expertise, and interests are considered, and that the resulting plan reflects the needs and priorities of the local community in the county. The stakeholders identified included County government line departments such as Agriculture, Livestock, Health, Water and sanitation, Finance and economic planning. National government agencies that work closely with the climate change unit i.e. Kenya Meteorological Department, NEMA, National Drought Management Authority (NDMA), Kenya Forest Service (KFS), and KEFRI among others. Local community groups such as Ward Climate Change Planning Committees, Community forest associations and water resource users associations. Academic institutions including SEKU and KEWI, non- governmental organizations (NGOs), private sector and CBOs. The CCCAP was prepared by following an 8 step development process that involved; Review of key documents This involved review of all the necessary available information to ensure effective action planning and alignment of the county action plans to national plans. The documents reviewed included NCCFP-2018,CSAS 2017-2026,NAP 2015-2030,EMCA 1999,NCCCA,2016, NCCAP, NDC’S, CISP, CIDP, kitui County Energy Outlook and PCRA Report. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Collection of public input Technical WG developed a communique that summarized: the content of the climate risk assessment, the strategic adaptation priority areas and proposed investment types for presentation to the public. The modalities for public input was done through sub-county public participation workshops and radio talk shows. The public workshops brought together different interest groups including community representatives (women, youth, PWD and elderly), ward climate change planning committee representatives, civil society organizations, faith-based organizations, gender interest groups, government agencies, and research organizations. Drafting of the 1st CCCAP document Based on the inputs received from stakeholders through Participatory Climate Risk Assessment with the support of technical experts, the first draft of the County Climate Change Action Plan was developed. This plan outlines the goals, objectives, strategies, and specific priority actions to address climate change challenges within Kitui County. The CCCAP 1st draft included key parameters such as timing, actors responsible for various actions, sub-actions, budget, and key performance indicators. In addition, the draft CCCAP reflected the principles for locally led climate action, and explicitly addressed the climate resilience needs and priorities of women, youth, ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities, marginalized and vulnerable groups. Validation of the 1st CCCAP The validation workshop was held at the county level and involved multi-sectoral experts and a representation of participants from women, youth, ethnic minorities, people with disabilities. Draft CCCAP was presented for analysis and validation to ensure quality control by addressing gaps in the plan and refining proposed actions based on realistic situational assessment drawn from the PCRA report. Public feedback This involved circulation of the validated draft plan to a list of identified stakeholders, including CSOs, community representatives and ward climate change planning committees. This provided a critical opportunity for professional experts, officers and neighboring counties to make comments, suggestions, and recommendations on Kitui County Climate Change Action plan transboundary climate risk management actions. Detailed public feedback collected from various stakeholder groups supported drafting of the final CCCAP. Development of the Final CCCAP Based on the material put together in steps 4 and 5, the CCCAP technical working group convened to finalize drafting of the document. At this stage, an implementation framework or matrix and summary budget projections for delivering the plan were developed. Presentation of CCCAP to CEC The final draft CCCAP was submitted to the County Executive Committee for consideration of approval. Presentation of CCCAP to CA The County Executive Committee submitted the approved CCCAP 2023-2027 to the County Assembly for adoption. This was done because the County Assembly oversees reporting on implementation of climate change activities by executive and approves the county budget, which includes the CCCF allocation.

4.1.4 Finance - County Climate Change Fund The environment in which resources are mobilized is increasingly competitive given the rise of numerous development actors coupled with scarcity of resources resulting from the recent global economic crisis. In order for our county to take advantage of these opportunities, the right institutional and financial mechanisms must be in place so that resources are directed efficiently toward county climate and development priorities. The purpose of this County climate change Action Plan is to improve our ability to mobilize and effectively manage and track adequate and predictable climate change finance. This plan sets out a guiding framework to enhance our county financial systems and institutional capacity to effectively access, disburse, absorb, manage, monitor and report on climate finance in a transparent and accountable manner. This plan is county’s third step towards a coordinated effort to identify, attract and use climate finance to further climate change and sustainable development goals. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan The kitui County Government Climate Change Unit has established the Kitui County Climate Change Fund (KCCCF) which is a distinctive fund established specifically to finance tangible climate change adaptation programmes and projects that meet the felt needs of the people of Kitui County based on their views and priorities. The Kitui County Climate Change Fund (KCCCF) is a depository for funds solicited from development partners including National Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), national and international civil society organizations (NGOs and INGOs), bilateral and multilateral development partners. The County Government will continue to support the fund from its internal resources, especially staff time, to ensure sustainability of the projects initiated. An extract of the establishment of the county climate change fund is hereby presented below Extract 1: County climate change fund The Kitui County Climate Change Fund is established under the Kitui County Climate change fund regulations 2018. Sources of the fund shall include— 1. monies appropriated by the Kitui County Assembly; 2. grants and donations; 3. endowments and bequests; 4. monies from any other source as approved by the County Executive Committee Member for the time being responsible for County Treasury; and The purpose of the Fund shall be— 1. to finance climate change resilience and its assessment; 2. to finance implementation of approved climate change projects; 3. to finance monitoring and evaluation exercises including documentation, photography and video recording of climate change projects; 4. for administrative costs which shall not exceed three percent of the total fund per financial year; 5. capacity building activities at county level, national level and international level as approved by the Steering Committee; and Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 6. To provide funding for integration and mainstreaming of climate change programs, actions, interventions and duties as identified in the Kitui County Integrated Development Plan, the Climate Change Act, 2016, the National Climate Change Action Plan and for connected purposes.

