Kenya National Animal Welfare Strategy (2017-2022)

KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 1 of 49 INTERGOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY FOR DEVELOPMENT (IGAD) KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY (2017-2022) VERSION: DRAFT 4, MARCH 29, 2017 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 2 of 49 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 5 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................... 9 1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Definition of animal welfare ....................................................................................... 9 1.3. Focus of the strategy ................................................................................................ 10 1.4. International animal welfare standards......................................................................... 10 2. Principles underlying the strategy ................................................................................. 12 2.1. Guiding principles of animal welfare ......................................................................... 12 2.2. Guiding principles on welfare of animals in livestock production systems ................. 13 3. Contextual analysis and SWOT analysis of the animal welfare environment in Kenya ........ 14 3.1. Contextual analysis ................................................................................................... 14 3.2. The SWOT Analysis of the animal welfare environment in Kenya .................................. 18 4. Strategic objectives ........................................................................................................... 27 4.1. Strategic Objectives 1: To develop and review the policy, legislation and institutional framework for animal welfare to comply with international standards .................................. 27 4.1.1. Strategy 1: To develop comprehensive national animal welfare policy framework compliant with international standards (OIE) ........................................................................ 27 4.1.2. Strategy 2: To review and develop comprehensive national animal welfare legislation to be complaint to international standards (OIE) .................................................. 27 Action 1: To develop, approve and implement the Animal Welfare Bill and review all relevant laws and regulations governing the functions of the veterinary services and animal welfare in particular at national and county levels. ........................................................... 27 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 3 of 49 4.1.3. Strategy 3: To restructure and reorganize the institutional framework for effective animal welfare governance at national and county levels. ......................................................... 28 4.2. Strategic objective 2: To strengthen communication, awareness, and advocacy on animal welfare in Kenya ........................................................................................................ 29 4.2.1. Strategy 1: To develop and implement a comprehensive animal welfare communication, awareness and advocacy campaign strategy ............................................... 29 Strategy 1: To enhance animal welfare communication, awareness and advocacy in Kenya 30 4.3. Strategic objective 3: To promote education, training, research and capacity building on animal welfare among all stakeholders ............................................................................ 31 4.3.1. Strategy 1: To develop and implement education, training, research, capacity building for animal welfare ............................................................................................... 32 Action 1: To develop and review curricula for veterinary education, animal health and related training in Kenya ....................................................................................................................... 33 Action 4: To conduct scientific based research on animal welfare to inform advocacy, awareness, formulation of policies, legislation, standards and codes of practice .......................................... 33 Action 6: To conduct a pilot study on corporate animal welfare among selected business enterprises in Kenya .................................................................................................................. 34 4.4. Strategic objective 4: To develop a sustainable implementation framework for animal welfare programmes in Kenya ................................................................................................... 35 4.4.1. Strategy 1: To develop and manage a sustainable coordination structure to govern implementation of the animal welfare strategy and programmes ............................................. 35 4.4.3. Strategy 3: To develop and implement a national Animal Welfare Resource Mobilization Strategy ................................................................................................................ 37 4.4.4. Strategy 4: To monitor, evaluate and report progress on National Animal Welfare Strategy Action Plan .................................................................................................................. 37 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 4 of 49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Animal welfare is a multidisciplinary issue that requires collective and synergistic approaches in order to be effective. This report is the product of information that has been developed by many contributors ranging from scientific authors to animal owners and extensive consultations with animal welfare officials from governmental, intergovernmental, non-governmental and international agencies. Their contribution is highly appreciated and acknowledged. The Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) Centre for Pastoral Areas and Livestock Development (ICPLAD) and all Member States are acknowledged for supporting the development and implementation of the country contextual studies, coordination of stakeholders and providing information. The support by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, and the State Department of Livestock is acknowledged. In particular, the support of the Chief Veterinary Officer, Dr. Kisa Juma Ngeiywa and all the officers in the Directorate of Veterinary Services was extremely valuable. The author acknowledges that the outcome of this work was greatly facilitated by expert contribution of information, discussion and facilitations by individuals from the following institutions listed in alphabetical order; African Network for Animal Welfare, Andys Veterinary Clinics, Brooke EA, Donkey Sanctuary, Food for the Hungry, Kenya National Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council, Kenya Veterinary Association, Kenya Veterinary Board, Kenya Wildlife Service, KENDAT, KSPCA, Mount Kenya University, Mwingi Professional Agrovet Ltd, South Eastern Kenya University, University of Nairobi, and World Animal Protection. The technical, administrative and logistical support of the ICPALD was provided by Dr. Ameha Sebsibe, Dr. Fisseha Tadesse, Dr Wamalwa Kinyanjui and Ms Fleria Okello. This is highly appreciated. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 5 of 49 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Animal welfare is a complex multifaceted discipline whose implementation is supported by international policies, legislations and standards and improved through advances science, religion, culture and tradition and is the subject access to international trade and development policies. The definition for animal welfare is a rather dynamic topic in the global literature. For the purpose of consistency and developing a common understanding, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees with the definition adopted by the OIE on animal welfare that; Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress. Good animal welfare requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter/killing. Animal welfare refers to the state of the animal; the treatment that an animal receives is covered by other terms such as animal care, animal husbandry, and humane treatment. Since 2005, the OIE has developed 12 animal welfare standards under the Terrestial Animal Health Code and 4 animal welfare standards under the Aquatic Animal Health Code. The animal welfare standards under the TAHC include the following  Introduction to the recommendations for animal welfare  Transportation of animals by sea  Transportation of animals by land  Transportation of animals by air KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 6 of 49  Slaughter of animals for human consumption  Slaughter of animals for disease control purposes  Stray dog population control  Use of animals in research and education  Animal welfare and beef cattle production systems  Animal welfare and broiler production systems  Animal welfare and dairy cattle production systems  Welfare of working animals The constitution of Kenya and the National Livestock Policy (2008), the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (2010-2020) and the Second Medium Term Plan (2013-2017) for Vision 2030, and the Captive Wildlife Management and Welfare Policy Guidelines (2015) are some of the policy documents that support animal welfare in