National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) – Addendum 2014 to NBAP 2008

ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 Minister of State (Independent Charge) Environment, Forests and Climate Change Government of India FOREWORD © Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India, 2014 Material from this publication may be used for educational purposes provided due credit is given. Material from this publication can be used for commercial purposes only with permission from the Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jor Bagh Road New Delhi - 110 003, INDIA Phone: +91-11-24695135 Fax : +91-11-45660670 Email: hempande@nic.in, sujata@nic.in Website: www.moef.nic.in Edited by Mr. Hem K. Pande Dr. Sujata Arora India is a megadiverse country that harbours 7-8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals, on only 2.4% of the world's land area. Biodiversity forms the cornerstone of ecosystem functions and services that support millions of livelihoods in the country. India has been persevering in its efforts to conserve this vital biodiversity and ecosystems. As a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) that mandates parties to prepare a national biodiversity strategy and action plan for implementing the Convention at the national level, India developed a National Policy and Macrolevel Action Strategy on Biodiversity in 1999. Subsequent to the adoption of the National Environment Policy (NEP) in 2006, a National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) was developed through a comprehensive inter-ministerial process in 2008. India's NBAP is broadly aligned to the global Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011 2020 adopted under the aegis of CBD in 2010. Using the Strategic Plan as a framework, India has now developed 12 National Biodiversity Targets through extensive stakeholder consultations and public outreach. I am pleased to note that India is among the select countries that have now developed their own National Biodiversity Targets, which now form an Addendum to the NBAP 2008. This document together with the NBAP 2008 forms the blueprint for biodiversity conservation in the country. Implementing the NBAP will be a challenging task and calls for active involvement of several other Ministries. Stewardship at the highest level of governance will be a key ingredient to success. People's participation will remain central to its successful implementation with active support at the individual level of citizens throughout the country. I congratulate all those who were involved in this task which has been undertaken with support from a Global Environment Facility project implemented by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA). I wish to place on the record my deep appreciation for the overall supervision provided by Dr R. Rajagopalan, Secretary, the guidance and support of Shri Hem Pande, Additional Secretary and Chairman, NBA, and the diligent efforts put in by Dr Sujata Arora, Director, Ministry of Environment, Forests, & Climate Change, in this endeavor. I also appreciate the efforts put in by Dr V.B. Mathur, Director, Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and his project team in preparing this document during India's Presidency of the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the CBD. Minister of State (Independent Charge) Environment, Forests and Climate Change Government of India FOREWORD © Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India, 2014 Material from this publication may be used for educational purposes provided due credit is given. Material from this publication can be used for commercial purposes only with permission from the Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jor Bagh Road New Delhi - 110 003, INDIA Phone: +91-11-24695135 Fax : +91-11-45660670 Email: hempande@nic.in, sujata@nic.in Website: www.moef.nic.in Edited by Mr. Hem K. Pande Dr. Sujata Arora India is a megadiverse country that harbours 7-8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals, on only 2.4% of the world's land area. Biodiversity forms the cornerstone of ecosystem functions and services that support millions of livelihoods in the country. India has been persevering in its efforts to conserve this vital biodiversity and ecosystems. As a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) that mandates parties to prepare a national biodiversity strategy and action plan for implementing the Convention at the national level, India developed a National Policy and Macrolevel Action Strategy on Biodiversity in 1999. Subsequent to the adoption of the National Environment Policy (NEP) in 2006, a National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) was developed through a comprehensive inter-ministerial process in 2008. India's NBAP is broadly aligned to the global Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011 2020 adopted under the aegis of CBD in 2010. Using the Strategic Plan as a framework, India has now developed 12 National Biodiversity Targets through extensive stakeholder consultations and public outreach. I am pleased to note that India is among the select countries that have now developed their own National Biodiversity Targets, which now form an Addendum to the NBAP 2008. This document together with the NBAP 2008 forms the blueprint for biodiversity conservation in the country. Implementing the NBAP will be a challenging task and calls for active involvement of several other Ministries. Stewardship at the highest level of governance will be a key ingredient to success. People's participation will remain central to its successful implementation with active support at the individual level of citizens throughout the country. I congratulate all those who were involved in this task which has been undertaken with support from a Global Environment Facility project implemented by the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA). I wish to place on the record my deep appreciation for the overall supervision provided by Dr R. Rajagopalan, Secretary, the guidance and support of Shri Hem Pande, Additional Secretary and Chairman, NBA, and the diligent efforts put in by Dr Sujata Arora, Director, Ministry of Environment, Forests, & Climate Change, in this endeavor. I also appreciate the efforts put in by Dr V.B. Mathur, Director, Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and his project team in preparing this document during India's Presidency of the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the CBD. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the Secretaries of the 23 Ministries/Departments of the Government of India, namely, Department of Space, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Ministry of Coal, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Shipping, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, and Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change for providing information relevant to biodiversity conservation and enabling us to compile data regarding investment being made in conservation of biodiversity in the country. This exercise would have been incomplete if the funds allocated to States and Union Territories for biodiversity conservation was not looked into. We thank the Planning Commission for providing us detailed information regarding the funds allocated for the States and Union Territories for activities related to biodiversity conservation. We are also grateful to all the State Biodiversity Boards who have participated with great enthusiasm in all the national stakeholder consultations and contributed by providing relevant information and suggestions. The NBAP team V.B. Mathur, K. Sivakumar, Malvika Onial, C. Ramesh, Yashaswi Singh, Biba Jasmine Kaur, Anant Pande ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Network AYUSH Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy BHS Biodiversity Heritage Site BMCs Biodiversity Management Committees BNHS Bombay Natural History Society BSI Botanical Survey of India CAs Chartered Accountants CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CEE Centre for Environment Education CMFRI Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute CMLRE Centre For Marine Living Resources & Ecology CMS Centre for Media Studies CoP Conference of Parties CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPREEC C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DoS Department of Space EIA Environment Impact Assessment ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific FRA Forest Right Act FRCs Forest Right Committees FRI Forest Research Institute FSI Forest Survey of India / Fishery Survey of India GEF Global Environment Facility GIM Green India Mission GoI Government of India GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Protection IBAs Important Bird Areas ICAR Indian Council of Agriculture Research ICFRE Indian Council of Forest Research and Education IEG Institute for Economic Growth IGIDR Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research IIFM Indian Institute of Forest Management IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JFM Joint Forest Management ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the Secretaries of the 23 Ministries/Departments of the Government of India, namely, Department of Space, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Ministry of Coal, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Shipping, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, and Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change for providing information relevant to biodiversity conservation and enabling us to compile data regarding investment being made in conservation of biodiversity in the country. This exercise would have been incomplete if the funds allocated to States and Union Territories for biodiversity conservation was not looked into. We thank the Planning Commission for providing us detailed information regarding the funds allocated for the States and Union Territories for activities related to biodiversity conservation. We are also grateful to all the State Biodiversity Boards who have participated with great enthusiasm in all the national stakeholder consultations and contributed by providing relevant information and suggestions. The NBAP team V.B. Mathur, K. Sivakumar, Malvika Onial, C. Ramesh, Yashaswi Singh, Biba Jasmine Kaur, Anant Pande ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Network AYUSH Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy BHS Biodiversity Heritage Site BMCs Biodiversity Management Committees BNHS Bombay Natural History Society BSI Botanical Survey of India CAs Chartered Accountants CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CEE Centre for Environment Education CMFRI Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute CMLRE Centre For Marine Living Resources & Ecology CMS Centre for Media Studies CoP Conference of Parties CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPREEC C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DoS Department of Space EIA Environment Impact Assessment ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific FRA Forest Right Act FRCs Forest Right Committees FRI Forest Research Institute FSI Forest Survey of India / Fishery Survey of India GEF Global Environment Facility GIM Green India Mission GoI Government of India GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Protection IBAs Important Bird Areas ICAR Indian Council of Agriculture Research ICFRE Indian Council of Forest Research and Education IEG Institute for Economic Growth IGIDR Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research IIFM Indian Institute of Forest Management IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JFM Joint Forest Management JFMCs Joint Forest Management Committees LMOs Living Modified Organism MDF Moderately Dense Forests MDGs Millennium Development Goals MLAs Member of Legislative Assembly MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC Ministry of Coal MoCF Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers MoCI Ministry of Commerce and Industry MoCIT Ministry of Communications and Information Technology MoDWS Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation MoEF/ MoEFCC Ministry of Environment and Forests/ Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change MoES Ministry of Earth Science MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoHRD Ministry of Human Resources Department MoNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MoP Ministry of Power MoPNG Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas MoPR Ministry of Panchayati Raj MoRD Ministry of Rural Development MoS Ministry of Shipping MoSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation MoST Ministry of Science and Technology MoT Ministry of Tourism MoTA Ministry of Tribal Affairs MoUD Ministry of Urban Development MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MoYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports MPs Member of Parliament NBA National Biodiversity Authority NBAGR National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources NBAII National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects NBAIM National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms NBAP National Biodiversity Action Plan NBFGR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources NBPGR National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategic and Action Plan NBSS&LUP National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning NBTs National Biodiversity Targets NEP National Environment Policy NFDB National Forest Development Board NGO Non-Government Organization NMPB National Medicinal Plant Board NR5 Fifth National Report NTFPs Non Timber Forest Produce OF Open Forest PA Protected Area PBR People's Biodiversity Register PoWPA Programme of Work on Protected Areas PRIs Panchayati Raj Institutions R&D Research and Development RFD Result Framework Document SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SACON Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History SBAPs State Biodiversity Action Plan SBBs State Biodiversity Boards SFDs State Forest Departments SP Strategic Plan for Biodiversity SPCBs State Pollution Control Boards TK Traditional Knowledge TKDL Traditional Knowledge Digital Library UN United Nations UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States Dollar UT Union Territory VDF Very Dense Forest VEDCs Village Eco-development Committees WII Wildlife Institute of India WWF World- Wide Fund for Nature ZSI Zoological Survey of India ` Indian Rupee JFMCs Joint Forest Management Committees LMOs Living Modified Organism MDF Moderately Dense Forests MDGs Millennium Development Goals MLAs Member of Legislative Assembly MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoC Ministry of Coal MoCF Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers MoCI Ministry of Commerce and Industry MoCIT Ministry of Communications and Information Technology MoDWS Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation MoEF/ MoEFCC Ministry of Environment and Forests/ Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change MoES Ministry of Earth Science MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoHRD Ministry of Human Resources Department MoNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MoP Ministry of Power MoPNG Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas MoPR Ministry of Panchayati Raj MoRD Ministry of Rural Development MoS Ministry of Shipping MoSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation MoST Ministry of Science and Technology MoT Ministry of Tourism MoTA Ministry of Tribal Affairs MoUD Ministry of Urban Development MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MoYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports MPs Member of Parliament NBA National Biodiversity Authority NBAGR National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources NBAII National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects NBAIM National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms NBAP National Biodiversity Action Plan NBFGR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources NBPGR National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategic and Action Plan NBSS&LUP National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning NBTs National Biodiversity Targets NEP National Environment Policy NFDB National Forest Development Board NGO Non-Government Organization NMPB National Medicinal Plant Board NR5 Fifth National Report NTFPs Non Timber Forest Produce OF Open Forest PA Protected Area PBR People's Biodiversity Register PoWPA Programme of Work on Protected Areas PRIs Panchayati Raj Institutions R&D Research and Development RFD Result Framework Document SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SACON Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History SBAPs State Biodiversity Action Plan SBBs State Biodiversity Boards SFDs State Forest Departments SP Strategic Plan for Biodiversity SPCBs State Pollution Control Boards TK Traditional Knowledge TKDL Traditional Knowledge Digital Library UN United Nations UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States Dollar UT Union Territory VDF Very Dense Forest VEDCs Village Eco-development Committees WII Wildlife Institute of India WWF World- Wide Fund for Nature ZSI Zoological Survey of India ` Indian Rupee LIST OF TABLES Table 1 National Biodiversity Targets: Indicators and Monitoring Framework Table 2 Linkages between Actionable Points of NBAP 2008 and National Biodiversity Targets Table 3 Core, non-core and peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation in 2013–2014 Table 4 Indicative list of Ministries/Departments and National Biodiversity Targets for implementation of the National Biodiversity Action Plan Table 5 Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and action points of NBAP 2008 Table 6 Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and 12 National Biodiversity Targets Table 7 Linkages between GSPC Targets and NBAP 2008 action points Table 8 Linkages between GSPC Targets and 12 National Biodiversity Targets. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 MoEF budget allocation (2013-2014) that contributes towards National Biodiversity Targets Figure 2 Budget allocations (2013-2014) of 21 Ministries of GoI (excluding MoRD and MoDWS) that contribute towards National Biodiversity Targets Figure 3 Combined allocation of funds (2013-2014) of MoEF and 23 Ministries/Department of GoI that contribute towards National Biodiversity Targets Figure 4 Implementation plan for NBAP LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix I The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 Appendix II Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC): Objectives and Targets TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Foreword II. Acknowledgements III. List of Abbreviations IV. List of Tables V. List of Figures VI. List of Appendices 1.1 Background 01 1.2 Process of Updating National Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 03 1.3 Action Points of India's National Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 04 1.4 Action Points of India's Programme of Work on Protected Areas 2012 19 1.5 National Biodiversity Targets 20 1.6 Linkages between actionable points of National Biodiversity Action 33 Plan 2008 and the 12 National Biodiversity Targets 1.7 Funding for biodiversity conservation and allocations contributing 56 towards achievement of National Biodiversity Targets 1.7.1 Core and non-core funding for biodiversity conservation: 57 MoEF budget allocation vis-à-vis National Biodiversity Targets 1.7.2 Peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation: 58 23 Ministries vis-à-vis National Biodiversity Targets 1.7.3 Combined allocations for biodiversity conservation: 60 MoEF and 23 Ministries vis-à-vis National Biodiversity Targets 1.8 Programme of Work on Protected Areas: Linkages with 61 National Biodiversity Action Plan and National Biodiversity Targets 1.9 Linkages between National Biodiversity Action Plan, National 64 Biodiversity Targets and Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 1.10 Implementation of National Biodiversity Action Plan 66 References 68 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 National Biodiversity Targets: Indicators and Monitoring Framework Table 2 Linkages between Actionable Points of NBAP 2008 and National Biodiversity Targets Table 3 Core, non-core and peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation in 2013–2014 Table 4 Indicative list of Ministries/Departments and National Biodiversity Targets for implementation of the National Biodiversity Action Plan Table 5 Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and action points of NBAP 2008 Table 6 Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and 12 National Biodiversity Targets Table 7 Linkages between GSPC Targets and NBAP 2008 action points Table 8 Linkages between GSPC Targets and 12 National Biodiversity Targets. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 MoEF budget allocation (2013-2014) that contributes towards National Biodiversity Targets Figure 2 Budget allocations (2013-2014) of 21 Ministries of GoI (excluding MoRD and MoDWS) that contribute towards National Biodiversity Targets Figure 3 Combined allocation of funds (2013-2014) of MoEF and 23 Ministries/Department of GoI that contribute towards National Biodiversity Targets Figure 4 Implementation plan for NBAP LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix I The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 Appendix II Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC): Objectives and Targets TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Foreword II. Acknowledgements III. List of Abbreviations IV. List of Tables V. List of Figures VI. List of Appendices 1.1 Background 01 1.2 Process of Updating National Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 03 1.3 Action Points of India's National Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 04 1.4 Action Points of India's Programme of Work on Protected Areas 2012 19 1.5 National Biodiversity Targets 20 1.6 Linkages between actionable points of National Biodiversity Action 33 Plan 2008 and the 12 National Biodiversity Targets 1.7 Funding for biodiversity conservation and allocations contributing 56 towards achievement of National Biodiversity Targets 1.7.1 Core and non-core funding for biodiversity conservation: 57 MoEF budget allocation vis-à-vis National Biodiversity Targets 1.7.2 Peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation: 58 23 Ministries vis-à-vis National Biodiversity Targets 1.7.3 Combined allocations for biodiversity conservation: 60 MoEF and 23 Ministries vis-à-vis National Biodiversity Targets 1.8 Programme of Work on Protected Areas: Linkages with 61 National Biodiversity Action Plan and National Biodiversity Targets 1.9 Linkages between National Biodiversity Action Plan, National 64 Biodiversity Targets and Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 1.10 Implementation of National Biodiversity Action Plan 66 References 68 1 The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) has been renamed as Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEFCC) in June, 2014. The terms have been used interchangeably in the document. 01 02 1.1 BACKGROUND India, a megadiverse country with only 2.4% of the world's land area, accounts for 7 8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals. India's biodiversity underpins ecosystem functions and services that are of great human value. For millions of Indians, biodiversity supports their very livelihoods and ways of life. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) mandates each Party to prepare a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Alan (NBSAP) or an equivalent instrument, and to ensure that this strategy is mainstreamed into relevant sectoral or cross sectoral plans, programmes and policies. NBSAPs are the principal instruments for implementing the Convention at the national level. Accordingly, the Government of India developed a National Policy and Macrolevel Action Strategy on Biodiversity in 1999 (MoEF 1999) within five years of ratifying the CBD. This document, prepared through an extensive consultative process involving various stakeholders, is a macro level statement of policies and strategies needed for conservation and sustainable 1 use of biological diversity. Subsequently, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) implemented an externally-aided project, the NBSAP, from 2000 to 2004. Following India's adoption of the National Environment Policy (NEP) in 2006, a National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) was prepared by updating the 1999 document (MoEF 1999), and by using the final technical report of the NBSAP project, in order to achieve consonance between the NBAP and the NEP 2006. India's NBAP, formulated through a comprehensive interministerial process, was approved by Government of India (GoI) in 2008 (MoEF 2008, http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/Biodiversityindia/NBAP.pdf). The NBAP draws from the principle in the NEP that human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development and they are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature. The NBAP 2008 identifies threats and constraints in biodiversity conservation taking into cognizance the existing legislations, implementation mechanisms, strategies, plans and programmes, based on which action points have been designed. Even though the NBAP 2008 was prepared prior to the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (SP) 2011-2020 and its 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets by the Conference of Parties (CoP) to the CBD in 2010 at Nagoya, Japan (Appendix 1), the NBAP is broadly aligned with the five Strategic Goals and the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets of SP. The CoP-10 to the CBD has urged Parties to develop national and regional targets, using SP and its targets as a flexible framework, in accordance with national priorities and capacities. Parties are also required to review, and as appropriate update and revise, their NBSAPs or equivalent instruments with the SP, by integrating their National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) into their NBSAPs, and report thereon to CoP-12. Since India has prepared her second generation of NBAP in 2008, it was decided that the NBAP need not be completely overhauled or revised, but an exercise be undertaken of updating the NBAP by developing NBTs (Table 1), keeping in view the Aichi Biodiversity Targets as a framework. Accordingly, in pursuance to the decision of CoP-10, India has prepared 12 NBTs using the SP for Biodiversity 2011-2020 as the broad framework. These National Biodiversity Targets prepared through an extensive consultative process with all stakeholders, have also been included in India's Fifth National Report (NR5) to the CBD (MoEF 2014, http://www.cbd.int/doc/world/in/in-nr-05-en.pdf). BACKGROUND BACKGROUND These 12 NBTs along with indicators and monitoring framework developed for these targets, are presented in this document, which is an Addendum to NBAP 2008. In addition, an exercise has been undertaken to highlight the synergies between NBAP 2008, 12 NBTs, Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA), and Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). With a view to provide ready reference and continuity with NBAP 2008, the action points of India's NBAP 2008 along with action points of India's PoWPA have been reproduced in Sections 1.3 and 1.4, respectively. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1 The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) has been renamed as Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEFCC) in June, 2014. The terms have been used interchangeably in the document. 01 02 1.1 BACKGROUND India, a megadiverse country with only 2.4% of the world's land area, accounts for 7 8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals. India's biodiversity underpins ecosystem functions and services that are of great human value. For millions of Indians, biodiversity supports their very livelihoods and ways of life. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) mandates each Party to prepare a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Alan (NBSAP) or an equivalent instrument, and to ensure that this strategy is mainstreamed into relevant sectoral or cross sectoral plans, programmes and policies. NBSAPs are the principal instruments for implementing the Convention at the national level. Accordingly, the Government of India developed a National Policy and Macrolevel Action Strategy on Biodiversity in 1999 (MoEF 1999) within five years of ratifying the CBD. This document, prepared through an extensive consultative process involving various stakeholders, is a macro level statement of policies and strategies needed for conservation and sustainable 1 use of biological diversity. Subsequently, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) implemented an externally-aided project, the NBSAP, from 2000 to 2004. Following India's adoption of the National Environment Policy (NEP) in 2006, a National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) was prepared by updating the 1999 document (MoEF 1999), and by using the final technical report of the NBSAP project, in order to achieve consonance between the NBAP and the NEP 2006. India's NBAP, formulated through a comprehensive interministerial process, was approved by Government of India (GoI) in 2008 (MoEF 2008, http://nbaindia.org/uploaded/Biodiversityindia/NBAP.pdf). The NBAP draws from the principle in the NEP that human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development and they are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature. The NBAP 2008 identifies threats and constraints in biodiversity conservation taking into cognizance the existing legislations, implementation mechanisms, strategies, plans and programmes, based on which action points have been designed. Even though the NBAP 2008 was prepared prior to the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (SP) 2011-2020 and its 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets by the Conference of Parties (CoP) to the CBD in 2010 at Nagoya, Japan (Appendix 1), the NBAP is broadly aligned with the five Strategic Goals and the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets of SP. The CoP-10 to the CBD has urged Parties to develop national and regional targets, using SP and its targets as a flexible framework, in accordance with national priorities and capacities. Parties are also required to review, and as appropriate update and revise, their NBSAPs or equivalent instruments with the SP, by integrating their National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) into their NBSAPs, and report thereon to CoP-12. Since India has prepared her second generation of NBAP in 2008, it was decided that the NBAP need not be completely overhauled or revised, but an exercise be undertaken of updating the NBAP by developing NBTs (Table 1), keeping in view the Aichi Biodiversity Targets as a framework. Accordingly, in pursuance to the decision of CoP-10, India has prepared 12 NBTs using the SP for Biodiversity 2011-2020 as the broad framework. These National Biodiversity Targets prepared through an extensive consultative process with all stakeholders, have also been included in India's Fifth National Report (NR5) to the CBD (MoEF 2014, http://www.cbd.int/doc/world/in/in-nr-05-en.pdf). BACKGROUND BACKGROUND These 12 NBTs along with indicators and monitoring framework developed for these targets, are presented in this document, which is an Addendum to NBAP 2008. In addition, an exercise has been undertaken to highlight the synergies between NBAP 2008, 12 NBTs, Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA), and Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). With a view to provide ready reference and continuity with NBAP 2008, the action points of India's NBAP 2008 along with action points of India's PoWPA have been reproduced in Sections 1.3 and 1.4, respectively. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 PROCESS OF UPDATING NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 1.2 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 1.3 I ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200803 04 Considering the aforementioned need for updating the NBAP, 12 NBTs and associated indicators and monitoring framework (Table 1) that provide a road map for achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets have been developed. These NBTs are based on consultations with a range of stakeholders and a review of the programmes and activities being undertaken by Ministries/Departments in the GoI and by State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs). Icons for the NBTs have also been developed with a view to enhance their recall value and outreach (Table 1). The process of preparing NBTs was initiated through a high level meeting with concerned Ministries/Departments in November 2011. This was followed by a series of inter-ministerial meetings and stakeholders consultations organized in April 2012 and July 2012. Thereafter, under the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Direct Access project on 'Strengthening the Enabling Environment for Biodiversity Conservation and Management in India', consultations with stakeholders for preparation of NR5 and updating of NBAP were continued. A National Stakeholder Consultation for discussing the contents of NR5 and the proposed NBTs was held on 30 July 2013. Following further discussions, the revised draft was reviewed by a Technical Review Committee set up by MoEF for this purpose. The NBTs were identified based on an extensive review of Result Framework Documents (RFDs) of the 52 Ministries/Departments of the GoI, information available in annual reports/websites of Ministries/Departments and institutions, as well as discussions and written submissions provided by officials, scientists and other stakeholders at the individual level and a range of organizations in the country. The NBTs were also discussed and communicated through an outreach and communication programme as part of the seventh CMS Vatavaran International Environment and Wildlife Film Festival and Forum, held between 30 January 2014 and 3 February 2014 at New Delhi, supported by the MoEF. Twelve sessions were conducted for each target over the period, wherein panel discussions and public outreach programmes were conducted to create awareness, deliberate upon and communicate to the public about the development of India's NBTs in harmony with the CBD's SP 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets. While the 12 NBTs have been conceptualized now, the country has a long history of working for conservation of its unique biodiversity with multi-stakeholder participation. The fact that India harbours 7-8% of the world's known biological diversity in about 2.4% of the land area while supporting 18% of the human and 18% of the cattle population, is an eloquent testimony to her conservation ethos and commitment to conserving biodiversity and to realizing the vision of living in harmony with nature. Strengthening and integration of in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation PROCESS OF UPDATING NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 In situ conservation 1. Expand the Protected Area (PA) network of the country including Conservation and Community Reserves, to give fair representation to all biogeographic zones of the country. In doing so, develop norms for delineation of PAs in terms of the objectives and principles of the National Environment Policy, in particular, participation of local communities, concerned public agencies, and other stakeholders, who have direct and tangible stake in protection and conservation of wildlife, to harmonize ecological and physical features with needs of socio-economic development. 