4.1.5 Governance - County Government Structures. The county government of Kitui is headed by the governor deputized by the deputy governor. The county governance is further downscaled to 10 ministries namely ministry of finance, economic planning and revenue management; ministry of water and irrigation; ministry of health and sanitation; ministry of education, training and skills development; ministry for culture, gender, youth, ICT, Sports and social services; ministry of trade, industry, MSMEs, innovation and cooperatives; ministry of roads, public works and transport; ministry of lands, housing and urban development; and the ministry of energy, environment, climate change, forestry, Natural and mineral resources. The ministries are headed by the respective county executive committee members. There are 26 county departments headed by the chief officers.

4.1.6 Governance - Climate Change Planning Committees The Kitui County Climate Change Fund regulations 2018 establishes the Kitui County Climate Change Technical Committee. The technical committee is composed of (a) Chief Officer for the time being responsible for Environment and Natural Resources, who shall be the chair, Committee (b) Chief Officer for the time being responsible for County Treasury; (c) Chief Officer for the time being responsible for Agriculture, Water and Livestock Development; (d) One representative of the youth; (e) One representative of women; (f) One representative of persons living with disability; (g) Two representatives from development partners actively involved in climate change work in the County; (h) One representative of the National Drought Management Authority; (i) One representative of the National Environmental Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Management Authority; (j) One representative of the Kenya Meteorological Services; (k) One representative of the Kenya Forest Research Institute; (1) The Fund Administrator who shall be the Secretary to the committee; and (m) One representative of the Teams. (2) The members of the Technical Committee shall be appointed by the County Executive Committee Member for the time being responsible for Environment and Natural Resources. The functions of the technical committee are — A) review, prioritize, and sequence projects and activities submitted by the Teams based on the approval criteria; b) Provide technical support to the Teams; c) Co-ordinate capacity building activities at ward and county levels; d) Review and evaluate project proposals received from the Teams; e) Submit the evaluated Teams' proposals to the Steering Committee; f) Oversee implementation of climate programs and projects; g) Develop quarterly progress reports to the Steering Committee; and h) Any other role assigned to it by the Steering Committee. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

4.1.7 Climate Information Services & Climate Data Access

4.1.7.1 Kitui County Climatic Conditions Kitui county is an Arid and Semi-Arid Land (ASAL); prone to frequent droughts due to unreliable and erratic rainfall. The county experiences two rainy seasons in a year. The long rains are experienced during the March-April-May season with the volume of rainfall averaging at 125mm over the last five years while the short rains are experienced during the October-November-December season with higher volumes of precipitation being realized with a five-year average of 350mm. The mean annual temperatures in Kitui range from 25 Degrees Celsius to 28 Degrees Celsius over the last 5 years.

4.1.7.2 General Use of Climate Information Services The county has climate service information plans. Climate information service plan provisions are used to inform decisions in many areas:- Farmers use this information in making decisions on when and what to plant. Business community use climate information services to forecast energy demand, predict customer buying habits, and create strategies for managing natural resources. County Government use climate information to predict and prepare for disasters, including El-nino, La-nina, floods, drought, and extreme temperatures. Climate information is also used to guide decisions related to public health, climate change policies, and conservation efforts.

4.1.7.3 Relevance of Climate Information under FLLoCA Climate information is essential in designing FLLoCA investments projects and programs. The programme objectives are geared towards adaptation and mitigation of climate change. In this regard, climate information will be used in designing projects on climate change adaptation, climate resilience, disaster risk management, early warning systems, climate resilient agriculture, water resource management and public health.

4.1.8 Resilience Planning Tools Climate-resilient planning uses different tools and incorporates climate resilient concepts across sectors to aid in designing resilience projects among communities. The approach Kitui County Climate Change Action plan used in this action plan was largely driven by the smart climate approach geared towards creating opportunities for low-carbon pathways. While planning for the resilience projects the team focused on the six principles of building community resilience namely, prioritization of the community needs and allocating resources; inclusive targeting of communities and support communities to bounce back much faster; consideration of existing spatial plans and review where necessary; and involvement of all parties in undertaking their obligations. In the urban centers we employed the Multisector Evaluation Tool for identifying Resilience Opportunities (METRO) a tool that measures urban communities' resilience to climate change. The action process also used largely the participatory rural appraisal tools such as the historical hazard calendar, the seasonal calendar, the social resource maps and Venn diagram. The ward climate change action plans will also be key planning tools.

