Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 BACKGROUND 3

1.2.1 International Policy Framework on Forest Plantations 3

1.2.2 National Legal and Policy Framework 5 1.2.3 Historical Perspectives – Forest Restoration in Ghana 9

1.2.3.1 Enrichment Planting 9

1.2.3.2 Forest Plantation Initiatives 9 1.2.4 National Forest Plantation Development Programme (NFPDP, 2002-2015) 11

1.2.4.1 The Modified Taungya System (MTS) 2002 - 2009 11

1.2.4.2 Community Forestry Management Project (CFMP): 2005 - 2009 11

1.2.4.3 Government Plantation Development Project (GPDP) 2004 - 2009 12

1.2.4.4 Private Commercial Plantation Developers On-Reserve: 2002 to Date 12

1.2.4.5 Public Private Partnership (PPP): 2013 to Date 12

1.2.4.6 Model Plantation component: 2007 - 2009 13

1.2.4.7 Expanded Plantation Program (EPP) 2010 - 2012 13 1.2.4.8 FC/Timber Industry Plantation Development Fund Plantations 2010 to Date 13 PART II – SWOT ANALYSIS, GOAL & STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 17

2.1 Swot Analysis 17

2.2 Risk Assessment And Mitigation Measures 20

2.3 Determination of Strategic Targets for Forest Plantation Development 20 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page x 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.3.1 Projected Demand for Forest Plantation Products 20 2.4 Classification of Forest Reserves in the High Forest Zone 24

2.5 Potential Areas For Plantation Expansion 25

2.6 Species Selection 27

2.7 Goal and Strategic Objectives 29

2.7.1 Goal 29

2.7.2 Strategic Objectives 29 PART III – IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 32

3.1 Strategic Objectives and Action Plans 32

3.1.1 Strategic Objective 1: Establishment and management of planted forests 32

3.1.2 Strategic Objective 2: Forest plantation investment promotion (establishment and management) 35

3.1.3 Strategic Objective 3: Employment creation and sustainable livelihoods 38

3.1.4 Strategic Objective 4: Investments in research and development, extension, training and capacity building for forest plantation development 43

3.1.4.1 Research 44

3.1.4.2 Capacity Building 45

3.1.4.3 Extension Services 46

3.1.5 Strategic Objective 5: Governance 48

3.1.5.1 Guiding Principles 48 3.1.5.2 Institutional Structures for the Strategy’s Implementation 49 PART IV – FINANCE 54

4.1 Budget and Funding Sources 54

4.2 Expected Yield and Income 56

4.3 Financial Appraisal 57 PART V – MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING 58

5.1 Monitoring & Evaluation 58

5.2 Indicators For Monitoring 58 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page xi 11 LIST OF TABLES

6.0 REFERENCES 61 GLOSSARY 62 APPENDICES 65 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: NFPDP components and funding sources 14 Table 2: Plantation Establishment Achievements under the NFPDP (2002-2015) 15 Table 3: SWOT Analysis – Forest Plantation Industry, Ghana 17 Table 4: Projected Planting Requirements for Identified Plantation End Uses 23 Table 5: Area of Forest Reserves in the High Forest Zone 24 Table 6: Summary of potential lands for forest plantation establishment 25 Table 7: Priority species for commercial forest plantations and trials 28 Table 8: Summary of potential jobs to be created from new plantations over the 25-year period 41 Table 9: Summary of potential jobs to be created from existing plantations (2002- 2015) of an estimated area of 190,000 ha over the 25-year period 42 Table 10: Summary of potential jobs to be created from enrichment planting over the 25-year period 42 Table 11: Roles of supporting institutions/stakeholders 50 Table 12: Budget Summary (2016 – 2040) 55 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map showing Potential Areas for Commercial Forest Plantation Development 26 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page xii 12 ACRONYMS ACRONYMS AAC - Annual Allowable Cut AfDB - African Development Bank ARLI - African Resilient Landscapes Initiative AGCL - Ashanti Goldfields Company Limited BAT - British-American Tobacco BPA - Bui Power Authority CBOs - Community Based Organizations CDM - Clean Development Mechanism CFMP - Community Forestry Management Project CFP - Commercial Forest Plantation COP - Conference of the Parties EDAIF - Export Development and Agricultural Investment Fund EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EPA - Environmental Protection Agency FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FC - Forestry Commission FCTC - Forestry Commission Training Centre FD - Forestry Department FDMP - Forestry Development Master Plan FPDF - Forest Plantation Development Fund FPDC - Forest Plantations Development Centre FORIG - Forestry Research Institute of Ghana FPRI - Forest Products Research Institute FSD - Forest Services Division FPDFMB - Forest Plantation Development Fund Management Board FSC - Forest Stewardship Council Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page xiii13 ACRONYMS FPTSC - Forest Plantation Technical Steering Committee GoG - Government of Ghana GPDP - Government Plantation Development Project GIPC - Ghana Investment Promotion Centre GNFS - Ghana National Fire Service GSGDA (II) - Ghana Shared Growth Development Agenda (Volume II) HFZ - High Forest Zone HIPC - Highly Indebted Poor Country IFM - Innovative Financing Mechanism INDC - Intended Nationally Determined Contribution IRR - Internal Rate of Return MAI - Mean Annual Increment MLNR - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources MoFA - Ministry of Food and Agriculture MoFEP - Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MoP - Manual of Procedure MTS - Modified Taungya System NDPC - National Development Planning Commission NFPDP - National Forest Plantation Development Programme NPV - Net Present Value NREG - Natural Resource and Environmental Governance NTFPs - Non-Timber Forest Products NRMP I - Natural Resource Management Programme, Phase I PES - Payment for Ecosystem Services PEFC - Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification RWE - Round Wood Equivalent REDD+ - Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SDGs - Sustainable Development Goals Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page xiv14 ACRONYMS SIPL - Subri Industrial Plantations Limited SZ - Savannah Zone TUC - Timber Utilization Contract ToF - Trees on Farms UENR - University of Energy and Natural Resources UN - United Nations UNCED - United Nations Conference on Environment and Development VRA - Volta River Authority WFC - World Forestry Congress Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page xv 15 Officials of Forestry Commission and FORMGhana Ghana undergoing Forest training in Plantation Strategy: best practice thinning operations 2016-2040 Page 16 PART ONE PART I – INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND

1.1 INTRODUCTION Forest plantations cover approximately 264 million hectares of the world’s land area. They account for 7% of global forest area or about 2% of global land area, but have the potential to provide two thirds of global industrial round wood demand. From 2005 to 2010, the area of forest plantations expanded each year by 5 million hectares on the average. This trend is expected to continue and possibly increase in the coming years (FAO, 2010). In Ghana, an extensive forest estate, consisting of 1.6 million hectares of forest reserves, was gazetted in the High Forest Zone (HFZ) in the 1920s (Oduro et al., 2012). At the time there were large areas of forests outside these gazetted forest reserves across the country. Over the period significant portions of these forests have been lost or degraded. The key underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation include population and economic growth and weak governance structures. High population and economic growth have led to high domestic wood consumption and high demand for timber to satisfy export markets. Additionally growing domestic and export demand for agricultural commodities such as cocoa, oil palm, cashew, and food crops has led to large scale conversion of forests to agricultural uses. The principal drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Ghana have been identified as follows: • Agricultural expansion (e.g. permanent cultivation, free range cattle ranching, shifting cultivation/traditional slash and burn); • Wildfires; • Logging and fuelwood harvesting; • Mining; and • Infrastructural development (roads, settlements and other infrastructural development). In line with Ghana’s Medium Term Development Plan - the Ghana Shared Growth Development Agenda (GSGDA II), the anticipated 40-year National Socio-economic Transformational Plan, the United Nations’ Universal Sustainable Development Goals, Ghana’s Nationally Determined Contributions to address Climate Change, the Paris Climate Change Agreement (2015) and consistent with Policy Objective 2 of the Ghana Forest and Wildlife Policy (2012), this Strategy outlines plans by the government, private sector and Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 1 rural communities to restore degraded landscapes through the development of commercial forest plantations, smallholder plantations, enrichment planting of degraded forests and to provide support for the incorporation of trees within farming systems. The Strategy identifies challenges to past efforts and consequently outlines the strategic direction, actions and resources required to promote the development of productive and sustainable forest plantations. It indicates the technical and financial resources required and performance measures necessary to track progress over the period (2016 to 2040). The proposed interventions are expected to support the development of a sustainable forest resource base that will satisfy future demand for industrial timber and enhance environmental quality. These interventions are expected to relieve the pressure on the existing natural forests, enhance connectivity between the agricultural and forest landscapes to promote biodiversity conservation, manage barriers to forest plantation investments, while providing optimum income generation opportunities for forest plantation owners, the timber industry, forest-fringe communities and the national economy. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 2

1.2 BACKGROUND

1.2.1 International Policy Framework on Forest Plantations United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and subsequent international fora, have recognized the significance of forest plantations in supporting sustainable forest management as reflected in the Forest Principles, Chapter 11 of Agenda 21 that states: “The role of planted forests and permanent agricultural crops as sustainable and environmentally sound sources of renewable energy and industrial raw material should be recognized, enhanced and promoted. Their contribution to the maintenance of ecological processes, to off-setting pressure on primary/ old growth forests, and to providing regional employment and development with the adequate involvement of local inhabitants should be recognized and enhanced.” Rio + 20 At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development organized in Rio de Janeiro from 20th – 22nd June, 2012 (Rio + 20), the world re-affirmed its commitment to among others, fully implement the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, the programme for further implementation of Agenda 21 and to support green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and pover- ty eradication. The Bonn Challenge In September 2011, world leaders met in Bonn, Germany to launch the largest global initiative on the restoration of degraded landscapes. It is an implementation platform for several global commitments and aims at the restoration of 150 million hectares of degraded forests and deforested lands by 2020. According to the Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration, the Bonn Challenge is leading to real progress on the ground and assessments of restoration opportunity are ongoing in numerous countries leading to restoration pledges being incorporated into national plans and strategies. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 3 The New York Declaration on Forests The New York Declaration on forests (NYD) is a voluntary and non-legally binding political declaration by both developed and developing nations to halve the rate of natural forest loss by 2020, and strive to end it by 2030. This declaration was made at the UN’s Climate Summit held in New York in 2014. The NYD calls for the restoration of at least 350 million hectares of degraded forests and cropland which will bring significant climate benefits and also take the pressure off the natural forests. (UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Following the expiration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015, member states of the UN, at the Sustainable Development Summit dubbed “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” on 25th September 2015, adopted 17 SDGs and 169 targets aimed at ending poverty, fighting inequality and injustice, and tackling climate change by 2030. Goal#15 looks broadly at the protection, restoration and promotion of sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainable management of forests, combating desertification, halting and reversal of land degradation and halting of biodiversity loss. Target #2 of Goal#15 advocates for the sustainable management of all types of forests and particularly supports substantial increase in afforestation and reforestation globally by year 2020. Goal#15a aims to: “Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems.” African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative - AFR100 This is a country-led effort to restore 100 Million ha of deforested and degraded lands in Africa by 2030. This initiative, launched formally on 6th December, 2015 at COP 21 in Paris, will support the Bonn Challenge, the New York Declaration on Forests, and the African Resilient Landscapes Initiative (ARLI) - an initiative to promote integrated landscape management with the goal of adapting to and mitigating climate change. Paris Climate Agreement On 12th December 2015, during COP 21, 195 UN member countries adopted the first-ever, universal, legally binding, global Climate Agreement, requiring member states to embark on ambitious pathways towards a clean economy Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 4 and avert the undesirable effects of climate change. Forest Certification There are greater market access opportunities for products from forest plantations that are certified for compliance with social, economic and environmental standards. In addition, there is an international market for young established forest plantations as going concerns if they are certified. One of the recent emerging prospects is the forest related carbon finance and its synergies with forest certification. It is expected that a new carbon element will be included in the scope of forest certification guidelines in the future that may open up opportunities for financing forest management operations. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) The FLEGT initiative spearheaded by the EU Action plan works through Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPA). Ghana ratified the VPA with the EU in 2009 with common commitment to the sustainable management of all types of forest, to provide a legal framework aimed at ensuring that all timber product imports into the EU Community from Ghana covered by this Agreement have been legally produced and in doing so to promote trade in timber products. These partnerships will also facilitate third party certification processes. The Parties further agreed that in order to address the root causes and drivers of illegal logging, supplemental measures are required to strengthen sector governance and the legal framework. Particularly with regard to tackling the challenges of growing domestic timber demand, Ghana shall endeavor to undertake measures such as plantation development, which in addition to expanding domestic wood supply will create opportunities for CDM and REDD+ initiatives.

1.2.2 National Legal and Policy Framework The Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA) Vol.II, recognizes the need to reverse forest degradation and restore degraded landscapes through sustainable land management and intensification of the National Forest Plantation Development Programme (NDPC, 2015). As a result of the importance the Government of Ghana (GoG) attaches to forest plantation development, a number of strategies, policies and legislations have been introduced, in addition to funding a number of studies and projects since the mid -1990s, to provide direction and impetus for the development of Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 5 forest plantations in Ghana. These include the following: Policies and Legislations I. Control and Prevention of Bushfires Act, 1990 (PNDC Law 229). (An ACT to prohibit the starting of bushfires and to provide for related matters. It repealed the Bush Fire Law, 1983 (P.N.D.C.L. 46). II. Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act, 1994 (Act 478). (An ACT to encourage, promote and facilitate investments into the country. It’s also to initiate and support measures that will enhance the investment climate in Ghana). III. Ghana Investment Promotion Centre Act, 2013 (Act 865). IV. National Land Policy, 1999. (Provides the framework and direction for dealing with land ownership, security of tenure, land use and development, and environmental conservation on a sustainable basis). V. Forest Plantation Development Fund (FPDF) Act, 2000 (Act 583). (Provides financial assistance for the development of forest plantations; provides funds for research and technical advice). VI. Forest Plantation Development Fund (Amendment) Act, 2002 (Act 623). (Sections (iii), (iv) and (v) support public and private investment in forest plantation development). VII. Forest Protection (Amendment) Act, 2002 (Act 624). (An ACT to amend the Forest Protection Decree 1974 (NRCD 243) to provide for higher penalties for offences therein and to provide for related purposes). Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 6 VIII. The Timber Resources Management (Amendment) Act, 2002 (Act 617). (Excludes private forest plantations from being allocated by government under a Timber Utilization Contract (TUC), in addition to the provision of fiscal and other incentives and benefits to investors in the forestry sector). IX. Internal Revenue Act, 2000 (Act 592) and its Amendments. (Provides tax rebates, capital allowances, and such other benefits to investors). X. National Wildfire Management Policy, 2006. (Promotes effective and efficient management of wildfires for the sustainable management of natural resources and maintenance of environmental quality to improve on the socio-economic well-being of the citizenry). XI. Ghana Forest and Wildlife Policy, 2012 (Policy Objective 2: advocates the development and implementation of a National Forest Plantation Strategy, with realistic annual targets based on best practices and updated forest plantation information for both the savannah and forest areas). XII. National Climate Change Policy, 2012 (CDM, REDD+) (Provides a clearly defined strategic direction for dealing with the challenges of climate change within the current socio- economic context of Ghana, presenting the opportunities and benefits of a green economy). Plans/Strategies/Projects XIII. Forestry Development Master Plan (1996 – 2020). XIV. Ghana: Biodiversity Conservation Strategy. MEST, 1998. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 7 XV. Natural Resource Management Programme (NRMP I) Phase I, the World Bank, 1999–2003.The High Forest Development Component inter alia established a Forest Plantations Development Centre (FPDC) to promote and encourage private forest plantation development. XVI. Strategic National Energy Plan (2006 – 2020) (Energy Commission, 2006). XVII. Mapping Forest Landscape Restoration Potential in Ghana (IUCN, 2013). XVIII. Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA) II, Costing Framework (2014 – 2017). XIX. Ghana’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (GH-INDC) to address Climate Change, 2015. XX. Ghana REDD+ Strategy, 2016. Studies XXI. Private Sector Forestry Plantations Development Project. Preparation Report. FAO Investment Centre, 1998. XXII. Forest Plantations Support Project. Feasibility Study. Pat Hardcastle, OFI, 1998. XXIII. Plantations Investment Feasibility and Promotion Study: Final Plantations Donor Proposal – Consultancy under the NRMP (Coillte, 2002). Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 8

1.2.3 Historical Perspectives – Forest Restoration in Ghana

1.2.3.1 Enrichment Planting Attempts at increasing the stocking of high value timber species within forest reserves in Ghana dates back to 1946. Such efforts included enrichment plantings to improve the stocking of the poorly stocked Wet Evergreen forest reserves as well as to sustain the supply of the then “desirable” species, Khaya, Entandrophragma, Lovoa and Heritiera. After planting an area of about 2,500 ha, the programme was discontinued. (Nolan & Ghartey, 1992). The success of the intervention was limited largely due to inadequate budgetary allocation and knowledge of the silvicultural requirements of the planted tree species.