Kenya. However, there is notable animal welfare policy and legislation gaps as demonstrated by the lack of a comprehensive national animal welfare policy and legislation that is consistent with the constitution of Kenya and compliant with the current international animal welfare policies, legislations and standards. Furthermore, there are over 25 laws governing the animal resource subsector in Kenya. All these many laws are old, outdated, fragmented and difficult to implement and enforce animal welfare standards. The Prevention from Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360 (Amended, 2012) despite being one of the most comprehensive animal welfare legislations in the region, is equally outdated and not fully compliant with the OIE animal welfare standards, some of which were adopted as recent as 2016 9welfare of working equids). Although the government has commenced drafting of the Animal Welfare Bill, there are no national animal welfare regulations, standards and codes of practice that meet the international OIE standards for effective implementation and enforcement. This is despite the existence of two laws that mandated the Minister to develop animal welfare regulations. The country has undergone the OIE PVS Evaluation, Gap Analysis and Veterinary Legislation Mission (2015). KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 7 of 49 The report highlights the policy and legislation gaps and makes recommendations for addressing them. The World Animal Protection Welfare Index score for Kenya confirms that there is still a lot of work to be done in this matter. The other gaps that have been identified in animal welfare include a weak institutional framework for implementation of animal welfare, particularly following devolution of veterinary services, animal husbandry and animal welfare services to the county governments, the lack of formally appointed government structure for providing animal welfare governance at national and county levels. There is inadequate coordination, collaboration and partnerships for animal welfare. This is in spite of the fact that an OIE National Animal Welfare Focal Point was appointed for Kenya in 2014 and the Animal Welfare Action Kenya, though informal, is coordinating some activities. The current threats to animal welfare in Kenya include the perennial effects of climate change, natural disasters and calamities including drought and flooding, Transboundary Animal Disease Outbreaks The opportunities for improving animal welfare include the fact that there are many reputable international and national animal welfare organisations operating and with headquarters in Kenya. Some of the institution the following listed in alphabetical order; African Network for Animal Welfare, Andys Veterinary Clinics, Born Free Foundation, Brooke EA, Donkey Sanctuary, Food for the Hungry, Kenya National Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Kenya Veterinary Association, Kenya Veterinary Board, Kenya Wildlife Service, KENDAT, KSPCA, Mount Kenya University, Mwingi Professional Agrovet Ltd, South Eastern Kenya University, University of Nairobi, and World Animal Protection The country has a rich animal resource base, with livestock contributing approximately 7% of the national GDP. The high population growth and increasing globalisation have increased the demand for animal products, which require intensification. Rapid urbanisation has caused competition for quality KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 8 of 49 land, water, shelter and feed resources, in themselves already being welfare challenges that require urgent interventions. The drafting of the Animal Welfare Bill and review of old legislation offer opportunities for advancement, there are many animal health training institutions that graduate very many qualified human resource. The global trade in donkey skins is a recently emerged threat to the existence and welfare of donkeys, particularly so because Kenya has licensed two export slaughterhouses to date, with reported incidences of theft and inhumane slaughter of donkeys. The major constrains facing animal welfare have been consolidated into four pillars, and with accompanying strategies, activities, performance indicators, actors and annual budgetary estimates. The strategic pillars of the national animal welfare strategy are; 1. Strategic objectives 1: To develop and review the policy, legislation and institutional framework for animal welfare in Kenya 2. Strategic objective 2: To strengthen communication, awareness, and advocacy on animal welfare in Kenya 3. Strategic objective 3: To promote education, training, research and capacity building on animal welfare among all stakeholders 4. Strategic objective 4: To develop a sustainable implementation framework for animal welfare programmes in Kenya The details of the findings of the country contextual analysis and SWOT analysis are provided in the Animal Welfare Status Report. The strategy implementation plan and budget are provides in the main document. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 9 of 49 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES 1.1. Introduction Animal welfare is a growing area of national, regional and international interest as has been articulated in the constitution of the Republic of Kenya. In order to provide a coordinated process of improving the welfare of animals and society, a comprehensive framework is required to guide all stakeholders in understanding and implementing sustainable management of our natural resources including all sentient animals. This therefore is the rationale for developing our national animal welfare strategy. As a country, Kenya is aware of the rapidly changing regional and global trends in animal resource management and is committed to continual interrogation of its national policies, strategies and legislations to ensure that the welfare of animals and its society is sustainably improved to meet the global benchmarks. 1.2. Definition of animal welfare Although the definition of animal welfare is multifaceted and complex, the people of Kenya agree with the definition adopted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) adopted in the Terrestial Animal Health Code; Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress. Good animal welfare requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter/killing. Animal welfare refers to the state of the animal; the treatment that an animal receives is covered by other terms such as animal care, animal husbandry, and humane treatment. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 10 of 49 The Kenya National Animal Welfare Strategy has been developed through an all inclusive process that involved consultations with key informants and stakeholders in the animal resource sector. It is an ongoing collaborative approach to involve all experts lead by the veterinary and other professions working in the government ministries and corporations. The welfare of animals is the responsibility of the entire society including the animal owners and all persons engaged in the animal welfare value chain. The contribution of the private sector and general society is also notable. The strategy has been designed to focus on all sentient animals. Sentience means the ability of an animal to perceive pain or pleasure. In this regard, it is the responsibility of all members of society to always aim to provide the needs of animals and minimise pain and suffering of animals under their care. 1.3. Focus of the strategy The strategy therefore covers all sentient animals found in Kenya including; 1. Wildlife and captive animals and the management of the natural resource 2. Companion animals, including dogs, cats, birds and other animals 3. Working animals (animals used for transportation including horses, donkeys, mules, camels or other work animals including oxen and military/security dogs) 4. Livestock (animals including beef cattle, sheep, goats, camels, poultry) 5. Aquatic and marine animals due to the large coastline 6. Animals used for education and research, in the few veterinary schools. 1.4. International animal welfare standards Since 2005, OIE has developed 12 animal welfare standards under the Terrestial Animal Health Code (TAHC) and 4 animal welfare standards under the Aquatic KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 11 of 49 Animal Health Code (AAHC). The animal welfare standards under the TAHC include the following; 1. Introduction to the recommendations for animal welfare 2. Transportation of animals by sea 3. Transportation of animals by land 4. Transportation of animals by air 5. Slaughter of animals for human consumption 6. Slaughter of animals for disease control purposes 7. Stray dog population control 8. Use of animals in research and education 9. Animal welfare and beef cattle production systems 10. Animal welfare and broiler production systems 11. Animal welfare and dairy cattle production systems 12. Welfare of working animals Meanwhile, the OIE (2016) adopted guidelines on disaster management and risk reduction in relation to animal health and welfare and veterinary public health for veterinary service 1 . It is expected that these will be up-scaled into standards in due course. The welfare standards for aquatic animals 1. Introduction to recommendations for the welfare of farmed fish 2. Welfare of farmed fish during transportation 3. Welfare aspects of stunning and killing of farmed fish for human consumption 4. Killing of fish for disease control 1 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 12 of 49 2. Principles underlying the strategy 2.1. Guiding principles of animal welfare The national strategy is based on the guiding principles that;  There is a critical relationship between animal health and animal welfare.  