Islamic Penal Code of I.R. of Iran

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻀﺎء‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ -٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ دﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯات اﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺨﻂ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻀﺎء‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺨﻂ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﺰ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ دﺭ ﻣﻮﺍد ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻮد ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭﻝ ـ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫دﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﺎدﻩ ﮔﺮدد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ اوﻝ ـ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ دﻳﻮﺍﻧﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬دﺍدﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اوﻝ ـ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﻬﻢ دﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ دﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺭﺍ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ ﻞ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ دﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﻭد‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺁﺭﺍء ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴﻪ ﻛﻼً ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎً دﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎص‪ ،‬دﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺎﻱ ﺻﺎدﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ دﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﻗﻮع‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﻨﺎد ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺎدﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻪ دﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ -٩‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫دﻭﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺳﻜﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ دﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺧﺎص ﻳﺎ ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ھﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭد ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻛﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ دﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ دﺭ ھﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دﺭ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ٦‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﻥ دﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوﻡ ـ ﻗﻠﻤﺮو اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫دﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻮد ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ دﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺰاﺋﻲ دﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺧﻮد دﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ دﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ دﺭ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ ﻗﻠﻤﺮو اﺟﺮاي ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺴﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬دﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ھﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺰاﺋﻲ دﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ دﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭدﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ -١٠‬دﺭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎﺕ دﻭﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ دﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ٤‬ھﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻥ دﺭ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ٧‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭد ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ دﺭ ﻣﻮﺍد ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ھﻴﭻ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺒﺎع ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ دﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد دﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ دﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬دﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ دﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﺎدﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻛﺮد ﻟﻜﻦ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﻩ ‪ - ٥‬ھﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ دﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ دﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﻮد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺮﻭﺿﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ دﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺏ‪ -‬دﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻬﻢ دﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺎدﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬دﺍدﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ دﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪:‬‬ ‫دﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼً ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎً دﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ دﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻻﺣﻖ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮد‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ دﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮد ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ دﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺿﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻮط ﺁﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪ .‬دﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺫھﻨﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ھﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻼً ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ھﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻧﻘﺾ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻻﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭت‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺎﺭت ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ت‪ -‬ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ دوﻡ ـ ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﮫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -١٩‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺼﻞ اوﻝ ـ ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﮫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ھﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -١٤‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻻﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍت ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﺰھﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭت ﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫)‪(١.٠٠٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ت‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﻭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭت ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍت ﻓﻮق ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭت‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪت ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎص‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺷﺨﺎص ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢٠‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ )‪(٥٥٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -١٥‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ )‪(١.٠٠٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺭًﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -١٦‬ﻗﺼﺎص ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺼﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎت ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺼﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ )‪(٣٦٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎت ﺩﻋﻮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ ﻭﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫)‪(٥٥٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -١٧‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻘﺪﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ت‪ -‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٤‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(١٨٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ ﻗﺼﺎص ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﺼﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ )‪(٣٦٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﮫﺎﺭﻡ ـ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻮدﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -١٨‬ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﮫﺎ و دادﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎص ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮي‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎت ﺷﺮﻋـﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍت ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫)‪(٨٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ )‪(١٨٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍت ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍت‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪3‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ھﺸﺘﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٢‬ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻋ ﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٤‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ھﺪﻑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭع ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ھﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮًﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دﻭﻡ ـ ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﻬﺎي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٥‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫)‪(٨٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺯﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩﻭﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٣‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪ )ﺏ(‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﻋﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢٠‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢١٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺸﻤﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ھﺰﻳﻨﻪ ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔﻞ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (١٤٣‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻧ ﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫)‪ (١٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﭼﻚ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫)‪ (٢٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻲ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺳﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺡ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺗﺒﺎع ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻬﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺥ ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪٨‬‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺫ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭھﻬﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ‬ ‫)‪(١٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻐﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ١‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ژ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﻌﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪١‬ـ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪٢‬ـ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢١‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﻼﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ھﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪4‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎھﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٦‬ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ھﺮ ﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﻌﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ھﺸﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ(‪) ،‬ﺏ( ﻭ)پ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﺍھﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ھﻴﺄﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ اﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﺪﻱ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎھﺶ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٧‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﺭﺍھﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ھﻴﺄﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﺎء ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﺍھﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭھﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎھﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺼﺪھﺰﺍﺭ)‪(٣٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭﺳﻴﻤﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻴٌﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩھﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٨‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎھﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ھﺮ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻱ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ھﻴﺄﺕ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻭ ﻃﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﻳﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪١‬ـ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺍھﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٢٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺫ ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺭ‪ -‬ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ھﻴﺄﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺮﻭع ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻭھﺸﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺒﻌﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮھﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪5‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺕ‪ -‬ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻭﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺙ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﭘﻮﺭﺳﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺥ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺍھﻴﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺫ ‪ -‬ﭘﻮﻟﺸﻮﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺭ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺯ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﭼﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ھﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﭼﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٣٩‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ـ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯات ﻭ‬ ‫ھﻔﺖ ﻭ ھﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ اﺯ آﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٣٧‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺗﺒﺎع ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥‬ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﮕﺎﻥ ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ پ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﺗﺎ ھﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺯ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻮع ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺿﺎع ﻭ ﺍﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍع ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٣٨‬ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻼھﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫)‪(١.