1.2.3.2 Forest Plantation Initiatives (a) Past Species Trials The interest in tree planting in Ghana dates back to the 1920s. The general policy at the time was to plant mainly indigenous species in the High Forest Zone (HFZ). The few exotic species that were planted in the HFZ were introduced mainly for fuelwood near large population centres and to fuel boilers for electricity generation or for mining use. The exotic species included Eucalyptus torelliana and Eucalyptus tereticornis (FAO, 2002). In the Savannah Zone (SZ) and Dry Semi-Deciduous Forest Zone (DFSZ) however, a large number of exotic species were tried from 1951 to supply timber, poles and fuelwood. Species that showed promise included Azadirachta indica, Senna siamea, Cedrela mexicana, Dalbergia sissoo, Gmelina arborea, and Tectona grandis. Between 1927 and 1990, over 150 tree species were assessed in research trials in various ecological zones in the country. Out of these, about 30 species (20%) are indigenous (Foli et al., 1997). (b) Public Forest Plantations A major forest plantation development effort under the erstwhile Forestry Department (FD), now the Forest Services Division (FSD) of the Forestry Com- mission, was undertaken from 1963 to 1987 mostly in the degraded parts of the forest reserves due to easy access to land in these areas. They were undertaken mainly through the Taungya system. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 9 Existing government forest plantations established prior to the implementation of the National Forest Plantations Development Programme in 2002 cover an area of 19,378.26 ha in the High Forest Zone. Over 70% of these plantations consist of Tectona grandis (Teak). Other species established include Cedrela odorata (Cedrela), Terminalia spp. (Ofram and Emire), Gmelina arborea (Gmelina), Senna siamea (Cassia), Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus), Heritiera utilis (Nyankom), Aucoumea klaineana (Aucoumea), Nauclea diderrichii (Kusia), Khaya ivorensis (Mahogany), Triplochiton scleroxylon (Wawa) and Mansonia altissima (Oprono). Forest plantations in Northern Ghana (Upper East, Upper West and Northern Regions) are estimated to cover 2,553 ha and were primarily established for fuel wood production and environmental protection. Tree species planted include Teak, Gmelina, Anogeissus and Eucalyptus. (c) Private Sector Efforts Forest plantations developed by the private sector prior to the year 2002, cover an estimated area of 44,198 ha (FAO, 2002) and are made up of: • 35,000 ha by individuals and tree grower associations (mainly teak); • 4,000 ha of Gmelina arborea by Subri Industrial Plantations Limited (SIPL); and • 5,178 ha of teak by British-American Tobacco (3,096 ha), Ashanti Goldfields Company Ltd. (100 ha), Global Green (1,315 ha) and Dupaul Wood Treatment Limited (667 ha). (d) Past Experiences with Forest Plantation Management The management of forest plantations in the past has not always been consistent with best practice. Proper site-species matching was not observed in some cases, and planting material of unknown provenances were used in many cases (FAO, 2002). The provision of extension services to the private sector was minimal and limited to only a few areas. Funding of public plantations has been very erratic and inadequate. Tending of established plantations was therefore undertaken based on the availability of funds. Thinning was generally delayed until commercial tree sizes were attained. Fire outbreaks are recurrent especially in forest plantations in the Savannah and Dry Semi-Deciduous Forest Zones due to budgetary constraints and ineffective fire management regimes. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 10

1.2.4 National Forest Plantation Development Programme (NFPDP, 2002-2015) The National Forest Plantation Development Programme (NFPDP) was launched in September 2001, to accelerate the rate of establishment of forest plantations. Key objectives of the programme comprised the following: restoring the forest cover of degraded forest lands; generating employment as a means to reducing rural poverty; addressing the future wood deficit situation and enhancing food production through the adoption of the Modified Taungya System. Field implementation however, commenced in 2002. The following paragraphs provide a brief description of each of the components:

1.2.4.1 The Modified Taungya System (MTS) 2002 - 2009 The MTS involved the establishment of forest plantations by the Forestry Commission (FC) in partnership with farmers in forest fringe communities. The FC provided technical direction, surveyed and demarcated degraded forest reserve lands and supplied pegs and seedlings while the farmers provided all the labour inputs in the form of site preparation, pegging, planting, tending and fire protection. The farmers were permitted to cultivate their food crops which were inter- planted with the tree crops on the same piece of land. The farmers, in addition to the food crops they harvested, have a 40% share in the Standing Tree Value (STV) of the planted trees. The Government has a 40% share while the landowner and community will have a 15% and 5% share respectively. It is envisaged that the MTS will be re-introduced during the Strategy period and it is expected to play a key role in achieving set targets.

1.2.4.2 Community Forestry Management Project (CFMP): 2005 - 2009 The Community Forestry Management Project (CFMP) was funded with a loan from the African Development Bank (AfDB) and adopted the MTS model for the establishment of forest plantations. It was implemented within degraded forest reserves in the Brong Ahafo (Sunyani Forest District), Ashanti (Offinso Forest District) and Eastern Regions (Begoro and Akim Oda Forest Districts). Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 11

1.2.4.3 Government Plantation Development Project (GPDP) 2004 - 2009 The Government Plantations Development Project (GPDP) utilized hired labour and contract supervisors to establish forest plantations. Plantation workers were hired and paid a monthly allowance to establish and maintain the plantations while plantation supervisors were engaged on contract basis to supervise and offer technical direction at the site level. The FC exercised general oversight and monitored field activities to ensure compliance with quality standards for plantation establishment. This Strategy was funded through the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) benefits. Under the scheme, plantations developed are owned by government and the respective landowners who are entitled to royalty payments.

1.2.4.4 Private Commercial Plantation Developers On-Reserve: 2002 to Date The Private Commercial Plantation Developers On-reserve component involves the release of degraded forest reserve lands by the FC to private entities after vetting and endorsing their reforestation/business plans; and signing of Land Lease/Benefit Sharing Agreements (LL/BSAs). The private investor earns 90% of the total proceeds from the plantation while the FC, Landowner and Community earn 2%, 6% and 2% respectively. The investor additionally pays ground rent of the Ghana Cedi equivalent of $2/ha/year throughout the life of the investment.

1.2.4.5 Public Private Partnership (PPP): 2013 to Date This arrangement is similar to the Private Developers on-reserve but with the FC taking up costs of survey and demarcation, registration of agreements and fire education within fringe communities, in addition to jointly developing project documents and assisting in fire suppression as part of its contribution to the project. Within the partnership, the investor is entitled to 80% of the plantation proceeds and benefits with the Forestry Commission, Landowners and Forest fringe communities entitled to the remaining 20%. The investor also pays ground rent of the Ghana Cedi equivalent of $2/ha/year to the land- owner together with a facilitation fee of $2/ha/year for the customary and conflict resolution role expected of the traditional authorities. A 50-year land lease together with a benefit-sharing agreement are executed and registered at the Lands Commission. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 12

1.2.4.6 Model Plantation component: 2007 - 2009 In 2007 the Model Plantation component, a purely research based scheme was introduced to offer the FSD plantation managers the opportunity to un- dertake mixed species trials and experiment with various planting designs and tree spacing. Tree spacing so far tried include 3m x 3m, 3m x 2m and 2.5m x 2.5m. Mixed exotic-indigenous species planting designs implemented include MS 3-12, MS 4-8, and MS 3-6-12.

1.2.4.7 Expanded Plantation Program (EPP) 2010 - 2012 Under the EPP, forest plantations were established on private lands located outside forest reserves in addition to degraded forest reserve lands. The EPP ensured that most of the Metropolitan/Municipal/District Assemblies without degraded forest reserves also benefited from the job opportunities being created through the NFPDP. Private companies were contracted to undertake the establishment and main- tenance of plantations and the supply of tree seedlings. Messrs. Zoil Services Ltd. and Ecotech Services Ltd. undertook the establishment and maintenance whilst Messrs. African Foresters Brigade Ltd. supplied the tree seedlings. The Forestry Commission played a monitoring and reporting role under this pro- gram. After the expiration of the contracts in 2013, the successfully estab- lished plantations were handed over to the Forestry Commission. The on-reserve plantations are owned by government and the respective land- owners who are entitled to royalty payments. Government is currently nego- tiating the benefit sharing arrangements with private landowners off-reserve since the original benefit sharing proposal (GoG - 66.67% and Landowner - 33.33%) was not accepted.

1.2.4.8 FC/Timber Industry Plantation Development Fund Plantations 2010 to Date The Forestry Commission – Timber Industry Plantation Development Fund Committee (FC/Timber Industry Fund Committee) contracted the Forestry Re- search Institute of Ghana (FORIG) to establish Best Practice commercial forest plantations of fast growing indigenous and exotic timber species with funding from the FC/Timber Industry Fund for the Government of Ghana. In addition, FORIG has been contracted to carry out Paulownia species trials. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 13 FORIG has accordingly been establishing forest plantations on behalf of the FC/Timber Industry Fund Committee since 2010. These plantations have been established in the Eastern and Ashanti Regions, within selected degraded forest reserves. Components of the programme and funding sources are tabulated in Table 1: Table 1: NFPDP components and funding sources PROGRAMME COMPONENT FUNDING SOURCES Modified Taungya System (MTS) Forest Plantations Development Fund Management Board (FPDFMB), FC, GoG Community Forestry Management Project AfDB / GoG (CFMP) Government Plantation Development Project GoG (HIPC) (GPDP) Private Commercial Plantation Development Private Funds, FPDFMB Public – Private Partnership (PPP) Private Funds, FC Model Plantations GoG / NREG Expanded Plantation Program GoG, EDAIF, FPDFMB, FC FC / Timber Industry Plantations Timber Export Levy Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 14 An estimated 190,449 ha of forest plantations has been established nationwide under the NFPDP by both public and private sector, mainly within degraded forest reserves from 2002 to 2015 as summarized in Table 2 and with details in Appendix 1. Table 2: Plantation Establishment Achievements under the NFPDP (2002-2015) YEAR PUBLIC SECTOR (ha) PRIVATE SECTOR (ha) TOTAL(ha) 2002 17,341.00 1,609.00 18,950.00 2003 17,541.00 1,609.00 19,150.00 2004 21,599.84 1,609.00 23,208.84 2005 13,582.93 1,609.00 15,191.93 2006 14,407.50 1,609.00 16,016.50 2007 14,468.32 1,613.00 16,081.32 2008 5,007.67 5,986.65 10,994.32 2009 7,763.14 3,894.35 11,657.49 2010 14,115.66 4,612.84 18,728.50 2011 6,990.48 4,439.88 11,430.36 2012 5,949.64 3,549.89 9,499.53 2013 3,038.35 4,309.51 7,347.86 2014 487.56 7,795.51 8,283.07 2015 108.00 3,802.20 3,910.20 TOTAL 142,401.09 48,048.83 190,449.92 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 15 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Forestry Commission officials, a Private Investor and aPage Community 16 Leader undertaking a reconnaisance survey in the degraded Tain II Tributaries Forest Reserve, Sunyani Forest District, Brong Ahafo Region. PART TWO PART II – SWOT ANALYSIS, GOAL & STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS The Strategic Planning methodology used was built around the SWOT Strategic Planning Framework. This methodology ensured that relevant issues relating to the forest plantation industry were examined. Contextual analysis identified a number of critical challenges that define the framework of Ghana’s Forest Plantation Strategy. An analysis of the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and potential threats confronting the forest plantation industry in Ghana is summarized in Table 3. Table 3: SWOT Analysis – Forest Plantation Industry, Ghana STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES • Availability of labour. • Gaps in key data (i.e. growth rates of key plantation spp. and expected • Availability of skill mix within the FC. returns, site class delineation, extent of private sector plantations, etc.). • Experience in implementing various silvicultural and management models • Inadequate plantation infrastructure. of plantation establishment. • Inadequate knowledge of best management practices for key indigenous species and mixtures. • Low productivity of existing plantations (site selection, quality of planting materials and silvicultural treatments). • Poor tradition of maintenance of established plantations leading to poor wood quality and low yields. • Lack of genetically improved planting material within the country. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 17 STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES • Favourable policy framework for • Low application of Geo-Information plantation development. Technology in monitoring resource development. • Good international investor experiences. • Low capacity of timber processing industry in the utilization of small- • Availability of lands with suitable diameter plantation logs. soils and climatic conditions for plantation development. • Inadequate extension services. • Political and economic stability. • Lack of sustainable financing framework for plantation development. • Existing bureaucracy within FC slows down decision making. • Over-centralized FC operational / management systems. • Weak enforcement of performance standards. • Lengthy land acquisition processes. • Absence of a PES scheme. • Weak legal and institutional frame- work for plantation development. • Lack of a unified legal framework for regulating plantation development, benefits sharing, financing etc. • Plantation development has not gone hand-in-hand with industry retooling. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 18 OPPORTUNITIES THREATS • Lack of investment in research and • Availability of genetically improved development. planting material of high-value exotic timber species in other countries. • Low stumpage prices of naturally grown timber. • Knowledge in best practice in plantation management exists and • Multiplicity of interest and rights in can be acquired. land ownership off-reserve. • Strong political will to create jobs • Lack of sustainable financing. through plantation development. • High cost of capital and unwillingness • Community enthusiasm. to extend long term credits for Forest • Increasing demand for industrial Plantation Development. timber and other wood products. • Illegal farming within forest reserves. • Increasing demand from niche markets for certified (legally sourced, sustainably • Free-range cattle grazing (Activities managed forest plantations) wood of nomadic herdsmen). products. • Destruction of forest plantation by wildfires. • Carbon market and payment for environmental services. • Pests and diseases. • Over 60% of our population are • Illegal Mining activities farmers and offers opportunities for (i.e. Galamsey1, sand winning). agro-forestry. • Illegal logging (including chainsaw • Plantation development generates lumbering, pilfering etc.). jobs, income and wealth for local communities. • Illegal charcoal production. • Availability of competitive credit rates • Climate change (i.e. unpredictable on the international markets arising from weather resulting in floods, the global financial crises. prolonged droughts etc.). • General consensus for the • Poor market development and promulgation of a new law (Forest linkages to markets. Plantation Act) that provides the • Undeveloped domestic market. requisite legal framework for forest plantation development including • Increasing and unregulated use of incentives and other benefits herbicides. to investors. • Plantation development has not gone hand-in-hand with industry retooling. 1 Artinasal Mining Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 19

2.2 Risk Assessment And Mitigation Measures Based on the SWOT Analysis, key risk factors to plantation investments have been identified and analyzed. In addition, a menu of mitigation measures have been proposed to address these risks depending on prevailing circum- stances and available capacity (Appendix 2).