The internationally recognised ‘five freedoms’ (freedom from hunger, thirst and malnutrition; freedom from fear and distress; freedom from physical and thermal discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; and freedom to express normal patterns of behaviour) provide valuable guidance in animal welfare.  The internationally recognised ‘three Rs’ (reduction in numbers of animals, refinement of experimental methods and replacement of animals with non animal techniques) provide valuable guidance for the use of animals in science.  The scientific assessment of animal welfare involves diverse elements which need to be considered together, and that selecting and weighing these elements often involves value-based assumptions which should be made as explicit as possible.  The use of animals in agriculture, education and research, and for companionship, recreation and entertainment, makes a major contribution to the wellbeing of people.  The use of animals carries with it an ethical responsibility to ensure the welfare of such animals to the greatest extent practicable.  Improvements in farm animal welfare can often improve productivity and food safety, and hence lead to economic benefits.  Equivalent outcomes based on performance criteria, rather than identical systems based on design criteria, be the basis for comparison of animal welfare standards and recommendations. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 13 of 49 2.2. Guiding principles on welfare of animals in livestock production systems  Genetic selection should always take into account the health and welfare of animals.  Animals chosen for introduction into new environments should be suited to the local climate and able to adapt to local diseases, parasites and nutrition.  The physical environment, including the substrate (walking surface, resting surface, etc.), should be suited to the species so as to minimise risk of injury and transmission of diseases or parasites to animals.  The physical environment should allow comfortable resting, safe and comfortable movement including normal postural changes, and the opportunity to perform types of natural behaviour that animals are motivated to perform.  Social grouping of animals should be managed to allow positive social behaviour and minimise injury, distress and chronic fear.  For housed animals, air quality, temperature and humidity should support good animal health and not be aversive  Where extreme conditions occur, animals should not be prevented from using their natural methods of thermo-regulation.  Animals should have access to sufficient feed and water, suited to the animals' age and needs, to maintain normal health and productivity and to prevent prolonged hunger, thirst, malnutrition or dehydration.  Diseases and parasites should be prevented and controlled as much as possible through good management practices. Animals with serious health problems should be isolated and treated promptly or killed humanely if treatment is not feasible or recovery is unlikely.  Where painful procedures cannot be avoided, the resulting pain should be managed to the extent that available methods allow. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 14 of 49  The handling of animals should foster a positive relationship between humans and animals and should not cause injury, panic, lasting fear or avoidable stress.  Owners and handlers should have sufficient skill and knowledge to ensure that animals are treated in accordance with these principles. 3. Contextual analysis and SWOT analysis of the animal welfare environment in Kenya 3.1. Contextual analysis In the Republic of Kenya, the constitution mandates the national government to develop policies, strategies and legislations to regulate the animal resource subsector, comprising livestock and wildlife. Consequently, animal welfare is provided for in the existing National Livestock Policy (2008), the Wildlife Management and Welfare Policy (2015) and the Draft Veterinary Policy (2015). Although the Agricultural Development Strategy (2010-2020) proposed that specific national policies will be developed for among other areas, animal welfare, it appears that this strategy is not being pursued at the moment. There are 47 county governments in which veterinary services, animal husbandry and welfare are implemented. As agriculture, livestock and veterinary services are fully devolved functions, counties also have mandates to develop their own policies and livestock. There is no specific national livestock masterplan or strategy, rather animal resource issues are articulated in the Vision 2030 Mid-Term Review document and the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (2010-2020). This is contract to the robust national livestock Master-Plan developed by Ethiopia, Somaliland, Puntland and Sudan. It should also be noted that Kenya is the only net importer of animals. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 15 of 49 There are over 25 laws that regulate the animal resource subsector and six specific ones that directly govern the functions of the Directorate of Veterinary Services. The most relevant laws relating to animal welfare include the Meat Control Act, Animal Disease Control Act, Rabies Control Act, Hides and Skins Trade Act, Livestock Branding Act, VSVP Act and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360 (Amended in 2012). Despite being credited as the most comprehensive animal welfare law in Africa (Masiga and Munyua, 2005), most stakeholders, including the government, acknowledges that it is old, outdated and does not comply with all the animal welfare standards that have been adopted by the OIE since 2005 to 2016. The DVS is in the process of developing the Animal Welfare Bill. These together with all the laws were the subject of a comprehensive review undertaken during the OIE PVS Veterinary Legislation Identification Mission in 2015. A critical analysis of these laws, including Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360 (Amended 2012) and recommendations was availed to the consultant by the DVS. As the report was submitted to DVS in 2015, it was understood that implementation of the recommendations and further processing of the Animal Welfare Bill is ongoing. By the time of preparing this report, it was not possible to verify that the recommendations of the OIE Mission Report had been implemented. Although two laws (Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360 and VSVP Act CAP 366 mandate the Ministers to develop animal welfare regulation, there is no explanation for the fact lack of animal welfare regulations in Kenya. Subsequently, there are no animal welfare standards, guidelines or codes of practice to guide programmes and priorities. This confirms a weak policy and legislative framework for animal welfare in the country that requires strategic intervention. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 16 of 49 The privatisation and subsequent devolution of veterinary services from the national government, together with challenges in the human resource capacity of the DVS, are major constraints to provision of animal welfare services in Kenya. Although the country has an OIE appointed and trained National Animal Welfare Focal Point, there is no formally appointed National Animal Welfare Working Group. Instead, there is an informal structure network referred to as Animal Welfare Action Kenya. Chaired by the DVS, and comprising some governmental and non-governmental organisations in animal welfare, AWAKE currently functions as the AWWG. The DVS has appointed a dedicated Animal Welfare Officer, but has not allocated a specific budget or resources for this office. There are no other government officers appointed to discharge animal welfare services at national or county government levels. The lack of a comprehensive animal welfare governance structure is evidence of a weak institutional framework for effective implementing of animal welfare in the country. The situation is counterbalanced by the presence of reputable international and national animal welfare organisations operational programmes and regional offices in Kenya. These include ANAW, BROOKE EA, DS, Born Free Foundation, Caritas, IFAW, KENDAT, KSPCA, KVA, and World Animal Protection. These NGOs have significantly contributed to advancing animal welfare programmes including advocacy, awareness and communication campaigns, humane education of veterinary surgeons and veterinary paraprofessionals and primary school children. There is an apparent institutional gap for agencies working on the welfare issues related to production systems, transportation and slaughter of animals, as the only other agency addressing these issues (KSPCA) legitimate challenges of adequate resources (financial, logistical and human). The proliferation of the zero-grazing smallholder dairy farming system represents a typical case study on animal welfare issues relating to intensive production system. These