2. Establish self-sustaining monitoring system for overseeing the activities and effectiveness of the PA network. 3. Ensure that human activities on the fringe areas of PAs do not degrade the habitat or otherwise significantly disturb wildlife. 4. Mitigate man-animal conflicts. 5. Promote site-specific eco-development programmes in fringe areas of PAs, to restore livelihoods and access to forest produce by local communities, owing to access restrictions in PAs. 6. Promote voluntary relocation of villagers from critical habitats of PAs. 7. Devise effective management and conservation techniques for the forest preservation plots to ensure conservation of representative areas of different forest types. 8. Strengthen research work on PAs, biosphere reserves and fragile ecosystems by involving local research institutions and universities, so as to develop baseline data on biological and managerial parameters, and functional properties of ecosystems. 9. Strengthen the protection of areas of high endemism of genetic resources (biodiversity hotspots), while providing alternative livelihoods and access to resources to local communities who may be affected thereby. 10. Continue to promote inter-sectoral consultations and partnerships in strengthening biodiversity conservation activities. 11. Strengthen capacities and implement measures for captive breeding and release into the wild of identified endangered species. 12. Reintroduction and establishment of viable populations of threatened plant species. 13. Control poaching and illegal trade in wild animals and plant species. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 PROCESS OF UPDATING NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 1.2 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 1.3 I ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200803 04 Considering the aforementioned need for updating the NBAP, 12 NBTs and associated indicators and monitoring framework (Table 1) that provide a road map for achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets have been developed. These NBTs are based on consultations with a range of stakeholders and a review of the programmes and activities being undertaken by Ministries/Departments in the GoI and by State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs). Icons for the NBTs have also been developed with a view to enhance their recall value and outreach (Table 1). The process of preparing NBTs was initiated through a high level meeting with concerned Ministries/Departments in November 2011. This was followed by a series of inter-ministerial meetings and stakeholders consultations organized in April 2012 and July 2012. Thereafter, under the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Direct Access project on 'Strengthening the Enabling Environment for Biodiversity Conservation and Management in India', consultations with stakeholders for preparation of NR5 and updating of NBAP were continued. A National Stakeholder Consultation for discussing the contents of NR5 and the proposed NBTs was held on 30 July 2013. Following further discussions, the revised draft was reviewed by a Technical Review Committee set up by MoEF for this purpose. The NBTs were identified based on an extensive review of Result Framework Documents (RFDs) of the 52 Ministries/Departments of the GoI, information available in annual reports/websites of Ministries/Departments and institutions, as well as discussions and written submissions provided by officials, scientists and other stakeholders at the individual level and a range of organizations in the country. The NBTs were also discussed and communicated through an outreach and communication programme as part of the seventh CMS Vatavaran International Environment and Wildlife Film Festival and Forum, held between 30 January 2014 and 3 February 2014 at New Delhi, supported by the MoEF. Twelve sessions were conducted for each target over the period, wherein panel discussions and public outreach programmes were conducted to create awareness, deliberate upon and communicate to the public about the development of India's NBTs in harmony with the CBD's SP 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets. While the 12 NBTs have been conceptualized now, the country has a long history of working for conservation of its unique biodiversity with multi-stakeholder participation. The fact that India harbours 7-8% of the world's known biological diversity in about 2.4% of the land area while supporting 18% of the human and 18% of the cattle population, is an eloquent testimony to her conservation ethos and commitment to conserving biodiversity and to realizing the vision of living in harmony with nature. Strengthening and integration of in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation PROCESS OF UPDATING NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 In situ conservation 1. Expand the Protected Area (PA) network of the country including Conservation and Community Reserves, to give fair representation to all biogeographic zones of the country. In doing so, develop norms for delineation of PAs in terms of the objectives and principles of the National Environment Policy, in particular, participation of local communities, concerned public agencies, and other stakeholders, who have direct and tangible stake in protection and conservation of wildlife, to harmonize ecological and physical features with needs of socio-economic development. 2. Establish self-sustaining monitoring system for overseeing the activities and effectiveness of the PA network. 3. Ensure that human activities on the fringe areas of PAs do not degrade the habitat or otherwise significantly disturb wildlife. 4. Mitigate man-animal conflicts. 5. Promote site-specific eco-development programmes in fringe areas of PAs, to restore livelihoods and access to forest produce by local communities, owing to access restrictions in PAs. 6. Promote voluntary relocation of villagers from critical habitats of PAs. 7. Devise effective management and conservation techniques for the forest preservation plots to ensure conservation of representative areas of different forest types. 8. Strengthen research work on PAs, biosphere reserves and fragile ecosystems by involving local research institutions and universities, so as to develop baseline data on biological and managerial parameters, and functional properties of ecosystems. 9. Strengthen the protection of areas of high endemism of genetic resources (biodiversity hotspots), while providing alternative livelihoods and access to resources to local communities who may be affected thereby. 10. Continue to promote inter-sectoral consultations and partnerships in strengthening biodiversity conservation activities. 11. Strengthen capacities and implement measures for captive breeding and release into the wild of identified endangered species. 12. Reintroduction and establishment of viable populations of threatened plant species. 13. Control poaching and illegal trade in wild animals and plant species. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200805 06 14. Periodically revisit the norms, criteria and needs of data for placing particular species in different schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act. 15. Promote ecological and socially sensitive tourism and pilgrimage activities with emphasis on regulated and low impact tourism on a sustainable basis through adoption of best practice norms. 16. Formulate and implement partnerships for enhancement of wildlife habitat in Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves, on the lines of multi-stakeholder partnerships for afforestation, to derive both environmental and eco-tourism benefits. 17. Promote conservation of biodiversity outside the PA network, on private property, on common lands, water bodies and urban areas. 18. Formulate and implement programmes for conservation of endangered species outside PAs. 19. Ensure conservation of ecologically sensitive areas, which are prone to high risk of loss of biodiversity due to natural or anthropogenic factors. 20. Ensure that survey and bioprospecting of native economically important biological resources is undertaken on a priority basis. 21. Integrate conservation and wise use of wetlands and river basins involving all stakeholders, in particular local communities, to ensure maintenance of hydrological regimes and conservation of biodiversity. 22. Consider particular unique wetlands as entities of incomparable values, in developing strategies for their protection and formulate conservation and prudent use strategies for the identified wetlands with participation of local communities and other stakeholders. On-farm conservation 23. Identify hotspots of agro-biodiversity under different agro-ecozones and cropping systems and promote on-farm conservation. 24. Provide economically feasible and socially acceptable incentives such as value addition and direct market access in the face of replacement by other economically remunerative cultivars. 25. Develop appropriate models for on-farm conservation of livestock herds maintained by different institutions and local communities. 26. Develop mutually supportive linkages between in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation programmes. Ex situ conservation 27. Promote ex situ conservation of rare, endangered, endemic and insufficiently known floristic and faunal components of natural habitats, through appropriate institutionalization and human resource capacity building. For example, pay immediate attention to conservation and multiplication of rare, endangered and endemic tree species through institutions such as Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding. 28. Focus on conservation of genetic diversity (in situ, ex situ, in vitro) of cultivated plants, domesticated animals and their wild relatives to support breeding programmes. 29. Strengthen national ex situ conservation system for crop and livestock diversity, including poultry, linking national gene banks, clonal repositories and field collections maintained by different research centres and universities. 30. Develop cost effective and situation specific technologies for medium and long term storage of seed samples collected by different institutions and organizations. 31. Undertake DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in rare, endangered and endemic species to assist in developing their conservation programmes. 32. Develop a unified national database covering all ex situ conservation sites. 33. Consolidate, augment and strengthen the network of zoos, aquaria, etc., for ex situ conservation. 34. Develop networking of botanic gardens and consider establishing a 'Central Authority for Botanic Gardens' to secure their better management on the lines of Central Zoo Authority. 35. Provide for training of personnel and mobilize financial resources to strengthen captive breeding projects for endangered species of wild animals. 36. Strengthen basic research on reproduction biology of rare, endangered and endemic species to support reintroduction programmes. 37. Encourage cultivation of plants of economic value presently gathered from their natural populations to prevent their decline. 38. Promote inter-sectoral linkages and synergies to develop and realize full economic potential of ex situ conserved materials in crop and livestock improvement programmes. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200805 06 14. Periodically revisit the norms, criteria and needs of data for placing particular species in different schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act. 15. Promote ecological and socially sensitive tourism and pilgrimage activities with emphasis on regulated and low impact tourism on a sustainable basis through adoption of best practice norms. 16. Formulate and implement partnerships for enhancement of wildlife habitat in Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves, on the lines of multi-stakeholder partnerships for afforestation, to derive both environmental and eco-tourism benefits. 17. Promote conservation of biodiversity outside the PA network, on private property, on common lands, water bodies and urban areas. 18. Formulate and implement programmes for conservation of endangered species outside PAs. 19. Ensure conservation of ecologically sensitive areas, which are prone to high risk of loss of biodiversity due to natural or anthropogenic factors. 20. Ensure that survey and bioprospecting of native economically important biological resources is undertaken on a priority basis. 21. Integrate conservation and wise use of wetlands and river basins involving all stakeholders, in particular local communities, to ensure maintenance of hydrological regimes and conservation of biodiversity. 22. Consider particular unique wetlands as entities of incomparable values, in developing strategies for their protection and formulate conservation and prudent use strategies for the identified wetlands with participation of local communities and other stakeholders. On-farm conservation 23. Identify hotspots of agro-biodiversity under different agro-ecozones and cropping systems and promote on-farm conservation. 24. Provide economically feasible and socially acceptable incentives such as value addition and direct market access in the face of replacement by other economically remunerative cultivars. 25. Develop appropriate models for on-farm conservation of livestock herds maintained by different institutions and local communities. 26. Develop mutually supportive linkages between in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation programmes. Ex situ conservation 27. Promote ex situ conservation of rare, endangered, endemic and insufficiently known floristic and faunal components of natural habitats, through appropriate institutionalization and human resource capacity building. For example, pay immediate attention to conservation and multiplication of rare, endangered and endemic tree species through institutions such as Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding. 28. Focus on conservation of genetic diversity (in situ, ex situ, in vitro) of cultivated plants, domesticated animals and their wild relatives to support breeding programmes. 29. Strengthen national ex situ conservation system for crop and livestock diversity, including poultry, linking national gene banks, clonal repositories and field collections maintained by different research centres and universities. 30. Develop cost effective and situation specific technologies for medium and long term storage of seed samples collected by different institutions and organizations. 31. Undertake DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in rare, endangered and endemic species to assist in developing their conservation programmes. 32. Develop a unified national database covering all ex situ conservation sites. 33. Consolidate, augment and strengthen the network of zoos, aquaria, etc., for ex situ conservation. 34. Develop networking of botanic gardens and consider establishing a 'Central Authority for Botanic Gardens' to secure their better management on the lines of Central Zoo Authority. 35. Provide for training of personnel and mobilize financial resources to strengthen captive breeding projects for endangered species of wild animals. 36. Strengthen basic research on reproduction biology of rare, endangered and endemic species to support reintroduction programmes. 37. Encourage cultivation of plants of economic value presently gathered from their natural populations to prevent their decline. 38. Promote inter-sectoral linkages and synergies to develop and realize full economic potential of ex situ conserved materials in crop and livestock improvement programmes. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 II III ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200807 08 Augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization: Ensuring inter-and intra-generational equity 39. Secure integration of biodiversity concerns into inter-sectoral policies and programmes to identify elements having adverse impact on biodiversity and design policy guidelines to address such issues. Make valuation of biodiversity an integral part of pre-appraisal of projects and programmes to minimize adverse impacts on biodiversity. 40. Promote decentralized management of biological resources with emphasis on community participation. 41. Promote sustainable use of biodiversity in sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy development, fisheries, apiculture, sericulture, forestry and industry. 42. Promote conservation, management and sustainable utilization of bamboos and canes, and establish bambusetum and canetum for maintaining species diversity and elite germplasm lines. 43. Promote best practices based on traditional sustainable uses of biodiversity and devise mechanisms for providing benefits to local communities. 44. Build and regularly update a database on NTFPs, monitor and rationalize use of NTFPs ensuring their sustainable availability to local communities. 45. Promote sustainable use of biological resources by supporting studies on traditional utilization of natural resources in selected areas to identify incentives and disincentives, and promote best practices. 46. Encourage cultivation of medicinal plants and culture of marine organisms exploited for drugs to prevent their unsustainable extraction from the wild. 47. Promote capacity building at grassroot level for participatory decision-making to ensure ecofriendly and sustainable use of natural resources. 48. Develop sui generis system for protection of traditional knowledge and related rights including intellectual property rights. 49. Encourage adoption of science-based, and traditional sustainable land use practices, through research and development, extension of knowledge, pilot scale demonstrations, and large scale dissemination including farmer's training, and where necessary, access to institutional finance. 50. Promote reclamation of wasteland and degraded forest land through formulation and adoption of multi-stakeholder partnerships involving the land owning agency, local communities, and investors. 51. Promote sustainable alternatives to shifting cultivation where it is no longer ecologically viable, ensuring that the culture and social fabric of the local people are not disrupted. 52. Encourage agro-forestry, organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns, and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques. 53. Incorporate a special component in afforestation programmes for afforestation on the banks and catchments of rivers and reservoirs to prevent soil erosion and improve green cover. 54. Integrate wetland conservation, including conservation of village ponds and tanks, into sectoral development plans for poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement, and link efforts for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands with the ongoing rural infrastructure development and employment generation programmes. 55. Promote traditional techniques and practices for conserving village ponds. 56. Mainstream the sustainable management of mangroves into the forestry sector regulatory regime so as to ensure the protection of coastal belts and conservation of flora and fauna in those areas. 57. Disseminate available techniques for regeneration of coral reefs and support activities based on application of such techniques. 58. Adopt a comprehensive approach to integrated coastal management by addressing linkages between coastal areas, wetlands, and river systems, in relevant policies, regulations and programmes. 59. Develop a unified national system for regulation of all introductions and carrying out rigorous quarantine checks. 60. Strengthen domestic quarantine measures to contain the spread of invasive species to neighbouring areas. 61. Promote intersectoral linkages to check unintended introductions and contain and manage the spread of invasive alien species. 62. Develop a national database on invasive alien species reported in India. 63. Develop appropriate early warning and awareness system in response to new sightings of invasive alien species. 64. Provide priority funding to basic research on managing invasive species. 65. Support capacity building for managing invasive alien species at different levels with priority on local area activities. 66. Promote restorative measures of degraded ecosystems using preferably locally adapted native species for this purpose. Regulation of introduction of invasive alien species and their management NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 II III ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200807 08 Augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization: Ensuring inter-and intra-generational equity 39. Secure integration of biodiversity concerns into inter-sectoral policies and programmes to identify elements having adverse impact on biodiversity and design policy guidelines to address such issues. Make valuation of biodiversity an integral part of pre-appraisal of projects and programmes to minimize adverse impacts on biodiversity. 40. Promote decentralized management of biological resources with emphasis on community participation. 41. Promote sustainable use of biodiversity in sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy development, fisheries, apiculture, sericulture, forestry and industry. 42. Promote conservation, management and sustainable utilization of bamboos and canes, and establish bambusetum and canetum for maintaining species diversity and elite germplasm lines. 43. Promote best practices based on traditional sustainable uses of biodiversity and devise mechanisms for providing benefits to local communities. 44. Build and regularly update a database on NTFPs, monitor and rationalize use of NTFPs ensuring their sustainable availability to local communities. 45. Promote sustainable use of biological resources by supporting studies on traditional utilization of natural resources in selected areas to identify incentives and disincentives, and promote best practices. 46. Encourage cultivation of medicinal plants and culture of marine organisms exploited for drugs to prevent their unsustainable extraction from the wild. 47. Promote capacity building at grassroot level for participatory decision-making to ensure ecofriendly and sustainable use of natural resources. 48. Develop sui generis system for protection of traditional knowledge and related rights including intellectual property rights. 49. Encourage adoption of science-based, and traditional sustainable land use practices, through research and development, extension of knowledge, pilot scale demonstrations, and large scale dissemination including farmer's training, and where necessary, access to institutional finance. 50. Promote reclamation of wasteland and degraded forest land through formulation and adoption of multi-stakeholder partnerships involving the land owning agency, local communities, and investors. 51. Promote sustainable alternatives to shifting cultivation where it is no longer ecologically viable, ensuring that the culture and social fabric of the local people are not disrupted. 52. Encourage agro-forestry, organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns, and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques. 53. Incorporate a special component in afforestation programmes for afforestation on the banks and catchments of rivers and reservoirs to prevent soil erosion and improve green cover. 54. Integrate wetland conservation, including conservation of village ponds and tanks, into sectoral development plans for poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement, and link efforts for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands with the ongoing rural infrastructure development and employment generation programmes. 55. Promote traditional techniques and practices for conserving village ponds. 56. Mainstream the sustainable management of mangroves into the forestry sector regulatory regime so as to ensure the protection of coastal belts and conservation of flora and fauna in those areas. 57. Disseminate available techniques for regeneration of coral reefs and support activities based on application of such techniques. 58. Adopt a comprehensive approach to integrated coastal management by addressing linkages between coastal areas, wetlands, and river systems, in relevant policies, regulations and programmes. 59. Develop a unified national system for regulation of all introductions and carrying out rigorous quarantine checks. 60. Strengthen domestic quarantine measures to contain the spread of invasive species to neighbouring areas. 61. Promote intersectoral linkages to check unintended introductions and contain and manage the spread of invasive alien species. 62. Develop a national database on invasive alien species reported in India. 63. Develop appropriate early warning and awareness system in response to new sightings of invasive alien species. 64. Provide priority funding to basic research on managing invasive species. 65. Support capacity building for managing invasive alien species at different levels with priority on local area activities. 66. Promote restorative measures of degraded ecosystems using preferably locally adapted native species for this purpose. Regulation of introduction of invasive alien species and their management NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 IV V ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200809 10 67. Promote regional cooperation in adoption of uniform quarantine measures and containment of invasive exotics. 68. Identify the key sectors of the country vulnerable to climate change, in particular impacts on water resources, agriculture, health, coastal areas and forests. 69. Promote research to develop methodologies for tracking changes and assessing impacts of climate change on glaciers, river flows and biodiversity. 70. Assess the need for adaptation to future impacts of climate change at national and local levels, and the scope for incorporating the outputs of such assessments in relevant programmes, including watershed management, coastal zone planning and regulation, agricultural technologies and practices, forestry management, and health programmes. 71. Explicitly consider vulnerability of coastal areas and their biodiversity to climate change and sealevel rise in coastal management plans, as well as infrastructure planning and construction norms. 72. Participate in voluntary partnerships with other countries both developed and developing, to address the challenges of sustainable development and climate change, consistent with the provisions of the UNFCCC. 73. Identify the most important gaps in knowledge that limit the national ability to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies for species, and ecological processes and functions. 74. Enhance the capacity of climate modeling in the country substantially to get clear idea on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity at national and local levels. 75. Develop ecological criteria for identifying the species and ecosystems that are at great risk from climate change and identify their priority habitats. 76. Identify information requirements and priorities, through expert consultative processes, for long term monitoring of climate change impacts on biodiversity. 77. Establish a climate change and biodiversity website for decision makers concerned with national resource management to facilitate information exchange about the actual and potential impacts of climate change and relevant policies, strategies and programmes. 78. In view of the multidisciplinary nature of the subject, undertake an 'All India Coordinated Research Project on Impacts of Climate Change' on various facets of wild and agricultural biodiversity. 79. Integrate biodiversity concerns into measures for energy conservation and adoption of renewable Assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and desertification energy technologies with a focus on local biomass resources and dissemination of improved fuelwood stoves, and solar cookers. 80. Strengthen efforts for partial substitution of fossil fuels by bio-fuels, through promotion of biofuel plantations, promoting relevant research and development, and streamlining regulatory certification of new technologies. 81. Strengthen and augment the existing programmes and activities of the Central and State Governments relating to drylands. 82. Prepare and implement thematic action plans incorporating watershed management strategies, for arresting and reversing desertification and expanding green cover. 83. Promote reclamation of wastelands by energy plantations for rural energy through multistakeholder partnerships involving the landowning agencies, local communities, and investors. 84. Develop strong research base on impact assessment and conduct rigorous impact assessment of development projects, with a focus on biodiversity and habitats. 85. Integrate biodiversity concerns across development sectors (such as industry, infrastructure, power, mining, etc.) and promote use of clean technologies. 86. Accord priority to the potential impacts of development projects on biodiversity resources and natural heritage while undertaking EIA. In particular, ancient sacred groves and biodiversity hotspots should be treated as possessing incomparable values. 87. Take steps to adopt and institutionalize techniques for environmental assessment of sectoral policies and programmes to address any potential adverse impacts, and enhance potential favourable impacts. 88. Develop and integrate pre-project plans for reallocation and rehabilitation of local people likely to be displaced by development projects keeping in view their socio-cultural and livelihood needs. 89. Ensure that in all cases of diversion of forest land, the essential minimum needed land for the project or activity is permitted. Restrict the diversion of dense natural forests, particularly areas of high endemism of genetic resources, to non-forest purposes, only to site-specific cases of vital national interest. 90. Give priority to impact assessment of development projects on .wetlands; in particular, ensuring that environmental services of wetlands are explicitly factored into cost-benefit analysis. Integration of biodiversity concerns in economic and social development NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 IV V ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200809 10 67. Promote regional cooperation in adoption of uniform quarantine measures and containment of invasive exotics. 68. Identify the key sectors of the country vulnerable to climate change, in particular impacts on water resources, agriculture, health, coastal areas and forests. 69. Promote research to develop methodologies for tracking changes and assessing impacts of climate change on glaciers, river flows and biodiversity. 70. Assess the need for adaptation to future impacts of climate change at national and local levels, and the scope for incorporating the outputs of such assessments in relevant programmes, including watershed management, coastal zone planning and regulation, agricultural technologies and practices, forestry management, and health programmes. 71. Explicitly consider vulnerability of coastal areas and their biodiversity to climate change and sealevel rise in coastal management plans, as well as infrastructure planning and construction norms. 72. Participate in voluntary partnerships with other countries both developed and developing, to address the challenges of sustainable development and climate change, consistent with the provisions of the UNFCCC. 73. Identify the most important gaps in knowledge that limit the national ability to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies for species, and ecological processes and functions. 74. Enhance the capacity of climate modeling in the country substantially to get clear idea on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity at national and local levels. 75. Develop ecological criteria for identifying the species and ecosystems that are at great risk from climate change and identify their priority habitats. 76. Identify information requirements and priorities, through expert consultative processes, for long term monitoring of climate change impacts on biodiversity. 77. Establish a climate change and biodiversity website for decision makers concerned with national resource management to facilitate information exchange about the actual and potential impacts of climate change and relevant policies, strategies and programmes. 78. In view of the multidisciplinary nature of the subject, undertake an 'All India Coordinated Research Project on Impacts of Climate Change' on various facets of wild and agricultural biodiversity. 79. Integrate biodiversity concerns into measures for energy conservation and adoption of renewable Assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and desertification energy technologies with a focus on local biomass resources and dissemination of improved fuelwood stoves, and solar cookers. 80. Strengthen efforts for partial substitution of fossil fuels by bio-fuels, through promotion of biofuel plantations, promoting relevant research and development, and streamlining regulatory certification of new technologies. 81. Strengthen and augment the existing programmes and activities of the Central and State Governments relating to drylands. 82. Prepare and implement thematic action plans incorporating watershed management strategies, for arresting and reversing desertification and expanding green cover. 