2.3 Determination of Strategic Targets for Forest Plantation Development

2.3.1 Projected Demand for Forest Plantation Products The Timber Industry The timber industry currently relies mainly on a dwindling supply of large hardwood logs from the natural forest which can only sustain an annual al- lowable cut (AAC) of 1 million cubic meters (AAC administratively reviewed upward to 2 million cubic meters since 2003) compared to the industry in- stalled capacity of about 2 million cubic meters (from 3.7 million cubic meters in 1996). Historically, the timber industry in Ghana has been involved in mainly primary and secondary processing of large diameter logs using band saws, rip saws and frame saws. However, due to the dwindling supply of such large diameter logs from the natural forest, a significant number of these mills have folded up and the supply of logs in the long term from short rotation timber plantations will necessitate retooling as most of the timber processing mills in Ghana are not equipped to process small-diameter plantation logs. In order to compete effectively in both local and international markets, there is an unquestionable need for the industry to adopt more modern technological competencies to move into value added processing. A viable value added strategy for the timber industry should combine market intelligence, clearly defined market targets, product development and the application of appropriate technology to produce products that meet key market criteria – quality, specifications, price, assured supply and packaging (TIDD, 2011). Woodfuel It is estimated that about 85% of the population, mainly in the rural areas, depend on woodfuel (charcoal, firewood etc.) for cooking. It is sourced mainly from the natural forest/savannah. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 20 The annual per capita woodfuel consumption is estimated to be about 1.0m3 round wood equivalent (RWE) in the year 2010 (FAO, 2010). Since then there has been significant economic improvement with the attainment of lower middle income status. This has contributed to large sections of the population switching to more advanced forms of energy other than woodfuels. It is therefore expected that 6 years since the survey, the per capita woodfuel consumption will be much less. According to the 2010 population and housing census, 49.1% (approximately 50%) of Ghana’s population live in rural areas with an equal number in the urban areas. The national average household size was reported to be 4.4 persons. The population growth rate is estimated at 2.5%, therefore the estimated current population stands at 28.6 million. To estimate the current annual consumption of woodfuels the following assumptions were made: • The rural population is 50% of the total national figure (approximately 14.3 million) and consume 1.0m3/capita (4.4m3 per household/year) of woodfuel; and • The urban population (including rich, middle class and poor) constitute 50% of the national population. They use a mix of fuels including gas, kerosene and electricity with a woodfuel consumption of 0.25m3/capita (1.1m3 per household/year). Based on the above, the national annual consumption of woodfuel is estimated at 17.9 million m3 (RWE). Poles Historically, thinnings from the FC Teak plantations have been the main source of raw material for the wood pole treatment plants in Ghana. However, over the past 10 years majority of the supplies have come from smallholder private teak plantations. The current demand, however, exceeds the supply and some of the pole treatment plants in the country have been importing softwood poles to supplement the local supplies. It is estimated that about 100,000 wooden poles per year would be required for the national electrification programme for the next 30 years (Odoom, 1998). We project that this demand will remain constant throughout the Strategy period, therefore using an average pole volume of 0.2m3, this will amount to 20,000m3 per year. The projected demand will be met mainly through commercial thinnings from Teak and Eucalyptus timber plantations. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 21 Bamboo and Rattan Bamboo and Rattan resources in Ghana constitute the two largest non-timber forest products that have been identified to be suitable substitutes to timber. Currently, rattan is extensively used in the furniture and handicraft industry while bamboo is mainly used for construction. The rattan processing industry is a source of livelihood for a significant number of artisans. However, the industry is threatened by decline in stock and availability of rattan. It is projected that 50,000 ha of bamboo and rattan plantations would be required to augment the supplies from natural stands over the next 25 years (Table 4). Environmental Uses A total area of 1,480 ha will be planted annually for environmental purposes. This is equivalent to 10% of the annual planting target for the timber industry requirements of 14,800 ha (domestic and export). This is expected to be composed of watershed plantings, green firebreaks, slope stabilization plantings, rehabilitation of mined sites, restoration of mangroves, biodiversity offsets etc. Restoration of mangroves is particularly considered due to the important role they play in the ecosystem and livelihood of coastal communities. Mangroves, as good nursery grounds, provide a safe hiding place for fingerlings, shrimps, crabs and many important young sea animals to grow, away from many predators. Additionally, the application of best practice principles in the development of forest plantations will contribute significantly to enhance environmental conditions. Appropriate stream and riverine buffers will be enforced and restored and remnant healthy indigenous trees will be left as standards within forest plantations. Minimum standards (percentage) for planting of indigenous tree species will be enforced and fire management plans will be implemented to curb the annual destruction of forests and habitats. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 22 Table 4: Projected Planting Requirements for Identified Plantation End Uses Est. Annual Supply From Balance Total Plan- Annual Planting End-Use Demand Existing (to be met tation Area rate Forests from Req’d4 (Rotation = 25 years) (m3 RWE) (m3 RWE) Plantations) (ha) (m3 RWE) (ha) Timber Industry 2,000,000 800,000 1,200,000 120,000 4,800 (mostly export + some local)1 Domestic Timber 2,500,0002 0 2,500,000 250,000 10,000 Market (mostly chainsawn lumber) Page 23 Energy (Wood Fuel 17,875,000 15,355,0003 2,520,000 168,000 6,720 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 / Biomass) Bamboo & Rattan 50,000 2,000 Environmental uses (watersheds, rehabilita- tion of degraded mined 37,000 1,480 sites, green firebreaks, biodiversity offsets, resto- ration of mangroves etc.) Total 22,375,000 16,155,000 6,220,000 625,000 25,000 1 Sawmill, bush mill, veneer & plymill, excluding chainsaw 2Marfo 2010 386% assumed from natural forests/savannah woodlands (includes logging and sawmill waste) 4MAIs (m3/ha/yr): 15 for energy plantations; 10 for timber plantations

2.4 Classification of Forest Reserves in the High Forest Zone The forest reserves in the high forest zone were classified according to the status of the growing stock through the 1986-94 forest inventory (Table 5). Table 5 indicates that approximately 32% of the area within forest reserves were degraded and needed both rehabilitation (122,000 ha) and reforestation (conversion of 397,000 ha to forest plantations) to enhance their productive capacity (FDMP, 1996). Table 5: Area of Forest Reserves in the High Forest Zone Forest Management Area (Ha) Percentage(%) Category Timber Production Area 762,400 47.0 Permanent Protection Area 352,500 22.0 Convalescence Area 122,000 7.0 Conversion Area 397,000 24.0 Total Reserve Area 1,633,900 100.0 Since the last forest inventory that ended in 1994, significant decline has been experienced in forest condition. Significant portions of the Timber Production Areas have further degraded and converted to Convalescence Areas, while some Convalescence Areas have further degraded and currently been converted to plantations (Conversion Areas). Large portions of the Conversion Area have been converted to forest plantations by government and the private sector. Enrichment planting interventions will focus on Convalescence Areas and understocked Timber Production Areas. Since 2011, the FSD has piloted enrichment planting covering an estimated area of 850 ha in 5 Forest Districts in the High Forest Zone. The knowledge and experience acquired during the pilot phase will be applied to targeted enrichment planting areas. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 24

2.5 Potential Areas For Plantation Expansion A review (February - March, 2012) by the FSD of potential areas suitable for plantation development within forest reserves in the high forest zone indicated an estimated total area of 175,000 ha. An estimated 300,000 ha of potential sites, representing 70% of total forest reserve area in the Northern Savannah, was projected. In addition, under the Forest Preservation Programme (Pasco, 2013), an estimated total area of 5.2 million hectares of cropland (both cropped and farm fallows) and 8.2 million hectares of grassland (including shrublands) were identified off-reserve, as at 2010. It is anticipated that these off-reserve shrublands and farm fallows will constitute potential lands suitable for plantation development nation-wide. It is projected that 75% of the cropland area (i.e. approximately 4 million ha) across the high forest, transition and Savannah zones will be targeted for trees-on-farms/farm boundary planting/climate smart agriculture by 2040. The expectation is that about 20% of the fallow and shrubland area (i.e. 2.68 million ha) could be sourced for forest plantation development. A summary of potential sites (on and off-reserve) for forest plantation expansion is presented in Table 6. Table 6: Summary of potential lands for forest plantation establishment Location Area (ha) On-reserve (High-forest Zone) 135,000 On-reserve (Savannah) 283,000 Off-reserve 2,680,000 Total Reserve Area 3,098,000 Figure 1 highlights the potential of various parts of the country for commercial forest plantation expansion. Extensive surveys (ground-based and remote sensing), data collection, and consultation with land owners and other key stakeholders would be undertaken to confirm status, suitability and availability of these potential areas both on and off-reserve. However, the green and pink portions on the map indicate areas within the country where the planned targets under the Strategy are expected to be concentrated. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 25 Figure 1: Map showing Potential Areas for Commercial Forest Plantation Development Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 26

2.6 Species Selection Species selected for promotion under commercial forest plantation were based on the following factors: i. Past local forest plantation experiences and knowledge about the silvicultural characteristics of the species; ii. Timber industry preference and market trends; and iii. End use of the forest plantation products. The recommended species for planting in the various vegetation zones of Ghana, in addition to timber production, include tree species targeted at renewable energy, pulp and paper and environmental services as shown in Appendix 3. The choice of planting stock must however be based on suitability to the site conditions and management objectives. Eighteen (18) tree species will be prioritized under the Strategy while 7 others will be planted under various plantation trials (Table 7). Apart from planting the indigenous tree species within commercial forest plantations, they will also be incorporated within farming systems, especially Emire, Ofram and Mahogany. Enrichment planting would be undertaken using solely indigenous tree species. It is expected that the exotic species will be primarily planted in commercial forest plantations. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 27 Table 7: Priority species for commercial forest plantations and trials Usage Priority Species Timber Emire, Ofram, Wawa, Kusia, Ceiba, African Mahogany, Nyankom, Indigenous Mansonia Exotic Teak, Cedrela, Eucalyptus spp. (including hybrids), Bamboo, Gmelina, Pinus spp. (including hybrids) Energy Page 28 Exotic Cassia, Eucalyptus, Neem, Acacia, Bamboo Species Trial Swietenia macrophylla (Mahogany), Aucoumea klaineana (Au- Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 coumea), Shorea spp. (Light and Dark Red Meranti), Dalbergia sisso, Dalbergia retusa (Rosewood), Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang), Pterocarpus erinaceous (African Rosewood), Paulownia spp., Rattan ((Eremospatha spp. (Mfea), Laccosperma spp. (Eyie), Calamus spp. (Demere)), Rhizophora spp. (Red mangrove), Avicennia germinans, (Black mangrove), Laguncularia racemosa (White mangrove)

2.7 Goal And Strategic Objectives

2.7.1 Goal The goal of this Strategy is to achieve sustainable supply of planted forest goods and services to deliver a range of economic, social and environmental benefits.

2.7.2 Strategic Objectives Five strategic objectives crucial for success will be the focus of the Strategy. They form the key levers for change and proposed actions must reflect them. The under-listed strategic objectives will be pursued to achieve the goal: Strategic Objective 1: To provide a sustainable supply of timber and non-timber forest products, and environmental services through the: (a) establishment and management of 625,000 ha of forest plantations and enrichment planting of 100,000 ha through the application of best practice principles, by year 2040; (b) provision of support for the incorporation of trees-on-farms within 3.75 million hectares of agricultural landscapes, by year 2040; and (c) maintenance and rehabilitation of an estimated 235,000 ha of existing forest plantations through the application of best practice principles. Strategic Objective 2: To promote investments in the establishment and management of small, medium and large scale forest plantations. Strategic Objective 3: To create employment opportunities and sustainable livelihoods in rural communities through forest plantation development. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 29 Strategic Objective 4: To increase investments in research and development, extension, training and capacity building for forest plantation development, timber utilization and marketing. Strategic Objective 5: To improve governance in the regulation and management of forest plantations. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 30 14-year old mixed indigenous species timber plantation established by Ayum Forest Products Limited, in the Amama Forest Reserve, Sunyani Forest District, Brong-Ahafo Region Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 31 PART THREE PART III – IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

3.1 Strategic Objectives And Action Plans A discussion of the strategic objectives and the related action plans are given below:

3.1.1 Strategic Objective 1: Establishment and management of planted forests Forest plantations are long-term investments that are expected to yield returns greater than or equal to returns on land under alternative uses (e.g. oil palm, cocoa, citrus, etc.). Plantation development requires accessibility to land without disputes and the application of best practice to attain high growth rates for the selected species. The application of best practice principles will ensure the maintenance of a balance of environmental, social and economic considerations and the minimization of economic and ecological risks (pests, diseases, forest fires etc.). Enrichment Planting This is a forest restoration intervention aimed at enhancing the commercial productivity and functionality of a degraded forest. It is undertaken where there are insufficient numbers of economically valuable trees in the natural stand. It accelerates the recovery of degraded forest with respect to its stocking, functions and resilience. Under this Strategy, convalescence areas within forest reserves would be targeted. Trees-on-Farms The purpose of the Trees-on-Farms (ToF) intervention is to optimize the productivity and sustainability of smallholder farming systems by developing appropriate technologies that involve trees. It enhances connectivity between the agricultural and forest landscapes and improves biodiversity conservation. This intervention will provide technical support in the protection of agro- forestry systems from pests and diseases that affect the tree component and facilitate uptake of Conservation Agriculture (Climate Smart Agriculture) by smallholder farmers. An estimated 5 million seedlings of suitable tree species will be provided annually to farmers for incorporation into their farming systems and boundary planting, to provide environmental benefits and Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 32 additional income from improved land productivity and tree products in the medium to long term. It will also afford them opportunities to access emerging markets in which conservation agricultural products attract price premium. Key actions to be implemented under this component (Strategic Objective 1) include the following: • Create land banks for forest plantation development on and off-reserve; • Promote integration of trees into farming systems; • Promote the development of NTFPs (i.e. spices, rattan, essential oils, apiculture etc.) within forest plantations to provide additional short-term income; • Procure improved seeds of selected exotic and indigenous tree species; • Establish seed orchards (clonal and seedling) of improved cultivars of selected exotic and native timber tree species (1,000 ha); • Maintain and tend seed orchards (existing and new)/Seed Production Areas; • Develop protocols for mass production of selected genetically improved planting material; • Establish and operate a Biotechnology (Tissue Culture etc) Laboratory and other facilities (Vegetative Propagation Centre); • Establish and operate at least three (3) State-of-the-Art central tree nurseries - 6 million seedlings capacity/year; • Review and consolidate existing forest plantation Manuals of Procedure (MoPs; A, B and C) and publish document; • Develop and publish MoP for Enrichment Planting; Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 33 • Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire management; • Certification/licensing of forest plantation contractors and forest tree nurseries; • Facilitate forest plantations management and chain of custody certification (FSC, PEFC, etc); • Undertake and maintain 100,000 ha of enrichment planting sites within under-stocked/convalescence forest reserves; • Establish and maintain 168,000 ha of energy (fuelwood/biomass) plantations; • Establish and maintain 457,000 ha of forest plantations for industrial, environmental and other uses; • Liaise with relevant institutions (i.e. Minerals Commission, Water Resources Commission, MMDAs, VRA, BPA, EPA etc.) to rehabilitate mined sites and reforest degraded watersheds etc. (target of 50,000 ha); • Maintain an estimated 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha private) existing forest plantations; • Undertake coppice management and/or replanting of harvested coupes; and • Facilitate the enactment of policy/legislation to support ownership by farmers of planted trees-on-farms. Details of targeted actions and timelines for this Strategic Objective are presented in Appendix 4. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 34

3.1.2 Strategic Objective 2: Forest plantation investment promotion (establishment and management) Current Government Incentives and Benefits Forest plantations have long gestation periods and the related investments have long payback periods and high risks that make them generally unattractive to financial institutions. The economic viability of commercial forest plantations depend primarily on secure, long-term access (i.e. transparent Land Lease and Benefit Sharing Regimes) to suitable lands and access to suitably packaged long-term financing. The Government of Ghana (GoG) has introduced some general incentives and benefits to attract investments in commercial forest plantation development as follows: Forest Plantation Development Fund (FPDF) Act, 2000, Act 583. (Provides financial assistance to the private sector for the development of forest plantations; provides funds for research and technical advice). Forest Plantation Development Fund (Amendment) Act, 2002, Act 623. (Parent act amended to provide financial assistance to both public and private plantation developers). The Timber Resources Management (Amendment) Act, 2002, Act 617. (Excludes private forest plantations from being allocated by government under a Timber Utilization Contract (TUC), in addition to the provision of fiscal and other incentives and benefits to investors in the forestry sector). Internal Revenue (Amendment) Act, 2006, Act 710. (Amended section 97(3a) of the Internal Revenue Act, 2001 (Act 592) by substituting 15 years with 20 years. It also amends section 131(2) of Act 592). Additionally, the Forestry Commission leases/allocates land in degraded forest reserves to the private sector (including community groups) and the public sector, for commercial forest plantation development. This comprises the Modified Taungya System implemented with forest fringe communities (small to medium scale), Private Commercial Developers on-reserve (medium scale and large) and Public Private Partnerships on-reserve (large scale). Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 35 Required Incentives for Large-scale Plantation Developers In addition to the general requirements of plantation developers, large-scale plantation developers additionally require reliable data on available land, climate, soil characteristics, topography, drainage and availability of skilled and unskilled labour with respect to proposed reforestation areas. Accurate information and assistance is also required on the processes and procedures required to secure land leases and to process applications for tax exemptions and incentives. Required Incentives for Small and Medium-scale Plantation Developers Small to medium-scale plantation developers require innovative financing mechanisms such as reforestation levies and taxes, REDD+ Carbon Credits, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and environmental offsets (i.e. carbon offsets, biodiversity offsets, reforestation offsets) from which grants, concessionary loans and performance based payments may be sourced for the establishment and maintenance of their forest plantations. They in addition require extension services and well developed markets for their products at fair prices. Funding Sources • Forest Plantation Development Fund (FPDF) This provides a key source of public funding for both private and public forest plantation development in Ghana. The Fund Board mainly disburses loans and grants to private and public entities undertaking forest plantation development. This funding source, which is derived mainly from levies imposed on air-dried lumber of selected timber species (Timber Export Levy), is inadequate and has been dwindling over time. The amount of funds available under the Forest Plantation Development Fund would be improved by the expansion of the coverage of the levy to include all key timber species exported as air-dried lumber. • Forestry Commission/ Timber Industry Fund In 2008, the FC and the Timber Industry reached an agreement to set aside 0.5% out of the 1.5% Export Levy for the establishment and management of commercial forest plantations to provide industrial timber to the timber industry. Since then, the FC has retained 1% while the 0.5% is paid into an escrow account and managed by the FC/Timber Industry Fund Management Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 36 Committee for the establishment and management of public forest plantations in degraded forest reserves. Consistent with good governance principles in the management of public funds, it is expected that the Export Levy, the Fund and the Committee that manages it would be regulated by an appropriate legislation. • Other Potential Sources of Funding Additionally, a broad-based Reforestation Levy should be imposed on all industries whose operations negatively impact the environment. Funds realized from this levy would be allocated as grants to public and private entities/landowners undertaking reforestation projects and for research. Targeted industries include: transport, mining, oil and gas, power/energy production, cement, telecommunications, construction, textile, logging and timber processing, etc. • Proposed Actions for Investment Promotion This strategic objective, seeks among others to identify and pursue a number of innovative financing mechanisms for forest plantation investments in Ghana, together with advocacy for appropriate legislation to among others promote investments in forest plantations. Key actions to be implemented under this strategic objective include the following: • Facilitate the enactment of a Forest Plantation Act to provide a legal framework for the regulation of the forest plantation sector and the provision of benefits and incentives to investors. Additionally, the Act is expected to provide innovative financing mechanisms (e.g. through the introduction of environmental levies/taxes, carbon credit revenues) to support forest plantation establishment, management, harvesting, processing, marketing and research among others; • Facilitate the expansion of the coverage of the Timber Export Levy to include all key timber species exported as air-dried lumber; • Explore innovative financing sources e.g. REDD+ Performance-based Payments, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), environmental offsets (e.g. carbon offsets, biodiversity offsets, reforestation offsets), etc.; Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 37 • Introduce performance-based payment systems targeted at small and medium scale commercial forest plantation investors covering the first 5years of plantation establishment (Annual payments or grants would be paid based on the achievement of key minimum criteria after independent assessment of the forest plantation – Funds would be sourced mainly from local innovative financing schemes); • Publish a forest plantation investor handbook to guide potential local and foreign investors; • Facilitate the establishment of a specialized market for the trading of forest plantation stands; • Establish and facilitate platforms (investor fora) for periodic meetings and information dissemination among commercial private plantation developers and tree grower associations; and • Undertake extension services targeted primarily at small and medium scale commercial forest plantations and smallholder forest plantations. Details of targeted actions and timelines for this Strategic Objective are presented in Appendix 4.