issues have been widely researched on in Kenya, with the challenge being that the country has not developed any animal KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 17 of 49 welfare standards to regulate and assure welfare of dairy animals under the zero grazing system. The Kenya Veterinary Board is mandated to regulate training, business and registration of the veterinary profession. In particular, it sets standards of curricula for veterinary education and animal health training. There are two veterinary schools and 10 universities offering animal health training. Based on the harmonised curricula, animal welfare is taught as a course name Animal Welfare, Ethics and Laws to all students in these institutions. However, animal welfare is not taught in other relevant training institutions that address animal health and husbandry, including the diploma and certificate courses offered at Dairy Training Institute, Meat Training Institute and the Kenya Wildlife Service Training Institute. Knowledge on animal welfare by these graduates of the courses would further enhance awareness and effective of this important agenda Although Section of the Veterinary Surgeons and Veterinary Paraprofessionals (VSVP) Act CAP 366 mandates the board to develop regulations for implementing animal welfare, this activity had not been implemented by the time of preparing this report. This is the same position alluded to by the failure of the Minister to develop animal welfare regulations under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 306 (Amended 2012). The KVA and other NGOs have continued to deliver animal welfare training through CPD courses, seminars, conferences, World Animal Day Celebrations, World Rabies Day Celebrations and other field day activities. However, there was no evidence that animal welfare education and training is regularly offered to key animal resource stakeholders in the country, including producers, animal handlers, transporters, judiciary and law enforcement officers, religious and community leaders and industry processors. Although some NGOs reported providing animal welfare education to primary schools, it was difficult to determine the scope and impact of these initiatives. These programmes may not KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 18 of 49 be sustainable as currently operated as they are neither supported by any national policy nor are they anchored in the national school curriculum. awareness and advocacy programmes in animal welfare have been conducted mainly by the various NGOs. These have been delivered either jointly or through the specific agencies. All the agencies communicate through electronic and printed media, including Radio and TV, Newsletters, Websites and Community meetings, and Special Events. The establishment of a strong animal welfare Working Group is recommended. In addition, there is need to develop a comprehensive communication, awareness and advocacy strategy to identify the existing gaps, design appropriate advocacy agenda and strategies and sustainable communication approaches for animal welfare programmes. This will further improve coordination and collaboration among the stakeholders. The effective and sustainable improvements in animal welfare require an implementation framework. There was no strategy that the competent authority provides guidance and leadership to stakeholders on programmes and priorities in animal welfare in the country. This is exacerbated by the lack of specific and adequately trained staff deployed to animal welfare funding allocated. The outcome of data analysis and key informant interviews revealed major animal welfare sectors to include wildlife, companion animals, working animals, livestock, animals used in education and research and aquatic and marine animals. 3.2. The SWOT Analysis of the animal welfare environment in Kenya The important animal welfare issues and major problems and the SWOT Analysis were identified and are described in the detailed report. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 19 of 49 3.2.1. Strengths of the animal welfare programmes in Kenya The strengths to animal welfare in Kenya include 1. A well established policy and legislation framework supporting the livestock subsector including the constitution, national Livestock Policy (2008) and Wildlife Management and Welfare Policy (2015), Dairy Masterplan, Vision 2030 Mid Term Review 2. Existing legislation that support animal welfare issues including category 1 laws and Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (Amended 2012) and Wildlife Management and Conservation Act (2013). 3. Strong governance structure at the Ministry of Agriculture, State Department of Livestock, State Department of Fisheries 4. Well established CVO heading the Directorate of Veterinary Services/ 47 County DVSs and complementary government agencies including the Department of Animal Production, KWS, KMC, KDB, KAGRIC 5. Appointed, trained and well experienced OIE National Animal Welfare Focal Point, Appointed Animal Welfare Desk Officer in DVS and operational Animal Welfare Action Kenya 6. Strong and effective VSB, named the KVS mandated under the VSVP Act to regulate training, registration and business of all veterinary surgeons and veterinary paraprofessionals in Kenya, and animal welfare organisations. 7. Strong veterinary professional cadre engaged through their professional associations through Animal Welfare CPDs, Conferences, Field Activities and implementation of specific animal welfare programmes. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 20 of 49 8. Several international, intergovernmental, non-governmental and international agencies involved in animal welfare and animal resource subsector with operations and some with regional offices in Kenya, including ANAW, Born Free Foundation, BROOKE, Donkey Sanctuary, KENDAT, KSPCA, IFAW, KWS, KVA, and World Animal Protection. Other agencies include OIE, AU-IBAR, IGAD, FAO, EU, WB, and IFAD. 9. Increased number of VEEs including two (2) veterinary schools at the University of Nairobi and Egerton University and over 10 universities and institutions offering courses leading to award of Bachelors degree, diploma and certificate in Animal Health. 10. Increased advances in animal welfare science, policies, legislation, standards and codes of practice at regional and international arena. These include the upgraded frameworks other than the FFs, Five Provisions, Five Domains and a Life Worth Living, OIE adopted standards for animal welfare since 2005 to 2016 (12 standards under the TAHC and 4 standards under the AAHC); World Animal Protection Index, the Business Benchmarks for Farm Animal Welfare, UN, and IFC World Bank animal welfare policies 3.2.2. Weaknesses of animal welfare programmes in Kenya  Lack of a comprehensive national livestock masterplan or strategy unlike all other IGAD countries. Livestock strategic issues are not comprehensively addressed in the current framework  Lack of incentive for international livestock export market following collapse of KMC and trade bans due to outbreaks of TAD including RVF, HPAI KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 21 of 49  Many (25) old, outdated and fragmented legislation regulating the animal resource industry, most of them not supported by any policy framework, making implementation and enforcement difficult.  Old, outdated animal welfare law (Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360- Amended 2012) that does not include all animal welfare sectors and issues, and is not compliant with international policies, legislation, standards and practice of animal welfare.  Inadequate coordination, collaboration and partnerships for animal welfare  Inadequate and unstructured communication, awareness and advocacy programmes on animal welfare  Inadequate education, research, training and capacity building on animal welfare involving all key animal resource stakeholders  Lack of effective implementation framework for animal welfare programmes and priorities  Veterinary governance challenges between the national and county veterinary authorities  Cultural and religious values and belief towards animals, including cattle rustling, inhumane branding and animal identification practices. 3.2.3. Opportunities for animal welfare in Kenya 1. Increased population that demands availability of food of animal origin, requires intensive livestock production practices with related welfare issues 2. Globalisation and urbanisation leading the competition for quality land, water, pasture and feed resources and increase in number and welfare problems of stray animals KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 22 of 49 3. Increased presence and interest of international, intergovernmental, non governmental and international agencies in animal welfare and animal resource 4. Increasing demand for compliance to regional and international policies, legislations including standards and codes of practice for animal welfare 5. Devolution of veterinary services, animal husbandry, and animal welfare to 47 county governments and respective CDVSs 6. Increased number of VEEs from original 1 to 2 veterinary schools and from three AHITIs to 10 universities and institutions offering animal health training. 