83. Promote reclamation of wastelands by energy plantations for rural energy through multistakeholder partnerships involving the landowning agencies, local communities, and investors. 84. Develop strong research base on impact assessment and conduct rigorous impact assessment of development projects, with a focus on biodiversity and habitats. 85. Integrate biodiversity concerns across development sectors (such as industry, infrastructure, power, mining, etc.) and promote use of clean technologies. 86. Accord priority to the potential impacts of development projects on biodiversity resources and natural heritage while undertaking EIA. In particular, ancient sacred groves and biodiversity hotspots should be treated as possessing incomparable values. 87. Take steps to adopt and institutionalize techniques for environmental assessment of sectoral policies and programmes to address any potential adverse impacts, and enhance potential favourable impacts. 88. Develop and integrate pre-project plans for reallocation and rehabilitation of local people likely to be displaced by development projects keeping in view their socio-cultural and livelihood needs. 89. Ensure that in all cases of diversion of forest land, the essential minimum needed land for the project or activity is permitted. Restrict the diversion of dense natural forests, particularly areas of high endemism of genetic resources, to non-forest purposes, only to site-specific cases of vital national interest. 90. Give priority to impact assessment of development projects on .wetlands; in particular, ensuring that environmental services of wetlands are explicitly factored into cost-benefit analysis. Integration of biodiversity concerns in economic and social development NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 VI ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200811 12 marketing of organic produce in India and abroad, including by development of transparent, voluntary and science-based labeling schemes. 103. Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines for management of e-waste as part of the hazardous waste regime. 104. Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers, and regulations, the beneficial utilization of generally non-hazardous waste streams such as fly ash, bottom ash, red mud, and slag, including in cement and brick-making, and building railway and highway embankments. 105. Minimise and eliminate activities leading to loss of biodiversity due to point and non-point sources of pollution and promote development of clean technologies. 106. Strengthen the monitoring and enforcement of emission standards for both point and non-point sources. 107. Develop location-specific work plans focusing on biodiversity conservation while managing pollution problems. 108. Treat and manage industrial effluents so as to minimize adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biological resources. 109. Promote biodegradable and recyclable substitutes for non-biodegradable materials, and develop and implement strategies for their recycle, reuse, and final environmentally benign disposal, including through promotion of relevant technologies, and use of incentive based instruments. 110. Avoid excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides while encouraging integrated pest management practices, and use of organic manures and biofertilisers. 111. Promote organic farming of locally adapted and traditional crop varieties through appropriate incentives, and direct access to markets duly supported by credible certification systems. 112. Develop a strategy for strengthening regulation, and addressing impacts, of ship-breaking activities on human health, coastal and near marine bioresources. 113. Accord priority to potential impacts on designated natural heritage sites in view of their incomparable values that merit stricter standards than in otherwise comparable situations. 114. Promote R&D on impacts of air, water and soil pollution on biodiversity and use of biological methods for pollution amelioration. Pollution impacts 91. Promote integrated approaches to management of river basins considering upstream and downstream inflows and withdrawals by season, pollution loads and natural regeneration capacities, in particular, for maintenance of in-stream ecological values. 92. Consider and mitigate the impacts on river and estuarine flora and fauna, and the resulting change in the resource base for livelihoods, of multipurpose river valley projects, power plants and industries. 93. Adopt best practice norms for infrastructure construction to avoid or minimize damage to sensitive ecosystems and despoiling of landscapes. 94. Support practices of rain water harvesting and revival of traditional methods for enhancing groundwater recharge. 95. Give due consideration to the quality and productivity of lands which are proposed to be converted for development activities, as part of the environmental clearance process. 96. Ensure provision for environmental restoration during commissioning and after decommissioning of industries. For example, in all approvals of mining plans, institutionalize a system of postmonitoring of projects to ensure safe disposal of tailings and ecosystem rehabilitation following the principles of ecological succession. 97. Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers and regulation, the beneficial utilization of wastes such as fly ash, bottom ash, red mud, and slag, minimizing thereby their adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 98. Promote sustainable tourism through adoption of best practice norms for tourism facilities and conservation of natural resources while encouraging multistakeholder partnerships favouring local communities. 99. Develop and implement viable models of public-private partnerships for setting up and operating secure landfills, incinerators, and other appropriate techniques for the treatment and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes, both industrial and biomedical, on payment by users, taking the concerns of local communities into account. The concerned local communities and State Governments must have clear entitlements to specified benefits from hosting such sites, if access is given to non local users. Develop and implement strategies for clean-up of toxic and hazardous waste dump legacies, in particular in industrial areas, and abandoned mines, and reclamation of such lands for future, sustainable use. 100. Survey and develop a national inventory of toxic and hazardous waste dumps, and an online monitoring system for movement of hazardous wastes. Strengthen capacity of institutions responsible for monitoring and enforcement in respect of toxic and hazardous wastes. 101. Strengthen the legal arrangements and response measures for addressing emergencies arising out of transportation, handling and disposal of hazardous wastes as part of the chemical accidents regime. 102. Promote organic farming of traditional crop varieties through research in and dissemination of techniques for reclamation of land with prior exposure to agricultural chemicals, facilitating NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 VI ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200811 12 marketing of organic produce in India and abroad, including by development of transparent, voluntary and science-based labeling schemes. 103. Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines for management of e-waste as part of the hazardous waste regime. 104. Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers, and regulations, the beneficial utilization of generally non-hazardous waste streams such as fly ash, bottom ash, red mud, and slag, including in cement and brick-making, and building railway and highway embankments. 105. Minimise and eliminate activities leading to loss of biodiversity due to point and non-point sources of pollution and promote development of clean technologies. 106. Strengthen the monitoring and enforcement of emission standards for both point and non-point sources. 107. Develop location-specific work plans focusing on biodiversity conservation while managing pollution problems. 108. Treat and manage industrial effluents so as to minimize adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biological resources. 109. Promote biodegradable and recyclable substitutes for non-biodegradable materials, and develop and implement strategies for their recycle, reuse, and final environmentally benign disposal, including through promotion of relevant technologies, and use of incentive based instruments. 110. Avoid excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides while encouraging integrated pest management practices, and use of organic manures and biofertilisers. 111. Promote organic farming of locally adapted and traditional crop varieties through appropriate incentives, and direct access to markets duly supported by credible certification systems. 112. Develop a strategy for strengthening regulation, and addressing impacts, of ship-breaking activities on human health, coastal and near marine bioresources. 113. Accord priority to potential impacts on designated natural heritage sites in view of their incomparable values that merit stricter standards than in otherwise comparable situations. 114. Promote R&D on impacts of air, water and soil pollution on biodiversity and use of biological methods for pollution amelioration. Pollution impacts 91. Promote integrated approaches to management of river basins considering upstream and downstream inflows and withdrawals by season, pollution loads and natural regeneration capacities, in particular, for maintenance of in-stream ecological values. 92. Consider and mitigate the impacts on river and estuarine flora and fauna, and the resulting change in the resource base for livelihoods, of multipurpose river valley projects, power plants and industries. 93. Adopt best practice norms for infrastructure construction to avoid or minimize damage to sensitive ecosystems and despoiling of landscapes. 94. Support practices of rain water harvesting and revival of traditional methods for enhancing groundwater recharge. 95. Give due consideration to the quality and productivity of lands which are proposed to be converted for development activities, as part of the environmental clearance process. 96. Ensure provision for environmental restoration during commissioning and after decommissioning of industries. For example, in all approvals of mining plans, institutionalize a system of postmonitoring of projects to ensure safe disposal of tailings and ecosystem rehabilitation following the principles of ecological succession. 97. Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers and regulation, the beneficial utilization of wastes such as fly ash, bottom ash, red mud, and slag, minimizing thereby their adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 98. Promote sustainable tourism through adoption of best practice norms for tourism facilities and conservation of natural resources while encouraging multistakeholder partnerships favouring local communities. 99. Develop and implement viable models of public-private partnerships for setting up and operating secure landfills, incinerators, and other appropriate techniques for the treatment and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes, both industrial and biomedical, on payment by users, taking the concerns of local communities into account. The concerned local communities and State Governments must have clear entitlements to specified benefits from hosting such sites, if access is given to non local users. Develop and implement strategies for clean-up of toxic and hazardous waste dump legacies, in particular in industrial areas, and abandoned mines, and reclamation of such lands for future, sustainable use. 100. Survey and develop a national inventory of toxic and hazardous waste dumps, and an online monitoring system for movement of hazardous wastes. Strengthen capacity of institutions responsible for monitoring and enforcement in respect of toxic and hazardous wastes. 101. Strengthen the legal arrangements and response measures for addressing emergencies arising out of transportation, handling and disposal of hazardous wastes as part of the chemical accidents regime. 102. Promote organic farming of traditional crop varieties through research in and dissemination of techniques for reclamation of land with prior exposure to agricultural chemicals, facilitating NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 VIII VII ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200813 14 Development and integration of biodiversity databases 115. Develop an integrated national biodiversity information system with distributive linkages for easy storage, retrieval and dissemination including through augmentation of extant efforts of spatial mapping of natural resources and development of interactive databases at national level. 116. Intensify survey, identification and inventorization activities, involving local institutions and giving priority to hitherto unexplored areas. 117. Conduct regular surveys to monitor changes in populations of target species (wild and domesticated), using remote sensing and other updated tools and techniques. 118. Update list of endangered species of flora and fauna on priority, based on internationally accepted criteria. 119. Extend listing of keystone, umbrella and endemic species for conserving them on priority basis, and develop models/packages for their conservation. 120. Update database on sacred groves and sacred ponds documenting bio-resources and associated knowledge conserved at these sites. 121. Promote DNA fingerprinting, other molecular analytical techniques and studies on genetic diversity of critically endangered species to develop appropriate conservation strategies. 122. Expand area specific surveys of land races, traditional cultivars of crops, wild relatives of crop plants and breeds of domesticated animals inter alia through application of appropriate statistical techniques. 123. Use modern taxonomic methods for documentation/identification of species. 124. Strengthen and build capacity for taxonomy and biosystematics, particularly for groups of plants, animals and microorganisms which are as yet inadequately understood. 125. Accelerate effective actions at the central, state and local levels to implement provisions under the Biological Diversity Act. 126. Review enabling policies to prevent transfer of prime agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes, and promote sustainability of agricultural lands. Strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management 127. Formulate suggestive policies for strengthening and supporting conservation and management of grasslands, pastoral lands, sacred groves and other areas significant for biodiversity conservation. 128. Support preparation of PBRs with technical help by the scientific institutions. 129. Strengthen systems for documentation, application and protection of biodiversity associated traditional knowledge, providing adequate protection to these knowledge systems while encouraging benefits to communities. 130. Revive and revitalize sustainable traditional practices and other folk uses of components of biodiversity and associated benefits to local communities with a view to promoting and strengthening traditional knowledge and practices. 131. Create public education and awareness about the need to conserve, protect and gainfully use traditional knowledge systems. 132. Identify emerging areas for new legislation, based on better scientific understanding, economic and social development, and development of multilateral environmental regimes, in line with the NEP. 133. Review the body of existing legislations relevant to biodiversity conservation to develop synergies among relevant statutes and regulations, eliminate obsolescence, and amalgamate provisions with similar objectives, in line with the NEP. Further, encourage and facilitate review of legislations at the level of state and local governments with a view to ensuring their consistency with this policy. 134. Review the regulatory processes for LMOs so that all relevant scientific knowledge is taken into account, and ecological, health, and economic concerns are adequately addressed. 135. Periodically review and update the national biosafety guidelines to ensure that these are based on current scientific knowledge. 136. Ensure conservation of biodiversity and human health while dealing with LMOs in transboundary movement in a manner consistent with the multilateral biosafety protocol. 137. Develop appropriate liability and redress mechanisms to internalize environment costs and address economic concerns in case of any damage to biodiversity. 138. Harmonise provisions concerning disclosure of source of biological material and associated knowledge used in the inventions under the Patents Act, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, and Biological Diversity Act, to ensure sharing of benefits by the communities holding traditional knowledge, from such use. 139. Develop supportive regulatory regime for protection of identified wetlands and biosphere reserves. 140. Develop appropriate system and modalities for operationalizing provisions for prior informed consent and benefit sharing under the Biological Diversity Act, working towards greater congruence between these provisions and trade related aspects of intellectual property rights. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 VIII VII ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200813 14 Development and integration of biodiversity databases 115. Develop an integrated national biodiversity information system with distributive linkages for easy storage, retrieval and dissemination including through augmentation of extant efforts of spatial mapping of natural resources and development of interactive databases at national level. 116. Intensify survey, identification and inventorization activities, involving local institutions and giving priority to hitherto unexplored areas. 117. Conduct regular surveys to monitor changes in populations of target species (wild and domesticated), using remote sensing and other updated tools and techniques. 118. Update list of endangered species of flora and fauna on priority, based on internationally accepted criteria. 119. Extend listing of keystone, umbrella and endemic species for conserving them on priority basis, and develop models/packages for their conservation. 120. Update database on sacred groves and sacred ponds documenting bio-resources and associated knowledge conserved at these sites. 121. Promote DNA fingerprinting, other molecular analytical techniques and studies on genetic diversity of critically endangered species to develop appropriate conservation strategies. 122. Expand area specific surveys of land races, traditional cultivars of crops, wild relatives of crop plants and breeds of domesticated animals inter alia through application of appropriate statistical techniques. 123. Use modern taxonomic methods for documentation/identification of species. 124. Strengthen and build capacity for taxonomy and biosystematics, particularly for groups of plants, animals and microorganisms which are as yet inadequately understood. 125. Accelerate effective actions at the central, state and local levels to implement provisions under the Biological Diversity Act. 126. Review enabling policies to prevent transfer of prime agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes, and promote sustainability of agricultural lands. Strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management 127. Formulate suggestive policies for strengthening and supporting conservation and management of grasslands, pastoral lands, sacred groves and other areas significant for biodiversity conservation. 128. Support preparation of PBRs with technical help by the scientific institutions. 129. Strengthen systems for documentation, application and protection of biodiversity associated traditional knowledge, providing adequate protection to these knowledge systems while encouraging benefits to communities. 130. Revive and revitalize sustainable traditional practices and other folk uses of components of biodiversity and associated benefits to local communities with a view to promoting and strengthening traditional knowledge and practices. 131. Create public education and awareness about the need to conserve, protect and gainfully use traditional knowledge systems. 132. Identify emerging areas for new legislation, based on better scientific understanding, economic and social development, and development of multilateral environmental regimes, in line with the NEP. 133. Review the body of existing legislations relevant to biodiversity conservation to develop synergies among relevant statutes and regulations, eliminate obsolescence, and amalgamate provisions with similar objectives, in line with the NEP. Further, encourage and facilitate review of legislations at the level of state and local governments with a view to ensuring their consistency with this policy. 134. Review the regulatory processes for LMOs so that all relevant scientific knowledge is taken into account, and ecological, health, and economic concerns are adequately addressed. 135. Periodically review and update the national biosafety guidelines to ensure that these are based on current scientific knowledge. 136. Ensure conservation of biodiversity and human health while dealing with LMOs in transboundary movement in a manner consistent with the multilateral biosafety protocol. 137. Develop appropriate liability and redress mechanisms to internalize environment costs and address economic concerns in case of any damage to biodiversity. 138. Harmonise provisions concerning disclosure of source of biological material and associated knowledge used in the inventions under the Patents Act, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, and Biological Diversity Act, to ensure sharing of benefits by the communities holding traditional knowledge, from such use. 139. Develop supportive regulatory regime for protection of identified wetlands and biosphere reserves. 140. Develop appropriate system and modalities for operationalizing provisions for prior informed consent and benefit sharing under the Biological Diversity Act, working towards greater congruence between these provisions and trade related aspects of intellectual property rights. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 IX X ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200815 16 Building of national capacities for biodiversity conservation and appropriate use of new technologies 141. Develop consortium of lead institutions engaged in conservation providing linkages and networking across public and private sectors. 142. Outsource research and promote joint ventures on key conservation issues. 143. Promote application of biotechnology tools for conserving endangered species. 144. Encourage DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in endangered species to assist conservation. 145. Develop DNA-probe based technology for tracking of LMOs. 146. Develop specific pilot gene banks for LMOs approved for undertaking research and commercial use. 147. Develop capacity for risk assessment, management and communication on LMOs. 148. Support pilot studies on use of biotechnology tools for conservation where appropriate. 149. Develop specific complimentary capacity building measures based on national needs and priorities for the formulation and implementation of national rules and procedures on liability and redress to strengthen the establishment of baseline information and monitoring of changes. 150. Develop protocols for monitoring products based on genetic use restriction technologies. 151. Strengthen participatory appraisal techniques and encourage formation of local institutional structures for planning and management of natural resources for ensuring participation of women. 152. Preserve and strengthen traditional, religious, ritualistic, ethical and cultural methods of conservation. 153. Promote livelihood diversification opportunities for making value added bioresource based products and building upon traditional as well as emerging environmental technologies customized at local/field level. 154. Strengthen manpower, infrastructure and other pertinent capacities including upgradation of skills of officials of the MoEF to enable it to address new and emerging requirements in the field of biodiversity conservation and management. 155. Strengthen capabilities of BSI and ZSI and promote their technical cooperation with SBBs and BMCs. 156. Augment human resource development and personnel management in forestry and wildlife sector. 157. Strengthen multidisciplinary R&D efforts on key areas pertaining to conservation and management of biological diversity. 158. Strengthen and support departments of biology, botany, zoology, sociology, anthropology and other relevant disciplines in central, state and deemed universities/ colleges, with a view to raising the standard of research and producing faculty who could guide the process of environmental education in schools. 159. Promote both formal and non-formal means for environment education and biodiversity conservation. 160. Design and implement awareness programmes, particularly for rural women, and also benefit from their wisdom. Women's organizations such as women's councils and mahila mandals could be used for this purpose. 161. Incorporate modules on conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in foundational and professional training courses for the officers of various services. 162. Promote and/or strengthen education, training, awareness and extension programmes on biodiversity issues for various stakeholders including all levels of students, professionals (such as engineers, doctors, lawyers, CAs, etc.), elected representatives (such as representatives of PRIs, MLAs, MPs, Mayors, etc.), judiciary, NGOs, public and private sectors (e.g. corporate representatives, industrial associations etc.), defence and para military forces, customs, police, media, cultural, spiritual and religious institutions/ individuals. 163. Enhance public education and awareness for biodiversity conservation through audio, visual and print media. 164. Promote activities relating to animal welfare. 165. Develop a system of natural resource accounting reflecting the ecological as well as economic values of biodiversity, with special attention to techniques of green accounting in national accounts and estimation of positive and negative externalities for use of various types of natural resources in the production processes as well as in household and government consumption. 166. Develop suitable valuation models for adoption at national, state and local levels. 167. Support projects and pilot studies aimed at validating methods of valuation of bioresources. 168. Identify key factors and indicators to assess effectiveness of valuation methods and models, taking into consideration the UN guidelines on monitoring and evaluation of socio-economic projects. 169. Assess the utility of traditional and innovative fiscal instruments for promoting conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity. Valuation of goods and services provided by biodiversity, and use of economic instruments in decision making processes NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 IX X ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200815 16 Building of national capacities for biodiversity conservation and appropriate use of new technologies 141. Develop consortium of lead institutions engaged in conservation providing linkages and networking across public and private sectors. 142. Outsource research and promote joint ventures on key conservation issues. 143. Promote application of biotechnology tools for conserving endangered species. 144. Encourage DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in endangered species to assist conservation. 145. Develop DNA-probe based technology for tracking of LMOs. 146. Develop specific pilot gene banks for LMOs approved for undertaking research and commercial use. 147. Develop capacity for risk assessment, management and communication on LMOs. 148. Support pilot studies on use of biotechnology tools for conservation where appropriate. 149. Develop specific complimentary capacity building measures based on national needs and priorities for the formulation and implementation of national rules and procedures on liability and redress to strengthen the establishment of baseline information and monitoring of changes. 150. Develop protocols for monitoring products based on genetic use restriction technologies. 151. Strengthen participatory appraisal techniques and encourage formation of local institutional structures for planning and management of natural resources for ensuring participation of women. 152. Preserve and strengthen traditional, religious, ritualistic, ethical and cultural methods of conservation. 153. Promote livelihood diversification opportunities for making value added bioresource based products and building upon traditional as well as emerging environmental technologies customized at local/field level. 154. Strengthen manpower, infrastructure and other pertinent capacities including upgradation of skills of officials of the MoEF to enable it to address new and emerging requirements in the field of biodiversity conservation and management. 155. Strengthen capabilities of BSI and ZSI and promote their technical cooperation with SBBs and BMCs. 156. Augment human resource development and personnel management in forestry and wildlife sector. 157. Strengthen multidisciplinary R&D efforts on key areas pertaining to conservation and management of biological diversity. 158. Strengthen and support departments of biology, botany, zoology, sociology, anthropology and other relevant disciplines in central, state and deemed universities/ colleges, with a view to raising the standard of research and producing faculty who could guide the process of environmental education in schools. 159. Promote both formal and non-formal means for environment education and biodiversity conservation. 160. Design and implement awareness programmes, particularly for rural women, and also benefit from their wisdom. Women's organizations such as women's councils and mahila mandals could be used for this purpose. 161. Incorporate modules on conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in foundational and professional training courses for the officers of various services. 162. Promote and/or strengthen education, training, awareness and extension programmes on biodiversity issues for various stakeholders including all levels of students, professionals (such as engineers, doctors, lawyers, CAs, etc.), elected representatives (such as representatives of PRIs, MLAs, MPs, Mayors, etc.), judiciary, NGOs, public and private sectors (e.g. corporate representatives, industrial associations etc.), defence and para military forces, customs, police, media, cultural, spiritual and religious institutions/ individuals. 163. Enhance public education and awareness for biodiversity conservation through audio, visual and print media. 164. Promote activities relating to animal welfare. 165. Develop a system of natural resource accounting reflecting the ecological as well as economic values of biodiversity, with special attention to techniques of green accounting in national accounts and estimation of positive and negative externalities for use of various types of natural resources in the production processes as well as in household and government consumption. 166. Develop suitable valuation models for adoption at national, state and local levels. 167. Support projects and pilot studies aimed at validating methods of valuation of bioresources. 168. Identify key factors and indicators to assess effectiveness of valuation methods and models, taking into consideration the UN guidelines on monitoring and evaluation of socio-economic projects. 169. Assess the utility of traditional and innovative fiscal instruments for promoting conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity. Valuation of goods and services provided by biodiversity, and use of economic instruments in decision making processes NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 XI ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200817 18 170. Develop systems for partial ploughing back of the revenues generated in protected areas, zoological parks, botanical gardens, aquaria, etc., for improving their management. 171. Mobilize additional resources based on project formulation for biodiversity conservation. 172. Further consolidate and strengthen global cooperation, especially with UN agencies and other international bodies on issues related to biodiversity. 173. Promote regional cooperation for effective implementation of suitable strategies for conservation of biodiversity, especially with neighbouring countries through flora such as SAARC, ASEAN and ESCAP. 174. Develop projects for accessing funds for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity from external sources, earmarked for conservation through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels. 175. Promote technology transfer and scientific cooperation towards conservation of biological resources, their sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use, taking also into account extant regulations including those relating to taxation. International cooperation NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 XI ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 2008 ACTION POINTS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 200817 18 170. Develop systems for partial ploughing back of the revenues generated in protected areas, zoological parks, botanical gardens, aquaria, etc., for improving their management. 171. Mobilize additional resources based on project formulation for biodiversity conservation. 172. Further consolidate and strengthen global cooperation, especially with UN agencies and other international bodies on issues related to biodiversity. 173. Promote regional cooperation for effective implementation of suitable strategies for conservation of biodiversity, especially with neighbouring countries through flora such as SAARC, ASEAN and ESCAP. 