3.1.3 Strategic Objective 3: Employment creation and sustainable livelihoods This strategic objective seeks to offer various socio-economic benefits to the key stakeholders that will be involved in the implementation of the Strategy, especially the local communities. These benefits include skills development and the creation of direct jobs such as: operating commercial tree nurseries; plantation establishment (e.g. site preparation, pegging and planting); maintenance (e.g. weeding, pruning, thinning, fire protection); participation in out-grower schemes; growing of shade-loving non-timber forest products (NTFPs) under plantations after canopy closure; Bee-keeping and cultivation of food crops under Taungya schemes as well as timber harvesting and processing. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 38 Four-month old teak plantation intercropped with ginger, in the Bosomoa Forest Reserve, Kintampo Forest District, Brong-Ahafo Region Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 39 In terms of employment generation, it is estimated that one person‘s labour would be employed for a whole year in order to establish one hectare of forest plantation. Therefore, for the 625,000 ha of forest plantations to be established under the Strategy a total of 625,000 full time jobs will be created over the 25-year period. An estimated 1,125,000 persons (1person/2ha) will be required to undertake maintenance of the stands aged 2 to 5 years over the 25-year period. For stands aged 6 to 25 years, an estimated 1,050,000 persons (1person/5ha) will be engaged over the period of the Strategy. Therefore, a total of 2.8 million jobs will be created over the 25-year period. Over the period an estimated 835 million seedlings will be required for establishing the 625,000 ha of forest plantations, an estimated 12 million seedlings for the 100,000 ha (approximately 800 compartments i.e. 40 compartments/year over 20 years) enrichment planting of poorly stocked forest reserves and 125 million seedlings for the trees-on-farm component making a total of 972 million tree seedlings over the Strategy period. Based on a seedling production standard of 10,000 seedlings/person/year, an estimated 97,200 full time jobs will be created over the 25-year period from tree seedling production or an average of 3,888 full time jobs per year. Details of targeted actions and timelines for this Strategic Objective are presented in Appendix 4. Tables 8-10 summarize the potential jobs to be created over the 25-year period through plantation establishment and maintenance (detailed analysis in Appendix 5). 2 The one year employment is estimated to be 250 man days per annum Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 40 Table 8: Summary of potential jobs to be created from new plantations over the 25-year COUPE/YEAR ACTIVITY WORK RATE AVERAGE NUMBER OF JOBS NUMBER OF JOBS CREATED / 25YRS CREATED / YR 1 Establishment 1 person / Ha 25,000 625,000 2–5 Maintenance 1 person / 2Ha 45,000 1,125,000 Page 41 6 – 25 Maintenance 1 person / 5ha 42,000 1,050,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Subtotal Establishment and Maintenance 2,800,000 6 – 25 Maintenance 1 person / 5ha 42,000 1,050,000 Total 115,888 2,897,200 Table 9: Summary of potential jobs to be created from existing plantations (2002- 2015) of an estimated area of 190,000 ha over the 25-year period COUPE/YEAR ACTIVITY WORK RATE JOB CREATED/25YRS 1 Establishment 1 person / Ha 0 2–5 Maintenance 1 person / 2Ha 20,000 6 – 25 Maintenance 1 person / 5ha 30,000 Seedling Production (est. 10,000 seedlings/ 300 6 – 25 3 million seedlings for person/yr. beating-up and rehabili- tation) Page 42 Total 50,300 Table 10: Summary of potential jobs to be created from enrichment planting over the 25-year period Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 COUPE/YEAR ACTIVITY WORK RATE JOB CREATED/25YRS 1 Establishment 25 persons/ Compartment (1 person / 5 ha) 20,000 2 – 10 Maintenance 10 persons / Compartment ( 1 person / 12.5 ha) 72,000 Total 92,000 The total number of jobs to be created under forest plantation establishment, maintenance, enrichment planting and seedlings production is estimated at 3,039,500 over the 25-year period of the Strategy. Additional jobs will be created through the maintenance of the existing 65,925 ha of forest plantations established prior to 2002. There will be conscious efforts to create an environment that fosters gender equity in accessing job opportunities. There will be a multiplier effect from the direct jobs created. Such indirect jobs are expected to emanate from the development of the plantations as well as logging and harvesting and further processing of the harvested plantation timber. The indirect jobs are expected to accrue from food crop farming, and the development of enterprises such as: local restaurants; service contractors; petty trading; furniture and joinery, charcoal production, charcoal briquettes making, carving, auto mechanics, transport, general construction, etc. This may result in twice the number of jobs created directly from the development of the forest plantations (i.e. approximately 6 million jobs) which would improve local economies. Key actions under this strategic objective include: • Undertake skills and nature-based enterprise development for men and women (i.e. tree nursery development, snail farming, apiculture, mushroom farming etc.); • Facilitate infrastructural development within forest fringe communities; • Promote out-grower forest plantation schemes and establishment of private nurseries; and • Promote the establishment of community fire protection crews. Details of targeted actions and timelines for this Strategic Objective are presented in Appendix 4.

3.1.4 Strategic Objective 4: Investments in research and development, extension, training and capacity building for forest plantation development The success of commercial forest plantation establishment is highly dependent on: selection of suitable species, use of high-quality genetic planting material, site-species matching, application of proven silvicultural techniques, availability of technical capacity and adoption of appropriate business models. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 43 The Strategy recognizes these important factors and consequently proposes the necessary measures with regards to research in the priority areas, capacity building as well as the provision of extension services that are described below. This strategic objective will focus on support to research on forest plantation development to provide the relevant data and information to minimize economic and ecological risks to investments in forest plantations; build the critical mass of the required technical and managerial expertise; and provide the essential extension support.

3.1.4.1 Research Research under this Strategy will aim at developing technologies and providing information on site-species matching, propagation methods, tree improvement, tree and stand management techniques, site productivity management, establishment and regeneration of trees on farms, identification and evaluation of suitable tree species for incorporation into farming systems, generation of tree management techniques on farm and assessing the productivity of such systems. There are currently low investments in research and development and gaps in key data relevant to forest plantation development in Ghana. Therefore, a Forest Plantation Research Fund will be established to provide support to priority research areas. The key focus of research in the short to medium term will be seed and tree improvement (S&Ti). The purpose of this area of research is to optimize the availability of tree seeds of high quality and to provide relevant seed information for afforestation, reforestation and agroforestry programs in the country. Programs that involve establishment, certification and management of improved seed production areas and seed orchards (seed stands) for plantation tree species, research on the genetic improvement of selected tree species (indigenous and exotic), identification and certification of seed collection areas for indigenous species and general seed biology would be undertaken. Other priority research and investigation areas include: • Tree pest and disease identification, control and management; • Development of best management practices and silviculture for key indigenous/exotic species and their mixtures; • Growth and yield studies and prediction for the prioritized and potential tree species; Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 44 • Production of broad site-species maps for each prioritized species for the whole country; • Economic calculations (IRR and Cost-Benefit Analysis) on the profitability of each prioritized species for various site qualities and scales of operation using the best available growth, cost and price information to guide the choice of species by current and potential investors; and • Market research – Demand and trends in demand, competition and market forecast.

3.1.4.2 Capacity Building Human capital development is an important consideration for the implementation of plantation development plans. Appropriate categories of manpower for plantation development (e.g. large-scale commercial forest plantations and the small-scale tree growers) would therefore be equipped with the necessary technical, supervisory and managerial skills to ensure effective and efficient delivery of best practice forest plantation management services. Measures to develop and upgrade capacity in forest plantation development and management include the following: • Targeted technical level short-term and refresher courses as well as training of trainers in hands-on forest plantation development, Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) and management skills will be fast-tracked in collaboration with the FCTC, FORIG, KNUST, UENR, IUCN and the existing private commercial plantation developers; • Training of Forest Guards and other frontline staff of the FSD, and Rapid Response Teams in forest law enforcement and forest protection (wildfire, encroachment, illegal logging, cattle grazing, etc.); • Implementation of professional development programmes at the local and international levels to strengthen institutional capacity would be pursued. There will be collaboration with local universities and training institutions with programs in forestry to regularly review curricula in line with the demands of the forest plantation industry; • Organize study tours and exchange programs with foreign public and private institutions implementing best practice plantation development, i.e. Malaysia, Costa Rica, Thailand, Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 45 Brazil, Chile, South Africa, Cote D’ Ivoire, etc.; • Sponsorship for priority advanced degree programmes in disciplines such as: genetics and tree breeding; plantation silviculture and management; forest economics, forest engineering and forest plantation pest and disease management/Control; • Build capacity of tree grower associations by supporting group formation, administration, provision of technical support, access to markets and products development; and • Farmer field schools and demonstrations on good agroforestry practices and integrated nature-based livelihood options.

3.1.4.3 Extension services The private sector and community plantation efforts will be supported with education and extension services to promote adoption of best plantation management practices. Smallholder and small-scale forest plantations will be the main focus of this intervention. The appropriate linkages will be facilitated between the forest plantation industry, the FC, FORIG/other research institutions, and the Universities to ensure effective transfer of technology and the provision of feedbacks to promote the adoption of best practices generated by research. Model plantations will be established across the country for demonstration purposes. There will be collaboration with the following, among others, for the provision of extension services: • Plantation Developers Associations/Groups, Farmer Groups; • Community level structures such as CREMAs; • Relevant civil society organizations; and • National Service Secretariat. Key actions to be implemented under this strategic objective include: • Develop integrated pest management systems and train personnel to implement the systems for monitoring, detecting and managing outbreak of pests and diseases within plantations; • Undertake trials of selected exotic and indigenous timber tree species to determine their suitability for plantation establishment, enrichment planting and incorporation into agroforestry systems; Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 46 FC staff holding consultations with Nsoatre community leaders on the rehabilitation of the degraded Tain II Forest Reserve, Sunyani Forest District, Brong-Ahafo Region. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 47 • Develop standardized guide books for forest plantation extension services; • Build capacity of FSD Staff in extension services; • Assess capacity building requirements for forest plantations development; • Undertake genetic improvement of key plantation species (indigenous and exotic); • Undertake mass production of improved genetic material; • Undertake international educational tours to model plantation setups; • Organize capacity building/training programs on fire prevention and management; • Improve training in site productivity management; • Build capacity of Forest Guards and RRTs in forest law enforcement and forest protection; • Design certificate programs for the private sector to upgrade their skills and knowledge to maintain high operational standards within the industry; • Build capacity of timber processing industry to improve efficiency and utilization of small diameter logs; and • Build capacity of tree grower associations in plantations management, advocacy and marketing of their produce. Details of targeted actions and timelines for this Strategic Objective are presented in Appendix 4.

3.1.5 Strategic Objective 5: Governance

3.1.5.1 Guiding Principles In the promotion of the development of forest plantations, the following guiding principles with regards to good governance in forest plantation will be pursued: • Assurance of clear land and tree tenure; • Assurance of consistent and clear enabling Government policies, laws and regulations to sustain investor confidence; • Prompt and efficient law enforcement and conflict resolution, especially with regards to land ownership and lease disputes; • Promotion of multi-stakeholder dialogue approach as a platform for decision-making and the provision of feedback from the stakeholders; Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 48 • Distribution of benefits on an equitable basis to all relevant stakeholders; • Transparency and Regular Disclosure of information through agreed channels to stakeholders at community, district and national levels; and • Conflict management mechanisms.

3.1.5.2 Institutional Structures For The Strategy’s Implementation The Forestry Commission Act, 1999 (Act 571) mandates the Forestry Commission (FC), among others, to undertake and support the development of forest plantations for the restoration of degraded areas (on and off– reserves), the increased production of industrial timber and the expansion of the country’s protected forest cover nationwide. Currently, the FC’s plantation development effort is coordinated by the Plantations Department (PD) of the Forest Services Division (FSD). The PD has a staff strength of eight – 1 Director, 2 Senior Managers, 4 Middle/ Junior managers and 1 Secretary. The PD coordinates the execution of the FC’s mandate through the FSD district and regional management across the country with the Resource Management Support Centre (RMSC) of the FC, based in Kumasi, providing management support principally in the form of standard setting and monitoring. In view of the growing importance of forest plantations and the greater responsibility expected of the FC to effectively coordinate the planned actions and manage the expectations of the many stakeholders, especially the private sector investors, it is recommended that the current structure be reviewed accordingly and commensurate authority and resources provided to ensure effective delivery of planned outputs under this Strategy. The FC fulfills its mandate in collaboration with a number of institutions and stakeholders including MLNR, FPDFMB, MoFEP, EPA, Landowners and forest fringe communities, Private Plantation Developers, Media, Timber Industry, Civil Society Organizations, Research and Academic Institutions, Lands Commission and GNFS. The collaborating institutions and their expected roles are summarized in Table 11. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 49 Table 11: Roles of supporting institutions/stakeholders Institution/Stakeholder Roles Ministry of Lands and Natural Policy formulation and monitoring. Resources (MLNR) Forest Plantation Development Fund Provide funds for agreed plantation Manangement Board (FPDFMB) initiatives. Provide funds for research and technical support. Parliamentary Select Committee on Legislation and monitoring of strategy Lands and Forestry implementation. Forest Plantation Technical Oversight, monitoring the achievement Steering Committee (proposed) of set objectives and facilitate periodic reviews. Ministry of Finance and Economic Legislate for and regulate any tax incen- Planning (MoFEP) tives for forest plantations and will imple- ment these through the Ghana Revenue Authority. Additionally MoFEP releases GoG funds for financing public forest plantations. Metropolitan, Municipal & District Support in infrastructural development, Assemblies (MMDAs) promote investments and ensure law and order. Conflict management. Institute bye-laws to protect forest plantation investments. Environmental Protection Agency Evaluate and monitor environmental (EPA) standards and approve EIA/ESIA for large-scale development. Traditional Authority / Provide land. Landowners Conflict management. Community mobilization. Forest fringe communities Support FC in the prevention of illegal activities and wildfires from destroying plantation areas, partner FC in the de- velopment of forest plantations. Form the bulk of labour for plantation develop- ment by both public and private investors. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 50 Institution/Stakeholder Roles Timber Industry Advise on species selection relative to industry needs. Ministry of Food and Agriculture Collaborate on trees-on-farm component (MoFA) and extension training and support. Lands Commission Identify land banks for off-reserve areas Register Leases for commercial forest plantation development. Tree Grower Associations & Farmer Facilitate extension services to members. Groups Information dissemination within groups. Lobby key stakeholders. Ghana Investment Promotion Encourage, promote and facilitate Centre (GIPC) investments into the country. Initiate and support measures that will enhance the investment climate in Ghana. Research and Academic Institutions Research, professional and technical education. Ghana National Fire Service Review fire management plans. (GNFS) Fire education and sensitization. Fire fighting. The Media Information dissemination and public education and sensitization. Ghana Police Service & Military Law enforcement, prosecution of forest offenders. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) Monitoring, public interest and rights advocacy, information dissemination and awareness creation. National Disaster Management Assist in disaster management, Organization (NADMO) particularly fires and flood. National Commission for Civic Engage especially at the district level for Education (NCCE) education and conflict resolution/ management. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 51 It is proposed that a multi-stakeholder advisory body to be known as the Forest Plantation Technical Steering Committee (FPTSC), be formed to guide the implementation of this forest plantation Strategy. Key actions under this strategic objective would include: • Strengthen enforcement of forest laws and regulations to address issues of illegal logging, wildfires and forest encroachment (illegal settlements, illegal farming, illegal mining, grazing, etc.); • Ensure transparency in the implementation of the Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy by adopting collaborative M&E systems; • Ensure adherence to social and environmental safeguard measures; • Institute annual award scheme for exceptional performance in plantation development; • Build structures and arrangements to facilitate equitable distribution of forest plantation benefits; • Establish and inaugurate FPTSC; • Develop consultative processes and systems to involve key stakeholders in decision making on forest plantation development; • Develop and implement fair and transparent systems for allocating timber rights for forest plantations; • Implement mechanisms that ensures fair pricing of plantation timber and other products and services; • Develop and implement clear regulations for submission and approval of reforestation/afforestation/forest plantation development plans for establishments both on and off-reserve; and • Liaise with Plant Protection Department of MoFA to grant approval for importation of all planting material for forest plantation/forest nurseries development. Details of targeted actions and timelines for this Strategic Objective are presented in Appendix 4. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 52 Thinning operation within a 14-year old teak plantation established by Form Ghana in partnership with the Forestry Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Commission within the Asubima Forest Reserve, Offinso Forest District, Ashanti Region. Page 53 PART FOUR PART IV – FINANCE