4.1.9 Measurement, Reporting and Verification Planning is all important and a plan that has no provisions for measuring its success is not yet complete. In this regard this action plan will be measured and reported based on the county performance monitoring frameworks as developed by the ministry of finance, economic planning, and revenue management. The action indicators already identified in the action implementation matrix will be the used for measuring the success of the project against the target. Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

4.1.10 Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Table 1: Summary of Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Institutions Roles/ responsibilities Kitui County Climate Change Steering Committee  provide policy co-ordination for climate change planning and implementation in the County;  provide guidance on cross-ward and cross-county climate change projects and programs;  provide a forum of the key stakeholders on climate change in the County which shall comprise of representatives of the two levels of Government, financing partners and representatives of other stakeholde1Y,  mobilize funds and resources for projects and inter,'ertion.; approved by the Technical Committee;  promote climate change interventions advocacy among stakeholders in both levels of government;  review and make recommendations for adjustments to intermediate objectives and outputs of the climate change fund programmes on advice from the Technical Committee; approve all payments of climate 58 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan change funded projects and programs;  receive and approve project proposals for funding;  analyzing the progress report from the Technical Committee;  approve capacity building activities for the Steering Committee, Technical Committee and the Teams;  appoint ad hoc sub committees to support its operations; and  Perform any other duties that may arise from time to time. Kitui County Assemblies -Enactment of relevant laws and legislation oversight function Adoption of climate change action plan County Executive -Approval of the County Climate Change Action plan 59 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan County Climate Change Unit (CCCU) -Oversee and implement climate actions -Facilitate and coordinate planning and budgeting for County Climate Change Fund -Organize and facilitate community level participatory vulnerability and capacity assessment. -Facilitate and support ward -level climate risk vulnerability and capacity assessments -Facilitate and support ward-level consolations for the annual Climate Change Action Plans Ministry of Environment and Forestry, CCD -Promote the integration of environmental considerations into and NEMA development policies, plans, programs and projects. -Identify projects and programs for which environmental audit and monitoring must be conducted -Monitoring and assessing activities conducted. National Drought Management Authority -Resilience building in the entire PCRA process. 60 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan National Treasury and Planning -Strengthen financial and fiscal relations between national government and county government -Mobilizing domestic and external resources -Assist county governments to develop their capacity for efficient, effective and transparent financial management. Kenya Meteorological Department(KMD) -Provision of Climate Information for guiding sectoral planning 61 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

4.2 Implementation and Coordination Mechanisms

4.2.1 Directorate of Climate Change. The county climate change directorate is housed in the ministry of energy, environment, climate change, and forestry, natural and mineral resources. The directorate has other related functions of the ministry in the directorate of environment, climate, and forestry. The climate change unit is therefore coordinated through the office of the director environment and climate change and the climate change desk officer. The directorate his headed by the chief officer with climate change director leading the technical operations of the ministry.

4.2.2 County Climate Change Steering Committee There is established the Kitui County Climate Change Fund Steering Committee shall comprise of— County Executive Committee Member for the time being responsible for Environment and Natural Resources or a representative, who shall be the Chair; County Executive Committee Member for the time being responsible for County Treasury or a representative, who shall be the Secretary; County Executive Committee Member for the time being responsible for Agriculture, Water and Livestock Development or a representative; 1. The Fund Administrator; 2. The person in charge of legal matters in the County; 3. Two representatives of Public Benefits Organisations involved in climate change activities; 4. Kitui County Drought Co-ordinator of the National Drought Management Authority or a representative; 5. One representative of youth; 6. One representative of women; and 62 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 7. One representative of persons living with disability. 8. The Steering Committee may co-opt such members as may be required (3) The members under regulation 15 (l) (f), (h), (i), and (j) shall be appointed by the Governor. The functions of the Steering Committee are to :- 1. provide policy co-ordination for climate change planning and implementation in the County; 2. provide guidance on cross-ward and cross-county climate change projects and programs; 3. provide a forum of the key stakeholders on climate change in the County which shall comprise of representatives of the two levels of Govemment, financing partners and representatives of other stakeholde, 4. mobilize funds and resources for projects and inter,'ertion.; approved by the Technical Committee; 5. prohi0te climate change interventions advocacy among stakeholders in both levels of government; 6. review and make recommendations for adjustments to intermediate objectives and outputs of the climate change fund programmes on advice from the Technical Committee; approve all payments of climate change funded projects and programs; 7. receive and approve project proposals for funding; 8. analysing the progress report from the Technical Committee; 9. approve capacity building activities for the Steering Committee, Technical Committee and the Teams; 10. appoint ad hoc sub committees to support its operations; and 11. perform any other duties that may arise from time to time.