174. Develop projects for accessing funds for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity from external sources, earmarked for conservation through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels. 175. Promote technology transfer and scientific cooperation towards conservation of biological resources, their sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use, taking also into account extant regulations including those relating to taxation. International cooperation NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.4 ACTION POINTS OF PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS 2012 1.5 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 19 20ACTION POINTS OF PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS 2012 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Action 4 Development of Site Specific Management Plans Integration of PAs (Securing Identified Corridors and Connectivity Areas) ?Public awareness and support ?Demonstration of mainstreaming corridors and connectivity for 50 sites ?Action Plan for corridors and connectivity areas of identified sites Diversifying the Governance Types ?Participatory Wildlife Monitoring for strengthening management ? ? ? ? Inventory and Assessment Capacity Building Equipments Preparation of Site Specific Management Plan Protected Area Valuation Assessment ?Targeted studies on PA valuation assessment in select PAs Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation Assessment ?Targeted studies on Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation Assessment in select PAs In order to implement CBD's PoWPA, India prepared an Action Plan in 2012 (MoEF 2012 a) which comprises the following key steps to be pursued under each action: The 12 NBTs along with the indicators and monitoring framework are given in Table 1, with a view to facilitate monitoring of trends and recording progress in their implementation through a consultative process. The agencies that have been identified on the basis of their mandate, domain expertise and geographical coverage for monitoring the progress in achieving the NBTs are also depicted in Table 1. While the frequency of monitoring of the 12 NBTs ranges from three to five years, data may be recorded yearly or more frequently by different agencies. Once the data are first reported for three years, these will be reviewed for any mid-course correction that may be required, and any changes will be incorporated appropriately. Action 5 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.4 ACTION POINTS OF PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS 2012 1.5 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 19 20ACTION POINTS OF PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS 2012 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Action 4 Development of Site Specific Management Plans Integration of PAs (Securing Identified Corridors and Connectivity Areas) ?Public awareness and support ?Demonstration of mainstreaming corridors and connectivity for 50 sites ?Action Plan for corridors and connectivity areas of identified sites Diversifying the Governance Types ?Participatory Wildlife Monitoring for strengthening management ? ? ? ? Inventory and Assessment Capacity Building Equipments Preparation of Site Specific Management Plan Protected Area Valuation Assessment ?Targeted studies on PA valuation assessment in select PAs Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation Assessment ?Targeted studies on Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation Assessment in select PAs In order to implement CBD's PoWPA, India prepared an Action Plan in 2012 (MoEF 2012 a) which comprises the following key steps to be pursued under each action: The 12 NBTs along with the indicators and monitoring framework are given in Table 1, with a view to facilitate monitoring of trends and recording progress in their implementation through a consultative process. The agencies that have been identified on the basis of their mandate, domain expertise and geographical coverage for monitoring the progress in achieving the NBTs are also depicted in Table 1. While the frequency of monitoring of the 12 NBTs ranges from three to five years, data may be recorded yearly or more frequently by different agencies. Once the data are first reported for three years, these will be reviewed for any mid-course correction that may be required, and any changes will be incorporated appropriately. Action 5 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS lTrends in biodiversity and ecosystem services valuation studies lTrends in number and coverage of studies -TEEB, NPV relating to biodiversity lTrends in number and effectiveness of measures developed in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act programme (MGNREGA) and Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) for protection and enhancement of ecosystem services and biodiversity lTrends in biodiversity-inclusive climate change adaptation and mitigation measures formulated/implemented lTrends in area covered by catchment area treatment under irrigation projects lTrends in studies on economic and non-economic valuation of selected ecosystem services lTrends in reflection of biodiversity and ecosystem services in policy decisions, planning and reporting processes lTrends in number of studies on biodiversity-inclusive environment impact assessment, cumulative environment impact assessment (CEIA) and strategic environment assessment (SEA) lTrends in identification, assessment, establishment and strengthening of incentives that reward positive contributions to biodiversity and ecosystem services 21 22 Table 1. National Biodiversity Targets: Indicators and Monitoring Framework Trends in incorporating awareness and attitudes towards environmental conservation through communication and mainstream education By 2020, a significant proportion of the country's population, especially the youth, is aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably. lNumber of students opting for higher-level elective subject and specialization in environmental education (EE) lNumbers of schools enrolled in the National Environment Awareness Campaign, National Green Corps-Eco Clubs Programme, Paryavaran Mitra (Friends of the Environment) Programme, Global Learning and Observations, Gyan Vigyan Vidyalaya, birdwatching clubs, DNA clubs (DBT's Natural Resource Awareness Clubs), etc. lTrends in coverage of environment related programmes and projects with enhanced involvement of youth lTrends in visits to protected areas (PAs), natural history museums and exhibitions and zoological/botanical gardens lTrends in number of Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) constituted/operationalized lTrends in number of people's biodiversity registers (PBRs) prepared lTrends in number of Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) constituted/operationalized lTrends in number of civil society organizations/NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Community Forest Rights (CFR) committees (under Forest Right Act (FRA), 2006) engaged in creating environmental awareness ISC/ICSE and CBSE boards MoEF, Youth for Coastal Marine Conservation, South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN), Ministry of Human Resource Development (MoHRD) Department of Education Centre for Environment Education (CEE), C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre (CPREEC), Centre for Media Studies (CMS), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs (MoSYA) State forest departments (Wildlife Wing), Central Zoo Authority (CZA), CEE National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)/State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) State forest departments, MoEF CEE MoPR Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years Trends in promoting awareness at local levels National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Trends in incorporating natural resource/biodiversit y/ecosystem service values in national and state planning processes and development programmes By 2020, values of biodiversity are integrated in national and state planning processes, development programmes and poverty alleviation strategies. Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research (IGIDR), Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), MoEF Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), MoTA, state forest departments State climate change cells IIFM, IGIDR, IEG, MoEF, NBA MoEF, Planning Commission Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA) 3 years 3 years 3 yearsTrends in policies considering biodiversity and ecosystem services in environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment Trends in integration of biodiversity and ecosystem service values into sectoral and development policies and programmes 3 years NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS lTrends in biodiversity and ecosystem services valuation studies lTrends in number and coverage of studies -TEEB, NPV relating to biodiversity lTrends in number and effectiveness of measures developed in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act programme (MGNREGA) and Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) for protection and enhancement of ecosystem services and biodiversity lTrends in biodiversity-inclusive climate change adaptation and mitigation measures formulated/implemented lTrends in area covered by catchment area treatment under irrigation projects lTrends in studies on economic and non-economic valuation of selected ecosystem services lTrends in reflection of biodiversity and ecosystem services in policy decisions, planning and reporting processes lTrends in number of studies on biodiversity-inclusive environment impact assessment, cumulative environment impact assessment (CEIA) and strategic environment assessment (SEA) lTrends in identification, assessment, establishment and strengthening of incentives that reward positive contributions to biodiversity and ecosystem services 21 22 Table 1. National Biodiversity Targets: Indicators and Monitoring Framework Trends in incorporating awareness and attitudes towards environmental conservation through communication and mainstream education By 2020, a significant proportion of the country's population, especially the youth, is aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably. lNumber of students opting for higher-level elective subject and specialization in environmental education (EE) lNumbers of schools enrolled in the National Environment Awareness Campaign, National Green Corps-Eco Clubs Programme, Paryavaran Mitra (Friends of the Environment) Programme, Global Learning and Observations, Gyan Vigyan Vidyalaya, birdwatching clubs, DNA clubs (DBT's Natural Resource Awareness Clubs), etc. lTrends in coverage of environment related programmes and projects with enhanced involvement of youth lTrends in visits to protected areas (PAs), natural history museums and exhibitions and zoological/botanical gardens lTrends in number of Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) constituted/operationalized lTrends in number of people's biodiversity registers (PBRs) prepared lTrends in number of Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) constituted/operationalized lTrends in number of civil society organizations/NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Community Forest Rights (CFR) committees (under Forest Right Act (FRA), 2006) engaged in creating environmental awareness ISC/ICSE and CBSE boards MoEF, Youth for Coastal Marine Conservation, South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN), Ministry of Human Resource Development (MoHRD) Department of Education Centre for Environment Education (CEE), C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre (CPREEC), Centre for Media Studies (CMS), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs (MoSYA) State forest departments (Wildlife Wing), Central Zoo Authority (CZA), CEE National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)/State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) State forest departments, MoEF CEE MoPR Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years Trends in promoting awareness at local levels National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Trends in incorporating natural resource/biodiversit y/ecosystem service values in national and state planning processes and development programmes By 2020, values of biodiversity are integrated in national and state planning processes, development programmes and poverty alleviation strategies. Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research (IGIDR), Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), MoEF Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), MoTA, state forest departments State climate change cells IIFM, IGIDR, IEG, MoEF, NBA MoEF, Planning Commission Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA) 3 years 3 years 3 yearsTrends in policies considering biodiversity and ecosystem services in environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment Trends in integration of biodiversity and ecosystem service values into sectoral and development policies and programmes 3 years NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 Trends in forest cover Trends in aquatic ecosystems Trends in mangrove cover and coastal area management Trends in river water quality Trends in afforestation and restoration Combating desertification Strategies for reducing rate of degradation, fragmentation and loss of all natural habitats are finalized and actions put in place by 2020 for environmental amelioration and human well-being. lChange in proportion of forest cover in different forest categories (VDF, MDF, OF and Scrub) lChanges in area under riverine ecosystems and wetlands (terrestrial and coastal) lNumber of wetlands under integrated management plans lChange in mangrove cover over the years lTrends in area covered under integrated coastal area management lChanges in water quality (by interception, diversion and treatment of domestic sewage and preventing agricultural runoff, toxic wastes, industrial effluents, chemical wastes and unburnt bodies from entering water bodies) lMonitoring canopy cover, grasslands and traditional grazing lands lMonitoring carbon stock lAssisted natural regeneration lRehabilitation of mined out areas lTrends in land degradation lStatus and trends in area under desert, levels of water in wells/groundwater table Forest Survey of India (FSI) Department of Space (DoS), Wetlands International-South Asia, SACON FSI; Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM), Ministry of Earth Sciences; Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project Unit of Society of Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM); National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), MoEF; DoS National Ganga Authority, National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) (Ganga Action Plan, Yamuna Action Plan and other action plans for polluted water bodies), SPCBs, CPCB Green India Mission, NRSC, DoS, ICFRE, forest departments, FSI Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP), Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Disaster Management Support Programme, DoS, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources 3 years 3 years 2 years 2 years 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 2 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Species restoration after forest and water body restoration Trends in maintenance of fertility in agricultural lands using natural methods and means lStatus of selected indicator species lSoil health records lOrganic carbon and humus buildup lTrends in keeping the health of near pristine soils, being awarded titles under FRA in forest areas lNumber and coverage of management plans developed for prioritized invasive species and integration with PA management plans and wetland management plans lChange in area affected by invasive species Green India Mission, state forest departments Ministry of Agriculture, state forest departments Forest departments, DoS, Wetlands International-South Asia, SACON, ICFRE (Forest Invasive Species Cell), WII, CMLRE, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Annamalai University Faculty of Marine Sciences, CABI South Asia 3 years 3 yearsTrends in invasive alien species management 3 years lNumber and coverage of management plans developed for prioritized invasive species and integration with PA management plans and wetland management plans lChange in area affected by invasive species Forest departments, DoS, Wetlands International-South Asia, SACON, ICFRE (Forest Invasive Species Cell), WII, CMLRE, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Annamalai University Faculty of Marine Sciences, CABI South Asia By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and strategies to manage them developed so that populations of prioritized invasive alien species are managed 23 24NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 Trends in forest cover Trends in aquatic ecosystems Trends in mangrove cover and coastal area management Trends in river water quality Trends in afforestation and restoration Combating desertification Strategies for reducing rate of degradation, fragmentation and loss of all natural habitats are finalized and actions put in place by 2020 for environmental amelioration and human well-being. lChange in proportion of forest cover in different forest categories (VDF, MDF, OF and Scrub) lChanges in area under riverine ecosystems and wetlands (terrestrial and coastal) lNumber of wetlands under integrated management plans lChange in mangrove cover over the years lTrends in area covered under integrated coastal area management lChanges in water quality (by interception, diversion and treatment of domestic sewage and preventing agricultural runoff, toxic wastes, industrial effluents, chemical wastes and unburnt bodies from entering water bodies) lMonitoring canopy cover, grasslands and traditional grazing lands lMonitoring carbon stock lAssisted natural regeneration lRehabilitation of mined out areas lTrends in land degradation lStatus and trends in area under desert, levels of water in wells/groundwater table Forest Survey of India (FSI) Department of Space (DoS), Wetlands International-South Asia, SACON FSI; Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM), Ministry of Earth Sciences; Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project Unit of Society of Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM); National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), MoEF; DoS National Ganga Authority, National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) (Ganga Action Plan, Yamuna Action Plan and other action plans for polluted water bodies), SPCBs, CPCB Green India Mission, NRSC, DoS, ICFRE, forest departments, FSI Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP), Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Disaster Management Support Programme, DoS, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources 3 years 3 years 2 years 2 years 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 2 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Species restoration after forest and water body restoration Trends in maintenance of fertility in agricultural lands using natural methods and means lStatus of selected indicator species lSoil health records lOrganic carbon and humus buildup lTrends in keeping the health of near pristine soils, being awarded titles under FRA in forest areas lNumber and coverage of management plans developed for prioritized invasive species and integration with PA management plans and wetland management plans lChange in area affected by invasive species Green India Mission, state forest departments Ministry of Agriculture, state forest departments Forest departments, DoS, Wetlands International-South Asia, SACON, ICFRE (Forest Invasive Species Cell), WII, CMLRE, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Annamalai University Faculty of Marine Sciences, CABI South Asia 3 years 3 yearsTrends in invasive alien species management 3 years lNumber and coverage of management plans developed for prioritized invasive species and integration with PA management plans and wetland management plans lChange in area affected by invasive species Forest departments, DoS, Wetlands International-South Asia, SACON, ICFRE (Forest Invasive Species Cell), WII, CMLRE, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Annamalai University Faculty of Marine Sciences, CABI South Asia By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and strategies to manage them developed so that populations of prioritized invasive alien species are managed 23 24NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 25 26NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Trends in sustainable agriculture By 2020, measures are adopted for sustainable management of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. lTrends in area under organic farming, integrated pest management lTrends in organic farming certification lTrends in the production/usage of agrochemical fertilizers lTrends in the use of bio fertilizers/biofuels, organic manure and vermicompost lTrends in soil quality and land use lTrends in energy consumption (by types/source) in farms l Trends in groundwater table lTrends in increased acreage under organic production on farms of agricultural research institutions and universities lTrends in enhanced use of landraces lTrends in proliferation of local crops and varieties that are more adapted to the environment, requiring less external inputs and therefore more integrated in the ecosystem, at the same time enhance prospects of greater household food security. lTrends in analysis of agricultural policies and programmes that adversely affect ecosystem services such as pollination Department of Agriculture, ICAR Department of Fertilizers, APEDA NBSS&LUP ICAR ICAR Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, district administration Ministry of Agriculture 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Monitoring agricultural extension lTrends in awareness levels of farmers lTrends in awareness levels of extension service staff, scientists and agricultural research system with relation to agro-biodiversity and associated knowledge Department of Agriculture ICAR 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Ecologically representative areas under terrestrial and inland water, and also coastal and marine zones, especially those of particular lTrends in area of degraded forests lTrends in area of restored forests. lTrends in proportion of products derived from sustainable sources lTrends in catch per unit effort (cpue) lTrends in sale of large-scale or destructive fishing gear (e.g. purse seine, bottom trawlers) lTrends in area covered by trawlers lTrends in frequency of trawling lTrends in certification of fish produce lTrends in number of licences issued to fishing boats in coastal states lTrends in fishing effort capacity Green India Mission, IIFM FSI, ICFRE, FRI Fishery Survey of India, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), CMLRE (for deeper water marine fishes), NBFGR Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries NFDB, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Fishery Survey of India Marine Products Export Development Authority NFDB, Department of Fisheries of each coastal state 3 years 3 yearsTrends in PA coverage under four legal categories (National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Community Reserve and Conservation Reserve) Trends in other area based conservation measures Trends in coverage under Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) under the Biological Diversity Act 2002 3 years lChange in number/area/percentage of PAs over time lArea/number of initiatives lChange in number/area/percentage of BHSs over time Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Indigenous Peoples' and Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCA) consortium, UNDP India, WWF National Biodiversity Authority, SBBs Trends in sustainable forestry Trends in stock sizes of target and bycatch fish species (freshwater and marine) Trends in intensity of destructive fishing practices Trends in sustainable fishing practices Trends in number of fishing boats/fishing capacity 3 years 3 years Annual 3 years 3 years NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 25 26NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Trends in sustainable agriculture By 2020, measures are adopted for sustainable management of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. lTrends in area under organic farming, integrated pest management lTrends in organic farming certification lTrends in the production/usage of agrochemical fertilizers lTrends in the use of bio fertilizers/biofuels, organic manure and vermicompost lTrends in soil quality and land use lTrends in energy consumption (by types/source) in farms l Trends in groundwater table lTrends in increased acreage under organic production on farms of agricultural research institutions and universities lTrends in enhanced use of landraces lTrends in proliferation of local crops and varieties that are more adapted to the environment, requiring less external inputs and therefore more integrated in the ecosystem, at the same time enhance prospects of greater household food security. lTrends in analysis of agricultural policies and programmes that adversely affect ecosystem services such as pollination Department of Agriculture, ICAR Department of Fertilizers, APEDA NBSS&LUP ICAR ICAR Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, district administration Ministry of Agriculture 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Monitoring agricultural extension lTrends in awareness levels of farmers lTrends in awareness levels of extension service staff, scientists and agricultural research system with relation to agro-biodiversity and associated knowledge Department of Agriculture ICAR 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Ecologically representative areas under terrestrial and inland water, and also coastal and marine zones, especially those of particular lTrends in area of degraded forests lTrends in area of restored forests. lTrends in proportion of products derived from sustainable sources lTrends in catch per unit effort (cpue) lTrends in sale of large-scale or destructive fishing gear (e.g. purse seine, bottom trawlers) lTrends in area covered by trawlers lTrends in frequency of trawling lTrends in certification of fish produce lTrends in number of licences issued to fishing boats in coastal states lTrends in fishing effort capacity Green India Mission, IIFM FSI, ICFRE, FRI Fishery Survey of India, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), CMLRE (for deeper water marine fishes), NBFGR Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries NFDB, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Fishery Survey of India Marine Products Export Development Authority NFDB, Department of Fisheries of each coastal state 3 years 3 yearsTrends in PA coverage under four legal categories (National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Community Reserve and Conservation Reserve) Trends in other area based conservation measures Trends in coverage under Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) under the Biological Diversity Act 2002 3 years lChange in number/area/percentage of PAs over time lArea/number of initiatives lChange in number/area/percentage of BHSs over time Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Indigenous Peoples' and Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCA) consortium, UNDP India, WWF National Biodiversity Authority, SBBs Trends in sustainable forestry Trends in stock sizes of target and bycatch fish species (freshwater and marine) Trends in intensity of destructive fishing practices Trends in sustainable fishing practices Trends in number of fishing boats/fishing capacity 3 years 3 years Annual 3 years 3 years NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 27 28NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Trends in wetlands brought under integrated management Trends in Important Bird Areas (IBAs) Status and population trends of 16 IDWH terrestrial species and 7 marine species Trends in forest cover in four designated categories Trends in status of Indian plant and animal species included in IUCN Red Data Book Trends in air and water quality and in noise pollution Status of ecosystem services of selected ecosystems importance for species, biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved effectively and equitably, based on protected area designation and management and other area based conservation measures and are integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes, covering over 20% of the geographic area of the country, by 2020. lChanges in area and ecological status of wetlands through implementation of integrated management plans lChanges in abundance and diversity of waterbird species in wetlands over time lTrends in coverage of sites of international importance for migratory species under CMS convention lChange in number/area of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) over time lPopulation trends of selected species (16 terrestrial and 7 marine species) lChange in proportion of forest cover in different forest categories (VDF, MDF, OF, Scrub) lConservation status of species, subspecies and varieties and even selected subpopulations at a national scale in order to highlight taxa threatened with extinction and therefore promote their conservation lStatus and trends of ambient air quality; monitoring water quality for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, trace metals, pesticides at selected sites; trends in noise levels lStatus of ecological services of selected ecosystems including agricultural landscapes SACON, Wetlands International South Asia, DoS Wetlands International-South Asia, BNHS, SACON Wetlands International-South Asia, BNHS, SACON Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) For terrestrial species: Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), WII, SACON, BNHS, NCF, WTI, WWF, IISc For marine species: CMLRE, ZSI, Fishery Survey of India, National Centre for Antarctic & Oceanic Research (NCAOR), CMFRI FSI IUCN-India, ZSI, BSI, WII CPCB, SPCBs IIFM, IEG 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Yearly 3 years 5 years 2 years 5 years 4 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target lAssessing the conservation status of landraces and varieties to highlight threatened status and therefore promote conservation Ministry of Agriculture, State Biodiversity Boards Trends in areas of exceptional agricultural biodiversity and their threat status By 2020, genetic diversity of cultivated plants, farm livestock, and their wild relatives, including other socio economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity. 3 yearsAnimal genetic diversity lTrends in number of indigenous/domesticated breeds (in situ) lTrends in populations of domestic breeds (in situ) lEffectiveness of initiatives/measures taken to conserve indigenous animal varieties lTrends in germplasm accessions in ex situ collections lTrends in numbers of indigenous varieties (in situ) lTrends in area under cultivation, production/yield (in situ) lEffectiveness of initiatives/measures taken to conserve indigenous crop varieties and their wild relatives lTrends in germplasm accessions in ex situ collections National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) Department of Agriculture Agriculture universities National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) Department of Agriculture Agriculture universities National Bureau of Forest Genetic Resources 3 years 5 years Plant genetic diversity NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 27 28NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Trends in wetlands brought under integrated management Trends in Important Bird Areas (IBAs) Status and population trends of 16 IDWH terrestrial species and 7 marine species Trends in forest cover in four designated categories Trends in status of Indian plant and animal species included in IUCN Red Data Book Trends in air and water quality and in noise pollution Status of ecosystem services of selected ecosystems importance for species, biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved effectively and equitably, based on protected area designation and management and other area based conservation measures and are integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes, covering over 20% of the geographic area of the country, by 2020. lChanges in area and ecological status of wetlands through implementation of integrated management plans lChanges in abundance and diversity of waterbird species in wetlands over time lTrends in coverage of sites of international importance for migratory species under CMS convention lChange in number/area of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) over time lPopulation trends of selected species (16 terrestrial and 7 marine species) lChange in proportion of forest cover in different forest categories (VDF, MDF, OF, Scrub) lConservation status of species, subspecies and varieties and even selected subpopulations at a national scale in order to highlight taxa threatened with extinction and therefore promote their conservation lStatus and trends of ambient air quality; monitoring water quality for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, trace metals, pesticides at selected sites; trends in noise levels lStatus of ecological services of selected ecosystems including agricultural landscapes SACON, Wetlands International South Asia, DoS Wetlands International-South Asia, BNHS, SACON Wetlands International-South Asia, BNHS, SACON Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) For terrestrial species: Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), WII, SACON, BNHS, NCF, WTI, WWF, IISc For marine species: CMLRE, ZSI, Fishery Survey of India, National Centre for Antarctic & Oceanic Research (NCAOR), CMFRI FSI IUCN-India, ZSI, BSI, WII CPCB, SPCBs IIFM, IEG 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target Yearly 3 years 5 years 2 years 5 years 4 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target lAssessing the conservation status of landraces and varieties to highlight threatened status and therefore promote conservation Ministry of Agriculture, State Biodiversity Boards Trends in areas of exceptional agricultural biodiversity and their threat status By 2020, genetic diversity of cultivated plants, farm livestock, and their wild relatives, including other socio economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity. 3 yearsAnimal genetic diversity lTrends in number of indigenous/domesticated breeds (in situ) lTrends in populations of domestic breeds (in situ) lEffectiveness of initiatives/measures taken to conserve indigenous animal varieties lTrends in germplasm accessions in ex situ collections lTrends in numbers of indigenous varieties (in situ) lTrends in area under cultivation, production/yield (in situ) lEffectiveness of initiatives/measures taken to conserve indigenous crop varieties and their wild relatives lTrends in germplasm accessions in ex situ collections National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) Department of Agriculture Agriculture universities National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) Department of Agriculture Agriculture universities National Bureau of Forest Genetic Resources 3 years 5 years Plant genetic diversity NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 29 30NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Human development index-standard of living in India Level of toxic contaminants in wetlands/rivers/aqu atic fauna Extent of restored forest cover in India Extent of groundwater pollution and groundwater levels Trends in use of chemicals and fertilizers in agriculture/organic products By 2020, ecosystem services, especially those relating to water, human health, livelihoods and well-being, are enumerated and measures to safeguard them are identified, taking into account the needs of women and local communities, particularly the poor and vulnerable sections. lTrends in number of people with access to primary/secondary education/health services/safe drinking water/electricity/road connectivity lTrends in number of women with access to primary/secondary education/health services/safe drinking water/electricity/road connectivity lTrends in pollution status of wetlands of international (Ramsar sites) and national (identified by state governments) importance lLevel of toxic contaminants in rivers that provide freshwater for human use lLevels of toxic contaminants in aquatic/terrestrial fauna lTrends in area of forests under restoration lTrends in area under plantations in rural/urban areas lTrends in very dense forest/moderately dense forest in protected areas lTrends in groundwater levels lTrends in proportion of groundwater available for use lAgricultural area under chemicals/ fertilizers/ pesticides use lAgricultural area under organic farming in agro-ecosystems lLevel of nitrogen/phosphorus/essential nutrients in soil MoHRD Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Indian Institute of Toxicology Research FSI, REDD+ Green India Mission JFM programme ICFRE/FRI Central Ground Water Board Department of Agriculture Indian Agriculture Research Institute NBSS&LUP 2 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 3 yearsTrends in wetlands significant for delivering freshwater being brought under integrated management Trends in proportion of people using improved water services Trends in availability of urban greenspaces lArea of wetlands such as lakes and ponds under integrated management lTrends in number of people with access to potable water lTrends in number of households with tap water connections lArea under greenspaces in urban centres (as a proxy to conservation of urban biodiversity) SACON, Wetlands International South Asia, BNHS, DoS Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation Ministry of Urban Development, School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) 2 years 3 years By 2015, Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization as per the Nagoya Protocol are operational, consistent with national legislations. 