4.1 Budget And Funding Sources The total cost of implementing the Strategy over the 25-year period (2016 – 2040) is US$4,064,389,800 (Appendix 6). Table 12 highlights the summary costs and expected funding sources. Funding for the Strategy will be sourced from government (public) and private sector. Government funding is expected to come from direct budget support, levies (eg. a 5 percent carbon levy on petroleum products could yield an estimated US$145million/year [based on an estimated average annual crude oil consumption of 24 million barrels from 2010 to 2013 and current weighted average fuel price of US$0.76/litre]), pension funds (e.g. SSNIT) and contributions from development partners (DPs). Support from DPs would be in the form of loans, grants and direct budgetary support. Private sector funds are expected to be sourced from debt and/or equity financing and grants. Public Private Partnership options for the establishment of new plantations, coppice management and maintenance of existing ones will be pursued to attract private sector investments for plantation development. Other sources of funding will include revenue from issuance of conveyance certificates for woodfuel and private forest plantation timber. Generally, the Government of Ghana and its agencies and development partners, apart from directly funding limited establishment and maintenance of public forest plantations, will mainly fund activities aimed at facilitating the creation of an enabling environment for investment in forest plantation development. These will include promulgation of legislations, policies and establishment of institutional structures that promote investment in forest plantations; creation of land banks; genetic tree improvement and subsequent provenance testing and establishment of seed stands; Licensing of tree nurseries and plantation development contractors; capacity building within key agencies charged with supporting forest plantation development; research; etc. Private sector investments will mainly target the actual implementation of forest plantation projects. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 54 Budget Summary (2016 - 2040) COST ITEM BUDGET (US$) FUNDING SOURCE(S) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: 4,031,198,800 GoG / DPs Establishment and management Private Sector of planted forests STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: 1,310,000 GoG / DPs Investment Promotion STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: 7,975,000 GoG / DPs Employment creation and Private Sector (47%) Page 55 livelihoods STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: 13,170,000 GoG / DPs Research and development, training and capacity building, Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 and extension services STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: 2,711,000 GoG / DPs Governance TOTAL 4,064,389,800 GoG / DPs Private Sector

4.2 Expected Yield and Income In terms of yield, the extra 625,000 ha of plantation would supply an estimated 82.5 million cubic meters of round wood (standing tree volume) over the 25-year period. This translates to an estimated average of 3.25 million cubic meters of round wood annually over the 25 years [Mean Annual Increment (MAI) of 10m3/ha/year, 25-year rotation] (Appendix 7). The 3.25 million cubic meters of wood at an estimated average timber price of US$80 per cubic meter would provide average timber revenue of US$260 million annually. The 235,000 ha of existing forest plantation would be expected to supply an average of 1.41 million cubic meters of round wood annually over the 25 year period of the Strategy (MAI of 6m3/ha/year, 25-year rotation). At an estimated average timber price of US$80 per cubic meter, this would provide average timber revenue of US$113 million annually. Between Strategy years 1-2 (2016–2017) an average of approximately US$15 million is expected to be generated annually from thinnings of the existing plantations. An average of US$150 million is expected to be generated annually between Strategy years 3–9 (2018 -2024) from further thinnings and harvesting of saw logs from the existing plantations and an average of US$520 million annually between Strategy years 10-25 (2025– 2040) mainly from harvesting of poles, fuelwood and saw logs from existing and new plantations. Poorly stocked stands within forest reserves would be enriched at an average of 100 stems per hectare. Assuming 50% of these stems survive and reach maturity then these would supply an average of 250m3 of round wood per hectare by year 40 (Mean round wood volume of 5m3 per tree; MAI of 6.25m3/ha/year 40-year rotation). Using an estimated average timber price of US$60 per cubic meter, the targeted 100,000 ha would provide total timber revenue of US$1.5 billion at the end of the 40-year rotation (or average annual revenue of US$37.5 million). Additionally, significant income is expected from carbon offset schemes (i.e Compliance Carbon Markets, Voluntary Carbon Markets, etc.), REDD+ (e.g. performance-based payments for emission reduction) and payment for other ecosystem services. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 56 Significant environmental and socio-economic benefits such as environmental enhancement and conservation, livelihood support through job creation and promotion of economic activities within local communities, and the envisaged expansion in the timber and affiliated industries across the country would be realized as a result of implementing the Strategy.

4.3 Financial Appraisal The financial appraisal of the Strategy was undertaken to determine its net worth or profitability over the 25-year period. Total project income is US$9,411,553,539 with expected investment cost of US$4,064,389,800 over the period. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for executing the Strategy is 19.4% and the Net Present Value (NPV) is US$799,473,516 (Cost of capital of 10%) [Appendix 8]. It is therefore evident from the results that the proposed investments to be made under this Strategy would yield an attractive financial return. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the robustness of the investment in the face of adverse changes or uncertainties that may affect its viability. At a cost of capital of 10%, year on year expenditure (cost) was increased by 20% over the period of the Strategy and this yielded a positive NPV of US$487,549,556, with an IRR of 15.1%. A 20% year on year decrease in revenue over the same period also yielded a positive NPV of US$327,911, 018, with an IRR of 14.2%. Finally, year on year cost was increased by 20% while revenue was decreased by 10%, and yet a combination of these two negative effects yielded a positive NPV of US$252,024,472 with an IRR of 12.8%. It is therefore evident from the above results that the proposed investments to be made under this Strategy would yield an attractive financial return, and would remain viable in the face of unexpected, but possible, extreme adverse income and expenditure regimes. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 57 PART FIVE PART V – MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING

5.1 Monitoring & Evaluation Progress monitoring will be undertaken by the Executive Director, FSD. Annual reports will be prepared indicating progress towards the achievement of the set milestones. The reports will be submitted to the Chief Executive of the Forestry Commission who will make copies available to the FC Board, FPTSC, Parliamentary Select Committee on Lands and Forestry, MLNR, Civil Society and other relevant bodies or institutions. These reports will form the basis for monitoring and evaluation of progress. The detailed M&E framework is shown in Appendix 4. To enhance the process of monitoring and evaluation, a robust ICT platform will be developed to host all the data captured, processed and reported under the 25 year Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy. The proposed Plantation Management System and knowledge transfer is estimated to cost US$300,000. Capacity building and training will be conducted for all users of the ICT management system across the country. The Strategy will be reviewed every 5 years from the date of commencement of implementation to monitor progress and adapt the Strategy to changing conditions and priorities thus ensuring that the Strategy stays on course to achieve the overarching goal. A summative evaluation will be carried out by an independent party at the end of year 25 to determine the effectiveness of the Strategy in achieving the set objectives. Lessons learnt will inform the development of a new Strategy. The process of developing a new Strategy should commence at least 2 years prior to the termination of this Strategy.

5.2 Indicators For Monitoring The plan will be subjected to regular and objective reviews to determine its effectiveness and establish its impact. Although the future may hold developments that have not been anticipated, the detailed internal and external analyses undertaken stand us in good stead to manage the future. Monitoring of the Strategy’s indicators will be undertaken by the Executive Director, FSD with support from the FPTSC. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 58 The performance indicators to be used in monitoring the implementation of the Strategy will include: • number and types of forest plantation investors processed and approved; • number of parcels and extent of lands in degraded forest reserves and off-reserves that are leased to investors; • number of males and females who attended and completed the various training courses organized under the Strategy (e.g. short-term, refresher, formal etc); • number of male and female trainees who have established themselves with skills acquired and are excelling 3 years after the training; • extent of lands in hectares planted annually by each category of investor; • number of genetically improved seedlings produced and delivered to tree growers; • extent of existing plantations in hectares that have been rehabilitated; • extent of enrichment plantings undertaken in hectares; • number of jobs created; • the disbursement of the available funds for implementing the Strategy; • size (value) of investments in forest plantations; and • number of investments in forest plantations. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 59 Five (5)-month old teak plantation established by Mere Plantation Ltd. in partnership with the Forestry Commission within the Afram Headwaters Forest Reserve, Ashanti Region. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 60 REFERENCES

6.0 REFERENCES Foli, E.G. and Ofosu-Asiedu, A., 1997. Fast Growing Indigenous Species Identified for Planting in the Various Ecological Zones of Ghana. A Paper presented at the Rural Forestry Workshop on Training and Organization of Tree Growers at the National Level, City Hotel, Kumasi, Ghana. 29-31 July, 1997. FAO, 2002. Hardwood plantations in Ghana by F. Odoom. Forest Plantations Working Paper 24. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome, Italy (unpublished) FAO, 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. FAO, 2016. Definitions of Grasslands. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/ theme/spi/gcwg/definitions/en/ Marfo, Emmanuel. 2010. Chainsaw milling in Ghana: Context, Drivers and Impacts. Tropenbos International, Wagningen, the Netherlands. MLF, 1996. Forestry Development Master Plan (1996-2020) MLNR, 2012. Ghana Forest and Wildlife Policy. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Accra – Ghana. Nolan, T.M. and Ghartey, K., 1992. Management of the Tropical High Forest of Ghana. Unpublished Memo Odoom, F.K., 1998. A Case Study of the Hardwood Planations in Ghana. FAO Project GCP/INT/628/UK Oduro K. A. et al., 2012. Ghana Forest and Wildlife Handbook, Ghana Forest and Wildlife Resources, 2012: A compendium of information about forests and wildlife resources, forestry related issues and wood processing in Ghana. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 61 GLOSSARY GLOSSARY Best practice A technique or a methodology that, through experience and research, has proven to reliably lead to a desired result. A commitment to using best practice in any field is a commitment to using all knowledge and technology at one’s disposal to ensure success. Commercial forest plantation Forest plantation established purposely for producing timber and other forest produce as a business enterprise or for sale. In Ghana, this has been categorized into small (4 ha - 100 ha), medium (101 ha – 1,000 ha) and large (1,000+ ha) scale. Convalescence Area A degraded (Basal Area between 5 - 12m2/ha; forest condition score of 3 or 4) production area within the forest reserve that has been temporarily taken from production for a period of 40 years to enable it recover. Conversion Area A heavily degraded production area (Basal Area less than 5m2/ha; forest condition score of 5 or 6) which has poor regeneration of indigenous tree species and may be available for reforestation. Deforestation The conversion of a forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy cover, height and land area below the minimum thresholds for a “forest” (see forest definition). Enrichment planting The introduction of high value tree species into a poorly stocked natural forest to sustain the supply of desirable species. Usually, striplings/seedlings of up to 1m height planted at 5m intervals within 2m wide strips, 20m apart. Forest Community of trees on land with a minimum area of 1 hectare, minimum tree crown cover of 15%, or with existing tree species having the potential of attaining at least 15% crown cover, with trees that have a minimum height or potential to reach a height of 5.0 meters at maturity in situ. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 62 GLOSSARY Forest Degradation The changes within the forest, usually caused by anthropogenic and environmental factors, that negatively affect the structure or function of the stand or site, thereby reducing its capacity to supply products and/or services [i.e. timber, NTFPs, carbon storage, watershed protection, biodiversity conservation etc.] Forest Landscape Restoration A process that aims to regain ecological integrity and functionality; and enhance human wellbeing in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. It involves people coming together to restore the function and productivity of degraded forest lands - through a variety of place-based interventions, including new tree plantings, managed natural regeneration, or improved land management. Forest plantation Forests established by deliberate seeding or planting, that possess features of uniformity, shape and often intensity of management. Usually, they are established on degraded lands with the same species and have the same age and a regular spacing. Free range cattle ranching A system of animal husbandry in which the livestock, especially cattle are left to graze or roam freely without any form of confinement either by a ranch or barbed wire. Example is the activities of Fulani herdsmen in some parts of Ghana that result in the destruction of farms and property. Grassland A grassland is a plant community, in which the structural dominants are grasses. It can also be seen as land covered with grasses and other herbaceous species. Woody plants may be present, but if so, they do not cover more than 10% of the ground. There are many different types of grassland designated by ecozone, topography, climate, soil conditions etc. Planted Forest Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. It includes forest plantations, enrichment plantings, trees-on-farm etc. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 63 GLOSSARY Reforestation Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on degraded land previously classified as forest. Smallholder forest plantations These are forest plantations covering an area less than 4 ha (10 acres). Sustainable forest management (SFM) It is the process of managing forests to achieve one or more clearly defined objectives of management with regard to the production of a continuous flow of desired forest products and services, without undue reduction of its inherent values and future productivity and without undue undesirable effect on the physical and social environment. Taungya system A system whereby farmers and sometimes forest plantation workers are given the right to cultivate agricultural crops during the early stages of the forest plantation establishment. Food crop cultivation is often allowed to continue until trees shade crops due to canopy closure. Trees-on-farm Planting and/or nurturing of naturally occurring forest trees within farming systems. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 64 APPENDICES APPENDICES APPENDIX Appendix 1: 1: Forest Plantation Establishment Achievements under the NFPDP (2002 – 2015) FOREST PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER THE NFPDP (2002 - 2015) FC/ TOTAL PRIVATE FSD EXPANDED YEAR MTS CFMP HIPC PLANTATIONS PROGRAM INDUSTRY PLANTED DEVELOPERS FUND AREA PLANTATIONS 17,341.00*       1,609.00  **       18,950.00   2002 17,541.00*       1,609.00  **       19,150.00   2003 16,090.00*     5,509.84   1,609.00  **       23,208.84   2004 9,105.00*   1,136.00*   3,341.93   1,609.00  **       15,191.93   2005 9,401.00*   2,298.00*   2,708.50   1,609.00  **       16,016.50   2006 8,711.00*   2,731.00*   2,947.82   1,613.00   78.5*       16,081.32   2007 ** 111*   2,930.00*   1,806.67   5,986.65   160*       10,994.32   2008 2,427.30*   4,293.00*   902.84   3,894.35   140*       11,657.49   2009 1 -­‐   -­‐   -­‐   4,612.84   -­‐   14,008.84   106.82   18,728.50   2010 1 -­‐   -­‐     4,439.88   -­‐   6719.71   270.77   11,430.36   2011 1 -­‐   -­‐     3,549.89   -­‐   5,854.34   95.3   9,499.53   2012 -­‐   -­‐     4,309.51   2,857.61   -­‐   180.74   7,347.86   2013 -­‐   -­‐     7,795.51   -­‐   -­‐   487.56   8,283.07   2014 -­‐   -­‐   -­‐   3,802.20   -­‐   108.00 -­‐   - 108.00   3,910.20   2015 80,727.30   13,388.00   17,217.60   48,048.83   3,344.11 3,236.11   26,582.89   1,141.19 1,249.19   190,449.92   TOTAL *Reported figures, yet to be verified by technical audit **Achievement of Private Developers for the period 2002-2007 has been estimated based on total establishment collated at the end of 2007 , averaged over the period, due to lack of proper documentation on yearly achievements. 1 Figures reviewed in 2013 following a joint verification of the effective area planted by the Service Companies and the Forest Services Division Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 65 APPENDIX 2: Appendix 2 : Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ^ŽƵƌĐĞŽĨZŝƐŬ ZŝƐŬǀĂůƵĂƚŝŽŶ KǀĞƌĂůůZĂƚŝŶŐ DŝƚŝŐĂƚŝŽŶDĞĂƐƵƌĞƐͬZĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚ ĐƚŝŽŶƐ >ŝŬĞůŝŚŽŽĚŽĨ >ŝŬĞůLJ/ŵƉĂĐƚŽĨ KĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ ZŝƐŬ ;WƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJͿ ;ŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞͿ EĂƚƵƌĂůͬŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů WƌŽůŽŶŐĞĚƌŽƵŐŚƚ >Žǁ ,ŝŐŚ DĞĚŝƵŵ  ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨĐůŝŵĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌŐŽŽĚ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌƉƌĞĚŝĐƚŝŽŶ  WůĂŶƚŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞŽŶƐĞƚŽĨƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌ ƌĂŝŶƐ  WůĂŶƚŝŶŐĚƌŽƵŐŚƚƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶƚƐƚƌĂŝŶƐ  hƐĞŽĨŚLJĚƌŽŐĞůƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐŽŝů ĂŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ  DƵůĐŚŝŶŐ  /ƌƌŝŐĂƚŝŽŶ &ůŽŽĚ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ >Žǁ  ŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨĐůŝŵĂƚĞĚĂƚĂĨŽƌŐŽŽĚ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌƉƌĞĚŝĐƚŝŽŶ  ƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƐŝƚĞƐĞůĞĐƚŝŽŶ;ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞ ĚƵĞĚŝůŝŐĞŶĐĞͿ  ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĨůŽŽĚĚƌĂŝŶƐͬĚŝƚĐŚĞƐ WĞƐƚͬŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ >Žǁ  ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚWĞƐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ^LJƐƚĞŵ;/WD^Ϳ  dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽĨƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞůŝŶƚŚĞ/WD^ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞƐŽƵŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ  hŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŵŝdžĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƉůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶƐ  ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶͬƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶŽĨŐŽŽĚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůĨŽƌĞƐƚǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶĚĂƌŽƵŶĚ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶƐ  DĂƚĐŚŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚƐŝƚĞ  WůĂŶƚŝŶŐƉĞƐƚͬĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ƐƚƌĂŝŶƐ  'ŽŽĚƐŝůǀŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚƐƚĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƉƌĂĐƚŝĐĞƐ tŝŶĚĚĂŵĂŐĞ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ >Žǁ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ  ǀŽŝĚŝŶŐĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞƐŝƚĞƐ  DĂƚĐŚŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚƐŝƚĞ  ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚǁŝŶĚďƌĞĂŬƐǁŚĞƌĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 66 APPENDIX 2: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐͬ^ŽĐŝĂů tŝůĚĨŝƌĞ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ džƚƌĞŵĞ ,ŝŐŚ  ^ĞŶƐŝƚŝnjĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽĨĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĨƌŝŶŐĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚŝĞƐŝŶĨŝƌĞ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŽŶ͕ƉƌĞͲƐƵƉƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘  ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĨŝƌĞ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĐƌĞǁ  ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĨĨŝƌĞďƌĞĂŬƐ;ŐƌĞĞŶ ĨŝƌĞďƌĞĂŬƐĂŶĚĨŝƌĞƌŝĚĞƐͿ  hŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞĞĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞĨƵĞůƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ƌĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨĚĞďƌŝƐ͕ǁĞĞĚƐ͕ ƉƌĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚďƵƌŶŝŶŐͿ  &ŝƌĞƉĂƚƌŽůƐ͘  ĞƉůŽLJZĂƉŝĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞdĞĂŵƐ;ZZdͿ ƚŽĨůĂƐŚƉŽŝŶƚƐ͘  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞƐƚĂĨĨŝŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĨŽƌĞƐƚůĂǁ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ͘  WƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŝŽŶŽĨŽĨĨĞŶĚĞƌƐ͘  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨůŽĐĂůŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂƐĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶƐ;KƐͿƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ&ŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘ &ƌĞĞƌĂŶŐĞŐƌĂnjŝŶŐ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DĞĚŝƵŵ  ĨĨĞĐƚŝǀĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚůĂǁ ďLJĂƚƚůĞ;EŽŵĂĚŝĐ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚďLJ&ĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ ŚĞƌĚƐŵĞŶͿ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘  &ĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƚŚĞŝŶƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶŽĨĂƉŽůŝĐLJ ŽŶƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐ͘  ĞƉůŽLJZĂƉŝĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞdĞĂŵƐ;ZZdͿ ƚŽĨůĂƐŚƉŽŝŶƚƐ͘  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞƐƚĂĨĨŝŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĨŽƌĞƐƚůĂǁ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ͘  WƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŝŽŶŽĨŽĨĨĞŶĚĞƌƐ͘  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨůŽĐĂůŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂƐĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶƐ;KƐͿƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ&ŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘ ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ >ŽǁƉƌŝĐĞŽĨƚŝŵďĞƌ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ >Žǁ  ŝǀĞƌƐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƉůĂŶƚĞĚ  ,ĞĚŐŝŶŐ  /ŶͲĚĞƉƚŚŵĂƌŬĞƚĂŶĂůLJƐĞƐŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ WŽŽƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DĞĚŝƵŵ  /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ ŽĨƉůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽŶďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƚŝĐĞƐ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽůŽǁ Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 67