7. Increased awareness, communication, advocacy and education on animal welfare to society 8. Challenges arising from lack of animal welfare regulations, standards and codes of practice, required for implementation and enforcement. 3.2.4. Threats to animal welfare in Kenya  Increasing incidences of consequences of natural disasters and calamities including drought and flooding; leading to insecurity, competition for quality land, water, pasture and feed resources, and disease vulnerability.  Increased demand for export of donkey skin and meat products to international markets leading to increased cases of theft and inhumane slaughter of donkeys. This threat is greater that welfare  Outbreaks of TADs including RVF, HPAI, Brucellosis leading to compromised health and welfare and suspension or ban in regional and internation trade in live animals and animal products and by products. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 23 of 49  Rapid globalisation and urbanisation leading to infrastructural developments, competition for quality land, water and feed resources for animals  Culture of corruption and impunity in society KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 24 of 49 3.3. Major constraint to animal welfare in Kenya The study findings confirmed that the constraints to animal welfare advancement in Kenya may be consolidated under four major pillars, namely 1. Weak animal welfare policy, legislative and institutional framework 2. Inadequate communication, awareness and advocacy on animal welfare to stakeholders including the public 3. Inadequate education, training research and capacity building on animal welfare to all key animal resource stakeholders 4. Lack of an implementation framework for animal welfare programmes and priorities, through effective communication, coordination, collaboration, partnerships, resource mobilisation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 25 of 49 2 Animal Diseases Act, Chapter 364; Branding of Stock Act CAP 357; Cattle Cleansing Act 358; Crop Production and Livestock Act CAP 321; Dairy Industry Act CAP 336 (Revised 2012); Hides, Skins and Leather Trade Act CAP 359; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360; Meat Control Act CAP 356; Veterinary Surgeons and Veterinary Paraprofessionals Act CAP 366 3 AWAKE: Animal Welfare Action Kenya STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES 1. Fairly well–developed regulatory framework governing the livestock sector 2 (National Livestock Policy 2008; Draft Veterinary Policy 2015; Captive Wildlife Management and Welfare Policy Guidelines 2015) 2. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (Amended 2012); 3. Strong and supportive government institutions including State Department of Livestock, Directorate of Veterinary Services/ County Directors/ Kenya Wildlife Service; Animal Welfare Officer & Working Group 3 4. Strong statutory regulatory body (KVB) anchored within the VSPV Act CAP 366 overseeing animal health and welfare matters 5. Several International/ National Animal Welfare Organizations with long history of operations 6. Demonstrated capacity to enforce SPS Standards 7. Many well trained veterinary professionals (3,000 registered Veterinary Surgeons and 8,000 Veterinary Paraprofessionals 8. Strong professional veterinary associations actively involved in animal health and welfare programmes. 1. Inadequate/ lack of /unclear legislations, regulations, standards and guidelines that are at international thresholds 2. Lack of approved standards and guidelines for specific welfare issues including use of animals for research and education 3. Inadequate enforcement mechanisms for compliance to existing laws 4. Inadequate financial, technical and material resources 5. Lack of clear policy and implementation framework for animal welfare 6. Inadequate coordination of animal welfare programs and project 7. Inadequate awareness, advocacy and education on animal welfare among the population, livestock keepers and stakeholders 8. Governance challenges between national and county governments regarding veterinary, and animal welfare 9. Cultural practices and indigenous beliefs/ society not fully KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 26 of 49 9. Organised Livestock and Livestock Marketing System including Livestock Marketing Council, Kenya Meat Commission; Farmers Choice; Quality Meat Products 10. Many regulated animal health training institutions (Two Veterinary schools and 10 Universities and AHT Institutions offering BSc, Diploma and Certificate courses include Animal Welfare, Ethics and Law 45 hours 11. Slaughterhouses with trained meat inspectors 12. Increasing awareness and renewed interest on the need to comply with international regulations and standards by OIE/ WTO/SPS/TBT embraced animal welfare practices OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 1. Increasing demand for animals and animal products due to globalization and population growth 2. Demand for compliance with international standards for animal welfare and trade (OIE Terrestial Animal Health Codes, Aquatic Health Code; WTO,SPS, TBT) 3. Advocacy, education and awareness of the public and schools following review of the education system 4. Public-private partnerships for animal welfare 5. Devolution of animal health and welfare services to 47 counties expands scope of operations 6. Supportive society; responsive to animal welfare issues 7. National standards and guidelines for animal welfare 1. Unethical malpractices by unqualified persons 2. TAD disease outbreaks leading to compromised welfare, PH concerns and suspension or ban in international trade 3. Natural disasters and calamities; drought and floods 4. Increased demand for export of donkey skin and meat to international markets leading to threatening, theft and inhumane slaughter of donkeys. Two donkey Export Slaughterhouses have been licensed to date. 5. Encroachment on unprotected areas by infrastructural and agricultural developments 6. Impunity to animal welfare standards and regulations 7. Culture of corruption and impunity KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 27 of 49 4. Strategic objectives 4.1. Strategic Objectives 1: To develop and review the policy, legislation and institutional framework for animal welfare to comply with international standards In order advance animal welfare in the country, the government in collaboration with other governmental, intergovernmental, non-governmental and private sector corporations will undertake the following main strategies; 4.1.1. Strategy 1: To develop comprehensive national animal welfare policy framework compliant with international standards (OIE) Action: To review and upgrade the policy narrative and scope of the animal welfare statements in the existing (National Livestock Policy) and the Draft Veterinary Policy (2015) to comply with current scientific, policy and legislative framework underpinning the regional and international standards and benchmarks recommended by OIE and other international agencies. 4.1.2. Strategy 2: To review and develop comprehensive national animal welfare legislation to be complaint to international standards (OIE) Action 1: To develop, approve and implement the Animal Welfare Bill and review all relevant laws and regulations governing the functions of the veterinary services and animal welfare in particular at national and county levels. Action 2: To develop draft Animal Welfare Regulations, Standards and Codes of Practice aligned to international animal welfare policies, legislations, standards and codes of practice. This should be anchored on the strength of the existing Based on existing relevant legislations (Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act CAP 360 and VSVP Act CAP 366) and the Draft Animal Welfare Bill. Action: To develop national standards, guidelines and codes of practice for all relevant animal welfare sector issues and major problems. The DVS in KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 28 of 49 consultation with the County Directors of Veterinary Services and the AWAKE will nominate experts to all the major Animal Welfare Sectors and organize the Technical Working Groups on the following Animal Welfare Thematic Areas; 1. Transportation of animals by land, sea and air 2. Slaughter of animals for human consumption and for disease control purposes 3. Companion animals/ stray dog population management 4. Working animals including horses, donkeys, mules, camels, oxen, military and security dogs 5. Livestock production systems including dairy (zero-grazing) and beef cattle, sheep, goats, camels, pigs and poultry. 6. Wildlife, natural resource management and conservation 7. Aquatic and marine animals 8. Animals used for education and research The membership of each thematic area will be based from stakeholder and technical professional qualifications and through formal appointment by the Ministry for Agriculture, State Department of Livestock for a limited period of time and specific TORs to develop the Standards and codes of practice. 