3 yearsTrends in access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of benefits lTrends in number of proposals for intellectual property rights lTrends in number of cases seeking third party transfer for accession of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge lTrends in number of cases for seeking prior approval of NBA for transferring the results of research to foreign nations, companies, NRIs for commercial purposes lTrends in number of cases seeking approval to bio-resources and associated traditional knowledge for commercial utilization NBA, SBBs Departments of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, ICAR, Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 29 30NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Human development index-standard of living in India Level of toxic contaminants in wetlands/rivers/aqu atic fauna Extent of restored forest cover in India Extent of groundwater pollution and groundwater levels Trends in use of chemicals and fertilizers in agriculture/organic products By 2020, ecosystem services, especially those relating to water, human health, livelihoods and well-being, are enumerated and measures to safeguard them are identified, taking into account the needs of women and local communities, particularly the poor and vulnerable sections. lTrends in number of people with access to primary/secondary education/health services/safe drinking water/electricity/road connectivity lTrends in number of women with access to primary/secondary education/health services/safe drinking water/electricity/road connectivity lTrends in pollution status of wetlands of international (Ramsar sites) and national (identified by state governments) importance lLevel of toxic contaminants in rivers that provide freshwater for human use lLevels of toxic contaminants in aquatic/terrestrial fauna lTrends in area of forests under restoration lTrends in area under plantations in rural/urban areas lTrends in very dense forest/moderately dense forest in protected areas lTrends in groundwater levels lTrends in proportion of groundwater available for use lAgricultural area under chemicals/ fertilizers/ pesticides use lAgricultural area under organic farming in agro-ecosystems lLevel of nitrogen/phosphorus/essential nutrients in soil MoHRD Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Indian Institute of Toxicology Research FSI, REDD+ Green India Mission JFM programme ICFRE/FRI Central Ground Water Board Department of Agriculture Indian Agriculture Research Institute NBSS&LUP 2 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 3 yearsTrends in wetlands significant for delivering freshwater being brought under integrated management Trends in proportion of people using improved water services Trends in availability of urban greenspaces lArea of wetlands such as lakes and ponds under integrated management lTrends in number of people with access to potable water lTrends in number of households with tap water connections lArea under greenspaces in urban centres (as a proxy to conservation of urban biodiversity) SACON, Wetlands International South Asia, BNHS, DoS Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation Ministry of Urban Development, School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) 2 years 3 years By 2015, Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization as per the Nagoya Protocol are operational, consistent with national legislations. 3 yearsTrends in access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of benefits lTrends in number of proposals for intellectual property rights lTrends in number of cases seeking third party transfer for accession of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge lTrends in number of cases for seeking prior approval of NBA for transferring the results of research to foreign nations, companies, NRIs for commercial purposes lTrends in number of cases seeking approval to bio-resources and associated traditional knowledge for commercial utilization NBA, SBBs Departments of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, ICAR, Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 By 2020, national initiatives using communities' traditional knowledge relating to biodiversity are strengthened, with the view to protecting this knowledge in accordance with national legislations and international obligations. 31 32NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Progress in implementing National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) By 2020, an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity action plan is made operational at different levels of governance lTrends in preparation of State Biodiversity Action Plans (SBAPs) lTrends in implementing the activities envisaged under SBAPs SBBs and state planning boards, NBA, MoEF, Departments of Forests, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 3 yearsTrends in documentation/data abstraction and management Trends in access agreements related to traditional knowledge (TK) Trends in grassroots innovations and traditional practices Trends in capacity building related to TK and PBRs lNumber of traditional herbal formulations documented from codified systems of Indian medicine lNumber of transcriptions lNumber of folk uses of medicinal plants documented from PBRs prepared by BMCs lNumber of potential 'bio piracy'/wrong patent cases prevented lNumber of patents and ABS based on TK derived from folk knowledge lNumber of innovations and traditional practices documented lTraining/capacity building at local and community levels lNumbers of BMCs and PRI institutions trained TKDL- AYUSH-CSIR Unit NBA TKDL-AYUSH-CSIR unit Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks, NBA National Innovation Foundation (NIF), NBA NBA, SBBs and Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), BSI, state forest academies and training centres, ICFRE 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 3 yearsTrends in conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants used by India's medical heritage Trends in documentation and awareness of the conservation traditions in TK lNumber of medicinal plant conservation areas (MPCAs) established in the country lTrends in collection of plants providing raw drugs used in Indian systems of medicine lDocumentation and awareness meetings/capacity building workshops/seminars/conferences for various target groups (NGOs, CBOs, Mahila Mandals, academicians) lTrends in number of PBRs prepared MoEF, National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB), FRLHT NMPB CPREEC MoHRD NBA 3 years By 2020, opportunities to increase the availability of financial, human and technical resources to facilitate effective implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the national targets are identified and the Strategy for Resource Mobilization is adopted. 3 yearsTrends in availability of financial, human and technical resources for achieving 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets and 12 National Biodiversity Targets lTrends in financial resources made available for implementing Aichi and National Biodiversity Targets lTrends in human resources made available for implementing Aichi and National Biodiversity Targets lTrends in technical resources made available for implementing Aichi and National Biodiversity Targets Planning Commission, MOEF NBA SBBs State forest departments, MoHRD DoS, MoST, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)/MoES NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 By 2020, national initiatives using communities' traditional knowledge relating to biodiversity are strengthened, with the view to protecting this knowledge in accordance with national legislations and international obligations. 31 32NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETSNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Progress in implementing National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) By 2020, an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity action plan is made operational at different levels of governance lTrends in preparation of State Biodiversity Action Plans (SBAPs) lTrends in implementing the activities envisaged under SBAPs SBBs and state planning boards, NBA, MoEF, Departments of Forests, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 3 yearsTrends in documentation/data abstraction and management Trends in access agreements related to traditional knowledge (TK) Trends in grassroots innovations and traditional practices Trends in capacity building related to TK and PBRs lNumber of traditional herbal formulations documented from codified systems of Indian medicine lNumber of transcriptions lNumber of folk uses of medicinal plants documented from PBRs prepared by BMCs lNumber of potential 'bio piracy'/wrong patent cases prevented lNumber of patents and ABS based on TK derived from folk knowledge lNumber of innovations and traditional practices documented lTraining/capacity building at local and community levels lNumbers of BMCs and PRI institutions trained TKDL- AYUSH-CSIR Unit NBA TKDL-AYUSH-CSIR unit Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks, NBA National Innovation Foundation (NIF), NBA NBA, SBBs and Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), BSI, state forest academies and training centres, ICFRE 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years National Corresponding Composite Description of Responsible agencies Frequency of Biodiversity Aichi Indicator Indicator (Indicative list) monitoring/ Target Biodiversity report Target 3 yearsTrends in conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants used by India's medical heritage Trends in documentation and awareness of the conservation traditions in TK lNumber of medicinal plant conservation areas (MPCAs) established in the country lTrends in collection of plants providing raw drugs used in Indian systems of medicine lDocumentation and awareness meetings/capacity building workshops/seminars/conferences for various target groups (NGOs, CBOs, Mahila Mandals, academicians) lTrends in number of PBRs prepared MoEF, National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB), FRLHT NMPB CPREEC MoHRD NBA 3 years By 2020, opportunities to increase the availability of financial, human and technical resources to facilitate effective implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the national targets are identified and the Strategy for Resource Mobilization is adopted. 3 yearsTrends in availability of financial, human and technical resources for achieving 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets and 12 National Biodiversity Targets lTrends in financial resources made available for implementing Aichi and National Biodiversity Targets lTrends in human resources made available for implementing Aichi and National Biodiversity Targets lTrends in technical resources made available for implementing Aichi and National Biodiversity Targets Planning Commission, MOEF NBA SBBs State forest departments, MoHRD DoS, MoST, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)/MoES NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.6 LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 33 34LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS The actionable points under India's NBAP 2008 bear close harmonization with the 12 NBTs developed in 2014, as can be seen in Table 2. The 12 NBTs capture the essence of NBAP 2008 and its actions points that call for strengthening of in situ, on farm, and ex situ conservation; augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization; regulation of introduction of invasive species and their management; vulnerability assessment regarding climate change and desertification; integration of biodiversity concerns in socio economic development; impacts of pollution; development of biodiversity databases; strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management, national capacity building and appropriate use of new technologies; biodiversity valuation and use of economic instruments in decision-making; and global cooperation on issues related to biodiversity. The four-colour scheme in Table 2 depicts whether the linkage between actionable points of NBAP 2008 and the 12 NBTs is direct, indirect, is at a tertiary level, or has a peripheral connect. Table 2. Linkages between Actionable Points of NBAP 2008 and National Biodiversity Targets The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect 1 Expand the Protected Area (PA) network of the country including Conservation and Community Reserves, to give fair representation to all biogeographic zones of the country. In doing so, develop norms for delineation of PAs in terms of the objectives and principles of the National Environment Policy, in particular, participation of local communities, concerned public agencies, and other stakeholders, who have direct and tangible stake in protection and conservation of wildlife, to harmonize ecological and physical features with needs of socio-economic development 2 Establish self-sustaining monitoring system for overseeing the activities and effectiveness of the PA network 3 Ensure that human activities on the fringe areas of PAs do not degrade the habitat or otherwise significantly disturb wildlife 4 Mitigate man-animal conflicts 5 Promote site-specific eco-development programmes in fringe areas of PAs, to restore livelihoods and access to forest produce by local communities, owing to access restrictions in PAs 6 Promote voluntary relocation of villagers from critical habitats of PAs Strengthening and integration of in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation In Situ Conservation Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.6 LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 33 34LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS The actionable points under India's NBAP 2008 bear close harmonization with the 12 NBTs developed in 2014, as can be seen in Table 2. The 12 NBTs capture the essence of NBAP 2008 and its actions points that call for strengthening of in situ, on farm, and ex situ conservation; augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization; regulation of introduction of invasive species and their management; vulnerability assessment regarding climate change and desertification; integration of biodiversity concerns in socio economic development; impacts of pollution; development of biodiversity databases; strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management, national capacity building and appropriate use of new technologies; biodiversity valuation and use of economic instruments in decision-making; and global cooperation on issues related to biodiversity. The four-colour scheme in Table 2 depicts whether the linkage between actionable points of NBAP 2008 and the 12 NBTs is direct, indirect, is at a tertiary level, or has a peripheral connect. Table 2. Linkages between Actionable Points of NBAP 2008 and National Biodiversity Targets The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect 1 Expand the Protected Area (PA) network of the country including Conservation and Community Reserves, to give fair representation to all biogeographic zones of the country. In doing so, develop norms for delineation of PAs in terms of the objectives and principles of the National Environment Policy, in particular, participation of local communities, concerned public agencies, and other stakeholders, who have direct and tangible stake in protection and conservation of wildlife, to harmonize ecological and physical features with needs of socio-economic development 2 Establish self-sustaining monitoring system for overseeing the activities and effectiveness of the PA network 3 Ensure that human activities on the fringe areas of PAs do not degrade the habitat or otherwise significantly disturb wildlife 4 Mitigate man-animal conflicts 5 Promote site-specific eco-development programmes in fringe areas of PAs, to restore livelihoods and access to forest produce by local communities, owing to access restrictions in PAs 6 Promote voluntary relocation of villagers from critical habitats of PAs Strengthening and integration of in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation In Situ Conservation Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 35 36LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves, on the lines of multi-stakeholder partnerships for afforestation, to derive both environmental and eco-tourism benefits 17 Promote conservation of biodiversity outside the PA network, on private property, on common lands, water bodies and urban areas 18 Formulate and implement programmes for conservation of endangered species outside PAs 19 Ensure conservation of ecologically sensitive areas, which are prone to high risk of loss of biodiversity due to natural or anthropogenic factors 20 Ensure that survey and bioprospecting of native economically important biological resources is undertaken on a priority basis 21 Integrate conservation and wise use of wetlands and river basins involving all stakeholders, in particular local communities, to ensure maintenance of hydrological regimes and conservation of biodiversity 22 Consider particular unique wetlands as entities of incomparable values, in developing strategies for their protection and formulate conservation and prudent use strategies for the identified wetlands with participation of local communities and other stakeholders 23 Identify hotspots of agro-biodiversity under different agro-ecozones and cropping systems and promote on-farm conservation 24 Provide economically feasible and socially acceptable incentives such as value addition and direct market access in the face of On-farm conservation 7 Devise effective management and conservation techniques for the forest preservation plots to ensure conservation of representative areas of different forest type 8 Strengthen research work on PAs, biosphere reserves and fragile ecosystems by involving local research institutions and universities, so as to develop baseline data on biological and managerial parameters, and functional properties of ecosystems 9 Strengthen the protection of areas of high endemism of genetic resources (biodiversity hotspots), while providing alternative livelihoods and access to resources to local communities who may be affected thereby 10 Continue to promote inter-sectoral consultations and partnerships in strengthening biodiversity conservation activities 11 Strengthen capacities and implement measures for captive breeding and release into the wild of identified endangered species 12 Reintroduction and establishment of viable populations of threatened plant species 13 Control poaching and illegal trade in wild animals and plant species 14 Periodically revisit the norms, criteria and needs of data for placing particular species in different schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 15 Promote ecological and socially sensitive tourism and pilgrimage activities with emphasis on regulated and low impact tourism on a sustainable basis through adoption of best practice norms 16 Formulate and implement partnerships for enhancement of wildlife habitat in Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 35 36LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves, on the lines of multi-stakeholder partnerships for afforestation, to derive both environmental and eco-tourism benefits 17 Promote conservation of biodiversity outside the PA network, on private property, on common lands, water bodies and urban areas 18 Formulate and implement programmes for conservation of endangered species outside PAs 19 Ensure conservation of ecologically sensitive areas, which are prone to high risk of loss of biodiversity due to natural or anthropogenic factors 20 Ensure that survey and bioprospecting of native economically important biological resources is undertaken on a priority basis 21 Integrate conservation and wise use of wetlands and river basins involving all stakeholders, in particular local communities, to ensure maintenance of hydrological regimes and conservation of biodiversity 22 Consider particular unique wetlands as entities of incomparable values, in developing strategies for their protection and formulate conservation and prudent use strategies for the identified wetlands with participation of local communities and other stakeholders 23 Identify hotspots of agro-biodiversity under different agro-ecozones and cropping systems and promote on-farm conservation 24 Provide economically feasible and socially acceptable incentives such as value addition and direct market access in the face of On-farm conservation 7 Devise effective management and conservation techniques for the forest preservation plots to ensure conservation of representative areas of different forest type 8 Strengthen research work on PAs, biosphere reserves and fragile ecosystems by involving local research institutions and universities, so as to develop baseline data on biological and managerial parameters, and functional properties of ecosystems 9 Strengthen the protection of areas of high endemism of genetic resources (biodiversity hotspots), while providing alternative livelihoods and access to resources to local communities who may be affected thereby 10 Continue to promote inter-sectoral consultations and partnerships in strengthening biodiversity conservation activities 11 Strengthen capacities and implement measures for captive breeding and release into the wild of identified endangered species 12 Reintroduction and establishment of viable populations of threatened plant species 13 Control poaching and illegal trade in wild animals and plant species 14 Periodically revisit the norms, criteria and needs of data for placing particular species in different schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 15 Promote ecological and socially sensitive tourism and pilgrimage activities with emphasis on regulated and low impact tourism on a sustainable basis through adoption of best practice norms 16 Formulate and implement partnerships for enhancement of wildlife habitat in Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 37 38LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS endemic species to assist in developing their conservation programmes 32 Develop a unified national database covering all ex situ conservation sites 33 Consolidate, augment and strengthen the network of zoos, aquaria, etc., for ex situ conservation 34 Develop networking of botanic gardens and consider establishing a 'Central Authority for Botanic Gardens' to secure their better management on the lines of Central Zoo Authority 35 Provide for training of personnel and mobilize financial resources to strengthen captive breeding projects for endangered species of wild animals 36 Strengthen basic research on reproduction biology of rare, endangered and endemic species to support reintroduction programmes 37 Encourage cultivation of plants of economic value presently gathered from their natural populations to prevent their decline 38 Promote inter-sectoral linkages and synergies to develop and realize full economic potential of ex situ conserved materials in crop and livestock improvement programmes 39 Secure integration of biodiversity concerns into inter-sectoral policies and programmes to identify elements having adverse impact on biodiversity and design policy guidelines to address such issues. Make valuation of biodiversity an integral part of pre-appraisal of projects and programmes to minimize adverse impacts on biodiversity Augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization: Ensuring inter and intra-generational equity replacement by other economically remunerative cultivars 25 Develop appropriate models for on-farm conservation of livestock herds maintained by different institutions and local communities 26 Develop mutually supportive linkages between in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation programmes Ex situ conservation 27 Promote ex situ conservation of rare, endangered, endemic and insufficiently known floristic and faunal components of natural habitats, through appropriate institutionalization and human resource capacity building. For example, pay immediate attention to conservation and multiplication of rare, endangered and endemic tree species through institutions such as Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding 28 Focus on conservation of genetic diversity (in situ, ex situ, in vitro) of cultivated plants, domesticated animals and their wild relatives to support breeding programmes 29 Strengthen national ex situ conservation system for crop and livestock diversity, including poultry, linking national gene banks, clonal repositories and field collections maintained by different research centres and universities 30 Develop cost effective and situation specific technologies for medium and long term storage of seed samples collected by different institutions and organizations 31 Undertake DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in rare, endangered and Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 37 38LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS endemic species to assist in developing their conservation programmes 32 Develop a unified national database covering all ex situ conservation sites 33 Consolidate, augment and strengthen the network of zoos, aquaria, etc., for ex situ conservation 34 Develop networking of botanic gardens and consider establishing a 'Central Authority for Botanic Gardens' to secure their better management on the lines of Central Zoo Authority 35 Provide for training of personnel and mobilize financial resources to strengthen captive breeding projects for endangered species of wild animals 36 Strengthen basic research on reproduction biology of rare, endangered and endemic species to support reintroduction programmes 37 Encourage cultivation of plants of economic value presently gathered from their natural populations to prevent their decline 38 Promote inter-sectoral linkages and synergies to develop and realize full economic potential of ex situ conserved materials in crop and livestock improvement programmes 39 Secure integration of biodiversity concerns into inter-sectoral policies and programmes to identify elements having adverse impact on biodiversity and design policy guidelines to address such issues. Make valuation of biodiversity an integral part of pre-appraisal of projects and programmes to minimize adverse impacts on biodiversity Augmentation of natural resource base and its sustainable utilization: Ensuring inter and intra-generational equity replacement by other economically remunerative cultivars 25 Develop appropriate models for on-farm conservation of livestock herds maintained by different institutions and local communities 26 Develop mutually supportive linkages between in situ, on-farm and ex situ conservation programmes Ex situ conservation 27 Promote ex situ conservation of rare, endangered, endemic and insufficiently known floristic and faunal components of natural habitats, through appropriate institutionalization and human resource capacity building. For example, pay immediate attention to conservation and multiplication of rare, endangered and endemic tree species through institutions such as Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding 28 Focus on conservation of genetic diversity (in situ, ex situ, in vitro) of cultivated plants, domesticated animals and their wild relatives to support breeding programmes 29 Strengthen national ex situ conservation system for crop and livestock diversity, including poultry, linking national gene banks, clonal repositories and field collections maintained by different research centres and universities 30 Develop cost effective and situation specific technologies for medium and long term storage of seed samples collected by different institutions and organizations 31 Undertake DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in rare, endangered and Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect 39 40LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS through research and development, extension of knowledge, pilot scale demonstrations, and large scale dissemination including farmer's training, and where necessary, access to institutional finance 50 Promote reclamation of wasteland and degraded forest land through formulation and adoption of multi-stakeholder partnerships involving the land owning agency, local communities, and investors 51 Promote sustainable alternatives to shifting cultivation where it is no longer ecologically viable, ensuring that the culture and social fabric of the local people are not disrupted 52 Encourage agro-forestry, organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns, and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques 53 Incorporate a special component in afforestation programmes for afforestation on the banks and catchments of rivers and reservoirs to prevent soil erosion and improve green cover 54 Integrate wetland conservation, including conservation of village ponds and tanks, into sectoral development plans for poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement, and link efforts for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands with the ongoing rural infrastructure development and employment generation programmes 55 Promote traditional techniques and practices for conserving village ponds 56 Mainstream the sustainable management of mangroves into the forestry sector regulatory regime so as to ensure the protection of coastal belts and conservation of flora and fauna in those areas 40 Promote decentralized management of biological resources with emphasis on community participation 41 Promote sustainable use of biodiversity in sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy development, fisheries, apiculture, sericulture, forestry and industry 42 Promote conservation, management and sustainable utilization of bamboos and canes, and establish bambusetum and canetum for maintaining species diversity and elite germplasm lines 43 Promote best practices based on traditional sustainable uses of biodiversity and devise mechanisms for providing benefits to local communities 44 Build and regularly update a database on NTFPs, monitor and rationalize use of NTFPs ensuring their sustainable availability to local communities 45 Promote sustainable use of biological resources by supporting studies on traditional utilization of natural resources in selected areas to identify incentives and disincentives, and promote best practices 46 Encourage cultivation of medicinal plants and culture of marine organisms exploited for drugs to prevent their unsustainable extraction from the wild 47 Promote capacity building at grassroot level for participatory decision-making to ensure eco-friendly and sustainable use of natural resources 48 Develop sui generis system for protection of traditional knowledge and related rights including intellectual property rights 49 Encourage adoption of science-based, and traditional sustainable land use practices, Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 39 40LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS through research and development, extension of knowledge, pilot scale demonstrations, and large scale dissemination including farmer's training, and where necessary, access to institutional finance 50 Promote reclamation of wasteland and degraded forest land through formulation and adoption of multi-stakeholder partnerships involving the land owning agency, local communities, and investors 51 Promote sustainable alternatives to shifting cultivation where it is no longer ecologically viable, ensuring that the culture and social fabric of the local people are not disrupted 52 Encourage