4.2.3 County Climate change technical committee 63 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan The Technical Committee is Composed of the (a) Chief Officer for the time being responsible for Environment and Natural Resources, who is the chair of the Committee and the following members 1. Chief Officer for the time being responsible for County Treasury; 2. Chief Officer for the time being responsible for Agriculture, Water and Livestock Development; (d) One representative of the youth; 3. One representative of women; 4. One representative of persons living with disability; 5. Two representatives from development partners actively involved in climate change work in the County; 6. One representative of the National Drought Management Authority; 7. One representative of the National Environmental Management Authority; 8. One representative of the Kenya Meteorological Services; 9. One representative of the Kenya Forest Research Institute; 10. The Fund Administrator who shall be the Secretary to the committee; and 11. (m) One representative of the Teams. 12. (2) The members of the Technical Committee shall be appointed by the County Executive Committee Member for the time being responsible for Environment and Natural Resources. The committee has the following responsibilities. 1. review, prioritize, and sequence projects and activities submitted by the Teams based on the approval criteria; 2. provide technical support to the Teams; 3. co-ordinate capacity building activities at ward and county levels; 4. review and evaluate project proposals received from the Teams; 5. submit the evaluated Teams' proposals to the Steering Committee; 64 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 6. oversee implementation of climate programs and projects; 7. develop quarterly progress reports to the Steering Committee; and 8. any other role assigned to it by the Steering Committee.

4.2.4 Ward climate change Planning teams There is established the Ward Climate Change Planning Team shall be composed of the following— 1. chairperson who shall be elected from among the members; 2. the Ward Administrator, who shall be the Secretary; 3. two youth representatives of opposite gender; 4. (one representative of women; 5. one representative of each of the three key economic activities in the ward; 6. a representative of people living with disability; a representative of religious groups; and two representatives of Community Based Organizations actively operating in the ward; The functions of the teams will be as presented below:- (a) mobilize and hold consultative meetings with communities together with relevant government planners, agencies and other relevant stakeholders (b) capacity build on the climate change within the community; (c) conduct participatory livelihood and local economy resilience assessments; (d) utilize the assessment reports to guide the community in project prioritization based on projects that will promote climate change resilience, growth and adaptive livelihoods; (e) prepare program and project proposals through aggregation and coordination of climate change resilience building needs after identification and prioritization through community participation; (f) prioritize proposals and submit them to the Technical Committee for evaluation and review; 65 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan monitor the implementation of prpjects under its supervision and ensure the service providers comply with the terms of the contract in accordance with the approved implementation monitoring plan and disbursement program for each project; (h) monitor implementation of climate change projects and programs; (i) recommend for payment of completed project; (i) carry out any other duty as may be required by the Technical Committee. 66 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