4.1.3. Strategy 3: To restructure and reorganize the institutional framework for effective animal welfare governance at national and county levels. The Ministry of Agriculture and State Department of Livestock is advised to establish an Animal Welfare Division, and deploy sufficient number of Veterinary Officers at the National Veterinary Service. To lobby and advise the Council of Governors regarding the establishment of complementary Animal Welfare Officers in the 47 Counties of the Republic of Kenya. Action 1: To restructure and formalize appointment of nominees from all stakeholders and governance of AWAKE as the official OIE National Animal KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 29 of 49 Welfare Working Group, anchored within the structures of the Ministry responsible for animal health. This is in compliance with the OIE recommendations on promoting animal welfare by Member States The Cabinet Secretary and Principal Secretary State Department of Livestock to appoint a National Animal Welfare Strategy Coordination Committee to govern implementation of animal welfare programmes and priorities. Action 2: Conduct monitoring and evaluation on policy, legislation and institutional framework for animal welfare  OIE PVS Veterinary Legislation Follow Up Mission  World Animal Protection Animal Welfare Index follow up evaluation 4.2. Strategic objective 2: To strengthen communication, awareness, and advocacy on animal welfare in Kenya 4.2.1. Strategy 1: To develop and implement a comprehensive animal welfare communication, awareness and advocacy campaign strategy Communication of animal welfare information is currently not coordinated in the country, with each organization left to develop and deliver their content. This is commendable as the society is provided with information that supports improvements in animal welfare practices. The communication of animal welfare messages is notably delivered through electronic and print media, television and radio communication modes, periodic newsletters 4 delivery Despite efforts by the AWAKE and other animal welfare stakeholders, communication, awareness and advocacy programmes in the country are not 4 Some of the organisations that publish Animal Welfare focused newsletters in Kenya include (in alphabetical order); ANAW, Born Free Foundation, Brooke EA, Donkey Sanctuary –Kenya, East African Wild Life Society, KENDAT, KSPCA, Practical Action, and SPANA/Vetworks, among others. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 30 of 49 effectively coordinated. All major animal welfare actors have active and current websites containing their mandates, vision, mission and programme priorities and activities. Communication methods for animal welfare content have largely been through the use of print and electronic media, including radio, television programmes and newsletters, magazines and newspapers. The other forms of communication include social media (email, face-book, twitter and whatsapp) depending of the age and social categories of society. Use of religious and school meetings were identified as viable options. There is no national baseline data on the current KAP on animal welfare issues and standards among the various members of society. There is no national animal welfare communication, awareness and advocacy strategy to guide the activities of stakeholders and monitor progress. Advocacy skills and approaches for animal welfare require that they do not provoke political and security challenges and suspicion by government establishments. Several stakeholders and researchers recommended that need to strengthen awareness campaigns, advocacy and related programme activities in animal welfare. The competent authorities together with county and other governmental, inter-governmental, nongovernmental, and private sector agencies will develop strategies for the following aspects of animal welfare in Kenya; Strategy 1: To enhance animal welfare communication, awareness and advocacy in Kenya Action 1: To conduct a national KAP Survey on Animal Welfare using the Euro barometer approach as a template/benchmark Action 2: World Animal Protection Index Report to be circulated and discussed widely among stakeholders KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 31 of 49  International, county and community animal welfare awareness campaign strategy including key messages and approaches Although animal welfare issues have been regularly reported in the country, information on the level of awareness and in particular the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the society on animal welfare. A study report on work commissioned by the World Animal Protection described outcomes on work conducted in one of the 47 counties. A national survey is therefore recommended to determine the level of awareness and develop intervention strategies. The animal welfare awareness strategy should address issues dealing with the identified gaps, whose content should be comprehensively developed and delivered across all animal welfare sectors. 4.3. Strategic objective 3: To promote education, training, research and capacity building on animal welfare among all stakeholders In compliance with the VSVP Act CAP 366 Regulations, animal welfare is one of the mandatory courses taught (for 45 hours) by all recognized Animal Health Training Institutions in Kenya. Specifically, these include curricula for Bachelors degree in Veterinary Medicine at UoN and EU, Bachelor of Science degree in Animal Health at KU, PU, MKU, EG, CU, KEMU, JKUAT, MUST, Diploma in Animal Health at EU, PU, Kisii University, and University of Nairobi and Certificate in Animal Health at AHITI –Kabete, AHITI- Ndomba and AHITI Nyahururu. It is important to undertake an audit and impact assessment of this policy decision. Additional work is required to offer animal welfare courses for other programmes in the animal resource subsector including the Certificate and Diploma courses at KWS, Meat Training Institute, Dairy Training Institute, Naivasha and Bachelors of Science degree courses dealing with Terrestial and Aquatic Animals in Kenya. KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 32 of 49 Humane education and animal welfare education of other professionals involved in the animal value chains should be organized. These include animal owners and handlers, transporters, slaughterhouse operators, animal products processors. The Directorate of Veterinary Services would be responsible for coordination and implementation of this training programme in compliance with OIE standards. The training of community and religious leaders should be prioritized as it has been reported that religious, cultural and traditional values and beliefs are important drivers of animal welfare in most parts of the world, and certain segments of society in Kenya. (Halal training) The reported work done on humane education in primary schools by ANAW and KSPCA is commendable. The programme involves organizing school visits and formation of animal welfare clubs as part of extracurricular activities in selected schools. In order for this to have greater impact, it is important that animal welfare agencies as well as the Ministry of Livestock lobbies for inclusion of humane education in the education policy and national curriculum for primary schools. The initiative by ANAW to enter into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Kenya Curriculum Development Institute with the long-term aim of mainstreaming humane education in Kenya should therefore serve as a launching pad for this strategic objective. Importantly, a national Baseline and KAP Survey should be conducted to determine the current practices and level of awareness to inform development of a strategy to advance this objective. 4.3.1. Strategy 1: To develop and implement education, training, research, capacity building for animal welfare Training, capacity building, research, science and development programmes in animal welfare have been widely reported in Europe, Africa and Kenya in particular. These activities are implemented by different actors without adequate framework for coordination and collaboration. It is important to determine the training and capacity building needs for animal welfare in Kenya, which has KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 33 of 49 previously not been undertaken. In addition, there is need to develop a comprehensive national animal welfare research agenda based on existing sector problems and proposed sustainable intervention measures. Action 1: To develop and review curricula for veterinary education, animal health and related training in Kenya This will involve engagement of the DVS, KVB, OIE, AU-IBAR/IGAD, Deans of veterinary schools and Principals of AHTs. It will be preceded by a comprehensive curriculum needs assessment together with the human resource capacity assessment by the DVS Action 2: To develop, review and implement animal welfare education for all veterinary education, animal health, wildlife and agricultural science- based courses This will target additional programmes offered for certificate, diploma and Bachelors degree courses in animal science, wildlife, meat technology and animal husbandry Action 3: To conduct continuing professional education programmes and activities on animal welfare This will entail short courses and training, CPDs, field day activities, scientific conferences, workshops and seminars on animal welfare and celebrations. Action 4: To conduct scientific based research on animal welfare to inform advocacy, awareness, formulation of policies, legislation, standards and codes of practice Animal welfare is a science-based discipline and its advancement, monitoring, evaluation and reporting has to incorporate scientific expertise. Equally, the development of animal welfare