agro-forestry, organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns, and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques 53 Incorporate a special component in afforestation programmes for afforestation on the banks and catchments of rivers and reservoirs to prevent soil erosion and improve green cover 54 Integrate wetland conservation, including conservation of village ponds and tanks, into sectoral development plans for poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement, and link efforts for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands with the ongoing rural infrastructure development and employment generation programmes 55 Promote traditional techniques and practices for conserving village ponds 56 Mainstream the sustainable management of mangroves into the forestry sector regulatory regime so as to ensure the protection of coastal belts and conservation of flora and fauna in those areas 40 Promote decentralized management of biological resources with emphasis on community participation 41 Promote sustainable use of biodiversity in sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy development, fisheries, apiculture, sericulture, forestry and industry 42 Promote conservation, management and sustainable utilization of bamboos and canes, and establish bambusetum and canetum for maintaining species diversity and elite germplasm lines 43 Promote best practices based on traditional sustainable uses of biodiversity and devise mechanisms for providing benefits to local communities 44 Build and regularly update a database on NTFPs, monitor and rationalize use of NTFPs ensuring their sustainable availability to local communities 45 Promote sustainable use of biological resources by supporting studies on traditional utilization of natural resources in selected areas to identify incentives and disincentives, and promote best practices 46 Encourage cultivation of medicinal plants and culture of marine organisms exploited for drugs to prevent their unsustainable extraction from the wild 47 Promote capacity building at grassroot level for participatory decision-making to ensure eco-friendly and sustainable use of natural resources 48 Develop sui generis system for protection of traditional knowledge and related rights including intellectual property rights 49 Encourage adoption of science-based, and traditional sustainable land use practices, Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 41 42LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 68 Identify the key sectors of the country vulnerable to climate change, in particular impacts on water resources, agriculture, health, coastal areas and forests 69 Promote research to develop methodologies for tracking changes and assessing impacts of climate change on glaciers, river flows and biodiversity 70 Assess the need for adaptation to future impacts of climate change at national and local levels, and the scope for incorporating the outputs of such assessments in relevant programmes, including watershed management, coastal zone planning and regulation, agricultural technologies and practices, forestry management, and health programmes 71 Explicitly consider vulnerability of coastal areas and their biodiversity to climate change and sealevel rise in coastal management plans, as well as infrastructure planning and construction norms 72 Participate in voluntary partnerships with other countries both developed and developing, to address the challenges of sustainable development and climate change, consistent with the provisions of the UNFCCC 73 Identify the most important gaps in knowledge that limit the national ability to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies for species, and ecological processes and functions 74 Enhance the capacity of climate modeling in the country substantially to get clear idea on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity at national and local levels 57 Disseminate available techniques for regeneration of coral reefs and support activities based on application of such techniques 58 Adopt a comprehensive approach to integrated coastal management by addressing linkages between coastal areas, wetlands, and river systems, in relevant policies, regulations and programmes Regulation of introduction of invasive alien species and their management 59 Develop a unified national system for regulation of all introductions and carrying out rigorous quarantine checks 60 Strengthen domestic quarantine measures to contain the spread of invasive species to neighbouring areas 61 Promote intersectoral linkages to check unintended introductions and contain and manage the spread of invasive alien species 62 Develop a national database on invasive alien species reported in India 63 Develop appropriate early warning and awareness system in response to new sightings of invasive alien species 64 Provide priority funding to basic research on managing invasive species 65 Support capacity building for managing invasive alien species at different levels with priority on local area activities 66 Promote restorative measures of degraded ecosystems using preferably locally adapted native species for this purpose 67 Promote regional cooperation in adoption of uniform quarantine measures and containment of invasive exotics Assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and desertification Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 41 42LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 68 Identify the key sectors of the country vulnerable to climate change, in particular impacts on water resources, agriculture, health, coastal areas and forests 69 Promote research to develop methodologies for tracking changes and assessing impacts of climate change on glaciers, river flows and biodiversity 70 Assess the need for adaptation to future impacts of climate change at national and local levels, and the scope for incorporating the outputs of such assessments in relevant programmes, including watershed management, coastal zone planning and regulation, agricultural technologies and practices, forestry management, and health programmes 71 Explicitly consider vulnerability of coastal areas and their biodiversity to climate change and sealevel rise in coastal management plans, as well as infrastructure planning and construction norms 72 Participate in voluntary partnerships with other countries both developed and developing, to address the challenges of sustainable development and climate change, consistent with the provisions of the UNFCCC 73 Identify the most important gaps in knowledge that limit the national ability to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies for species, and ecological processes and functions 74 Enhance the capacity of climate modeling in the country substantially to get clear idea on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity at national and local levels 57 Disseminate available techniques for regeneration of coral reefs and support activities based on application of such techniques 58 Adopt a comprehensive approach to integrated coastal management by addressing linkages between coastal areas, wetlands, and river systems, in relevant policies, regulations and programmes Regulation of introduction of invasive alien species and their management 59 Develop a unified national system for regulation of all introductions and carrying out rigorous quarantine checks 60 Strengthen domestic quarantine measures to contain the spread of invasive species to neighbouring areas 61 Promote intersectoral linkages to check unintended introductions and contain and manage the spread of invasive alien species 62 Develop a national database on invasive alien species reported in India 63 Develop appropriate early warning and awareness system in response to new sightings of invasive alien species 64 Provide priority funding to basic research on managing invasive species 65 Support capacity building for managing invasive alien species at different levels with priority on local area activities 66 Promote restorative measures of degraded ecosystems using preferably locally adapted native species for this purpose 67 Promote regional cooperation in adoption of uniform quarantine measures and containment of invasive exotics Assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and desertification Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 43 44LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 83 Promote reclamation of wastelands by energy plantations for rural energy through multistakeholder partnerships involving the landowning agencies, local communities, and investors 75 Develop ecological criteria for identifying the species and ecosystems that are at great risk from climate change and identify their priority habitats 76 Identify information requirements and priorities, through expert consultative processes, for longterm monitoring of climate change impacts on biodiversity 77 Establish a climate change and biodiversity website for decision makers concerned with national resource management to facilitate information exchange about the actual and potential impacts of climate change and relevant policies, strategies and programmes 78 In view of the multidisciplinary nature of the subject, undertake an 'All India Coordinated Research Project on Impacts of Climate Change' on various facets of wild and agricultural biodiversity 79 Integrate biodiversity concerns into measures for energy conservation and adoption of renewable energy technologies with a focus on local biomass resources and dissemination of improved fuelwood stoves, and solar cookers 80 Strengthen efforts for partial substitution of fossil fuels by bio-fuels, through promotion of biofuel plantations, promoting relevant research and development, and streamlining regulatory certification of new technologies 81 Strengthen and augment the existing programmes and activities of the Central and State Governments relating to drylands 82 Prepare and implement thematic action plans incorporating watershed management strategies, for arresting and reversing desertification and expanding green cover Integration of biodiversity concerns in economic and social development 84 Develop strong research base on impact assessment and conduct rigorous impact assessment of development projects, with a focus on biodiversity and habitats 85 Integrate biodiversity concerns across development sectors (such as industry, infrastructure, power, mining, etc.) and promote use of clean technologies 86 Accord priority to the potential impacts of development projects on biodiversity resources and natural heritage while undertaking EIA. In particular, ancient sacred groves and biodiversity hotspots should be treated as possessing incomparable values 87 Take steps to adopt and institutionalize techniques for environmental assessment of sectoral policies and programmes to address any potential adverse impacts, and enhance potential favourable impacts 88 Develop and integrate pre-project plans for reallocation and rehabilitation of local people likely to be displaced by development projects keeping in view their socio-cultural and livelihood needs 89 Ensure that in all cases of diversion of forest land, the essential minimum needed land for the project or activity is permitted. Restrict the diversion of dense natural forests, particularly areas of high endemism of genetic resources, to non-forest purposes, only to site-specific cases of vital national interest Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 43 44LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 83 Promote reclamation of wastelands by energy plantations for rural energy through multistakeholder partnerships involving the landowning agencies, local communities, and investors 75 Develop ecological criteria for identifying the species and ecosystems that are at great risk from climate change and identify their priority habitats 76 Identify information requirements and priorities, through expert consultative processes, for longterm monitoring of climate change impacts on biodiversity 77 Establish a climate change and biodiversity website for decision makers concerned with national resource management to facilitate information exchange about the actual and potential impacts of climate change and relevant policies, strategies and programmes 78 In view of the multidisciplinary nature of the subject, undertake an 'All India Coordinated Research Project on Impacts of Climate Change' on various facets of wild and agricultural biodiversity 79 Integrate biodiversity concerns into measures for energy conservation and adoption of renewable energy technologies with a focus on local biomass resources and dissemination of improved fuelwood stoves, and solar cookers 80 Strengthen efforts for partial substitution of fossil fuels by bio-fuels, through promotion of biofuel plantations, promoting relevant research and development, and streamlining regulatory certification of new technologies 81 Strengthen and augment the existing programmes and activities of the Central and State Governments relating to drylands 82 Prepare and implement thematic action plans incorporating watershed management strategies, for arresting and reversing desertification and expanding green cover Integration of biodiversity concerns in economic and social development 84 Develop strong research base on impact assessment and conduct rigorous impact assessment of development projects, with a focus on biodiversity and habitats 85 Integrate biodiversity concerns across development sectors (such as industry, infrastructure, power, mining, etc.) and promote use of clean technologies 86 Accord priority to the potential impacts of development projects on biodiversity resources and natural heritage while undertaking EIA. In particular, ancient sacred groves and biodiversity hotspots should be treated as possessing incomparable values 87 Take steps to adopt and institutionalize techniques for environmental assessment of sectoral policies and programmes to address any potential adverse impacts, and enhance potential favourable impacts 88 Develop and integrate pre-project plans for reallocation and rehabilitation of local people likely to be displaced by development projects keeping in view their socio-cultural and livelihood needs 89 Ensure that in all cases of diversion of forest land, the essential minimum needed land for the project or activity is permitted. Restrict the diversion of dense natural forests, particularly areas of high endemism of genetic resources, to non-forest purposes, only to site-specific cases of vital national interest Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 45 46LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS ash, red mud, and slag, minimizing thereby their adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems 98 Promote sustainable tourism through adoption of best practice norms for tourism facilities and conservation of natural resources while encouraging multistakeholder partnerships favouring local communities 99 Develop and implement viable models of public-private partnerships for setting up and operating secure landfills, incinerators, and other appropriate techniques for the treatment and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes, both industrial and biomedical, on payment by users, taking the concerns of local communities into account. The concerned local communities and State Governments must have clear entitlements to specified benefits from hosting such sites, if access is given to non-local users. Develop and implement strategies for clean up of toxic and hazardous waste dump legacies, in particular in industrial areas, and abandoned mines, and reclamation of such lands for future, sustainable use 100 Survey and develop a national inventory of toxic and hazardous waste dumps, and an online monitoring system for movement of hazardous wastes. Strengthen capacity of institutions responsible for monitoring and enforcement in respect of toxic and hazardous wastes 101 Strengthen the legal arrangements and response measures for addressing emergencies arising out of transportation, handling and disposal of hazardous wastes as part of the chemical accidents regime 102 Promote organic farming of traditional crop varieties through research in and 90 Give priority to impact assessment of development projects on .wetlands; in particular, ensuring that environmental services of wetlands are explicitly factored into cost-benefit analysis 91 Promote integrated approaches to management of river basins considering upstream and downstream inflows and withdrawals by season, pollution loads and natural regeneration capacities, in particular, for maintenance of in-stream ecological values 92 Consider and mitigate the impacts on river and estuarine flora and fauna, and the resulting change in the resource base for livelihoods, of multipurpose river valley projects, power plants and industries 93 Adopt best practice norms for infrastructure construction to avoid or minimize damage to sensitive ecosystems and despoiling of landscapes 94 Support practices of rain water harvesting and revival of traditional methods for enhancing groundwater recharge 95 Give due consideration to the quality and productivity of lands which are proposed to be converted for development activities, as part of the environmental clearance process 96 Ensure provision for environmental restoration during commissioning and after decommissioning of industries. For example, in all approvals of mining plans, institutionalize a system of postmonitoring of projects to ensure safe disposal of tailings and ecosystem rehabilitation following the principles of ecological succession 97 Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers and regulation, the beneficial utilization of wastes such as fly ash, bottom Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 45 46LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS ash, red mud, and slag, minimizing thereby their adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems 98 Promote sustainable tourism through adoption of best practice norms for tourism facilities and conservation of natural resources while encouraging multistakeholder partnerships favouring local communities 99 Develop and implement viable models of public-private partnerships for setting up and operating secure landfills, incinerators, and other appropriate techniques for the treatment and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes, both industrial and biomedical, on payment by users, taking the concerns of local communities into account. The concerned local communities and State Governments must have clear entitlements to specified benefits from hosting such sites, if access is given to non-local users. Develop and implement strategies for clean up of toxic and hazardous waste dump legacies, in particular in industrial areas, and abandoned mines, and reclamation of such lands for future, sustainable use 100 Survey and develop a national inventory of toxic and hazardous waste dumps, and an online monitoring system for movement of hazardous wastes. Strengthen capacity of institutions responsible for monitoring and enforcement in respect of toxic and hazardous wastes 101 Strengthen the legal arrangements and response measures for addressing emergencies arising out of transportation, handling and disposal of hazardous wastes as part of the chemical accidents regime 102 Promote organic farming of traditional crop varieties through research in and 90 Give priority to impact assessment of development projects on .wetlands; in particular, ensuring that environmental services of wetlands are explicitly factored into cost-benefit analysis 91 Promote integrated approaches to management of river basins considering upstream and downstream inflows and withdrawals by season, pollution loads and natural regeneration capacities, in particular, for maintenance of in-stream ecological values 92 Consider and mitigate the impacts on river and estuarine flora and fauna, and the resulting change in the resource base for livelihoods, of multipurpose river valley projects, power plants and industries 93 Adopt best practice norms for infrastructure construction to avoid or minimize damage to sensitive ecosystems and despoiling of landscapes 94 Support practices of rain water harvesting and revival of traditional methods for enhancing groundwater recharge 95 Give due consideration to the quality and productivity of lands which are proposed to be converted for development activities, as part of the environmental clearance process 96 Ensure provision for environmental restoration during commissioning and after decommissioning of industries. For example, in all approvals of mining plans, institutionalize a system of postmonitoring of projects to ensure safe disposal of tailings and ecosystem rehabilitation following the principles of ecological succession 97 Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers and regulation, the beneficial utilization of wastes such as fly ash, bottom Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 47 48LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 110 Avoid excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides while encouraging integrated pest management practices, and use of organic manures and biofertilisers 111 Promote organic farming of locally adapted and traditional crop varieties through appropriate incentives, and direct access to markets duly supported by credible certification systems 112 Develop a strategy for strengthening regulation, and addressing impacts, of ship breaking activities on human health, coastal and near marine bioresources 113 Accord priority to potential impacts on designated natural heritage sites in view of their incomparable values that merit stricter standards than in otherwise comparable situations 114 Promote R&D on impacts of air, water and soil pollution on biodiversity and use of biological methods for pollution amelioration dissemination of techniques for reclamation of land with prior exposure to agricultural chemicals, facilitating marketing of organic produce in India and abroad, including by development of transparent, voluntary and science-based labeling schemes 103 Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines for management of e-waste as part of the hazardous waste regime 104 Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers, and regulations, the beneficial utilization of generally non-hazardous waste streams such as fly ash, bottom ash, red mud, and slag, including in cement and brick-making, and building railway and highway embankments Pollution impacts 105 Minimise and eliminate activities leading to loss of biodiversity due to point and non point sources of pollution and promote development of clean technologies 106 Strengthen the monitoring and enforcement of emission standards for both point and non-point sources 107 Develop location-specific work plans focusing on biodiversity conservation while managing pollution problems 108 Treat and manage industrial effluents so as to minimize adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biological resources 109 Promote biodegradable and recyclable substitutes for non-biodegradable materials, and develop and implement strategies for their recycle, reuse, and final environmentally benign disposal, including through promotion of relevant technologies, and use of incentive based instruments Development and integration of biodiversity databases 115 Develop an integrated national biodiversity information system with distributive linkages for easy storage, retrieval and dissemination including through augmentation of extant efforts of spatial mapping of natural resources and development of interactive databases at national level 116 Intensify survey, identification and inventorization activities, involving local institutions and giving priority to hitherto unexplored areas 117 Conduct regular surveys to monitor changes in populations of target species (wild and Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 47 48LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 110 Avoid excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides while encouraging integrated pest management practices, and use of organic manures and biofertilisers 111 Promote organic farming of locally adapted and traditional crop varieties through appropriate incentives, and direct access to markets duly supported by credible certification systems 112 Develop a strategy for strengthening regulation, and addressing impacts, of ship breaking activities on human health, coastal and near marine bioresources 113 Accord priority to potential impacts on designated natural heritage sites in view of their incomparable values that merit stricter standards than in otherwise comparable situations 114 Promote R&D on impacts of air, water and soil pollution on biodiversity and use of biological methods for pollution amelioration dissemination of techniques for reclamation of land with prior exposure to agricultural chemicals, facilitating marketing of organic produce in India and abroad, including by development of transparent, voluntary and science-based labeling schemes 103 Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines for management of e-waste as part of the hazardous waste regime 104 Promote, through incentives, removal of barriers, and regulations, the beneficial utilization of generally non-hazardous waste streams such as fly ash, bottom ash, red mud, and slag, including in cement and brick-making, and building railway and highway embankments Pollution impacts 105 Minimise and eliminate activities leading to loss of biodiversity due to point and non point sources of pollution and promote development of clean technologies 106 Strengthen the monitoring and enforcement of emission standards for both point and non-point sources 107 Develop location-specific work plans focusing on biodiversity conservation while managing pollution problems 108 Treat and manage industrial effluents so as to minimize adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biological resources 109 Promote biodegradable and recyclable substitutes for non-biodegradable materials, and develop and implement strategies for their recycle, reuse, and final environmentally benign disposal, including through promotion of relevant technologies, and use of incentive based instruments Development and integration of biodiversity databases 115 Develop an integrated national biodiversity information system with distributive linkages for easy storage, retrieval and dissemination including through augmentation of extant efforts of spatial mapping of natural resources and development of interactive databases at national level 116 Intensify survey, identification and inventorization activities, involving local institutions and giving priority to hitherto unexplored areas 117 Conduct regular surveys to monitor changes in populations of target species (wild and Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 49 50LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 127 Formulate suggestive policies for strengthening and supporting conservation and management of grasslands, pastoral lands, sacred groves and other areas significant for biodiversity conservation 128 Support preparation of PBRs with technical help by the scientific institutions 129 Strengthen systems for documentation, application and protection of biodiversityassociated traditional knowledge, providing adequate protection to these knowledge systems while encouraging benefits to communities 130 Revive and revitalize sustainable traditional practices and other folk uses of components of biodiversity and associated benefits to local communities with a view to promoting and strengthening traditional knowledge and practices 131 Create public education and awareness about the need to conserve, protect and gainfully use traditional knowledge systems 132 Identify emerging areas for new legislation, based on better scientific understanding, economic and social development, and development of multilateral environmental regimes, in line with the NE 133 Review the body of existing legislations relevant to biodiversity conservation to develop synergies among relevant statutes and regulations, eliminate obsolescence, and amalgamate provisions with similar objectives, in line with the NEP. Further, encourage and facilitate review of legislations at the level of state and local governments with a view to ensuring their consistency with this policy 134 Review the regulatory processes for LMOs so that all relevant scientific knowledge is domesticated), using remote sensing and other updated tools and techniques 118 Update list of endangered species of flora and fauna on priority, based on internationally accepted criteria 119 Extend listing of keystone, umbrella and endemic species for conserving them on priority basis, and develop models/packages for their conservation 120 Update database on sacred groves and sacred ponds documenting bio-resources and associated knowledge conserved at these sites 121 Promote DNA fingerprinting, other molecular analytical techniques and studies on genetic diversity of critically endangered species to develop appropriate conservation strategies 122 Expand area specific surveys of land races, traditional cultivars of crops, wild relatives of crop plants and breeds of domesticated animals inter alia through application of appropriate statistical techniques 123 Use modern taxonomic methods for documentation/identification of species 124 Strengthen and build capacity for taxonomy and biosystematics, particularly for groups of plants, animals and microorganisms which are as yet inadequately understood Strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management 125 Accelerate effective actions at the central, state and local levels to implement provisions under the Biological Diversity Act 126 Review enabling policies to prevent transfer of prime agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes, and promote sustainability of agricultural lands Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 49 50LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 127 Formulate suggestive policies for strengthening and supporting conservation and management of grasslands, pastoral lands, sacred groves and other areas significant for biodiversity conservation 128 Support preparation of PBRs with technical help by the scientific institutions 129 Strengthen systems for documentation, application and protection of biodiversityassociated traditional knowledge, providing adequate protection to these knowledge systems while encouraging benefits to communities 130 Revive and revitalize sustainable traditional practices and other folk uses of components of biodiversity and associated benefits to local communities with a view to promoting and strengthening traditional knowledge and practices 131 Create public education and awareness about the need to conserve, protect and gainfully use traditional knowledge systems 132 Identify emerging areas for new legislation, based on better scientific understanding, economic and social development, and development of multilateral environmental regimes, in line with the NE 133 Review the body of existing legislations relevant to biodiversity conservation to develop synergies among relevant statutes and regulations, eliminate obsolescence, and amalgamate provisions with similar objectives, in line with the NEP. Further, encourage and facilitate review of legislations at the level of state and local governments with a view to ensuring their consistency with this policy 134 Review the regulatory processes for LMOs so that all relevant scientific knowledge is domesticated), using remote sensing and other updated tools and techniques 118 Update list of endangered species of flora and fauna on priority, based on internationally accepted criteria 119 Extend listing of keystone, umbrella and endemic species for conserving them on priority basis, and develop models/packages for their conservation 120 Update database on sacred groves and sacred ponds documenting bio-resources and associated knowledge conserved at these sites 121 Promote DNA fingerprinting, other molecular analytical techniques and studies on genetic diversity of critically endangered species to develop appropriate conservation strategies 122 Expand area specific surveys of land races, traditional cultivars of crops, wild relatives of crop plants and breeds of domesticated animals inter alia through application of appropriate statistical techniques 123 Use modern taxonomic methods for documentation/identification of species 124 Strengthen and build capacity for taxonomy and biosystematics, particularly for groups of plants, animals and microorganisms which are as yet inadequately understood Strengthening implementation of policy, legislative and administrative measures for biodiversity conservation and management 125 Accelerate effective actions at the central, state and local levels to implement provisions under the Biological Diversity Act 126 Review enabling policies to prevent transfer of prime agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes, and promote sustainability of agricultural lands Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 51 52LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 142 Outsource research and promote joint ventures on key conservation issues 143 Promote application of biotechnology tools for conserving endangered species 144 Encourage DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in endangered species to assist conservation 145 Develop DNA-probe based technology for tracking of LMOs 146 Develop specific pilot gene banks for LMOs approved for undertaking research and commercial use 147 Develop capacity for risk assessment, management and communication on LMOs 148 Support pilot studies on use of biotechnology tools for conservation where appropriate 149 Develop specific complimentary capacity building measures based on national needs and priorities for the formulation and implementation of national rules and procedures on liability and redress to strengthen the establishment of baseline information and monitoring of changes 150 Develop protocols for monitoring products based on genetic use restriction technologies 151 Strengthen participatory appraisal techniques and encourage formation of local institutional structures for planning and management of natural resources for ensuring participation of women 152 Preserve and strengthen traditional, religious, ritualistic, ethical and cultural methods of conservation 153 Promote livelihood diversification opportunities for making value added taken into account, and ecological, health, and economic concerns are adequately addressed 135 Periodically review and update the national biosafety guidelines to ensure that these are based on current scientific knowledge 136 Ensure conservation of biodiversity and human health while dealing with LMOs in transboundary