4.3 Implementation Matrix Table 2: Implementation Matrix Water Sector Strate Priority Expected Key Respons Targe INDICATIVE BUDGETS gic Actions Outputs/Out Perform ible ted Tot 23/ 24/ 25/ 26/ 27/ Object comes ance Institut Grou al 24 25 26 27 28 ives Indicato ions ps rs To Develop Irrigation Irrigated - Ministry - 260 400 400 500 500 800 enhance irrigation clusters area under of water Commu 0 and cluste development clusters and nity sustain irrigation irrigation. member crop (Ha) - National s producti Irrigation - on Board Farmers - NGOs - National Governme nt 67 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan ministry of water. Hybridiza Irrigation Irrigation 58 6.4 6.4 12.8 16 16 tion of clusters clusters irrigation Hybridization solarized clusters Develop Medium and Irrigated 350 0 50 100 100 100 ment of Large scale area under irrigation irrigation clusters schemes scheme irrigation development (Ha) Construct Construction of No. of 408 816 816 816 816 816 ion of 2,400no. sand sand 0 sand dams/sub dams/sub dams surface dams surface dams constructe d Establish Water No of 580 40 64 128 160 192 ment of harvesting for water water pans/Farm 68 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan harvestin kitchen garden Ponds g initiative Developed structure s Repair Irrigation No. 216 32 32 32 80 40 and clusters Irrigation rehabilita maintenance, clusters tion of repairs & repaired & irrigation rehabilitations rehabilitate clusters d 69 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Public Health Sector Strate Prior Expected Key Respons Targ Indicative Budget (KES million) gic ity Outputs/Out Performa ible eted Total 23/ 24/ 25/ 26/ 27/ Objecti Actio comes nce Instituti Grou 24 25 26 27 28 ves ns Indicator ons ps s  To - Install - Reduced - Number of -MOH - School 50M 10 M 10 M 10 M 10 M 10 M improve water and outbreaks of cases of - CIHEB going access to sanitary water borne water borne - PATH children clean facilities diseases and diseases - World - water and in public awareness reported. Vision Children sanitary institution promotion on - Number of Kenya under 5 facilities s. better hygiene; public years institutions - installed Women - with water - School 8M 1.6M 1.6M 1.6M 1.6M 1.6M Sensitizati facilities. Going on of Children communit - 70 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan ies on Children safe under 5 water and years proper - Youth disposal - Erderly of human - PLWD waste - Persons with Chronic diseases Enhanced - - Reduced - Quantity - MOH - 1750 350 350 350 350 350 access to Provision number of out of drugs - KEMSA Patients M M M M M M quality of drugs of stock days in procured health to all public health - Number of care in health facilities. facilities the facilities with county. enough drugs - Training - Enhanced - Number of - MOH - health 50M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M Health capacity of health care - CIHEB care 71 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan care health care workers - PATH workers workers workers trained - World Vision Kenya - Red Cross - AMREF - UNICEF - Mobile - Increased - Number of - MOH - 12.5M 2.5M 2.5M 2.5M 2.5M 2.5M clinics access to outreaches - Patients outreache healthcare in done. in s undeserved undeser areas ved areas - - Enhanced - Number of - MOH - 500M 100 100 100 100 100 Upgradin access to health Patients M M M M M g of healthcare facilities deservin Health services upgraded. g facilities specializ to level ed 2,3,4 services 72 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan To - Conduct - Reduced cases - Number of - MOH - 444.5 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 Promote communit of HH reached Commu M M M M M M communi y communicable with health nity ty health dialogues diseases in messages member services on health communities s talks sessions - Train - Enhanced - Number of - MOH - CHPs 30.5 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 CHPs capacity on CHPs - CMMB M M M M M CHPs trained - CIHEB - Conduct - More children - Reduced - MOH - 63M 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6 Outreach reached with Number of - Red cross Children M M M M M activities immunization cases of - World under 5 in hard- services. vaccine Vision years of to-reach preventable - AMREF age areas. diseases. - Pregnan t mothers 73 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Energy Sector Strate Prio Expected Key Responsi Targe Indicative Budget (KES gic rity Outputs/Outc Performa ble ted million) Objecti Acti omes nce Instituti Grou Tot 23/ 24/ 25/ 26/ 27/ ves ons Indicator ons ps al 24 25 26 27 28 s Promotio To Established No. of - Kitui - 50 10 10 10 10 10 n and establish energy centers energy Energy Commun adoption energy centres Center ity of centers. established - Members renewabl MEEFNMR e energy Install Increased No. of - - Urban 120 240 240 240 240 240 technolo and number of security MEEFNMR populatio 0 gies rehabilita Installed security lights n te lights installed security Rehabilitated No. of - - Urban 400 80 80 80 80 80 lights security lights lights MEEFNMR populatio rehabilitate n d Install Installed solar No. of solar - - 600 120 120 120 120 120 solar powered pumps powered MEEFNMR Commun 74 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan powered pumps ity pumps installed Members To Prepared PPA No. Of. - - 5 1 1 1 1 1 prepare and gazatted PPA, MEEFNMR Commun PPA and notice to Approval of ity gazette establish a power EOI, Members notice for plant(40 Mw Gazetteme establishi solar power plant nt of the ng solar establishment) notice to power establish plant the power plant Solarize Solarized No. of - - 100 50 50 masinga masinga and solar MEEFNMR Commun and kiambere water systems ity Kiambere pumbing system installed Members water pumping systems - Create