APPENDIX 2: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES LJŝĞůĚƐĂŶĚƌĞƚƵƌŶƐ  ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽĨƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ;ŵĂŝŶůLJƐŵĂůůĂŶĚ ĨŽƌĞƐƚĞƌƐ ŵĞĚŝƵŵƐĐĂůĞ  WƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƐƐŝŽŶĂƌLJ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŽƌƐͿ ůŽĂŶƐͬŐƌĂŶƚƐĨŽƌƉůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞďLJŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚͬĚŽŶŽƌƐ͘  WĂLJŵĞŶƚĨŽƌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ WŽůŝƚŝĐĂů ŚĂŶŐĞŝŶ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ >Žǁ  &ŽƐƚĞƌŵƵůƚŝͲƉĂƌƚLJŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚWŽůŝĐLJ ƉŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ&ŽƌĞƐƚ  ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞǁŝĚĞƌŵƵůƚŝͲƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ WůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƚŝŽŶƐŝŶƉŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ /ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐďLJ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ ;ƉŽƐƐŝďůLJƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞŐŝŵĞĐŚĂŶŐĞͿ ŚĂŶŐĞŝŶ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DĞĚŝƵŵ  &ŽƐƚĞƌŵƵůƚŝͲƉĂƌƚLJŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚWŽůŝĐLJ ƉŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ&ŽƌĞƐƚ  ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞǁŝĚĞƌŵƵůƚŝͲƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ WůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƚŝŽŶƐŝŶƉŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ /ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐďLJ ƉƵďůŝĐƐĞĐƚŽƌ ;ƉŽƐƐŝďůLJƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞŐŝŵĞĐŚĂŶŐĞͿ >ĞŐĂůͬWŽůŝĐLJ /ŶƐĞĐƵƌĞůĂŶĚ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ ,ŝŐŚ DĞĚŝƵŵ  /ŶǀĞƐƚŽƌƐĂƌĞĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚƚŽǀĞƌŝĨLJ ƚĞŶƵƌĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŝŶ ůĂŶĚƚŝƚůĞƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŽĨĨͲƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĂƌĞĂƐ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŝŶŽĨĨͲƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ĂƌĞĂƐďĞĨŽƌĞĨŽƌĞƐƚƉůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ /ůůĞŐĂůůŽŐŐŝŶŐ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ DĞĚŝƵŵ  &ƌĞƋƵĞŶƚƉĂƚƌŽůƐ ;ŵĂŝŶůLJƉƵďůŝĐ  ĞƉůŽLJZĂƉŝĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞdĞĂŵƐ;ZZdͿ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉůĂŶƚĂƚŝŽŶƐͿ ƚŽĨůĂƐŚƉŽŝŶƚƐ  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞƐƚĂĨĨŝŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĨŽƌĞƐƚůĂǁ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ  WƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŝŽŶŽĨŽĨĨĞŶĚĞƌƐ  /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĐŚĂŝŶŽĨĐƵƐƚŽĚLJƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨůŽĐĂůŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂƐĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶƐ;KƐͿƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ&ŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘ Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 68 /ůůĞŐĂůĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ >Žǁ >Žǁ >Žǁ  /ŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĨŽŽĚĐƌŽƉŝŶƚĞƌĐƌŽƉƉŝŶŐ ;ǁŝƚŚŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͘ƚĂƵŶŐLJĂͿ ƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƐͿ  &ƌĞƋƵĞŶƚƉĂƚƌŽůƐ  ĞƉůŽLJZĂƉŝĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞdĞĂŵƐ;ZZdͿ ƚŽĨůĂƐŚƉŽŝŶƚƐ  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞƐƚĂĨĨŝŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĨŽƌĞƐƚůĂǁ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ  WƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŝŽŶŽĨŽĨĨĞŶĚĞƌƐ  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨůŽĐĂůŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂƐĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶƐ;KƐͿƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ&ŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘ /ůůĞŐĂůŵŝŶŝŶŐ sĞƌLJ>Žǁ ,ŝŐŚ >Žǁ  &ƌĞƋƵĞŶƚƉĂƚƌŽůƐ  ĞƉůŽLJZĂƉŝĚZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞdĞĂŵƐ;ZZdͿ ƚŽĨůĂƐŚƉŽŝŶƚƐ  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞƐƚĂĨĨŝŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĨŽƌĞƐƚůĂǁ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ  WƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŝŽŶŽĨŽĨĨĞŶĚĞƌƐ  >ĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ  ƵŝůĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJŽĨůŽĐĂůŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĂƐĞĚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƚŝŽŶƐ;KƐͿƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ&ŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘ Rating (Probability): Very High (5), High (4), Moderate (3), Low (2) and Very Low (1) Rating (Consequence): Extreme (5), High (4), Moderate (3), Minor (2) and Insignificant (1) Rating (Overall): Very High (5), High (4), Medium (3), Low (2) and Very Low (1)  Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 69 APPENDIX 3: RECOMMENDED TREE SPECIES FOR FOREST PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA VEGETATION COMMON/TRADE SCIENTIFC NAME KEY USES ZONE NAME Indigenous: Allanblackia parviflora Tallow Tree Oils, Poles, Construction, Medicinal Aningeria spp. Asanfena Veneer, Plywood Canarium schweinfurthii Bediwonua Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Ceiba pentandra Ceiba Veneer, Plywood, Boards Dalbergia retusa* Rosewood Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Dalbergia sissoo* Rosewood Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Entandrophragma angolensis Edinam Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Entandrophragma candollei Kosipo Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Entandrophragma cylindricum Sapele Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Entandrophragma utile Utile Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Guarea cedrata Guarea Veneer, Plywood, Furniture, parquet Hallea stipulosa Subaha Furniture, Boards Heritiera utilis Nyankom Veneer, Plywood, Furniture Khaya ivorensis, Khaya grandifolia, Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Khaya angolensis African Mahogany Lovoa klaineana African Walnut Veneer, Plywood Mansonia altissima Mansonia Furniture, Parquet, Veneer Milicia spp. Odum Furniture, Parquet Nauclea diderrichii Kusia Furniture, Parquets, panelling Pericopsis elata Kokrodua / Afrormosia Furniture, Parquet, Veneer Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma Mining Timber, Sleeppers, Furniture Pterygota macrocarpa Koto Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture High Forest Zone Pycnanthus angolensis Otie Strombosia glaucescens Afina Mining Timber, Electicity transmission poles Terminalia ivorensis Emire Veneer, Plywood Terminalia superba Ofram Veneer, Plywood, Furniture Tieghemella heckelii Makore Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa Plywood, Boards, Particle Board Exotics: Aucoumea klaineana Aucoumea Plywood, Veneer, Panelling, Azadiracta excelsa* Sentang Veneer, Furniture, Panelling Bambusa spp Bamboo Furniture, Energy Cedrela odorata Cedrela Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Dendrocalamus spp Bamboo Furniture Eucalyptus spp.* Eucalyptus Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Paper, Transmission Energy Eucalyptus Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Paper, Transmission Energy Eucalyptus spp (including hybrids) Guadua spp. Bamboo Furniture Gmelina arborea Gmelina Veneer, Plywood, Furniture, Parquet, Pulp Oxytenanthera spp Bamboo Furniture Paulownia spp. * Paulownia Plywood, Pulp, Parquets, Veneer Furniture, Window frames, Panelling, Floors and Roofing, Pines Pinus spp. Turpentine Senna siamea Cassia Energy (Fuel wood) Shorea spp* Red Meranti Veneer, Furniture, Parquet, Plywood, Panelling Swietenia macrophylla * Mahogany Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Veneer, Furniture, Parquet, Transmission poles Tectona grandis Teak *Species to be introduced Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 70 APPENDIX 3: RECOMMENDED TREE SPECIES FOR FOREST PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA VEGETATION COMMON/TRADE SCIENTIFC NAME KEY USES ZONE NAME Indigenous: Aningeria spp. Asanfena Veneer, Plywood Ceiba pentandra Ceiba Veneer, Plywood, Boards Dalbergia melanoxylon* Blackwood Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Dalbergia retusa* Rosewood Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Dalbergia sissoo* Rosewood Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Daniellia oliveri Senya Furniture, Flooring, Boat building Khaya ivorensis, Khaya grandifolia, Khaya angolensis African Mahogany Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Furniture Lovoa klaineana African Walnut Veneer, Plywood Mansonia altissima Mansonia Furniture, Parquets, Veneer Milicia spp. Odum Furniture, Parquet Nauclea diderrichii Kusia Furniture, Parquets, panelling Pericopsis elata Kokrodua / Afrormosia Furniture, Parquet, Veneer Transitional Zone Piptadeniastrum africanum Dahoma Mining Timber, Sleeppers, Furniture Pterocarpus erinaceus African Rosewood Furniture, parquet Terminalia ivorensis Emire Veneer, Plywood Terminalia superba Ofram Veneer, Plywood, Furniture Triplochiton scleroxylon Wawa Plywood, Boards, Particle Board Exotics: Acacia mangium Acacia Energy (Charcoal), Paper Azadiracta excelsa* Sentang Veneer, Furniture, Panelling Bambusa spp Bamboo Furniture Cedrela odorata Cedrela Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Dendrocalamus spp Bamboo Furniture Eucalyptus spp.* Eucalyptus Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Energy Eucalyptus spp (including hybrids) Oxytenanthera spp Bamboo Furniture Furniture, Window frames, Panelling, Floors and Roofing, Pinus spp Pines Turpentine Senna siamea Cassia Energy (Fuel wood) Tectona grandis Teak Veneer, Furniture, Parquet, Transmission poles Indigenous: Anogeissus leiocarpus Anogeissus Energy (Fuel wood), Tool handles Ceiba pentandra Ceiba Veneer, Plywood, Boards Daniellia oliveri Senya Furniture, Flooring, Boat building Khaya senegalensis African Mahogany Boards, Furniture Millettia thonningii Millettia Energy (Fuel wood), Medicinal Pterocarpus erinaceus African Rosewood Furniture, Fuel wood (Energy), Medicinal Northern Zone Exotics: Acacia spp. Acacia Energy (Fuel wood) Azadirachta indica Neem Energy (Fuel wood) Bambusa spp Bamboo Furniture Dalbergia melanoxylon* Blackwood Furniture, Veneer, Plywood Dendrocalamus spp Bamboo Furniture Eucalyptus spp (including hybrids) Eucalyptus Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Energy Oxytenanthera spp Bamboo Furniture Senna siamea Cassia Medicinal, Tool handles Tectona grandis Teak Veneer, Furniture, Panelling Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 71

APPENDIX 3: RECOMMENDED TREE SPECIES FOR FOREST PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA VEGETATION COMMON/TRADE SCIENTIFC NAME KEY USES ZONE NAME Exotics Acacia spp. Acacia Pulp, Energy (Fuel wood) Azadirachta indica Neem Energy (Fuel wood) Bambusa spp Bamboo Furniture Coastal Savannah Ceiba pentandra Ceiba Veneer, Plywood, Boards Dendrocalamus spp Bamboo Furniture Eucalyptus spp (including hybrids) Eucalyptus Plywood, Veneer, Boards, Energy Oxytenanthera spp Bamboo Furniture Senna siamea Cassia Energy (Fuel wood) Tectona grandis Teak Veneer, Furniture Indigenous Millettia thonningii Millettia Energy (Fuel wood), Medicinal * Species to be introduced Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 72