movement in a manner consistent with the multilateral biosafety protocol 137 Develop appropriate liability and redress mechanisms to internalize environment costs and address economic concerns in case of any damage to biodiversity 138 Harmonise provisions concerning disclosure of source of biological material and associated knowledge used in the inventions under the Patents Act, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, and Biological Diversity Act, to ensure sharing of benefits by the communities holding traditional knowledge, from such use 139 Develop supportive regulatory regime for protection of identified wetlands and biosphere reserves 140 Develop appropriate system and modalities for operationalizing provisions for prior informed consent and benefit sharing under the Biological Diversity Act, working towards greater congruence between these provisions and trade related aspects of intellectual property rights 141 Develop consortium of lead institutions engaged in conservation providing linkages and networking across public and private sectors Building of national capacities for biodiversity conservation and appropriate use of new technologies Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 51 52LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 142 Outsource research and promote joint ventures on key conservation issues 143 Promote application of biotechnology tools for conserving endangered species 144 Encourage DNA profiling for assessment of genetic diversity in endangered species to assist conservation 145 Develop DNA-probe based technology for tracking of LMOs 146 Develop specific pilot gene banks for LMOs approved for undertaking research and commercial use 147 Develop capacity for risk assessment, management and communication on LMOs 148 Support pilot studies on use of biotechnology tools for conservation where appropriate 149 Develop specific complimentary capacity building measures based on national needs and priorities for the formulation and implementation of national rules and procedures on liability and redress to strengthen the establishment of baseline information and monitoring of changes 150 Develop protocols for monitoring products based on genetic use restriction technologies 151 Strengthen participatory appraisal techniques and encourage formation of local institutional structures for planning and management of natural resources for ensuring participation of women 152 Preserve and strengthen traditional, religious, ritualistic, ethical and cultural methods of conservation 153 Promote livelihood diversification opportunities for making value added taken into account, and ecological, health, and economic concerns are adequately addressed 135 Periodically review and update the national biosafety guidelines to ensure that these are based on current scientific knowledge 136 Ensure conservation of biodiversity and human health while dealing with LMOs in transboundary movement in a manner consistent with the multilateral biosafety protocol 137 Develop appropriate liability and redress mechanisms to internalize environment costs and address economic concerns in case of any damage to biodiversity 138 Harmonise provisions concerning disclosure of source of biological material and associated knowledge used in the inventions under the Patents Act, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, and Biological Diversity Act, to ensure sharing of benefits by the communities holding traditional knowledge, from such use 139 Develop supportive regulatory regime for protection of identified wetlands and biosphere reserves 140 Develop appropriate system and modalities for operationalizing provisions for prior informed consent and benefit sharing under the Biological Diversity Act, working towards greater congruence between these provisions and trade related aspects of intellectual property rights 141 Develop consortium of lead institutions engaged in conservation providing linkages and networking across public and private sectors Building of national capacities for biodiversity conservation and appropriate use of new technologies Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 53 54LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS foundational and professional training courses for the officers of various services 162 Promote and/or strengthen education, training, awareness and extension programmes on biodiversity issues for various stakeholders including all levels of students, professionals (such as engineers, doctors, lawyers, CAs, etc.), elected representatives (such as representatives of PRIs, MLAs, MPs, Mayors, etc.), judiciary, NGOs, public and private sectors (e.g. corporate representatives, industrial associations etc.), defence and para military forces, customs, police, media, cultural, spiritual and religious institutions/ individuals 163 Enhance public education and awareness for biodiversity conservation through audio, visual and print media 164 Promote activities relating to animal welfare 165 Develop a system of natural resource accounting reflecting the ecological as well as economic values of biodiversity, with special attention to techniques of green accounting in national accounts and estimation of positive and negative externalities for use of various types of natural resources in the production processes as well as in household and government consumption 166 Develop suitable valuation models for adoption at national, state and local levels 167 Support projects and pilot studies aimed at validating methods of valuation of bioresources 168 Identify key factors and indicators to assess effectiveness of valuation methods and bioresource based products and building upon traditional as well as emerging environmental technologies customized at local/field level 154 Strengthen manpower, infrastructure and other pertinent capacities including upgradation of skills of officials of the MoEF to enable it to address new and emerging requirements in the field of biodiversity conservation and management 155 Strengthen capabilities of BSI and ZSI and promote their technical cooperation with SBBs and BMCs 156 Augment human resource development and personnel management in forestry and wildlife sector 157 Strengthen multidisciplinary R&D efforts on key areas pertaining to conservation and management of biological diversity 158 Strengthen and support departments of biology, botany, zoology, sociology, anthropology and other relevant disciplines in central, state and deemed universities/ colleges, with a view to raising the standard of research and producing faculty who could guide the process of environmental education in schools 159 Promote both formal and non-formal means for environment education and biodiversity conservation 160 Design and implement awareness programmes, particularly for rural women, and also benefit from their wisdom. Women's organizations such as women's councils and mahila mandals could be used for this purpose 161 Incorporate modules on conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in Valuation of goods and services provided by biodiversity, and use of economic instruments in decision making processes Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 53 54LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS foundational and professional training courses for the officers of various services 162 Promote and/or strengthen education, training, awareness and extension programmes on biodiversity issues for various stakeholders including all levels of students, professionals (such as engineers, doctors, lawyers, CAs, etc.), elected representatives (such as representatives of PRIs, MLAs, MPs, Mayors, etc.), judiciary, NGOs, public and private sectors (e.g. corporate representatives, industrial associations etc.), defence and para military forces, customs, police, media, cultural, spiritual and religious institutions/ individuals 163 Enhance public education and awareness for biodiversity conservation through audio, visual and print media 164 Promote activities relating to animal welfare 165 Develop a system of natural resource accounting reflecting the ecological as well as economic values of biodiversity, with special attention to techniques of green accounting in national accounts and estimation of positive and negative externalities for use of various types of natural resources in the production processes as well as in household and government consumption 166 Develop suitable valuation models for adoption at national, state and local levels 167 Support projects and pilot studies aimed at validating methods of valuation of bioresources 168 Identify key factors and indicators to assess effectiveness of valuation methods and bioresource based products and building upon traditional as well as emerging environmental technologies customized at local/field level 154 Strengthen manpower, infrastructure and other pertinent capacities including upgradation of skills of officials of the MoEF to enable it to address new and emerging requirements in the field of biodiversity conservation and management 155 Strengthen capabilities of BSI and ZSI and promote their technical cooperation with SBBs and BMCs 156 Augment human resource development and personnel management in forestry and wildlife sector 157 Strengthen multidisciplinary R&D efforts on key areas pertaining to conservation and management of biological diversity 158 Strengthen and support departments of biology, botany, zoology, sociology, anthropology and other relevant disciplines in central, state and deemed universities/ colleges, with a view to raising the standard of research and producing faculty who could guide the process of environmental education in schools 159 Promote both formal and non-formal means for environment education and biodiversity conservation 160 Design and implement awareness programmes, particularly for rural women, and also benefit from their wisdom. Women's organizations such as women's councils and mahila mandals could be used for this purpose 161 Incorporate modules on conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in Valuation of goods and services provided by biodiversity, and use of economic instruments in decision making processes Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.7 FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ALLOCATIONS CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 55 56LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ALLOCATIONS CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 models, taking into consideration the UN guidelines on monitoring and evaluation of socio-economic projects 169 Assess the utility of traditional and innovative fiscal instruments for promoting conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity 170 Develop systems for partial ploughing back of the revenues generated in protected areas, zoological parks, botanical gardens, aquaria, etc., for improving their management 171 Mobilize additional resources based on project formulation for biodiversity conservation International cooperation 172 Further consolidate and strengthen global cooperation, especially with UN agencies and other international bodies on issues related to biodiversity 173 Promote regional cooperation for effective implementation of suitable strategies for conservation of biodiversity, especially with neighbouring countries through fora such as SAARC, ASEAN and ESCAP 174 Develop projects for accessing funds for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity from external sources, earmarked for conservation through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels 175 Promote technology transfer and scientific cooperation towards conservation of biological resources, their sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use, taking also into account extant regulations including those relating to taxation Resource flows to the biodiversity sector include direct core funding and non-core funding (that originates from the budgetary resources of the MoEF); indirect peripheral funding, which comprises development budgetary resources that are allocated by other scientific and development Ministries/Departments of the GoI towards programmes that have a bearing on biodiversity conservation; and funding by the State Governments on biodiversity and environment. The MoEF undertook an assessment of funding for biodiversity conservation for the year 2010-2011 in which funding for core (direct and immediate biodiversity impact of MoEF programmes/schemes), net non-core (indirect), and net peripheral funding flows (from biodiversity relevant 29 schemes of seven Ministries/Departments other than MoEF), along with core funding by the State Governments was assessed (MoEF 2012 b). Building on this study and using similar methodology, an assessment was conducted for 2013-2014 that included expanded datasets based on peripheral funding related to 77 schemes of 23 Ministries/Departments of the GoI (MoEF 2014). In the context of Strategic Goal E and Aichi Biodiversity Target 20 relating to resource mobilization, and keeping into consideration the call to Parties for providing data on resource mobilization according to the indicators adopted in CoP decision X/3, activities have been classified into those that are directly related to biodiversity and others that are indirectly related to biodiversity for assessing funding for biodiversity conservation. Funding for activities directly related to biodiversity include activities taken up for in situ/ex situ conservation, for protected areas, for maintaining genetic diversity and for addressing threats to specific ecosystems and/or species. Funding considered under this category is generally provided by environmental agencies that directly and purposely consider biodiversity within their mandates. Activities that have benefits for biodiversity but for which biodiversity conservation and sustainable use are not the main focus are considered to bear an indirect relation with regard to funding for biodiversity conservation. The total estimated funding for biodiversity conservation during 2013-2014 (including core, non-core and peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation) is provided in Table 3. As explained in the foregoing, peripheral funding pertains to funding related to biodiversity conservation under 77 schemes and programmes of 23 Ministries/ Departments of the GoI other than the MoEF. Table 3. Core, non-core and peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation in 2013–2014 Nature of funding Amount (` in crores) Core 1564.34 Non-core 259.8 Core + non-core 1824.14 States 5025.57 Peripheral ` 2354.74 (23 Ministries, 77 schemes) Total ` 9204.45 crores or USD 1482.68 million (at 1USD = ` 62.08 in February 2014) The allocations of funding for biodiversity conservation for activities that are contributing towards achieving the 12 NBTs have been explored below (Figures 1, 2, 3) with regard to core, non-core funding of MoEF and peripheral funding related to 23 Ministries. The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.7 FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ALLOCATIONS CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 55 56LINKAGES BETWEEN ACTIONABLE POINTS OF NBAP 2008 AND THE 12 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ALLOCATIONS CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Actionable points of NBAP 2008 National Biodiversity Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 models, taking into consideration the UN guidelines on monitoring and evaluation of socio-economic projects 169 Assess the utility of traditional and innovative fiscal instruments for promoting conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity 170 Develop systems for partial ploughing back of the revenues generated in protected areas, zoological parks, botanical gardens, aquaria, etc., for improving their management 171 Mobilize additional resources based on project formulation for biodiversity conservation International cooperation 172 Further consolidate and strengthen global cooperation, especially with UN agencies and other international bodies on issues related to biodiversity 173 Promote regional cooperation for effective implementation of suitable strategies for conservation of biodiversity, especially with neighbouring countries through fora such as SAARC, ASEAN and ESCAP 174 Develop projects for accessing funds for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity from external sources, earmarked for conservation through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels 175 Promote technology transfer and scientific cooperation towards conservation of biological resources, their sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use, taking also into account extant regulations including those relating to taxation Resource flows to the biodiversity sector include direct core funding and non-core funding (that originates from the budgetary resources of the MoEF); indirect peripheral funding, which comprises development budgetary resources that are allocated by other scientific and development Ministries/Departments of the GoI towards programmes that have a bearing on biodiversity conservation; and funding by the State Governments on biodiversity and environment. The MoEF undertook an assessment of funding for biodiversity conservation for the year 2010-2011 in which funding for core (direct and immediate biodiversity impact of MoEF programmes/schemes), net non-core (indirect), and net peripheral funding flows (from biodiversity relevant 29 schemes of seven Ministries/Departments other than MoEF), along with core funding by the State Governments was assessed (MoEF 2012 b). Building on this study and using similar methodology, an assessment was conducted for 2013-2014 that included expanded datasets based on peripheral funding related to 77 schemes of 23 Ministries/Departments of the GoI (MoEF 2014). In the context of Strategic Goal E and Aichi Biodiversity Target 20 relating to resource mobilization, and keeping into consideration the call to Parties for providing data on resource mobilization according to the indicators adopted in CoP decision X/3, activities have been classified into those that are directly related to biodiversity and others that are indirectly related to biodiversity for assessing funding for biodiversity conservation. Funding for activities directly related to biodiversity include activities taken up for in situ/ex situ conservation, for protected areas, for maintaining genetic diversity and for addressing threats to specific ecosystems and/or species. Funding considered under this category is generally provided by environmental agencies that directly and purposely consider biodiversity within their mandates. Activities that have benefits for biodiversity but for which biodiversity conservation and sustainable use are not the main focus are considered to bear an indirect relation with regard to funding for biodiversity conservation. The total estimated funding for biodiversity conservation during 2013-2014 (including core, non-core and peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation) is provided in Table 3. As explained in the foregoing, peripheral funding pertains to funding related to biodiversity conservation under 77 schemes and programmes of 23 Ministries/ Departments of the GoI other than the MoEF. Table 3. Core, non-core and peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation in 2013–2014 Nature of funding Amount (` in crores) Core 1564.34 Non-core 259.8 Core + non-core 1824.14 States 5025.57 Peripheral ` 2354.74 (23 Ministries, 77 schemes) Total ` 9204.45 crores or USD 1482.68 million (at 1USD = ` 62.08 in February 2014) The allocations of funding for biodiversity conservation for activities that are contributing towards achieving the 12 NBTs have been explored below (Figures 1, 2, 3) with regard to core, non-core funding of MoEF and peripheral funding related to 23 Ministries. The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect The linkage is at a tertiary level There is no primary, secondary or tertiary linkage, except a peripheral connect NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.7.1 CORE AND NON-CORE FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF BUDGET ALLOCATION VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS PERIPHERAL FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 1.7.2 57 58CORE AND NON-CORE FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF BUDGET ALLOCATION VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS PERIPHERAL FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS MoEF in 2013-14 had allocated a sum of ` 1824.14 crores towards biodiversity conservation of which 1564.34 crores and 259.8 crores formed core and non-core funding, respectively. In early 2014, MoEF formulated 12 NBTs (MoEF 2014). An effort has been made to work out the relative allocation of the overall MoEF funding for biodiversity conservation contributing towards each of the 12 NBTs (Figure 1). The highest allocation works out to be for NBT 6, followed by NBT 1, and NBT 3, while the lowest allocation is for NBT 7 followed by that for NBT 4. The highest allocation for NBT 6 results due to the fact that within the overall budget of the MoEF, a substantial part of the budgetary allocation is under "Forestry and Wildlife" wherein the funds contribute strongly towards activities envisaged under NBT 6. The next highest allocation contributing towards achieving NBT 1 is due to the fact that a large number of MoEF insitutions and Centres of Excellence are creating information and are helping in generating awareness on environment and biodiversity conservation. The high allocation for NBT 3 is owing to the allocation for programmes and activities that prevent habitat loss and fragmentation and support afforestation and ecological restoration. Although MoEF allocation for NBT 4 works out to be low, there are other Ministries in GoI, particularly Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Earth Sciences, which have programmes/ schemes for dealing with invasive species. Similarly, MoEF allocations for NBT 7 have emerged to be low since activities under NBT 7 fall within the purview of the Ministry of Agriculture, specifically the five national bureaus, namely, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII), and National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), which are carrying out activities that contribute to achieving NBT 7. Figure 1. MoEF budget allocation (2013-2014) that contributes towards NBTs Of the 23 Ministries that have been identified as contributing towards peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation, the allocations of MoRD and MoDWS constitute the highest proportion of funding (as MoRD and MoDWS allocations are several times higher than the rest of the 21 Ministries, these have not been depicted graphically in Figure 2). This is due to the overall high allocations of the schemes of MoRD and MoDWS that contribute to biodiversity conservation in peripheral or indirect ways. The allocations of MoRD particularly contribute towards NBT 2. The allocation of the MoDWS schemes contribute towards activities envisaged under NBT 5. Of the remaining 21 Ministries (Table 4), the allocations are highest towards NBT 12, followed by NBT 10 and NBT 2 while the lowest three allocations are for NBT 1 followed by NBT 7 and NBT 6 (Figure 2). Table 4. Indicative list of Ministries/Departments and National Biodiversity Targets for Implementation of the National Biodiversity Action Plan Ministries/Departments of National Biodiversity Targets Government of India and Planning Commission Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (MoCF) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Coal (MoC) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) 1 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Human Resource Development (MoHRD) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MoNRE) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Power (MoP) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Shipping (MoS) 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Tourism (MoT) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 33 2. 88 94 .3 8 33 1. 90 60 .8 0 97 .9 8 39 6. 06 57 .2 0 15 5. 97 61 .9 7 10 1. 09 66 .7 9 67 .0 1 NBT1 NBT2 NBT3 NBT4 NBT5 NBT6 NBT7 NBT8 NBT9 NBT10 NBT11 NBT12 National Biodiversity Targets R up ee s in c ro re s NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.7.1 CORE AND NON-CORE FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF BUDGET ALLOCATION VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS PERIPHERAL FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 1.7.2 57 58CORE AND NON-CORE FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF BUDGET ALLOCATION VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS PERIPHERAL FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS MoEF in 2013-14 had allocated a sum of ` 1824.14 crores towards biodiversity conservation of which 1564.34 crores and 259.8 crores formed core and non-core funding, respectively. In early 2014, MoEF formulated 12 NBTs (MoEF 2014). An effort has been made to work out the relative allocation of the overall MoEF funding for biodiversity conservation contributing towards each of the 12 NBTs (Figure 1). The highest allocation works out to be for NBT 6, followed by NBT 1, and NBT 3, while the lowest allocation is for NBT 7 followed by that for NBT 4. The highest allocation for NBT 6 results due to the fact that within the overall budget of the MoEF, a substantial part of the budgetary allocation is under "Forestry and Wildlife" wherein the funds contribute strongly towards activities envisaged under NBT 6. The next highest allocation contributing towards achieving NBT 1 is due to the fact that a large number of MoEF insitutions and Centres of Excellence are creating information and are helping in generating awareness on environment and biodiversity conservation. The high allocation for NBT 3 is owing to the allocation for programmes and activities that prevent habitat loss and fragmentation and support afforestation and ecological restoration. Although MoEF allocation for NBT 4 works out to be low, there are other Ministries in GoI, particularly Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Earth Sciences, which have programmes/ schemes for dealing with invasive species. Similarly, MoEF allocations for NBT 7 have emerged to be low since activities under NBT 7 fall within the purview of the Ministry of Agriculture, specifically the five national bureaus, namely, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII), and National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), which are carrying out activities that contribute to achieving NBT 7. Figure 1. MoEF budget allocation (2013-2014) that contributes towards NBTs Of the 23 Ministries that have been identified as contributing towards peripheral funding for biodiversity conservation, the allocations of MoRD and MoDWS constitute the highest proportion of funding (as MoRD and MoDWS allocations are several times higher than the rest of the 21 Ministries, these have not been depicted graphically in Figure 2). This is due to the overall high allocations of the schemes of MoRD and MoDWS that contribute to biodiversity conservation in peripheral or indirect ways. The allocations of MoRD particularly contribute towards NBT 2. The allocation of the MoDWS schemes contribute towards activities envisaged under NBT 5. Of the remaining 21 Ministries (Table 4), the allocations are highest towards NBT 12, followed by NBT 10 and NBT 2 while the lowest three allocations are for NBT 1 followed by NBT 7 and NBT 6 (Figure 2). Table 4. Indicative list of Ministries/Departments and National Biodiversity Targets for Implementation of the National Biodiversity Action Plan Ministries/Departments of National Biodiversity Targets Government of India and Planning Commission Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (MoCF) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Coal (MoC) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) 1 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Human Resource Development (MoHRD) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MoNRE) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Power (MoP) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Shipping (MoS) 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 12 Ministry of Tourism (MoT) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 33 2. 88 94 .3 8 33 1. 90 60 .8 0 97 .9 8 39 6. 06 57 .2 0 15 5. 97 61 .9 7 10 1. 09 66 .7 9 67 .0 1 NBT1 NBT2 NBT3 NBT4 NBT5 NBT6 NBT7 NBT8 NBT9 NBT10 NBT11 NBT12 National Biodiversity Targets R up ee s in c ro re s NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 COMBINED ALLOCATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF AND 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 1.7.3 59 60PERIPHERAL FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS COMBINED ALLOCATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF AND 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Department of Space (DoS) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MoYAS) 1 2 3 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 (MoSPI) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology 9 10 12 Technology (MoCIT) Planning Commission of India 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministries/Departments of National Biodiversity Targets Government of India and Planning Commission Figure 2. Budget allocations (2013-2014) of 21 Ministries of GoI (excluding MoRD and MoDWS) that contribute towards NBTs Of the combined allocations of all 24 Ministries including MoEF for biodiversity conservation, maximum funds allocated contribute towards NBT 3 followed by NBT 8 and NBT 10, while the lowest allocations are towards NBT 7 followed by NBT 4 (Figure 3). Figure 3. Combined allocation of funds (2013 2014) of MoEF and 23 Ministries/ Departments of GoI that contribute towards NBTs 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 R up ee s in c ro re s NBT1 NBT2 NBT3 NBT4 NBT5 NBT6 NBT7 NBT8 NBT9 NBT10 NBT11 NBT12 National Baidiversity Targets MoCIT MoYAS MoWR MoTA MoS MoRD MoPNG MoNRE MoHFW MoSPI DoS MoUD MoT MoST MoP MoPR MoHRD MoES MODWS MoC MoA MoCI MoCF 700.00 600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 NBT1 NBT2 NBT3 NBT4 NBT5 NBT6 NBT7 NBT8 NBT9 NBT10 NBT11 NBT12 9. 57 33 2. 88 30 8. 76 94 .3 8 27 7. 57 33 1. 90 15 .1 1 60 .8 0 27 8. 78 97 .9 8 13 .3 9 39 6. 06 10 .0 8 57 .2 0 30 6. 92 15 5. 97 23 2. 00 61 .9 7 32 7. 01 10 1. 09 23 5. 17 66 .7 9 34 0. 38 67 .0 1 National Biodiversity Targets R up ee s in c ro re s 23 Ministries total expenditure MoEF expenditure NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 COMBINED ALLOCATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF AND 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 1.7.3 59 60PERIPHERAL FUNDING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS COMBINED ALLOCATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: MOEF AND 23 MINISTRIES VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Department of Space (DoS) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MoYAS) 1 2 3 9 10 11 12 Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 (MoSPI) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology 9 10 12 Technology (MoCIT) Planning Commission of India 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ministries/Departments of National Biodiversity Targets Government of India and Planning Commission Figure 2. Budget allocations (2013-2014) of 21 Ministries of GoI (excluding MoRD and MoDWS) that contribute towards NBTs Of the combined allocations of all 24 Ministries including MoEF for biodiversity conservation, maximum funds allocated contribute towards NBT 3 followed by NBT 8 and NBT 10, while the lowest allocations are towards NBT 7 followed by NBT 4 (Figure 3). Figure 3. Combined allocation of funds (2013 2014) of MoEF and 23 Ministries/ Departments of GoI that contribute towards NBTs 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 R up ee s in c ro re s NBT1 NBT2 NBT3 NBT4 NBT5 NBT6 NBT7 NBT8 NBT9 NBT10 NBT11 NBT12 National Baidiversity Targets MoCIT MoYAS MoWR MoTA MoS MoRD MoPNG MoNRE MoHFW MoSPI DoS MoUD MoT MoST MoP MoPR MoHRD MoES MODWS MoC MoA MoCI MoCF 700.00 600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 NBT1 NBT2 NBT3 NBT4 NBT5 NBT6 NBT7 NBT8 NBT9 NBT10 NBT11 NBT12 9. 57 33 2. 88 30 8. 76 94 .3 8 27 7. 57 33 1. 90 15 .1 1 60 .8 0 27 8. 78 97 .9 8 13 .3 9 39 6. 06 10 .0 8 57 .2 0 30 6. 92 15 5. 97 23 2. 00 61 .9 7 32 7. 01 10 1. 09 23 5. 17 66 .7 9 34 0. 38 67 .0 1 National Biodiversity Targets R up ee s in c ro re s 23 Ministries total expenditure MoEF expenditure NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 1.8 61 62PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS The CBD vide CoP-7 Decision VII/28 established PoWPA with the overall purpose to support the establishment and maintenance by 2010 for terrestrial and by 2012 for marine areas of comprehensive, effectively managed, and ecologically representative national and regional systems of protected areas that collectively, inter alia, through a global network contribute to achieving the three objectives of the Convention and the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional, national and sub-national levels and contribute to poverty reduction and the pursuit of sustainable development, thereby supporting the objectives of the Strategic Plan of the Convention, the World Summit on Sustainable Development Plan of Implementation and the Millennium Development Goals. The PoWPA was developed bearing in mind the need to avoid unnecessary duplication with existing thematic work programmes and other ongoing initiatives of the CBD, and to promote synergy and coordination with relevant programmes of various international organizations. It consists of the following four interlinked elements intended to be mutually reinforcing and cross-cutting in their implementation: 1) Direct actions for planning, selecting, establishing, strengthening, and managing, protected area systems and sites. 2) Governance, participation, equity and benefit sharing. 3) Enabling activities. 4) Standards, assessment, and monitoring. In pursuance to CoP-10 decision X/31 requesting Parties to submit action plans for the implementation of the PoWPA, India prepared and submitted PoWPA action plan (www.cbd.int/database/attachment/?id=1551). In line with paragraph 1(c) of decision X/31, the CoP urged Parties to integrate national PoWPAs into updated NBSAPs, which, in accordance with paragraphs 3 (c) and (d) of decision X/2, should be adopted as policy instruments and used as a primary framework for implementation and as the basis for securing the necessary financial support, including from national budgets and from bilateral, multilateral and other sources. The linkages between India's action plan for PoWPA implementation and the action points under India's NBAP 2008 accordingly are shown in Table 5. Table 5. Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and action points of NBAP 2008 Development of site specific management plan Integration of Protected Areas (PA) (securing identified corridors and connectivity areas) Diversifying the governance types PA valuation assessment Climate change resilience and adaptation assessment Action Points under PoWPA NBAP 2008 Action Points Implementation Plan (India) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect As can be seen from Table 5, the action points under India's plan for PoWPA implementation demonstrate convergence with all NBAP 2008 action points. However, linkages of PoWPA implementation action points under "Diversifying the governance types" and "PA valuation assessments" with NBAP 2008 action points are currently indirect and need to be strengthened. The linkages between India's action plan for PoWPA implementation and the 12 NBTs is shown in Table 6. Table 6. Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and 12 NBTs Development of site specific management plan Integration of Protected Areas (PA) (securing identified corridors and connectivity areas) Diversifying the governance types PA valuation assessment Climate change resilience and adaptation assessment Action Points under PoWPA National Biodiversity Targets Implementation Plan (India) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect 9 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS 1.8 61 62PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS The CBD vide CoP-7 Decision VII/28 established PoWPA with the overall purpose to support the establishment and maintenance by 2010 for terrestrial and by 2012 for marine areas of comprehensive, effectively managed, and ecologically representative national and regional systems of protected areas that collectively, inter alia, through a global network contribute to achieving the three objectives of the Convention and the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional, national and sub-national levels and contribute to poverty reduction and the pursuit of sustainable development, thereby supporting the objectives of the Strategic Plan of the Convention, the World Summit on Sustainable Development Plan of Implementation and the Millennium Development Goals. The PoWPA was developed bearing in mind the need to avoid unnecessary duplication with existing thematic work programmes and other ongoing initiatives of the CBD, and to promote synergy and coordination with relevant programmes of various international organizations. It consists of the following four interlinked elements intended to be mutually reinforcing and cross-cutting in their implementation: 1) Direct actions for planning, selecting, establishing, strengthening, and managing, protected area systems and sites. 2) Governance, participation, equity and benefit sharing. 3) Enabling activities. 4) Standards, assessment, and monitoring. In pursuance to CoP-10 decision X/31 requesting Parties to submit action plans for the implementation of the PoWPA, India prepared and submitted PoWPA action plan (www.cbd.int/database/attachment/?id=1551). In line with paragraph 1(c) of decision X/31, the CoP urged Parties to integrate national PoWPAs into updated NBSAPs, which, in accordance with paragraphs 3 (c) and (d) of decision X/2, should be adopted as policy instruments and used as a primary framework for implementation and as the basis for securing the necessary financial support, including from national budgets and from bilateral, multilateral and other sources. The linkages between India's action plan for PoWPA implementation and the action points under India's NBAP 2008 accordingly are shown in Table 5. Table 5. Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and action points of NBAP 2008 Development of site specific management plan Integration of Protected Areas (PA) (securing identified corridors and connectivity areas) Diversifying the governance types PA valuation assessment Climate change resilience and adaptation assessment Action Points under PoWPA NBAP 2008 Action Points Implementation Plan (India) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect As can be seen from Table 5, the action points under India's plan for PoWPA implementation demonstrate convergence with all NBAP 2008 action points. However, linkages of PoWPA implementation action points under "Diversifying the governance types" and "PA valuation assessments" with NBAP 2008 action points are currently indirect and need to be strengthened. The linkages between India's action plan for PoWPA implementation and the 12 NBTs is shown in Table 6. Table 6. Linkages between India's action points for PoWPA implementation and 12 NBTs Development of site specific management plan Integration of Protected Areas (PA) (securing identified corridors and connectivity areas) Diversifying the governance types PA valuation assessment Climate change resilience and adaptation assessment Action Points under PoWPA National Biodiversity Targets Implementation Plan (India) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect 9 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.9 LINKAGES BETWEEN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION 63 64PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION Since PoWPA is directly related to Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 and NBT 6, there is strong convergence between India's PoWPA implementation plan and NBT 6, as indicated in Table 6. The first action point under India's PoWPA implementation plan on "Development of site-specific management plans" incorporates aspects related to both Aichi Biodiversity Target 9 and NBT 4 on invasive species management. However, there is a need to strengthen convergence between this first action point for PoWPA implementation and NBT 4. There is also a need for building stronger linkages of the NBTs with action points under PoWPA implementation for "PA valuation assessment" and "Climate change resilience and adaptation assessment". The funding support for programmes and activities that show strong linkages between PoWPA implementation will have to be continued and where the linkages are as yet indirect, more funding resources will have to be allocated. Recognizing the critical role of plants in supporting ecosystem resilience, provision of ecosystem services, adapting to and mitigating environmental challenges, and for supporting human well being, CoP-10 adopted the consolidated update of Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) in 2010, including the 16 outcome oriented global targets, the implementation of which is to be pursued as a part of the broader framework of the SP (see Appendix II). These targets range from protecting threatened species to ensuring that plant products are taken from sources which are sustainably managed. Implementing the GSPC will contribute to meeting the goal to reduce significantly the rate of biodiversity loss. The linkages between GSPC Targets and the action points under India's NBAP 2008 are shown in Table 7. Table 7. Linkages between GSPC Targets and NBAP 2008 Action Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Global Strategy for Plant NBAP 2008 Action Points Conservation Targets I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect As indicated in Table 7, the action points under NBAP 2008 demonstrate convergence with all the targets of GSPC. In particular, Action Point I of NBAP 2008, namely "Strengthening and integration of in situ, on farm and ex situ conservation", is strongly linked with the GSPC targets. The linkages between GSPC Targets and the 12 NBTs are shown in Table 8. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.9 LINKAGES BETWEEN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION 63 64PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS: LINKAGES WITH NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN AND NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS LINKAGES BETWEEN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION Since PoWPA is directly related to Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 and NBT 6, there is strong convergence between India's PoWPA implementation plan and NBT 6, as indicated in Table 6. The first action point under India's PoWPA implementation plan on "Development of site-specific management plans" incorporates aspects related to both Aichi Biodiversity Target 9 and NBT 4 on invasive species management. However, there is a need to strengthen convergence between this first action point for PoWPA implementation and NBT 4. There is also a need for building stronger linkages of the NBTs with action points under PoWPA implementation for "PA valuation assessment" and "Climate change resilience and adaptation assessment". The funding support for programmes and activities that show strong linkages between PoWPA implementation will have to be continued and where the linkages are as yet indirect, more funding resources will have to be allocated. Recognizing the critical role of plants in supporting ecosystem resilience, provision of ecosystem services, adapting to and mitigating environmental challenges, and for supporting human well being, CoP-10 adopted the consolidated update of Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) in 2010, including the 16 outcome oriented global targets, the implementation of which is to be pursued as a part of the broader framework of the SP (see Appendix II). These targets range from protecting threatened species to ensuring that plant products are taken from sources which are sustainably managed. Implementing the GSPC will contribute to meeting the goal to reduce significantly the rate of biodiversity loss. The linkages between GSPC Targets and the action points under India's NBAP 2008 are shown in Table 7. Table 7. Linkages between GSPC Targets and NBAP 2008 Action Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Global Strategy for Plant NBAP 2008 Action Points Conservation Targets I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect As indicated in Table 7, the action points under NBAP 2008 demonstrate convergence with all the targets of GSPC. In particular, Action Point I of NBAP 2008, namely "Strengthening and integration of in situ, on farm and ex situ conservation", is strongly linked with the GSPC targets. The linkages between GSPC Targets and the 12 NBTs are shown in Table 8. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.10 IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 65 66LINKAGES BETWEEN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Table 8. Linkages between GSPC Targets and 12 National Biodiversity Targets. The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Global Strategy for Plant National Biodiversity Targets Conservation Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 129 India's NBTs and the GSPC targets have linkages which are strong in relation to several aspects (as indicated in Table 8) particularly in case of GSPC target 4 ("At least 15 per cent of each ecological region or vegetation type secured through effective management and/or restoration"), target 5 ("At least 75 per cent of the most important areas for plant diversity of each ecological region protected, with effective management in place for conserving plants and their genetic diversity"), and target 7 ("At least 75 per cent of known threatened plant species conserved in situ"), which bear strong convergence with NBTs. NBT 6, which pertains to species conservation and area-based measures and their effective and equitable management, and NBT 11, pertaining to protection and promotion of traditional knowledge, bear important direct linkages with the GPSC targets. Opportunities for building stronger convergence need to be explored and supported where the inter-linkages are indirect. The road map for implementation of the NBAP and for achieving the NBTs involves the MoEF and 23 Ministries/Departments of the GoI that have been identified (Table 4), the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs), Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs), State Forest Departments (SFDs), State Planning Boards and the relevant Departments of State Governments such as Fisheries, Forests, Agriculture, Livestock and Animal Husbandry, Mining and Education. Local-level institutions, including BMCs, Forest Rights Committees (FRCs), Village Ecodevelopment Committees (VEDCs), Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and Gram Sabhas (village assemblies) are crucial for implementation of the NBAP. A multi-tier mechanism for implementation as depicted in Figure 4 will be used. Figure 4. Implementation plan for NBAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) CENTRAL GOVT.* STATE GOVTs. PLANNING COMMISSION NBA MoEF SFDs VEDCs 20 MINISTRIESMoTAMoA BUREAUS MoPR JFMCs MPCA FRCs RELEVANT STATE DEPARTMENTS STATE PLANNING BOARDS SBBs BMCs PBRs PANCHAYATS/ GRAMSABHA ** Bureaus NBPGR:National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources NBAGR:National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources NBFGR:National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources NBAIM:National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms NBAII:National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects NBSS & LUP:National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning SFD: State Forest Department VEDC: Village Ecodevelopment Committee JFMC: Joint Forest Management Committee FRC: Forest Rights Committee NBA:National Biodiversity Authority SBBs:State Biodiversity Boards BMCs:Biodiversity Management Committees PBRs:People’s Biodiversity Register * see Table 4 ** State Departments of Agriculture, Livestock & Animal Husbandry, Fisheries. Education etc. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 1.10 IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN 65 66LINKAGES BETWEEN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY TARGETS AND GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Table 8. Linkages between GSPC Targets and 12 National Biodiversity Targets. The linkage is primary/ direct The linkage is secondary/ indirect 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Global Strategy for Plant National Biodiversity Targets Conservation Targets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 129 India's NBTs and the GSPC targets have linkages which are strong in relation to several aspects (as indicated in Table 8) particularly in case of GSPC target 4 ("At least 15 per cent of each ecological region or vegetation type secured through effective management and/or restoration"), target 5 ("At least 75 per cent of the most important areas for plant diversity of each ecological region protected, with effective management in place for conserving plants and their genetic diversity"), and target 7 ("At least 75 per cent of known threatened plant species conserved in situ"), which bear strong convergence with NBTs. NBT 6, which pertains to species conservation and area-based measures and their effective and equitable management, and NBT 11, pertaining to protection and promotion of traditional knowledge, bear important direct linkages with the GPSC targets. Opportunities for building stronger convergence need to be explored and supported where the inter-linkages are indirect. The road map for implementation of the NBAP and for achieving the NBTs involves the MoEF and 23 Ministries/Departments of the GoI that have been identified (Table 4), the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs), Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs), State Forest Departments (SFDs), State Planning Boards and the relevant Departments of State Governments such as Fisheries, Forests, Agriculture, Livestock and Animal Husbandry, Mining and Education. Local-level institutions, including BMCs, Forest Rights Committees (FRCs), Village Ecodevelopment Committees (VEDCs), Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and Gram Sabhas (village assemblies) are crucial for implementation of the NBAP. A multi-tier mechanism for implementation as depicted in Figure 4 will be used. Figure 4. Implementation plan for NBAP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) CENTRAL GOVT.* STATE GOVTs. PLANNING COMMISSION NBA MoEF SFDs VEDCs 20 MINISTRIESMoTAMoA BUREAUS MoPR JFMCs MPCA FRCs RELEVANT STATE DEPARTMENTS STATE PLANNING BOARDS SBBs BMCs PBRs PANCHAYATS/ GRAMSABHA ** Bureaus NBPGR:National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources NBAGR:National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources NBFGR:National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources NBAIM:National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms NBAII:National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects NBSS & LUP:National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning SFD: State Forest Department VEDC: Village Ecodevelopment Committee JFMC: Joint Forest Management Committee FRC: Forest Rights Committee NBA:National Biodiversity Authority SBBs:State Biodiversity Boards BMCs:Biodiversity Management Committees PBRs:People’s Biodiversity Register * see Table 4 ** State Departments of Agriculture, Livestock & Animal Husbandry, Fisheries. Education etc. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 REFERENCES 67 68IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN REFERENCES The activities listed in the NBAP are ongoing, and are being undertaken under the ambit of existing schemes and programmes by the Central and State Governments, public and private sector as well as civil society organisations, securing full utilisation of available infrastructure and funds, with augmentation and further inputs, wherever required. In addition, sources of bilateral and multilateral funding are explored and availed of for implementing some of these activities, in accordance with the extant policies and regulations. Thus, the action points in the NBAP are to be the basis for seeking funds from domestic and external sources. In order to sharpen the inter-linkages between the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and India's NBAP, the plan schemes and programmes of the MoEF and those of other Ministries/Departments of the GoI have to be further aligned for their outcomes in terms of indicators provided by the Aichi Biodiversity Targets/NBTs in the coming years. Further, possibilities of leveraging substantial financial resources at the national level to implement India's NBAP in the light of SP 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets also needs to be explored. Towards this, an indicative list of Ministries/Departments has been prepared with respect to each NBTs (Table 4). Moreover, fulfilling the overall aim of the NBAP and progress towards achieving NBTs requires widespread public engagement and participation wherein opportunities are made available at the individual level that enable citizens to make long-term choices that support biodiversity and its conservation. This is because conservation of biodiversity has to be everyone's responsibility. While Governments have to play a crucial facilitative role, all citizens must work together and contribute to meet the challenge of halting the continuing decline in biodiversity. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 MoEF (1999) National Policy and Macrolevel Action Strategy on Biodiversity. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2008) National Biodiversity Action Plan. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2012 a) India's Action Plan for Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity's Programme of Work on Protected Areas. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2012 b) India's Submission to the CBD on Assessment of Funding Support for Biodiversity Conservation in India. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2014) India's Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. REFERENCES 67 68IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN REFERENCES The activities listed in the NBAP are ongoing, and are being undertaken under the ambit of existing schemes and programmes by the Central and State Governments, public and private sector as well as civil society organisations, securing full utilisation of available infrastructure and funds, with augmentation and further inputs, wherever required. In addition, sources of bilateral and multilateral funding are explored and availed of for implementing some of these activities, in accordance with the extant policies and regulations. Thus, the action points in the NBAP are to be the basis for seeking funds from domestic and external sources. In order to sharpen the inter-linkages between the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and India's NBAP, the plan schemes and programmes of the MoEF and those of other Ministries/Departments of the GoI have to be further aligned for their outcomes in terms of indicators provided by the Aichi Biodiversity Targets/NBTs in the coming years. Further, possibilities of leveraging substantial financial resources at the national level to implement India's NBAP in the light of SP 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets also needs to be explored. Towards this, an indicative list of Ministries/Departments has been prepared with respect to each NBTs (Table 4). Moreover, fulfilling the overall aim of the NBAP and progress towards achieving NBTs requires widespread public engagement and participation wherein opportunities are made available at the individual level that enable citizens to make long-term choices that support biodiversity and its conservation. This is because conservation of biodiversity has to be everyone's responsibility. While Governments have to play a crucial facilitative role, all citizens must work together and contribute to meet the challenge of halting the continuing decline in biodiversity. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 MoEF (1999) National Policy and Macrolevel Action Strategy on Biodiversity. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2008) National Biodiversity Action Plan. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2012 a) India's Action Plan for Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity's Programme of Work on Protected Areas. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2012 b) India's Submission to the CBD on Assessment of Funding Support for Biodiversity Conservation in India. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. MoEF (2014) India's Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" Target 1 By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably. Target 2 By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems. Target 3 By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts, and positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socio economic conditions. Target 4 By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. 69 70APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" The Vision The Mission "By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people." "Take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet's variety of life, and contributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication. To ensure this, pressures on biodiversity are reduced, ecosystems are restored, biological resources are sustainably used and benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources are shared in a fair and equitable manner; adequate financial resources are provided, capacities are enhanced, biodiversity issues and values mainstreamed, appropriate policies are effectively implemented and decision-making is based on sound science and the precautionary approach." Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use Target 5 By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced. Target 6 By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits. Target 7 By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 8 By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity. Target 9 By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. Target 10 By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning. Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity Target 11 By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" Target 1 By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably. Target 2 By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems. Target 3 By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts, and positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national socio economic conditions. Target 4 By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. 69 70APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" The Vision The Mission "By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people." "Take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet's variety of life, and contributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication. To ensure this, pressures on biodiversity are reduced, ecosystems are restored, biological resources are sustainably used and benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources are shared in a fair and equitable manner; adequate financial resources are provided, capacities are enhanced, biodiversity issues and values mainstreamed, appropriate policies are effectively implemented and decision-making is based on sound science and the precautionary approach." Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use Target 5 By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced. Target 6 By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits. Target 7 By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 8 By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity. Target 9 By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. Target 10 By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning. Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity Target 11 By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 71 72APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" Target 12 By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained. Target 13 By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity. Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Target 14 By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable. Target 15 By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification. Target 16 By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with national legislation. Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building Target 17 By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan. Target 18 By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels. Target 19 By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied. Target 20 By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, should increase substantially from the current levels. This target will be subject to changes contingent to resource needs assessments to be developed and reported by Parties. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 71 72APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" APPENDIX I. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY 2011-2020 AND THE AICHI TARGETS "LIVING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE" Target 12 By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained. Target 13 By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained, and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity. Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Target 14 By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable. Target 15 By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification. Target 16 By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with national legislation. Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building Target 17 By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan. Target 18 By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels. Target 19 By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied. Target 20 By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, should increase substantially from the current levels. This target will be subject to changes contingent to resource needs assessments to be developed and reported by Parties. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 APPENDIX II GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (GSPC): OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS Objective I: Plant diversity is well understood, documented and recognized Objective II: Plant diversity is urgently and effectively conserved Objective III: Plant diversity is used in a sustainable and equitable manner Target 1: An online Flora of all known plants Target 2: An assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation action Target 3: Information, research and associated outputs, and methods necessary to implement the Strategy developed and shared Target 4: At least 15 per cent of each ecological region or vegetation type secured through effective management and/or restoration Target 5: At least 75 per cent of the most important areas for plant diversity of each ecological region protected, with effective management in place for conserving plants and their genetic diversity Target 6: At least 75 per cent of production lands in each sector managed sustainably, consistent with the conservation of plant diversity Target 7: At least 75 per cent of known threatened plant species conserved in situ Target 8: At least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 per cent available for recovery and restoration programmes Target 9: 70 per cent of the genetic diversity of crops including their wild relatives and other socio economically valuable plant species conserved, while respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local Knowledge Target 10: Effective management plans in place to prevent new biological invasions and to manage important areas for plant diversity that are invaded Target 11: No species of wild flora endangered by international trade Target 12: All wild-harvested plant-based products sourced sustainably Target 13: Indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices associated with plant resources, maintained or increased, as appropriate, to support customary use, sustainable livelihoods, local food security and health care Objective IV: Education and awareness about plant diversity, its role in sustainable livelihoods and importance to all life on earth is promoted Objective V: The capacities and public engagement necessary to implement the Strategy have been developed Target 14: The importance of plant diversity and the need for its conservation incorporated into communication, education and public awareness programmes Target 15: The number of trained people working with appropriate facilities sufficient according to national needs, to achieve the targets of this Strategy Target 16: Institutions, networks and partnerships for plant conservation established or strengthened at national, regional and international levels to achieve the targets of this Strategy 73 74APPENDIX II GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (GSPC): OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS APPENDIX II GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (GSPC): OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 APPENDIX II GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (GSPC): OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS Objective I: Plant diversity is well understood, documented and recognized Objective II: Plant diversity is urgently and effectively conserved Objective III: Plant diversity is used in a sustainable and equitable manner Target 1: An online Flora of all known plants Target 2: An assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, as far as possible, to guide conservation action Target 3: Information, research and associated outputs, and methods necessary to implement the Strategy developed and shared Target 4: At least 15 per cent of each ecological region or vegetation type secured through effective management and/or restoration Target 5: At least 75 per cent of the most important areas for plant diversity of each ecological region protected, with effective management in place for conserving plants and their genetic diversity Target 6: At least 75 per cent of production lands in each sector managed sustainably, consistent with the conservation of plant diversity Target 7: At least 75 per cent of known threatened plant species conserved in situ Target 8: At least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 per cent available for recovery and restoration programmes Target 9: 70 per cent of the genetic diversity of crops including their wild relatives and other socio economically valuable plant species conserved, while respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local Knowledge Target 10: Effective management plans in place to prevent new biological invasions and to manage important areas for plant diversity that are invaded Target 11: No species of wild flora endangered by international trade Target 12: All wild-harvested plant-based products sourced sustainably Target 13: Indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices associated with plant resources, maintained or increased, as appropriate, to support customary use, sustainable livelihoods, local food security and health care Objective IV: Education and awareness about plant diversity, its role in sustainable livelihoods and importance to all life on earth is promoted Objective V: The capacities and public engagement necessary to implement the Strategy have been developed Target 14: The importance of plant diversity and the need for its conservation incorporated into communication, education and public awareness programmes Target 15: The number of trained people working with appropriate facilities sufficient according to national needs, to achieve the targets of this Strategy Target 16: Institutions, networks and partnerships for plant conservation established or strengthened at national, regional and international levels to achieve the targets of this Strategy 73 74APPENDIX II GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (GSPC): OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS APPENDIX II GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION (GSPC): OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN (NBAP) ADDENDUM 2014 TO NBAP 2008 75 75 X P R E S S IO N S : 9 2 1 9 5 5 2 5 6 3 D o c . N o . X P S 2 8 0 8 1 4 1 0 3 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India www.moef.nic.in The paper used in printing of this NBAP Addendum 2014 is chlorine free. We ensure that the pulp used in the manufacture of paper is derived from environmentally certified forest.