Conducted No. of - - 200 40 40 40 40 40 awarenes sensitization sensitizatio MEEFNMR Commun 75 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan s on meetind on n meetings - KFS ity forest awareness on held - NGOs Members conservat forest ion and conservation & sustainab sustainable le biomass biomass utilization utilization - Conduct Reports No. of - - 5 1 1 1 1 1 research generated on research MEEFNMR Commun on Researchs on reports - SEKU ity Biomass Biomass prepared Members and sustainable & Utilization utilization - To Households with No.of - - 50 10 10 10 10 10 install Installed clean households MEEFNMR Commun clean cook installed - NGOs ity cook stoves(Sensitized with clean Members stoves and trainned on cook stoves the benefits) - To Conducted No. of - - 10 2 2 2 2 2 76 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan conduct community training MEEFNMR Commun communi trainings on conducted - NGOs ity ty Energy members trainings conservation and on efficiency Energy technologies Conserva tion and efficient technolog ies. - Develop Formulated No. of - - 25 5 5 5 5 5 policies policies on policies and MEEFNMR Commun on Energy regulating, ity energy management and No. of members manage Regulation reviews ment and regulatio n - Established No. of - Kitui - 10 2 2 2 2 2 Establish Biogas plants biogas Energy Commun 77 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Biogas plants Center ity plants - members MEEFNMR - Install Procured and Number of - - 5 1 1 1 1 1 wind installed wind wind MEEFNMR Commun powered powered powered ity generator generators generators members s Agriculture Sector Strategic Expected Key Responsib Targ Indicative Budget (KES million) Objective Outputs/Outcom Performance le eted s es Indicators Institutio Gro Total 23/2 24/2 25/2 26/27 27/28 ns ups 4 5 6 To Farmers supported to No. of farmers Ministries of Farmer promotion access appropriate supported with Agriculture & s of drought farm inputs farm inputs livestock 78 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan tolerant Quantity of inputs Quantity of ,Partners, 324 54 60 70 72 78 (Farm input accessed by farmers inputs (Mt) National support) Produced Quantity Quantity of government 0 0 0 0 0 0 Produce (Mt) Postharvest Cold rooms installed No. of cold 30 10 10 10 0 0 managemen in key market centers rooms t Pest and Farmers supported No of Kits 78 0 17 19 20 22 Disease with afla-save managemen t Quantity of afla-save No of farmers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Food safety procured and (aflatoxin distributed managemen t) Farmers supported Quantity of 120 0 24 28 32 36 with pesticides & afla0save (Mt) seeds 79 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan horticulture No. of farmers 0 0 0 0 0 0 production promotion Quantity of seeds Quantity of 0 0 0 0 0 0 procured and seeds (Mt) distributed Quantity of pesticides Quantity of 13.38 0 2.8 3.22 3.64 3.72 procured and pesticides (Mt) distributed Administrati Kitchen gardens Number of 53 0 11 13 14 15 on and supported for kitchen gardens support production of nutrient supported services dense vegetables Families with under Number of 0 0 0 0 0 0 five years supported families with production of supported. bio-fortified foods Procured Quantity of Quantity of 85 0 18 20 22 25 planting materials planting procured materials 80 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan procured and distributed(Mt) Promoted utilization No of Promoted 29.64 0 7.41 7.41 7.41 7.41 of diverse locally utilization of produced foods diverse locally produced foods Farm input subsidy Number of farm 4 0 1 1 1 1 advocacy undertaken inputs under subsidy Financial, business No. of 4 0 1 1 1 1 and insurance service Financial, providers lobbied business and insurance service providers lobbied Community Crops Number of 5 0 0 5 0 0 seed banks seed banks established established 81 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Sustainable Levelling Kits Number of kits 0.25 0.25 0 0 00 0 land use procured and procured managemen distributed t Farm ponds No. of ponds 84 0 12 18 24 30 developed for crop developed production Agro- Ago-forestry seedling Number of 18.3 1.8 3 4 4.5 5 forestry nursery supported agro- Promotion forestry/fruit seedlings planted. Agricultural Build capacity of No. of 36 0 and extension staff extension Staff 6 8 10 12 Extension trained services Trained farmers No. of farmers 153 0 33 36 40 44 capacity build Hosted Kitui Number of Kitui 115 10 30 25 25 25 Agricultural show and Agricultural trade fair 82 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan show and trade fair hosted Acquired high number of High 2 2 0 0 0 0 yielding dairy animals yielding dairy animals acquired Improved forage Number of 40 20 20 0 0 0 resource base forage resource (establish pasture base improved and fodder, construct barns and silos, purchase bailers, mower, tractor and rake) Livestock Controlled and % of Reduced 150 20 26 30 34 40 pests and managed of livestock disease diseases pests and diseases prevalence Control and managemen t 83 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Number of 0 0 0 0 0 0 livestock vaccinated No. of Vector 15 3 3 3 3 3 control(Motoriz ed pumps) No of times 12.