standards, guidelines and best practice codes require good scientific and technical inputs, which should be implemented through a sound coordination framework. Furthermore, prioritization and KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 34 of 49 allocation of budget will be undertaken in an objective manner, based on agreed criteria. The existing practice for animal welfare research and science in the country requires to be streamlined. Action 5: To conduct a national baseline KAP Survey of animal welfare among all animal resource stakeholders and society in Kenya This action will target animal producers, animal handlers, transporters, slaughterhouse operations, religious and community leaders Action 6: To conduct a national Animal Welfare Training Needs Assessment and feasibility Study on Humane Education in Primary Schools in Kenya Action 6: To conduct a pilot study on corporate animal welfare among selected business enterprises in Kenya Advancements in animal welfare require Member States, governmental, intergovernmental, non-governmental, developmental, and private corporations to collaborate in allocation of resources for development of animal welfare in a holistic manner. Improvements in animal welfare require support in extension service delivery to farmers to comply with international and national standards. The initiatives to promote compliance such as those advanced by World Animal Protection, Compassion in World Farming, Humane Slaughter in European Union, World Bank, International Finance Corporation, FAO, OIE, and AU-IBAR should be adopted and applied in Kenya. This will also require the collaboration and support of animal owners, consumers and industry processors such as Kenya Meat Commission, Farmers Choice, Bradegate Industries, Kenchic, New KCC, Brookside Dairies etc. Investments infrastructure A thematic working group should be appointed to develop national standards and guidelines for the welfare of animals used in research, education and training. The scope of this issue should be extended to regulate all institutions that use animals, including schools that teach biology practicals using sentient animals, tertiary institutions, and research institutions at public and private universities, KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 35 of 49 and all animal research and development institutions including KAGRC, KMC, KALRO, KARI-TRC, PATTEC, ILRI, IPR, National Museums of Kenya, ADC, Short courses and CPD programmes in animal welfare will be developed and delivered on a regular basis to update veterinary professionals and all stakeholders on the status and progress being made on animal welfare in the counties, country, region and international arena. This will be coordinated by thematic working groups and the National Animal Welfare Strategy Coordination Committee. 4.4. Strategic objective 4: To develop a sustainable implementation framework for animal welfare programmes in Kenya 4.4.1. Strategy 1: To develop and manage a sustainable coordination structure to govern implementation of the animal welfare strategy and programmes Action 1: to Establish a National Animal Welfare Strategy Coordination Committee This will comprising representation by all animal welfare stakeholders, formally appointed by the Principal Secretary, State Department of Livestock based on the advice of the DVS, KVB, KVA, Deans and Principals of AHTs and Animal Welfare NGOs. Action 2: To appoint a National Animal Welfare Strategic Plan Implementation Secretariat within the State Department of Livestock Chaired by the CVO and comprising government officials and private sector representation. The structure should consider effective arrangements for engagement with the CVDSs, County Chief Executives and Council of Governors, among other strategic stakeholders. Action 3: To restructure and strengthen the technical capacity of the Animal Welfare Action Kenya KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 36 of 49 This is important to provide continuity and sustain existing momentum by providing human, technical and financial resources 4.4.2. Strategy 2: To develop and implement collaboration and partnerships in animal welfare Effective implementation of animal welfare programmes in the country will require an elaborate framework for fostering collaboration and partnerships among the various drivers in each of the six animal welfare sectors. The stakeholders who have been identified as actively engaged in the country will be organized and assigned specific roles and responsibilities for advancing animal welfare. This is based on the observations already reported elsewhere including the approach by the International Coalition for Animal Welfare 5 , which is represented at the OIE animal welfare standard setting platform. The current members of this coalition who have presence in Kenya 6 will be engaged to foster partnerships with emerging and operational animal welfare institutions in the country. In addition, national and regional animal welfare organizations should be supported in order to increase geographic and thematic coverage of all animal welfare sectors in the country. The collaboration that is ongoing in this area includes partnerships between World Animal Protection, Brooke EA and IFAW with several other governmental (KVB, KWS) and non-governmental organizations (KVA, KSPCA, Farming Systems –Kenya, KENDAT, Animal Welfare and Public Health – Kisumu). In Kenya, the strategy will seek to establish clear animal welfare partnerships with regional, continental and international animal welfare organizations including 5 International Coalition for Animal Welfare. http://www.icfaw.org/ Accessed on March 10, 2017 at 13:40 hrs 6 World Animal Protection, Pan African Alliance for Animal Welfare, Born Free, International Fund for Animal Welfare. http://www.icfaw.org/ KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) Page 37 of 49 Pan African Alliance for Animal Welfare, ICPALD, AU-IBAR, OIE, FAO, IFC, World Bank, EU and similar agencies). The objective of these partnerships will be to lobby and support national and county governments to fast-track development of animal welfare policies, legislations, standards and guidelines, to develop and support animal welfare institutional governance structures and strengthen humane education, research and development programmes. The strategy will strengthen existing partnerships and develop new ones with all organizations in the animal resource subsector, major industry processors (KMC, Farmers Choice, Quality Meat Products, and Kenchic), consumer organizations financial/business subsectors (KCB Foundation, Equity Bank, National Bank and similar institutions) In order to lobby for enhanced promotion and compliance of animal welfare principles and practices in the country, the strategy will seek collaboration and partnership with development partners in the animal resource subsector. Such partnerships by World Animal Protection and Compassion in World Farming have resulted in inclusion of animal welfare standards 4.4.3. Strategy 3: To develop and implement a national Animal Welfare Resource Mobilization Strategy Action 1: Review and consolidate Animal Welfare Resource Requirements Action 2: Secretariat and Animal Welfare Strategy Coordination Committee to develop proposals for funding 4.4.4. Strategy 4: To monitor, evaluate and report progress on National Animal Welfare Strategy Action Plan KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 38 of 49 Strategic objective 1. To develop and review the policy, legislative and institutional framework for animal welfare to comply with international standards Strategy 1: To develop comprehensive national animal welfare policy framework in compliance to international standards ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Review and develop a comprehensive national animal welfare policy framework Draft Veterinary Bill contains an outdated narrative compared to existing National Livestock Policy 2008 National Animal Welfare Policy developed MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders X 100,000 X X X X 2 Conduct National and Regional Validation Workshops I National and 4 Regional Validation Workshop for Animal Welfare Policy MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders X 500,000 X X X X KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 39 of 49 Strategic objective 1. To develop and review the policy, legislative and institutional framework for animal welfare to comply with international standards Strategy 2: To review and develop comprehensive national animal welfare legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice in compliance to international standards ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Fast-track review and approval of the Draft Animal Welfare Bill Draft Animal Welfare Bill approved by parliament MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders X 300,000 X 300,000 X X X 2 Develop National Animal Welfare Regulations covering all Welfare Sectors and Issues Animal Welfare Regulations developed and approved MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders/ Thematic Working Groups X 800,000 X KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 40 of 49 3 Draft and approve National Animal Welfare Standards and Codes of Practice for all sectors and issues Animal Welfare Standards and Codes developed