٠٠٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ھﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ھﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ – ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺍﻭﺿﺎع ﻭ ﺍﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ)‪(١.٠٠٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﺑﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻓﺘﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻧﺪﺍﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺭﺷﺎء ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤١‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﺱ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺣﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺝ ‪ -‬ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪6‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ھﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٧‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻭع ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ھﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﺩﻡ ﺭﺑﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬھﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻗﻮ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺤﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺕ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫)‪(١٠٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻭ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ھﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻐﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٨‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٥‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٩‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺿﺪﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﺮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩھﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﺟﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ -٤٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯات‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٥٠‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٤٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪7‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ھﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩھﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻟﻐﻮ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻟﻐﻮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻃﻼع ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻓﺼﻞ ھﻔﺘﻢ ـ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ آﺯادي‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٥٦‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٥٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٥٩‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﻬﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺟﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﻴ ﻤﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩھﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٦٠‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺿﺎع ﻭ ﺍﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺃﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ھﺸﺘﻢ ـ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ آﺯادي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻟﻐﻮ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭط‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٥٨‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٦١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺃﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍ ﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪8‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٦٦‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٢‬ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﮕﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳ ﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻘﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ)ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ(ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٤‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫)‪(١٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻘﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٥‬ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣‬ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﻇﺮﻑ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٦٧‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ھﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٦‬ﻣﻼﻙ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٦٦‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮﺧﻮﺍھﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ ـ ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٦٨‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٧‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٦٩‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻭﺿﺎع ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٨‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳ ﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺨﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٠‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻃﻼع ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮع ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧٩‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍع ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﺠﺰ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎھﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ھﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٧١‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺗﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ھﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ پ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ھﻴﺄﺕ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٨٥‬ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ھﺸﺘﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٨٠‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٨٤‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺼﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺍﻟﻒ(ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٨٣‬پ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)پ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٨١‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺼﺖ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺕ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ(ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ھﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﺎ ھﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﻞ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬پ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)پ(ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﻞ ﺗﺎ ھﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺕ(ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ھﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ھﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ھﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺻﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺼﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﺻﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٨٦‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ھﺸﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ )‪(٩.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٨٣‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺵ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٨٢‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(٩.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ھﺠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(١٨.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ پ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)پ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٨٣‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺟﺮﺍءﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ھﺠﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ) ‪(١٨.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﺑﻪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ھﻤﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(٣٦.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺕ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٨٣‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻛﺎﺭھﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(٣٦.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٨٣‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺩﻭﺭھﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ )‪ (٧٢.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٣‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٨٧‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩھﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٤‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻤﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دھﻢ ـ ﻣﺠﺎﺯاﺗﻬﺎ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺬﻭﺭﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ اﻃﻔﺎﻝ و‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪10‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٨٨‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺕ( ﻭ)ﺙ( ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺕ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(١.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻦ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺙ( ﺩﺭ )‪(١٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺼﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺪھﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎء ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ )‪(١.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻇﺒﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ھﺸﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺕ(ﻭﻳﺎ)ﺙ(‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ )پ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ(‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻭ ھﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ)پ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻥ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮھﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺧﺮ ھﻔﺘﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺎء ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻚ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻀﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٨٩‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٩٠‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ھﺠﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭھﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﻨﺪ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎء ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺏ‪ -‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(١١٧٣‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻃﻔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٩١‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ھﺠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎھﻴﺖ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(١٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ)‪(٤٠.٠٠٠.٠٠٠‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪11‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺣﻖ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺍﺙ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ھﻤﮕﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺙ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ھﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٣‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻭع ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻋﺎً ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٣‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٤‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺣﺪﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﮕﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭع ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺃﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ)‪،(٦٣٢) ،(٦٢٢) ،(٦٠٨) ،(٥٩٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٤‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪،(٦٦٨) ،(٦٤٨) ،(٦٤٢) ،(٦٣٣‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫)‪،(٦٧٩) ،(٦٧٧) ،(٦٧٦) ،(٦٦٩‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫)‪،(٦٩٠) ،(٦٨٥) ،(٦٨٤) ،(٦٨٢‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦٩٩) ،(٦٩٨) ،(٦٩٧) ،(٦٩٤) ،(٦٩٢‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻗﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﻡ»ﺣﺪﻭﺩ« ﻭ )‪ (٧٠٠‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٥‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ »ﻗﺼﺎﺹ« ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ـ ﻣﺮوﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻮط ﻭ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻳﺎﺯدھﻢ ـ ﺳﻘﻮط ﻣﺠﺎﺯات‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٥‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ اوﻝ ـ ﻋﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠١‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺠّﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٦‬ﻋﻔﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮط ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٧‬ﻋﻔﻮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻭ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟ ﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺮط ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻖٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٨‬ﻋﻔﻮ‪ ،‬ھﻤﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ دوﻡ ـ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٩٩‬ﻧﺴﺦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭع ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻀﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺟﻮﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎع‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪھﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪12‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ھﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺎﻃﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭع ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭع ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺷﺮﻭع ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﻣﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻭع‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻃﻼع ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٩‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍط ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻼھﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻏﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٦‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ پ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﻘﻮط ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ )‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٠٧‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ھﻔﺖ ﻭ ھﺸﺖ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭع ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭط ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻐﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭط‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻟﻐﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٢‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ھﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٧‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ھﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ھﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ(ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٨‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻭع ﻣﻮﺍﺩ)‪،(٤٦) ،(٤٥) ،(٤٠) ،(٣٩) ،(٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻭع ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ )‪ (٩٣) ،(٩٢‬ﻭ )‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٦‬ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٣‬ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎھﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺗﺒﺎع ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻘﻮط ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪13‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﻣﺖ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ پ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﻴﺴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﻮءﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺗﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﺯﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻠﻐﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟ ﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺕ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٨‬ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺷﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٣‬ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١١٩‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪھﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ اﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ دﺭأ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ دﻭﻡ ـ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ دﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٥‬ھﺮ ﻛﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢١‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺕ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻭﻝ ـ ﺷﺮﻭع ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٢‬ھﺮ ﻛﺲ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ ھﻔﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺼﺪﺵ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺕ( ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ دﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٦‬ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٨‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﺮﻛﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪14‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ھﺮﻛﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻐﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٢٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ھﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺷﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ؛ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻐﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﺩﺭ ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻧﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺟﻢ ﻭ ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ـ ﺳﺮدﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺟﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٤‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﻬﺎﻱ ھﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺸﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٠‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٤‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ھﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺍھﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍء ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧ ﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﺴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍء ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﺣﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ١‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎ ﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ھﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻨﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﺳﺮﺩﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪھﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ ﺗﻜﺮاﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ﺗﻌﺪد ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ھﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣١‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺣﺪ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٧‬ھﺮ ﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪15‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﺘﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٨‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﺮﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٣٩‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٥‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎھﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻬﻌﻤﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻏﻔﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺪ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دﻭﻡ ـ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٦‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ـ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮي‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻭﻝ ـ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٧‬ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٠‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٨‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﻡ »ﻗﺼﺎﺹ« ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤١‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺰﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٢‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻮﻩ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٤٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻱ ﻣﺨﻞ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪16‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٢‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻑ ﻋﻘﻼﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﮔﺎھﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻋﻤﻼً ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺾ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ھﻢ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻔﺎﻱ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ھﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٣‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٤‬ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺁﻣﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﺮﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻬﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺰ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ادﻟﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت دﺭ اﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮي‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻭﻝ ـ ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٠‬ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٧‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٥‬ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﺩﺗﺎً ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺷﺮﻋﺎً ﻋﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٨‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٥٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ھﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٢‬ھﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺩﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍھﻢ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪17‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٧‬ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺥ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺥ ‪ -‬ﻭﻟﮕﺮﺩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺧﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دﻭﻡ ـ اﻗﺮاﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٤‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٥‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٨‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٣‬ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٦‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﺟﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٠‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٧‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺠّﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎھﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ ﺷﻬﺎدت‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٨‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻮ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٤‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺩﻋﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺻﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨١‬ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﺰﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٦٩‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺫﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺍھﻲ ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍھﻞ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٥‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﻖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﮔﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻨﺎﻩ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺻﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٠‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٧٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻭﺭﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ١٨٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪18‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﻬﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﻜﺸﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺍھﻲ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻉ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺪﻭﺵ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩١‬ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٨‬ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﺡ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٣‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍء‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭ ﺟﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٤‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٩‬ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٢‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺟﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ھﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٣‬ﺟﺮﺡ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺡ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٦‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺡ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺍھﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺯﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺩھﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺷﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺩ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎھﺪﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺍھﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﺮﺳﻨﺪ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٨‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ـ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻇﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠١‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍھﻲ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٢‬ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺻﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٣‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٩٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ١٨٩‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺟﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩھﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﭙﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﺩﺍء ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪19‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١١‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻴّﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﺩ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٤‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻴّﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩ ﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ھﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺍء ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٥‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭھﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍء ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﺎﺑﻄﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻋﻠﻢ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺮّﺩ ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٦‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ پ‪ -‬ﺟﺰء ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻼﻙ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻬﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴّﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻛ ﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٧‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺩﻋﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٨‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺮﺱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٠٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎھﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻳﻲ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻬﻌﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٤‬ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ھﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻓﺎﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺎﻝ ھﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺶ ﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍء ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٥‬ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺮﺱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٦‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪20‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻼﻍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗُﺒُﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺩُﺑُﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ دوﻡ ‪ -‬ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٦‬ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـ ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٢‬ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗُﺒُﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢١٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ھﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺨﻮﺍھﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗُﺒُﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ـ ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﺯﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻕ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﻛﻨ ﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗُﺒُﻞ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻭﻱ ﺑ ﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻋﺎﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗُﺒُﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮھﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺖ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٧‬ﺍﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٤‬ﺣﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﻋﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻏﻔﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺪﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﻡ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻥ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﻔﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﻡ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﺩ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢١٩‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺏ( ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٩‬ﻣﺮﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩھﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺯﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ)پ( ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺪ ﻭﻱ ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٠‬ﺣﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻏﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺼﺖ ﻭ ھﻔﺘﻢ)‪ (١٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺑﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺯﻥ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻒ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ دوﻡ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢٥‬ﺣﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٢١‬ﺯﻧﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻨﻪ ﺭﺟﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻘﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧ ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺟﻢ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪21‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٤‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ھﻢ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﺎً ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوﻡ ‪ -‬ﻟﻮﺍط‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ و‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٣‬ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٨‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٥‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ھﻤﺠﻨﺲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٤‬ﺣﺪ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٦‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٩‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ )ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ( ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻒ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻨﻒ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﻋﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺍﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ھﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ »ﺗﻮ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻲ « ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ »ﺗﻮ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﭘﺪﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻲ«‪ ،‬ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎ ھﻤﺎﻥ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﻱ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ھﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻏﻔﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍھﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٥‬ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﻮﺍدي‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٢‬ﻗﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ھﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ »ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺯﻥ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ« ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺫﻑ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢٥٠‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺤﺼﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢٤٤‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢٥١‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻨﻒ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٤٣‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺩ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٣٧‬ھﻤﺠﻨﺴﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺨﻴﺬ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻼﻣﺴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻬﻮﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪22‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﻴﺎء ﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺷﻨﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٨‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻗﺬﻑ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺯھﺮﺍ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺷﻨﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٢‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻇﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻏﻔﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٩‬ﭘﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪ ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ھﻤﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٠‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﺫﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻮھﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ھﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍھﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ھﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻃﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ‪ -‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺫﻑ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٤‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩھﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺧﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٤‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻉ)ﺁﺏ ﺟﻮ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ(‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺫﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٥‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٥‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٦‬ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﻱ ﺯﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺗﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٦‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﺖ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ھﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺙ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻨﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﺬﻑ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ھﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻇﺎھﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺙ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻈﺎھﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٥٧‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ھﻔﺘﻢ ‪ -‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ‪ -‬ﺳﺐّ ﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺠﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٢‬ھﺮ ﻛﺲ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٧‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪23‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٨‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ھﺸﺘﻢ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺯھﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٩‬ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺟﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺷﻲء ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﺷﺮﻋﺎً ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﻋﺎﺏ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٤‬ﺭﺑﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ھﺘﻚ ﺣﺮﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﻜﺸﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ھﺘﻚ ﺣﺮﺯ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﺨﻔﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺳﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪ ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺑﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺸﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ھﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺐ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻧﺨﻮﺩ ﻃﻼﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٦‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٠‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻭھﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺥ ‪ -‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺤﻄﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨١‬ﺭﺍھﺰﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺭﻗﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻗﭽﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﻧﺰﺩ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺫ ‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺒﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٢‬ﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢٧٨‬ﺣﺪ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﺐ‬ ‫ژ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﺴﺖ ﻭ پ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻱ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻧﻔﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﭘﺎﻱ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٦٩‬ﺣﺮﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٣‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﺮﻓﺎً ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٢٨٢‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٤‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻏﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻭ ﺣﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛ ﻪ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ھﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﺯ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧١‬ھﺘﻚ ﺣﺮﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٥‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺣﺮﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺪ)پ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ ‪ -‬ﺑﻐﻲ و ﺍﻓﺴﺎد ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٧٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻرﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﻔﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٦‬ھﺮﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪24‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻴ ﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺎﺫﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺮﺍﻕ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺤﺸﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩١‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺍﻣﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻴﺖ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺷﺎﻋﻪ ﺏ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺤﺸﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺍھﺪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﺧﻼﻝ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜ ﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺤﺸﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻲء ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٠٢‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ھﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٧‬ﮔﺮﻭھﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٢‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺾ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٨٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ‪ ،‬ﺕ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻤﺐ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ( ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﮔﺎھﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻭ)پ(‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻡ و ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﮔﺎھﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢٨٩‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ)پ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﮔﺎھﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٢٩٠‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪25‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠١‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٩‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ھﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ھﺮﺩﻭ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٣٠٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ)‪،(٢٩٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫)‪ (٢٩٨) ،(٢٩٧‬ﻭ )‪ (٢٩٩‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺪھﺪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوﻡ ‪ -‬ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ـ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (١٥٦‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮھﺮ ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ )ﺏ( ﻭ )پ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺕ( ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٢٩٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮِ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪26‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﻱ ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٣٠٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ«‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١١‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٣٠٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٠٢‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٤‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٥‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٩‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٦‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرﻡ ‪ -‬رﺍھﻬﺎي ﺍﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٢‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎھﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭﻝ»ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ« ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻗﻪ ھﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٣‬ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮگ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺫﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎھﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪھﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎھﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٠٧‬ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ -١‬ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻣﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٤‬ﻟﻮﺙ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎھﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻇﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻭﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٥‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻇﻦ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪27‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢١‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٦‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺣﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٧‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﺙ‪،‬‬ ‫ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ھﺮﻳﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺎﻣ ﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٩‬ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗ ﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺟﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻉ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٥‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﻖ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣١٩‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣١‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺣﻖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ ﺩھﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٢٠‬ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺩﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻭ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪28‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺩﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ھﻤﻴﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٣‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺨﻮﺍھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺮﻭﻱ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻭﻍ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻤﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٦‬ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻌﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٧‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰء ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٥‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺩﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ھﻤﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪھﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻼﻥ ھﻤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ھﻤﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪھﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻤﮕﻲ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٩‬ﺩﺭﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ھﻤﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭﻝ» ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ« ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٣٥‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٠‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٧‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎھﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٨‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٩‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺑﺨﻮﺍھﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤١‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻇﻦ ﻭ ﮔﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺨﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ؛ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻭﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍء‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٠٢‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٤٢‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺩﺍءﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪29‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٥‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥١‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ھﻤﺴﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ھﺮ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﻴﺒﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻳﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ھﻤﺴﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﻴﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ - ٣٦٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ھﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲﱢ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦١‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ھﻤﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍء‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺮگ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ – ٣٦٧‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٦٦‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٥٥‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٥٤‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٣‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ – ٣٥٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٤‬ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪30‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻃﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ھﻤﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ‪ -‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ در ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ھﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٦‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٦٩‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﺎ ھﺮﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٠‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٧‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٨‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ھﻤﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺮگ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﮔﺎھﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺵ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩھﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺭھﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ھﻤﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٣٧١‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ دﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎص ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻤﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨١‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ھﻔﺘﻢ ‪ -‬اﻛﺮاﻩ در ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ھﻤﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٧٥‬ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺯﻥ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪31‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٧‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﻤﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ھﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٨‬ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ«‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴ ﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺳﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ھﻤﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻥ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٩‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﺸﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻟﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٥‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎھﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﻡ )ﻣﺤﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺫﻱ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻪ( ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻜﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺼﻞ دﻭﻡ ‪ -‬ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻗﺼﺎص ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻼﺣﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎء ﻣﻴﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﻧﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﭻ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﻬﻤﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﺸﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺧﻮﻑ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎص ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺼﺎص ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺙ‪ -‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٨٦‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺝ ـ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪32‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٥‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺍﻭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭼﭗ ھﻢ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭼﺸﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٤‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٦‬ﭘﻠﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻚ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﮋﻩ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﭘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎء ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﻠﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﺎﺑﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠١‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻣﻐﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٧‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ھﺎﺷﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣُﻨﻘّﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﻡ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٨‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٥‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﺲ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٩‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻻﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﻝ‬ ‫ھﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻻﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٦‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٧‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١١‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ھﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ھﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﻨﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻻﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٠٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻗﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺭﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻗﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٣٩٩‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪33‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢١‬ھﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﺼﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٦‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٢‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﻲ ھﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٤‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ھﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺫﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٥‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٣‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ«‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٨‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٤‬ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ھﻢ ﺯﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎرﻡ ‪ -‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍي ﻗﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺮﻳﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻏﻴﺒﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﻭ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻏﻴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺒﺖ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻋﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺬﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺭھﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤١٩‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻜﻮ ﻡٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮگ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٥‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٢٠‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ «‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺴﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪34‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻤﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺩھﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻃﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ھﻤﻪ ﺩﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻧﺨﻮﺍھﺪ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣١‬ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺮگ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺒﺨﺸﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺩﺍء ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍي ﻗﺼﺎص ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻖ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺩﺍء ﻳﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٩‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻋﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺬﺍء ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ھﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوﻡ‪ -‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍي ﻗﺼﺎص ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٦‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ھﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍھﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٠‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻮﺭًﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍء ﻛﺮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٧‬ﺯﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻢ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻃﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٣٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪35‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ دﻳﻪ و ﻣﻮﺍرد آﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٨‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ رﺍھﻬﺎي ﺍﺛﺒﺎت دﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٤‬ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٥‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٩‬ﺍﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻉ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﻨﻴٌﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻭ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺻﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺙ ﻭ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٣‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻢ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﺭﺍ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻃﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺷﺶ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٤‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ ﺣﺲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ ﺣﺴﻲ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٥‬ﻣﺪﺍﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻲ ﺣﺲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ دوﻡ ـ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ دﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٦‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ھﻤﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ ١‬ـ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٢‬ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٤٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺫﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ»ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ « ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺮﺍء ﻭ ﺗﻬﺎﺗﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ ٢‬ـ ﺩﺭ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ )‪ (٦١٢‬ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﺭﺙ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (٦١٤‬ﻭ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﻴﺒﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭼﻬﺎرﻡ ‪ -‬دﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍوﻝ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪36‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﺎء ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٨‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻧﻜﻮﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٥٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺛﻮﻕ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٥‬ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٦‬ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٧‬ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺛﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻼﻙ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ھﺪﻑ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺁﮔﺎھﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎء ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٨‬ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺮگ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ھﻤﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرﻡ ـ ﻣﺴﺆوﻝ ﭘﺮدﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﻨ ﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫دﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٢‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٩‬ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺮگ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎﻧﻜﻮﻝ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٦٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﻱ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺧﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪37‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻱ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻮﺙ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪» .‬ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ« ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻤﮕﻲ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺏ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﭘﺮدﺍﺧﺖ دﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٨‬ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﻋﻴﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﻡ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ھﻤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻬﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ھﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺮﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡٌ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٧٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪھﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٩‬ﺩﺭﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭھﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻇﺮﻑ ھﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ھﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻑ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ھﻤﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻮﺙ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺨﻮﺍھﺪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٨١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﺍﺩﻋﺎء ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻮﺙ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪38‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻧﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻗﻬﺮﻱ ھﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﭘﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٢‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻲ ﭘﺮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﭘﺮﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻤﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٣‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٤٩٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٤٩٢‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٤‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪھﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺤﺎء ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪١‬ـ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﺱ ﺑﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮﻱ ھﻢ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ھﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ – ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻱ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺛﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺍژﮔﻮﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ ﻗﻬﺮﻱ ھﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﻭﻟﻲّ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﻜﺸﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ھﺮﺍﺱ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﻋﺎﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻤﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٦‬ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻧﻮﺍع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻣﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍھﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٤٩٦‬ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﺮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﭼﺎھﻲ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻧﻮﺍع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٤٩٥‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪39‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ -٥٠٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻗﻬﺮﻱ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻟﻲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ھﻴﭽﻜﺲ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١١‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺍھﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭھﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٥٠٧‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻲء ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ ٢‬ـ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎھﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺫﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺫﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻲء ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼع ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻏﻮﺍء‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻼع‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭھﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٥٠٧‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺫﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﺶ ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺘﻲ ھﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻣﺮگ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻗﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٠٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪40‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﺖ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٢‬ﻣﺘﺼﺮﻑ ھﺮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺩﻓﺎع ﻣﺸﺮﻭع ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﻭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﮔﺎھﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎھﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ھﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲء ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻌﺎً ﺩﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ)‪(١‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥١٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻧﺪھﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻲء ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪًﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻥ ﺩھﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ھﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺫﻧﺪھﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲّ ﺍﻭ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨﺎھﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻧﻨ ﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ھﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ھﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻭ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٢٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪41‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻋﺎً ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﭼﺎھﻲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻋﻤﺪًﺍ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺯﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﺼﻞ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮًﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻬﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ھﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ھﻤﻪ‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﻮع ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮع ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ھﻔﺘﻢ ـ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ و ﺗﻌﺪد دﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ھﻤﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺫﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ھﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﻤﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺏ‪ -‬ھﻤﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ پ‪ -‬ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ھﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ھﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎً ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﻮع ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﺮگ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺮگ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ھﻤﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٣٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪(٥٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪42‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺒﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ دوﻡ ـ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ دﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻭع ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎھﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺯﻣﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﺮﺏ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اوﻝ ـ دﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺮﺏ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻩ ﺟﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭع ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻐﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٩‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺮع ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻛ ﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٦‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٠‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﻟﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥١‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻨﺜﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻨﺜﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻨﺜﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺯﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٧‬ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٢‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻡ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺯﻧﺎ ﻓﺼﻞ دوﻡ ـ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ دﻳﻪ‬ ‫اﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٣‬ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ھﻤﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻘّﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﺯ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍء ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻘّﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮع ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭھﺒﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺷﺮﻋﺎً ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟ ﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٤٨‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٥٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٠‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎھﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻬﺴﺒﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻳﺎ »ﻣﺤﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻪ« ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪43‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧١‬ﺩﺭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻼﻙ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﻠﻞ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻓﺎً ﻳﻚ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٧‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺯﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ھﻔﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁ ﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٨‬ﺩﺭﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٣‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ھﻴﭻ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻇﺎھﺮﻱ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻬﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ھﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٤‬ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٩‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٥‬ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ھﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٥‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ اﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ھﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ اﻭﻝ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٦‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻱ ﻛﻢ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺴﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٧‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩھﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ھﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎً ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٦٦‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻱ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ھﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪44‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٤‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٨‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻱ ﭘﻠﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٩‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٠‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﭼﺸﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٧٩‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭ ﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺴﻲ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻚ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٠‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻭﻳﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩١‬ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻜﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺛﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﻭﻳﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻮﻡ ـ دﻳﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٦‬ﻣﻼﻙ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٢‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺮﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ دﻭﻡ ـ دﻳﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٧‬ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨١‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺮﻭھﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺸﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻨﺪ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺐ ﻛﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ھﻢ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٣‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻟﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺮﻭﻳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻜﺪھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٢‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺮﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٨‬ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٤‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻱ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ھﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٨٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺶ ﻧﺎﺑﻴﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺮﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪45‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻇﺎھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٥‬ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٤‬ﮔﻮﺵ ﺷﻨﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﻟﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٦‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﺲ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻟﺐ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﮔﻲ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺣﺎﺭﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻣﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٥‬ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﮔﻮﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﻼﺣﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺲ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٧‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١١‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺲ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻧﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٨‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٧‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ھﺮﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٥٩٩‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻟﻜﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩھﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻟﺐ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ـ دﻳﻪ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩھﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٠‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٢‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ھﺎ ﺟﺰء ﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻻﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٨‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺮﻣﻪ ھﺮ ﮔﻮﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻻﻝ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠١‬ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻻﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺮﻣﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٩‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﻠﺞ ﺷﺪﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻧﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮ ﺟﺐ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٢‬ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻻﻟﻪ ھﺮ ﮔﻮﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻓﻠﺞ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٠‬ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٠٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻻﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪46‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺟﻮع ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ ھﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٤‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭھﺸﺖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪًﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻻﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٤‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎھﺶ ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﺎً ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺍﻭ ﻓﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪًﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻻﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻼً ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪھﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ھﻔﺘﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ دﻧﺪاﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ھﺸﺘﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﮔﺮدﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٠‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٦‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٦‬ﻛﺞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭھﺸﺘﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺞ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢١‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻟﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﺎً ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٧‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٢‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺣﻚ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺿﺮﺱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﺎً‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٨‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮﻳﺪﻥ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﻠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦١٧‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﻬﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﻓﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ھﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٩‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﭗ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻚ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻼً ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﺎھﺶ ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٠‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻓﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٢٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪47‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٥‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﺧﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﭙﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺪﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٨‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺭﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣١‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٦‬ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻓﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧ ﭽﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺟﻮﻳﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺭﻧﺞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺎﺯدھﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٩‬ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺮات‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﺎع ﻭ ﻧﺸﯿﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻚ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﭻ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٧‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٣‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﻧﺞ ﻗﻄﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻼً ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٠‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﭻ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺭﻧﺞ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٤‬ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻓﻚ ﻓﻠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺛﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ دھﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤١‬ﺩﻳﻪ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٥‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﭻ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٢‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺏ( ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻭ ھﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٦‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﭻ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٣‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٣٧‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺞ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺤﺲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺎھﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﺞ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﭻ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٤‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ھﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ھﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪48‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ھﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ھﻔﺖ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ ھﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٥‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﻗﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻓﻀﺎء ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٨‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺨﺎع ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺾ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﺾ ﻭ ﻏﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٦‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻗﻮﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭدھﻢ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ اﻧﺪاﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٤٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺨﺎع ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﯿﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﺨﺎع‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦١‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٠‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻛﭙﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٧‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻗﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ ﻭﺩﻭ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ھﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻩ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥١‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﭽﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﯿﺰدھﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ اﺯاﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭت ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ اﻓﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺪﻓﻮع ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺪﻓﻮع ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮھﻤﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ھﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ھﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻓﻮع‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ھﺮﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ دﻭاﺯدھﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ دﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺮَھﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٣‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪھﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﻠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ھﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٢‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻓﻠﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٠‬ﺍﻓﻀﺎﻱ ھﻤﺴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٥٤‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻨّﻴﻦ ﺛﻠﺚ‬ ‫ھﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ھﻤﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻀﺎء ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ھﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻠﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺒﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ھﺸﺘﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻘﻄﻮع‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ھﻔﺖ ﻭﻧﻴﻢ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ھﻤﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻀﺎء ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪49‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭘﺎﻧﺰدھﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٣‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٩‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻗﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﺑﺎﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺩﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ھﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺮﻧﺎء ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٤‬ﺍﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮھﻤﺴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﻀﺎءﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺮَﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ اﻭﻝ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻀﺎء ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٥‬ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ھﺮ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻓﻀﺎء ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ دﻳﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧١‬ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﻀﺎء ﺑﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺧﻮﺍھﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﺍﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺛﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٧‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٥‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺸﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﭼﭗ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺛﻠﺚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﮔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺩﻙ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻋﻨﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺻﺪﻣﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٦‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ھﺸﺖ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٧‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ھﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﻨﺜﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﻨﺜﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻏﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺮگ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺍﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ھﻮﺵ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٦٨‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٧٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻠﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪50‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٥‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﺲ ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٩‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨١‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻤﺎء ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺲ ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﭼﺸﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ھﻮﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺐ ﻛﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ دﻭﻡ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺷﻨﻮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ھﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٠‬ﻛﺎھﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ھﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٣‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩١‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺸﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻨﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﻧﺎﺑﻴﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﺟﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺭﺵ ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٤‬ﻛﺎھﺶ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺻﻮت ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٧‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٥‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ھﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁھﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻗﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٨‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٦‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺺ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ھﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ھﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ـ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻟﻜﻨﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﺨﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٣‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺍﻭ ﻓﺮﺍ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ھﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٩‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٩٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٦٨٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺣﺲ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ھﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٠‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﭼﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪51‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ھﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻲٌ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺩﺍء ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫ھﺸﺖ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﻼﺣﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ »ﻝ«‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻑ »ﺭ « ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎً ﻋﻴﺐ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٠‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪھﺎﻱ)ﺍﻟﻒ(ﺗﺎ)ﺙ(‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺳﻤﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٧٠٩‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠١‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺻﺪﻡ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎھﺶ ﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﺻﺪﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٢‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ھﺎﺷﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪١‬ـ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻩ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺻﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻧﻄﻖ‬ ‫چ ‪ -‬ﻣُﻨَﻘﱠﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ‪ ٢‬ـ ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (٧٠٩‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ھﻔﺘﻢ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺡ ‪ -‬ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٤‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺥ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻣﻐﻪ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﻠﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺭﺻﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٥‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩھﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻣﺪﻓﻮع ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١١‬ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ھﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ھﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٦‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﻣﻼﻙ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﺬﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٧‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٣‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩھﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٨‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩھﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﺱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻣﺎھﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻓﺎﺣﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺱ ﻭ ﻏﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ـ دﻳﻪ ﺟﺮاﺣﺎت‬ ‫ھﺎﺷﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٤‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻖ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٠٩‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ھﺎﺷﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ھﺸﺘﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺣﺎﺭﺻﻪ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺼﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٣‬ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻣﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪52‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﺪھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫پ‪ -‬ﻣﻀﻐﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻥ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺸﺼﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ھﺸﺘﻢ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٢‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻟﻜﻦ ھﻨﻮﺯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ھﺸﺘﺼﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺙ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ھﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺼﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺩھﻢ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﺡ ﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ھﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٤‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪھﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٣‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٨‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻭﻧﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ھﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ھﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩھﻢ ﺍﺭﺵ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻄﺎء ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ)ﺍﻟﻒ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٤‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺻﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ھﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٥‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺖ ﺣﺎ ﻝّ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﻮﺭًﺍ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٩‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻘﺎء ﻳﺎ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺳﻘﻂ ھﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ - ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٦‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٠‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٥‬ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٧‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ھﺘﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺖ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ھﻔﺘﻢ ‪ -‬دﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ھﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻪ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧١٦‬ﺩﻳﻪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢٨‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ - ٧٢١‬ھﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻥ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪ ،١٣٠٤/١١/٧‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﻧﻄﻔﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪ ،١٣٥٢/٣/٧‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺛﻮﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺻﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ | ‪53‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪) 1392‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍوﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ(‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪،١٣٦٢/٥/١٨‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ‬ ‫‪ ،١٣٧٠/٥/٨‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ)‪،(٦٢٦) ،(٦٢٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٧٢٧) ،(٧٢٦) ،(٦٢٩) ،(٦٢٨) ،(٦٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻭ )‪ (٧٢٨‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍت‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ »ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮﺍت ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ « ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪ ،١٣٧٥/٣/٢‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎت ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪١٣٣٩/٢/١٢‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ‪ ١٣٦٦/٧/٢٦‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻗﺎت ﺑﻌﺪي ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭت ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍء ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ھﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ھﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﻬﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺼﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍي ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ھﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ)‪ (٨٥‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍي ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ١٣٩٢/٢/١١‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺭﺍي ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻻﺭﻳﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر در ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﯾﺮان ‪www.ekhtebar.com‬‬ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �����������������������������������������������������