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Acaricides procured Conducted Livestock Number of 10 2 2 2 2 2 disease surveillance surveillance and reports undertake Constructed and Number of 140 0 50 40 50 0 Established diagnostic laboratory laboratory constructed Installed cold chain Number of cold 80 0 20 20 20 20 equipment (fridges, chain cooler boxes and equipment freezers) and installed 84 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan hybridization of existing equipment Disease free zone number of 100 100 0 0 0 0 established diseases free zones established Livestock Purchased shawl bulls Number of bulls 24 5 5 5 5 4 Improveme procured nt and Developmen t Purchased assorted Number of 30 6 6 6 6 6 pasture seeds seeds procured Purchased dairy in Number of 15 3 3 3 3 3 calf heifers heifers procured Purchased improved Number of 25 5 5 5 5 5 hives and accessories hives and accessories purchased 85 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Undertaken Artificial Number of 100 10 15 20 25 30 insemination and cows synchronization Inseminated Purchased Local Number of 20 4 4 4 4 4 goats goats purchased Purchased Dairy Number of 10 2 2 2 2 2 goats Dairy goats purchased Purchased cockerels Number of 35 7 7 7 7 7 cockerels Purchased Purchased Rabbits to Number of 15 0 2 3 4 6 promote production rabbits procured Constructed livestock Number 400 0 100 100 100 100 sale yards livestock sale yards constructed Food Safety Compliance with food No of slaughter 5 1 1 1 1 1 and Quality safety standards facilities 86 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Improveme ,flayers, nt- inspected, Veterinary trained and licensed Improve meat Number of 7.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 hygiene knowledge meat inspectors and quality trained Upgraded and number of 30 0 0 10 10 10 constructed slaughter slaughter houses houses upgraded Retrained Staff and Number of 5 1 1 1 1 1 flayers flayers and staff retrained County Farm 10,310 2,054 2,058 2,062 2,066 2,070 People better able Governmen ers; to cope with Adaptation ts; WRMA; Pasto drought because  Number of Kenya ral of: recipients of Metrological and a. Improved CIS Departmen agro- Climate t pasto 87 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Information  Number of ral Services (CIS), early comm with number. warning unitie systems s in  National ASALs Drought ; Margin alised of recipients of CIS Emergency (KMD); comm increased from Fund (NDEF) CCD; unities 1,000,000 to disbursed NGOs/CB ; 2,000,000 Os; Water Wome b. Improved and Services n and increased No. of Trust childre early warning Fund n in systems (WSTF); droug c. NDEF MoE; ht operationalised Media for prone Education areas and Developme 88 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan nt (Media), Intergovern ment al Authority on Developme nt Climate Prediction and Application s Center (ICPAC); African Centre of Meteorolog ical Application s for Developme nt (ACMAD) 89 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan People better able Adaptation County Comm 1,000 500 125 125 125 125 to cope with floods  Number of Governme unities and damage to early nts; living infrastructure warning WRMA; in reduced via: systems MWS; flood a. Establishment of  Dam safety MOH; prone early warning needs NDMA; areas, systems assessment, KMD; like b. Establishment of safety CCD; NTP; Lower Dam Safety manual and NGOs/CBOs Tana Control System codes of ; KMD; and c. Improved capacity practice WSTF; Lake of at least 50 published MALFI; Victori WRUAs  No. of KenGen; a WRUAs CoG; Media basin participatin for region g in Education s, and training and towns sessions Developme that nt (Media), experi ICPAC; ence 90 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan ACMAD flash floods The coordination Adaptation County Comm 3,250 650 650 650 650 650 of disaster  National Governmen unities management is Disaster ts; NDMA; living centralised and Risk Disaster in improved by: - Manageme Operation flood a. Enactment of nt Centre prone Disaster Risk Authority (DOC); areas, Management Bill established MoICNG; like b. Operationalisation  DRMF KMD; Lower of established Disaster Tana the National  Amount of Manageme and Disaster Risk funding nt Council, Lake Management allocated Disaster Victori through a DRMF basin region s, and 91 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan towns that experi ence flash floods 92 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Environment and Tourism Sector Strategic Priori Expected Key Resp Target Indicative Budget (KES million) Objective ty Outputs/Outc Performa onsib ed s Actio omes nce le Group ns Indicator Insti s s tutio ns 26/ Tot 23/ 24/ 25 27 27/2 al 24 25 /2 8 6  Promote Increase Increased forest No. of Nation Communi 179 358 358 35 358 358 and the cover with schools, al and ties living 0 8 support number drought tolerant churches, county close to establishm schools, tree species individuals, govern gazzeted ent of churches, CBOs, ment forests , communit individuals, cooperativ School Farmers, y tree CBOs, Involvement of es and s vendors, nurseries cooperativ tree planting and urban CBOs es, urban conservation centers. Chamb Institutio 93 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan  Roll out centers champions and No. of tree er of ns tree involved in tree growing nurseries comme Urban growing tree awareness established rce centers programm growing. . Business es towards Increase Increase adoption No. of people improvem the no. of of commercial champions ent of tree protected tree growing for involved cover areas. wealth creation and  Promotion Increased identified. of drought volume of Increase No. of tolerant rehabilitate nurseries of tree policies and multi- d land. seedlings aimed and bills economic Increase at increasing developed value tree no. of forest cover No. of species protected public  Initiate and Adopted policies forest units tree rehabilitate on streamlining protected. growing d forests. and No. of and forest Curbing air harmonization of protected conservati pollution forest land and on management. forests. 