and approved MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders/ Thematic Working Groups X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 4 Appoint Animal Welfare Expert Thematic Working Groups for all international issues Thematic AW Expert Working Groups appointed and operational MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders/ Thematic Working Groups X X X 600,000 X 600,000 X 600,000 Strategic objective 1. To develop and review the policy, legislative and institutional framework for animal welfare to comply with international standards Strategy 3: To restructure and reorganise the animal welfare institutional framework in compliance with international standards ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 41 of 49 1 Restructure and create a National Animal Welfare Governance Structure within the DVS Structure with adequate staff and budget AW Governance Structure formalised and Headed by Senior Officer/ allocated budget and resources MALF/CVO/VGLP H/OIE/AUIBAR/ IGAD/ NGOs Stakeholders/ Thematic Working Groups X 300,000 X 300,000 X 300,000 X 300,000 X 300,000 2 Lobby appointment of County level Animal Welfare Governance Structure MALF/CVO/CDVS/ CEC/COG OIE/ IGADKVA Stakeholders X 50,000 X 50,000 X X X 3 Reorganise AWAKE, nominate membership for formally appointment as National AWW Group and Secretariat MALF/CVO/CDVS/ CEC/COG OIE/ IGADKVA X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 Conduct OIE PVS Veterinary Education Support Mission OIE PVS MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD X 750,000 Strategic objective 2. To strengthen communication, awareness and advocacy on animal welfare KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 42 of 49 Strategy 1: To develop and implement comprehensive animal welfare communication, awareness and advocacy programme in Kenya ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Conduct (baseline and follow-up) Survey on Communication, Awareness and Advocacy in animal welfare Baseline survey on communication, awareness and advocacy conducted MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/ Stakeholders X 750,000 X 750,000 2 Develop Communication, Awareness and Advocacy Strategy for Animal Welfare AW Communication, Awareness and Advocacy Strategy developed MALF/OIE/ AU-IBAR/IGAD/ VGLPH/ NGOs/ Stakeholders X 500,000 3 Conduct Animal Welfare Communication, Awareness and Advocacy Training for Veterinary Training of Trainers 5 Day Workshop for 100 Government Officers selected from 47 Counties MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/ Stakeholders X 500,000 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 43 of 49 Professionals in governmental, intergovernmental, non-governmental agencies 4 500 Government Veterinary Officers trained on Animal Welfare Communication, Awareness and Advocacy MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/NGOs/ Stakeholders X 50,000 X 50,000 X 50,000 X 50,000 X 50,000 5 Develop and implement National and County Animal Welfare Awareness Programme AW Communication, Awareness and Advocacy Programme implemented MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/NGOs/ Stakeholders X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 Establish Corporate Animal Welfare Framework for the country World Animal Protection led Business Benchmarks for Farm Animal Welfare MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/ Stakeholders X 20,000 x 20,000 X 20,,000 X 20,000 X 20,000 Strategic objective 3. To promote education, training, research and capacity building programmes on animal welfare KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 44 of 49 Strategy 1: To develop and review veterinary curricula to update and comply with international standards ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Review veterinary curricula and harmonise with emerging national, regional and OIE standards and emerging National KVB Minimum Veterinary Curriculum Reviewed and harmonised to OIE standards MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/NGOs/ Welfare Stakeholders X 500,000 2 Review and harmonise all animal health curricula in AHTs and related institutions to harmonise with national, regional and OIE standards National harmonised curriculum for AHTs and related programmes MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/ VGLPH/KVB/KVA/ / Deans/Principals Stakeholders X 500,000 3 Develop and implement animal welfare training programmes in all veterinary, agricultural and animal based Animal Welfare Training in All VEEs/AHTs and other training institutions MALF/OIE/ AUIBAR/IGAD/ VGLPH/ Stakeholders X 200,000 X X X X KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 45 of 49 training institutions 4 Conduct CPDs, Workshops, Seminars, Conferences and Practical Field based Animal Welfare Education programmes Number of CPDs, Workshops, Seminars and Conferences on Animal Welfare MALF/OIE/AU IBAR/IGAD/VGLP H/NGOs/ Welfare Stakeholders X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 Strategic objective 3. To promote education, training, research and capacity building programmes on animal welfare Strategy 2: To develop and implement scientific based research framework and agenda for animal welfare ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Develop animal welfare research agenda and framework for research grants Animal Welfare Research agenda developed and implemented MALF/CVO/Deans/ Directors/Principals of Veterinary Schools/AHTs/ NGOs/ X 200,000 X 200,000 X 200,000 X 200,000 X 200,000 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 46 of 49 Stakeholders 2 Conduct joint Animal Welfare scientific research programmes and projects Number of Joint AW Research Projects MALF/CVO/Deans/ Directors/Principals of Veterinary Schools/AHTs/ NGOs/ Stakeholders X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 Strategic objective 3. To promote education, training, research and capacity building programmes on animal welfare Strategy 3: To develop and implement animal welfare education, training and capacity building programmes for stakeholders including animal producers, handlers, transporters, community and religious leaders, primary schools ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Training Needs Assessment/Feasibility Study to inform proposal for AW Education in Primary Schools Feasibility study report MALF/CVO/Deans/ Directors/Principals of VEE /AHTs NGOs/ Stakeholders/MES T/KICD X 200,000 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 47 of 49 Strategic objective 4. To develop an sustainable implementation framework for animal welfare strategy Strategy 1: To and manage a sustainable coordination governance structure for the strategy ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 National Animal Welfare Strategy Coordination Committee, Steering Committee National Strategy Coordination Committee operational MAR/CVO/OIE/AU IBAR/VGLPH/ IGAD/NGOs/Stake holders 150,000 X 150,0000 X 150,0000 X 150,000 X 150,000 2 Develop and operate an institutionalized Animal Welfare Strategy Secretariat in MALF/IGAD Animal Welfare Strategy Secretariat MALF/CVO/OIE /AUIBAR/VGLPH/I GAD/NGOs/Deans and Principals/ Stakeholders X 400,000 X 400,000 X 400,000 X 400,000 X 400,000 3 Strengthen the Technical Capacity and Collaboration between CVO/ AU-IBAR/IGAD and International AW Agencies CVO/IGAD Animal Welfare Governance Structure Strengthened MALF/CVO/OIE /AUIBAR/VGLPH/ IGAD/NGOs /Deans of VEEs X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 X 500,000 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 48 of 49 4 Develop National, State, Regional, Continental and International Collaboration with ordination of Animal Welfare Programmes International Animal Welfare Partnership including the International Coalition for Animal Welfare Continental Animal Welfare Partnership including Pan Africa Animal Welfare Alliance MALF/CVO/OIE /AUIBAR/VGLPH/ IGAD/NGOs/ Deans of Veterinary Schools Principals of AHTs X 250,000 X 250,000 X 250,000 X 250,000 X 2500,000 5 Partnerships between National and International Animal Welfare Organizations International animal welfare partnerships MALF/CVO/OIE /AU-IBAR/VGLPH/ IGAD/NGOs/ Stakeholders X 250,000 X 250,000 X 250,000 X 250,000 X 250,000 Strategic objective 4. To develop an sustainable implementation framework for animal welfare strategy Strategy 2: To develop and manage a sustainable resource mobilisation mechanism for animal welfare ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 KENYA NATIONAL ANIMAL WELFARE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2017-2022) IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET Page 49 of 49 Strategic objective 4. To develop an sustainable implementation framework for animal welfare strategy Strategy : To develop and implement monitoring and evaluation of the national animal welfare strategy ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ACTORS 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 1 Monitoring, evaluation and reporting based on monthly, quarterly and annual reporting based on achievement of performance indicators Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Reports MALF/CVO/OIE/A U-IBAR/IGAD/ Secretariat National AW Strategy Coordination Committee X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 X 100,000 29,680,000 6,170,000 10,650,000 3,820,000 4,520,000 4,520,000