Appendix 4 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY M & E FRAMEWORK GOAL OF STRATEGY: To achieve sustainable supply of planted forest goods and services to deliver a range of economic, social and environmental benefits STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Action 1.1: Identify, survey and map suitable lands Number of digital maps produced Establishment and within forest reserves for plantation development management of planted forests Action 1.2: Liaise with the Lands Commission, Area (ha) and number of off-reserve traditional councils and other landowners to identify lands identified off-reserve lands earmarked for commercial plantation development Page 73 Action 1.3: Develop and maintain a system to Updated land register update a register on degraded lands available for forest plantation (On-reserve and off-reserve) [Land Bank] Action 1.4: Publish database of available on and off- Database published Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 reserve lands (Land bank) for plantation development Action 1.5: Procure genetically improved /superior Weight/number and species of planting planting materials of selected exotic timber tree materials procured species Action 1.6: Collect seeds from plus native and exotic Weight and species of seeds collected timber tree species Action 1.7: Establish Seed Orchards (clonal and Area (ha), number and species of seed seedling) of selected exotic and native timber tree orchards established species (300 ha) Action 1.8: Maintain/Tend Seed Orchards (existing Area (ha) of SPAs and SOs maintained and new) / Seed Production Areas (SPAs) Action 1.9: Establish and operate a Tissue Culture Quality of tissue culture facility Lab and Other Facilities (Vegetative Propagation constructed Center) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Action 1.10: Establish and operate three (3) State-of- Number of modern central tree nursery Establishment and the-Art Central tree nurseries (Kumasi / Sunyani / established and operated management of planted Tamale) - 6 million seedlings capacity / yr Number of seedlings produced forests Action 1.11: Review existing plantation MoPs (A,B Plantation MoP ready for publishing and C) and consolidate into one document Action 1.12: Publish reviewed plantation MoP Plantation MoP published Action 1.13: Develop and publish MoP on Enrichment MoP on enrichment planting published Planting Action 1.14: Undertake coppice management of an Area (ha) of coppices managed stands estimated 15,000ha teak plantations harvested prior to 2015 and 10,000ha annually from 2027 Action 1.15: Undertake Enrichment planting in poorly- Number and area (ha) of poorly stocked stocked / convalescence forest reserves forest reserves improved Action 1.16: Undertake maintenance of Enrichment Number and area (ha) of enrichment Planting sites ( New and Existing) planting sites maintained Page 74 Action 1.17: Undertake replanting of an estimated Area (ha) and species of harvested 3,000ha harvested forest plantations (species other stands replanted than teak). Action 1.18: Maintain replanted sites (3,000 ha) Area (ha) of replanted stands Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 maintained Action 1.19: Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire Availability of fire reports indicating management nationwide trends of fire incidence Action 1.20: Construct fire rides (10meter wide) Length and quality of fire rides within existing government plantations (160,000ha) constructed [Est. 19,200 km]) Action 1.21: Maintain / rehabilitate an estimated Area (ha) of existing forest plantation 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha maintained/rehabilitated private) existing forest plantations Action 1.22: Establish new plantations [20,000 Area (ha) of new plantations established ha/yr] (with over 75% survival) Action 1.23: Maintain newly established plantations Area (ha) of new plantatioms maintained Action 1.24: Establish Model Plantations for Area (ha) and number of model demonstration of best practice (200 ha/yr) plantations established (with over 75%survival) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Action 1.25: Maintain existing (378ha) and newly Area (ha) and number of existing and Establishment and established (200ha/yr) Model Plantations new model plantatioms maintained management of planted Action 1.26: Promote agro-forestry/farm forestry Number of farms adopting the ToF system forests (trees on farm); [extension services and supply 5 Number of seedlings supplied per year million seedlings/yr] Number of participating farmers Area (ha) of participating farms Action 1.27: Liaise with Minerals Commission to Number and area (ha) of mined sites rehabilitate mined sites rehabilitated Action 1.28: Liaise with Water Resources Number and area (ha) of degraded Commission,VRA, GWCL, others to rehabilitate watersheds rehabilitated degraded watersheds Action 1.29: Procure key logistics for field Number and type of key field operations operations/monitoring and supervision (i.e. Vehicles, logistics procured motorbikes, GPS, pruning saws, pruning shears, Page 75 chainsaws, protective clothing, first aid and safety equipment etc.) Action 1.30: Facilitate forest plantations management Number and area (ha) of plantations and chain of custody certification (FSC, PEFC, etc) certified by FSC, PEFC etc. Action 1.31: Facilitate the enactment of Policy document or legislation on Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 policy/legislation to support ownership by farmers of ownership of trees on farms planted trees on farms STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: Action 2.1: Prepare and publish a forest plantation Forest plantation investor handbook Forest plantation investor handbook published investment promotion Action 2.2: Undertake studies and stakeholder Report on reforestation levy and carbon consultations to support the introduction of a tax study published /submitted Reforestation Levy / Carbon Tax Action 2.3: Expand the coverage of the Timber Number of key timber species exported Export Levy to include all key timber species as air dried lumber increased exported as air-dried lumber. Action 2.4: Facilitate the establishment of a Number and area (ha) of plantations specialized market for the trading of forest traded plantation stands STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: 3: Action 3.1: Recruit labour from fringe communities to Number of workers recruited Establishment and Employment creation and undertake enrichment planting, plantation management livelihoods of planted establishment and maintenance forests Action 3.2: Promote out-grower forest plantation Number of out-growers engaged schemes and establishment of private nurseries Area (ha) of forest plantations under out- grower schemes Number of seedlings produced Action 3.3: Promote the establishment of community Number of community fire protection fire protection crews crews established Action 3.4: Undertake skills and enterprise Number of skills and enterprise development development programs held Number of participants trained Action 3.5: Monitor Implementation of Social Number of and value of infrastructural Responsibility Agreements (i.e. Schools, Clinics, projects implemented Water and Sanitation etc.) within fringe communities. Page 76 Action 3.6: Facilitate infrastructural development Number of and value of infrastructural within forest fringe communities (SRA etc) projects implemented STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Action 4.1: Assess capacity requirements for forest Assessment report Investment in Research, plantation development Extension services and Action 4.2: Design and implement professional Number of professional development Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Capacity Building development programmes at the local and programmes designed and implemented international levels to strengthen institutional Number and category of staff trained capacity in order to improve delivery of services. Action 4.3: Design and implement capacity-building Number of capacity building programs and certification programmes for the private sector organised (i.e. plantation contractors, nursery operators, etc.) Number of private sector players trained to upgrade their skills and knowledge to maintain and certified high operational standards within the industry. Action 4.4: Review curricula of courses in plantation Number of courses reviewed/introduced silviculture and management and introduce on-field Number of vacation attachment attachment programs in line with current best programmes organized practice Action 4.5: Undertake training of FSD staff in best Number of FSD staff trained practice in plantation establishment and management STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Action 4.6: Build capacity of timber processing Number of industry participants trained Establishment and industry to improve efficiency and utilization of small- % increase in volume of small diameter management of planted diameter-logs logs utilized forests Action 4.7: Develop integrated pest management Number of personnel trained (IPM) systems and train personnel to implement the Number of IPMs developed systems for monitoring, detecting and managing outbreak of diseases within plantations. Action 4.8: Develop protocols for mass production of Number of species with protocols selected genetically improved planting materials developed Number of improved planting materials produced Action 4.9: Undertake trials of selected exotic and Number and area (ha) of exotic and indigenous timber tree species (30ha/yr) to indigenous timber tree species tried determine their suitability for plantation establishment and enrichment planting. Action 4.10: Design methodology, collect and analyse Information on species trials produced data on species trials Page 77 Action 4.11: Maintain Species Trial stands Area (ha) of species trial stands maintained Action 4.12: Design and establish permanent sample Number and area (ha) of PSPs plots (PSPs) in representative plantation sites across established the country. Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 4.13: Collect and analyse data from Information on PSPs produced established PSPs Action 4.14. Collaborate with FORIG and other Area (ha) of previously invaded land stakeholders to monitor and develop effective devoid of invasive species methods to control invasive plant species Basal area of invasive tree speies Action 4.15: Design methodology, collect and analyse Information on key tree parameters data on key tree parameters produced Action 4.16: Engage Consultants (2-year) [Tree Number of consultants engaged Breeder, Vegetative Propagation and Tree Nursery Specialist] Action 4.17: Engage Consultants (3-year) [ Number of consultants engaged Plantation Silviculturist with experience in ICT/GIS Reports produced by consultants applications in plantation management, mechanization of field operations, Soil nutrient management, and forest certification] STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Action 4.18: Carry out feasibility study on the Report on feasibility studies Establishment and mechanisation of forest plantation field operations published/submitted management of planted forests Action 4.19: Carry out a study on improving site Report on site productivity management productivity Management. studies published / submitted Action 4.20: Commission a study on benefit sharing Report on BSA studies published / arrangements (BSA) for off-reserve areas submitted Action 4.21: Train FSD staff to provide Extension Number of FSD staff trained Services to Private Sector Forest Plantation Developers and communities Action 4.22: Develop and publish standardized guide Guide book for forest plantation books for forest plantation extension services extension services published Page 78 Action 4.23: Undertake a study to develop allometric Report / paper on allometric modelling models for Key plantation timber species to facilitate published / submitted trading in Carbon. Action 4.24: Undertake international educational Number of international educational Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 tours to model plantation setups (i.e. Malaysia, tours undertaken Brazil, South Africa, Costa Rica, etc.) by key Category of plantation staff participating plantation staff in the tour Action 4.25: Undertake training in conflict Number of disputes / conflicts resolved management STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Action 5.1: Conduct study to identify gaps in current Report on studies published / submitted Governance governance processes Action 5.2: Review existing monitoring and Monitoring and accountability framework accountability framework for plantation document published management Action 5.3: Develop and advertise criteria for Award criteria published in the media selection and award for exceptional performance in (print, radio, internet, TV etc.) plantation development. Governance STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ACTIONS PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIME FRAME (Years) 1-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Action 5.4: Institute award schemes for private Number of exceptional performers Establishment and plantation developers. awarded management of planted Action 5.5: Introduce consultative processes and Number of stakeholders involved / forests systems to involve key stakeholders in decision engaged in decision making making concerning forest plantations. Action 5.6: Liaise with the plant protection Record / report on number and types of department of MoFA to regulate importation of species imported planting material for forest plantation establishment/nurseries Action 5.7: Strengthen enforcement of forest laws Number of cases and persons and regulations prosecuted Action 5.8: Set up a multi-stakeholder advisory Number of stakeholders forming the committee to guide the implementation of the forest committee and background plantation strategy Page 79 Action 5.9: Develop and implement transparent Number of permits issued mechanisms for pricing and allocation of forest Criteria / procedure for pricing and plantation timber. allocation of plantation timber published in the media Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 5.10: Strengthen the existing structures for Number of disputes / conflicts resolved information sharing and conflict management (e.g. National Forest Forum) Action 5.11: Review Current Plantation Development Report on reviewed plantation structure Structure Number of award recipients Action 5.12: Award exceptional performers Number of ICT Systems developed Action 5.13: ICT Systems Development Number of Males and females trained in the ICT system Report / Action 5.14: ICT Training and Capacity Building Number of FC Regions and Districts Trained and Capacity Built Action 5.15: ICT System Maintenance Report on ICT System maintenance ϱϳ