94 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan competitio Protected county No. of n and public forest towns award covers grown trees scheme Increased tree  Initiate and forest cover. carbon Restoration of trade and degraded forests REDD++ and improve initiatives conservation.. in Kitui Improved air County. quality  Support tree growing at public learning institution s, market centres, and riverine 95 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan and at househol d level. Sphere head tree growing in all forests in the county Fencing of critical catchments and ecosystems Promote greening of urban centres Environment Increase Establishment of No. of County Schools 88 16 16 18 18 20 al education the Environmental environment and with and number of clubs and eco al clubs and nation active 96 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan awareness schools schools in public eco schools al environm doing institutions Established govern ental environme No.of Eco ment. activities ntal schools NGOs. communit conservati established School ies on through Public No. of public s. environme participations participation comm ntal clubs held on meetings unity Sensitization, Held training and capacity building Developed and No. of legal revised documents documents on reviewed public and sensitization, developed training and capacity building. Commemoration Number of of international international environment 97 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan environmental al days awareness days Commemor ated 98 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Annex: 1 impacts of climate hazards in the county S/N Hazard Associated Risk Ward 1. Drought Water scarcity Most hit Areas: (Mui. Ikanga, Kauwi, Chuluni, Ikutha, Kanyangi, Kiomo/Kyethani, Yatta/Kwa vonza, Kiomoe/Thaana, , Endau/malani, Voo/KyamatuKanziku, Athi, Mutomo/KibweaKyuso, TharakaNgomeni, TseikuruMumoni, Mutha, Moderate Hit areas(Mutitu/Kaliku, Nguni, , Waita, Nzombe/Mwitika, , Kivou, Nuu, Ngutani, Mutnonguni, ) Low Hit Areas: (Kyangwithya East, Kithumula/Kwa mutonga, , Kisasi, Mulango, Miambani, , Mwingi central, Nzambani, Mbitiniand Kitui townshipMatinyani, MigwaniKyagwithya west) Lack of pasture Most hit areas: (Ngomeni, Mutha, Kanziko, Endau/Malani,Mumoni, Tharaka, Tseikuru, Nguni,Athi, Ikutha, Nzombe/Mwitika, Mutitu/Kaliku, Yatta/Kwa vonza) Moderate hit areas(Chuluni, Ikanga, Kanyangi, Mutomo, Waita, Ngutani) Low hit areas(Miambani, Kyangwithya east, Kyangwithya west, Mulango, Kisasi, Mbitini, Nzamabni and Kitui township) Low crop yields Most hit Areas: (Mui. Ikanga, Kauwi, Chuluni, Ikutha, Kanyangi, Kiomo/Kyethani, Yatta/Kwa vonza, Kiomoe/Thaana, , Endau/malani, Voo/KyamatuKanziku, Athi, Mutomo/KibweaKyuso, TharakaNgomeni, TseikuruMumoni, Mutha, Moderate Hit areas(Mutitu/Kaliku, Nguni, , Waita, 99 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Nzombe/Mwitika, , Kivou, Nuu, Ngutani, Mutnonguni, ) Low Hit Areas(Kyangwithya East, Kithumula/Kwa mutonga, , Kisasi, Mulango, Miambani, , Mwingi central, Nzambani, Mbitini and Kitui township Matinyani, MigwaniKyagwithya west) Human/wildlife conflict Areas: Ngomeni, Endau/malani, Tseikuru, Mutha, Athi, Ikutha, Kanyangi, Chuluniamdmutomo 2. Environmental Degrading (Mui. Ikanga,, Chuluni, Ikutha, Kanyangi, degradation ecosystems/habitats Kiomo/Kyethani, Yatta/Kwa vonza, Kiomoe/Thaana, Endau/malani, Voo/KyamatuKanziku, Athi, Mutomo/KibweaNgomeni, TseikuruMumoni, Mutha,nuu and nguni) Pollution of air, water and Kitui township, Mwningi central, Mutomo/kibwea, soils Kyuso, Kauwi, Kyagwithya west, Kyangiwthya East, Mulango, yatta/Kwa vonza 3. Flash Floods Landscape changes Nguni, Chuluni, Voo/Kyamatu,Mutha, Athi Soil erosion Areas:- Nguni, Chuluni, Voo/Kyamatu,Mutha, Athi 4. Extreme temperatures Emergence of crop pests Ngomeni, Kyuso, Mumoni, Tseikuru, Tharaka, Waita, and diseases Nguni, Mwingi central and Kivou ward. 100 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Annex:2 Summary of Differentiated Climate exposure and Vulnerability of key groups and livelihoods in the County Hazard Vulnerable Groups Livelihoods Direct and Indirect Impacts Drought Women, youth, PWD, - Crop farming - Water shortage for elderly - Fruit farming households and livestock - Livestock farming - Increased distances to - Retail businesses water points/sources - Poultry farming - Low or no crop yields - Horticulture farming - Death of livestock - Loss of household incomes - School dropouts - Rural-urban migration - Family conflicts and breakups - Increased crime (theft issues) - Human-human conflict - Human-wildlife conflict - Resource-based conflict - Increased pressure on resources 101 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan Environmental Women, youth, PWD, - Crop farming - Low crop yields degradation elderly - Fruit farming - Death of livestock - Livestock farming - Loss of household - Retail businesses incomes - Human-human conflict - Human-wildlife conflict - Loss of biodiversity and destruction of habitats - Overreliance on forests products as alternative livelihood (such as charcoal trade) Floods Women, youth, PWD, - Market days - Destruction of crops elderly, children - Transport businesses - Destruction of farming (boda boda & matatu) lands - Crop farming - Loss of lives - Horticulture farming - Destruction of infrastructure and property - Outbreak of waterborne diseases 102 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan - Increased pressure on health facilities Extreme temperature Women, youth, PWD, - Horticulture farming - Drying of crops elderly, children - Market days - Low yields - Transport businesses - Loss of income (boda boda) - Heat stress - Masonry businesses - Headaches and human suffering - Low productivity - Increased snake bites 103 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

Annex 3 Photo of technical working group team 104 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

Annex 4 Invitation letter for participation 105 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan 106 Kitui County Climate Change Action plan

Annex 5 PCRA report 107