Appendix 5: POTENTIAL NUMBER OF JOBS TO BE CREATED OVER THE 25 YEAR PERIOD ŽƵƉĞͬ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ ŽƵƉĞ dŽƚĂů:ŽďƐ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϬ ϭϭ ϭϮ ϭϯ ϭϰ ϭϱ ϭϲ ϭϳ ϭϴ ϭϵ ϮϬ Ϯϭ ϮϮ Ϯϯ Ϯϰ Ϯϱ ƌĞĂƚĞĚͬzƌ WƌŽũĞĐƚLJĞĂƌ ϭ;ϮϬϭϲͿ ϮϱϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚLJĞĂƌ Ϯ;ϮϬϭϳͿ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϱϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚLJĞĂƌ ϯ;ϮϬϭϴͿ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚLJĞĂƌ ϰ;ϮϬϭϵͿ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϲϮ͕ϱϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚLJĞĂƌ ϱ;ϮϬϮϬͿ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϲ;ϮϬϮϭͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϳ;ϮϬϮϮͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϴ;ϮϬϮϯͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϵ;ϮϬϮϰͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϬ;ϮϬϮϱͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϭ;ϮϬϮϲͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϮ;ϮϬϮϳͿ Page 80 ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϯ;ϮϬϮϴͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϰ;ϮϬϮϵͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϱ;ϮϬϯϬͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϲ;ϮϬϯϭͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϳ;ϮϬϯϮͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϴ;ϮϬϯϯͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϭϵ;ϮϬϯϰͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϮϬ;ϮϬϯϱͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ Ϯϭ;ϮϬϯϲͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ ϮϮ;ϮϬϯϳͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ Ϯϯ;ϮϬϯϴͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ Ϯϰ;ϮϬϯϵͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŽũĞĐƚzĞĂƌ Ϯϱ;ϮϬϰϬͿ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϭϮϱϬϬ ϮϱϬϬϬ ϭϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ dKd> ϭϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϮ͕ϱϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Appendix 6: ACTIONS AND BUDGET GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Establishment and management of planted forests Action 1.1: Identify, survey and map suitable lands within forest reserves for plantation FC 100,000 100,000 50,000 250,000 development Action 1.2: Liaise with the Lands Commission, MLNR, Lands Commission, traditional councils and other landowners to OASL,Traditional Council, FC 50,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 150,000 identify off-reserve lands earmarked for Landowners, Private commercial plantation development Plantation Developers Action 1.3: Develop and maintain a system to update a register on degraded lands available FC 10,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 24,000 for forest plantation (On-reserve and off- reserve) [Land Bank] Action 1.4: Publish database of available on MLNR, Lands Commission, and off-reserve lands (Land bank) for plantation FC 10,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 18,000 OASL, NHC development Action 1.5: Procure genetically improved FORIG, MLNR, MOFA, /superior planting materials of selected exotic FC 200,000 150,000 150,000 100,000 600,000 Private Sector timber tree species Action 1.6: Collect seed from plus native and Page 81 FORIG, Fringe FC 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 exotic timber tree species Communities FORIG, KNUST, UDS, Action 1.7: Establish Seed Orchards of selected UENR, Fringe FC $2000/ha 200,000 400,000 600,000 600,000 200,000 2,000,000 exotic and native timber tree species (1000 ha) Communities, Private Sector Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 FC FORIG, KNUST, UDS, $500/ha (yr2-5) 37,500 65,000 165,000 315,000 465,000 Action 1.8: Maintain / Tend Seed Orchards UENR, Fringe $250/ha (yr6 - 10), (existing and new) / Seed Production Areas Communities, Private $100/ha (yr11 +) 1,047,500 (SPAs) Sector Action 1.9: Develop protocols for mass GAEC, FC, KNUST, Private production of selected genetically improved FORIG 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 Sector planting material Action 1.10: Establish and operate a Tissue FORIG, GAEC, Private Culture Lab and Other Facilities (Vegetative FC 750,000 350,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 1,175,000 Sector Propagation Center) Action 1.11: Establish and operate three (3) State-of-the-Art Central tree nurseries (Kumasi / FORIG, Universities, FC 1,500,000 500,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 2,900,000 Sunyani / Tamale) - 6 million seedlings capacity Private Sector / yr MLNR, FORIG, Universities, Action 1.12: Review existing plantation MoPs FC Private Plantation 30,000 50,000 80,000 (A,B and C) and consolidate into one document Developers Action 1.13: Publish reviewed plantation MoP FC 50,000 50,000 Action 1.14: Develop and publish MoP on FC FORIG, Universities 50,000 30,000 80,000 Enrichment Planting GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.15: Undertake coppice management of an estimated 15,000ha teak plantations Fringe Communities, FC $350/ha 2,625,000 2,625,000 2,625,000 2,625,000 2,625,000 13,125,000 harvested prior to 2016 and 10,000ha annually Private Sector from 2027 Action 1.16: Undertake Enrichment planting in FORIG, Universities, Fringe FC $200/ha 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000 poorly-stocked forest reserves (5,000 ha/yr) Communities Action 1.17: Undertake maintenance of $150/ha (yr2-5) FC Fringe Communities 128,100 878,100 1,628,100 2,378,100 3,128,100 8,140,500 Enrichment Planting sites ( New and Existing) $80/ha (yr6-10) Action 1.18: Undertake replanting of an Fringe Communities, estimated 3,000ha harvested forest plantations FC $1,500/ha 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 4,500,000 Private Sector (species other than teak). Fringe Communities, $500/ha (yr2-5), Action 1.19: Maintain replanted sites (3000 ha) FC $300/ha (yr6-10), 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 4,500,000 Private Sector $100/ha (yr11+) Private Developers, Loggers, GFS, Fringe Action 1.20: Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire FC Communities, Civil society, 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 management Media, Ghana Police Service Action 1.21: Construct fire rides (10-meter Fringe Communities, wide) within existing government plantations FC Feeder roads, MMDAs, $500/km 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 2,400,000 9,600,000 (160,000ha) [Est. 19,200 km) Private sector Action 1.22: Maintain / rehabilitate an estimated Page 82 FC/Private 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha Fringe Communities $350/ha 82,250,000 82,250,000 82,250,000 82,250,000 82,250,000 411,250,000 Sector private) existing forest plantations Action 1.23: Establish new plantations [25,000 FC/Private Fringe Communities $1500/ha 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 187,500,000 ha/yr] Sector $600/ha (yr 2-5) Action 1.24: Maintain newly established FC/Private 15,000,000 30,000,000 45,000,000 60,000,000 150,000,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Fringe Communities $300/ha (yr6-10), plantations Sector $100 (yr11+) FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.25: Establish Model Plantations for FC Universities, Fringe $2000/ha 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 2,000,000 demonstration of best practice (200 ha/yr) Communities FORIG, Private Sector, $600/ha (yr2-5) Action 1.26: Maintain existing (378ha) and FC Universities, Fringe $300/ha (yr6-10), 113,400 233,400 353,400 473,400 517,800 1,691,400 newly established (200ha/yr) Model Plantations Communities $100/ha (yr11+) Action 1.27: Promote agro-forestry/farm FC/MoFA/ Farmers, Nursery forestry (trees on farm); [extension services and 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 9,250,000 COCOBOD Operators, etc. supply 5 million seedlings/yr] Action 1.28: Liaise with Minerals Commission to Minerals Commission, FC / EPA 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 rehabilitate mined sites Mining Companies Action 1.29: Liaise with Water Resources Water Resources Commission,VRA, GWCL, others to rehabilitate FC Commission, VRA, EPA, 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 degraded watersheds others Action 1.30: Procure key logistics for field operations/monitoring and supervision (i.e. Vehicles, motorbikes, GPS, pruning saws, FC MLNR, MoFEP 3,000,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 pruning shears, chainsaws, protective clothing, first aid and safety equipment etc.) GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.31: Facilitate forest plantations management and chain of custody certification FC MLNR 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 (FSC, PEFC, etc) Action 1.32: Facilitate the enactment of FC, AG Dept., policy/legislation to support ownership by MLNR Parliamentary Select 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 farmers of planted trees on farms Committee Action 1.33: Promote the development of NTFPs FC FORIG, MoFA, MLNR 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 80,000 within forest plantations SUB TOTAL 133,624,000 148,203,500 164,168,500 179,085,500 197,479,900 822,561,400 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: Forest plantation investment promotion Action 2.1: Prepare and publish a forest FORIG, Private Plantation FC 50,000 50,000 100,000 plantation investor handbook Developers, MLNR Action 2.2: Undertake studies and stakeholder consultations to support the introduction of a FC/ MLNR, Civil society, 100,000 100,000 100,000 300,000 Reforestation Levy / Carbon Tax, etc. to support Consultant MOFEP, AGI, PURC, MESTI forest plantation development Action 2.3: Expand the coverage of the Timber Export Levy to include all key timber species FC MLNR, MOFEP 10,000 10,000 20,000 exported as air-dried lumber. Action 2.4: Facilitate the establishment of a MLNR, Ghana Stoclk FC/ specialized market for the trading of forest Exchange, Min. of Trade, 50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000 Page 83 Consultant plantation stands MOFEP FC, AG Dept., Action 2.5: Facilitate the enactment of Forest Parliamentary Select MLNR 50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000 Plantation Act Committee, Forest Plantation Investors Action 2.6: Establish and Manage forest Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 MLNR, Forest Plantation plantation investors (large, medium, small) FC 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 Investors forum Action 2.7: Support Tree Grower Group MLNR, Tree Grower FC 10,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 70,000 formation and operation Associations SUBTOTAL 190,000 300,000 240,000 130,000 30,000 890,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: Employment creation and livelihoods Action 3.1: Recruit labour from fringe FC / Private communities to undertake enrichment planting, MDA, Fringe Communities Sector plantation establishment and maintenance 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Action 3.2: Promote out-grower forest FC / plantation schemes and establishment of private Private Fringe Communities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 nurseries Sector 25,000 Action 3.3: Promote the establishment of Fringe Communities, MDA, FC / GFS 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 community fire protection crews Private Sector 500,000 Action 3.4: Undertake skills and enterprise FC /Private MDA, Fringe Communities, 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 development Sector Consultants 500,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 3.5. Monitor Implementation of Social Traditional Council, OASL, Responsibility Agreements (i.e. Schools, Clinics, FC MLGRD, MLNR, GES, GHS, 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Water and Sanitation etc.) within fringe Private Sector communities. 50,000 Action 3.6: Facilitate infrastructural FC / Private development within forest fringe communities MDA 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Sector (SRA etc) 500,000 SUBTOTAL 325,000.00 325,000.00 325,000.00 325,000.00 325,000.00 1,625,000.00 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Investment in Research, Extension services and Capacity Building Action 4.1: Assess capacity requirements for Consultants Private Sector, Fringe 50,000 50,000 20,000 120,000 forest plantation development / FC Communities Action 4.2: Design and implement professional development programmes at the local and international levels to strengthen institutional FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000 capacity in order to improve delivery of services. Action 4.3: Design and implement capacity- building and certification programmes for the private sector to upgrade their skills and FC Consultant, MLNR 30,000 20,000 20,000 70,000 knowledge to maintain high operational standards within the industry. Page 84 Action 4.4: Review curricula of courses in plantation silviculture and management and FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 20,000 20,000 40,000 introduce on-field attachment programs in line with current best practice Action 4.5: Undertake training of FSD staff in FC/ best practice in plantation establishment and FORIG, KNUST, UDS 200,000 200,000 400,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Consultant management Action 4.6: Build capacity of timber processing GTMO, FAWAG, Aid to industry to improve efficiency and utilization of FC 50,000 50,000 100,000 Artisans, etc. small-diameter-logs Action 4.7: Develop integrated pest management systems and train personnel to implement the systems for monitoring, FORIG KNUST; FFRT; FC 50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000 detecting and managing outbreak of diseases within plantations. Action 4.9: Undertake trials of selected exotic and indigenous timber tree species (50ha/yr) to FC / FORIG Universities $2500/ha 125,000 125,000 125,000 125,000 125,000 625,000 determine their suitability for plantation establishment and enrichment planting. Action 4.10: Design methodology, collect and FC / FORIG Universities 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 70,000 analyse data on species trials $600/ha(yr 2-5) Action 4.11: Maintain Species Trial stands FC $300/ha (yr6-10), 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 300,000 $100 (yr11+) Action 4.12: Design and establish permanent FORIG, Universities, sample plots (PSPs) in representative plantation FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Private Developers sites across the country. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.13: Collect and analyse data from FORIG, Universities, FC 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 established PSPs Private Developers Action 4.14. Collaborate with FORIG and other stakeholders to monitor and develop effective FC / FORIG Universities 50,000 50,000 100,000 methods to control invasive plant species Action 4.15: Design methodology, collect and FC / Universities 10,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 85,000 analyse data on key tree parameters FORIG Action 4.16: Engage Consultants (2-year) [Tree MLNR / FC / Breeder, Vegetative Propagation and Tree FORIG, UG, KNUST, UDS 250,000 250,000 500,000 DPs Nursery Specialist] Action 4.17: Engage Consultants (3-year) [Plantation Silviculturist with experience in ICT / GIS applications in plantation management, Consultant FC, MLNR, FORIG 150,000 150,000 150,000 450,000 mechanization of field operations, Soil nutrient management, and forest certification] Action 4.18: Carry out feasibility study on the FC, FORIG, Universities, mechanisation of forest plantation field Consultant 50,000 30,000 80,000 Private Sector operations Action 4.19: Carry out a study on improving site FC, FORIG, Universities, Consultant 50,000 50,000 100,000 productivity Management. Private Sector FC, FORIG, Universities, Action 4.20: Commission a study on benefit Consultant Private Sector, Traditional 50,000 50,000 sharing arrangements for off-reserve areas Page 85 Authorities Action 4.21: Train FSD staff to provide FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private Extension Services to Private Sector Forest 20,000 100,000 200,000 100,000 420,000 Consultant Sector, Universities Plantation Developers and communities Action 4.22: Develop and publish standardized FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private guide books for forest plantation extension 50,000 100,000 150,000 Consultant Sector, Universities Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 services Action 4.23: Undertake a study to develop FC, Universities, Private allometric models for Key plantation timber FORIG 100,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 Sector species to facilitate trading in Carbon. Action 4.24: Undertake international educational tours to model plantation setups (i.e. Malaysia, FORIG, MLNR, Private FC 120,000 100,000 100,000 320,000 Brazil, South Africa, Costa Rica, etc.) by key Sector plantation staff FC/ Private Sector, Fringe Action 4.25: Training in conflict management 50,000 20,000 20,000 90,000 Consultant Communities Action 4.26: Build capacity of tree grower associations in group formation, administration, FORIG, KNUST, UDS, FC 30,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 130,000 access to markets and product development & UENR provide technical support Action 4.27: Support farmer field schools and FC / MoFA / FORIG, KNUST, UDS, demonstrations on good agroforestry practices 50,000 80,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 430,000 COCOBOD UENR and integrated nature-based livelihood options Ghana Armed Forces, Action 4.28:Train and Build capacity of Forest MLNR, Ghana Police Guards and Rapid Response Teams in Forest FC 50,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 400,000 Service, Attorney Generals Protection and Law Enforcement Dept. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.29: Build capacity of Community-base FC Fringe Communities 50,000 50,000 50,000 30,000 30,000 210,000 Organizations in Forest Protection SUB TOTAL 1,625,000 1,550,000 1,175,000 865,000 595,000 5,810,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Governance FC, MLGRD, Civil Society, Action 5.1: Conduct study to identify gaps in FC / GTA, GTMO, FAWAG, 50,000 50,000 100,000 current governance processes Consultant National House of Chiefs (NHC) Action 5.2: Review existing monitoring and FC / MLNR, Civil Society, accountability framework for plantation 30,000 20,000 50,000 Consultant GIF,NHC management Action 5.3: Develop and advertise criteria for selection and award for exceptional FC / MLNR; Civil Society, GIF 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 performance in plantation development. Consultant Action 5.4: Institute award schemes for private FC / MLNR, Civil Society, GIF 20,000 20,000 40,000 plantation developers. Consultant MLNR, Land Owners, Action 5.5: Introduce consultative processes Private Planatation and systems to involve key stakeholders in FC 10,000 10,000 20,000 Developers,FORIG, decision making concerning forest plantations. Universities Action 5.6: Liaise with the plant protection department of MoFA to regulate importation of 2,000 2,000 2,000 6,000 Page 86 planting material for forest plantation establishment/nurseries Action 5.7: Strengthen enforcement of forest FC MLNR, 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 laws and regulations Action 5.8: Set up a multi-stakeholder advisory Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 committee to guide the implementation of the FC MLNR, FPTSC 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 60,000 forest plantation strategy Action 5.9: Develop and implement transparent MLNR; Civil Society, GIF, FC/ mechanisms for pricing and allocation of forest Private Sector (i.e. GTMO, 25,000 30,000 25,000 80,000 Consultant plantation timber. GTA, etc.), NHC, FPTSC Action 5.10: Strengthen the existing structures MLNR, Civil Society, for information sharing and conflict FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 GIF,NHC management (e.g. National Forest Forum) Action 5.11: Review Current Plantation FC 10,000 10,000 30,000 50,000 Development Structure Action 5.12: Award exceptional performers FC MLNR, Civil Society, 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 SUB TOTAL 202,000 247,000 142,000 125,000 95,000 811,000 Monitoring and Evaluation MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.1: Carry out baseline studies 80,000 20,000 100,000 Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Yearly Projected costs (US Dollars) Unit Cost Per Responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL (YR 1 - 5) Projected Costs Activity ($/units) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 6.2: Develop ICT/GIS infrastructure to facilitate data capture, storage and retrieval, FC Consultant 50,000 20,000 70,000 long-term planning and improve decision- making regarding field operations MLNR, Development Action 6. 3: Progress monitoring and reporting Partners, Civil Society, FC 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 on planned activities FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI Action 6. 4: Publication and dissemination of FC MLNR 35,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 155,000 Annual Reports to key stakeholders MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.5: Conduct summative evaluation - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI, FPTSC SUB TOTAL 365,000 270,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 1,325,000 GRAND TOTAL 136,331,000 150,895,500 166,280,500 180,760,500 198,754,900 833,022,400 Page 87 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Appendix 6: ACTIONS AND BUDGET GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Establishment and management of planted forests Action 1.1: Identify, survey and map suitable lands within forest reserves for plantation FC - development Action 1.2: Liaise with the Lands Commission, MLNR, Lands Commission, traditional councils and other landowners to OASL,Traditional Council, FC - identify off-reserve lands earmarked for Landowners, Private commercial plantation development Plantation Developers Action 1.3: Develop and maintain a system to update a register on degraded lands available FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 for forest plantation (On-reserve and off- reserve) [Land Bank] Action 1.4: Publish database of available on MLNR, Lands Commission, and off-reserve lands (Land bank) for plantation FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 OASL, NHC development Action 1.5: Procure genetically improved FORIG, MLNR, MOFA, /superior planting materials of selected exotic FC - Private Sector timber tree species Action 1.6: Collect seed from plus native and FORIG, Fringe FC 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 Page 88 exotic timber tree species Communities FORIG, KNUST, UDS, Action 1.7: Establish Seed Orchards of selected UENR, Fringe FC - exotic and native timber tree species (1000 ha) Communities, Private Sector FC FORIG, KNUST, UDS, 490,000 440,000 365,000 290,000 265,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 1.8: Maintain / Tend Seed Orchards UENR, Fringe (existing and new) / Seed Production Areas Communities, Private 1,850,000 (SPAs) Sector Action 1.9: Develop protocols for mass GAEC, FC, KNUST, Private production of selected genetically improved FORIG - Sector planting material Action 1.10: Establish and operate a Tissue FORIG, GAEC, Private Culture Lab and Other Facilities (Vegetative FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Sector Propagation Center) Action 1.11: Establish and operate three (3) State-of-the-Art Central tree nurseries (Kumasi / FORIG, Universities, FC 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000 Sunyani / Tamale) - 6 million seedlings capacity Private Sector / yr MLNR, FORIG, Universities, Action 1.12: Review existing plantation MoPs FC Private Plantation - (A,B and C) and consolidate into one document Developers Action 1.13: Publish reviewed plantation MoP FC - Action 1.14: Develop and publish MoP on FC FORIG, Universities - Enrichment Planting GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.15: Undertake coppice management of an estimated 15,000ha teak plantations Fringe Communities, FC 2,625,000 2,625,000 harvested prior to 2016 and 10,000ha annually Private Sector from 2027 Action 1.16: Undertake Enrichment planting in FORIG, Universities, Fringe FC 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000 poorly-stocked forest reserves (5,000 ha/yr) Communities Action 1.17: Undertake maintenance of FC Fringe Communities 3,468,320 3,868,320 4,268,320 4,668,320 5,068,320 21,341,600 Enrichment Planting sites ( New and Existing) Action 1.18: Undertake replanting of an Fringe Communities, estimated 3,000ha harvested forest plantations FC - Private Sector (species other than teak). Fringe Communities, Action 1.19: Maintain replanted sites (3000 ha) FC 1,300,000 1,100,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 5,100,000 Private Sector Private Developers, Loggers, GFS, Fringe Action 1.20: Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire FC Communities, Civil society, 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 management Media, Ghana Police Service Action 1.21: Construct fire rides (10-meter Fringe Communities, wide) within existing government plantations FC Feeder roads, MMDAs, - (160,000ha) [Est. 19,200 km) Private sector Action 1.22: Maintain / rehabilitate an estimated FC/Private 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha Fringe Communities - Page 89 Sector private) existing forest plantations Action 1.23: Establish new plantations [25,000 FC/Private Fringe Communities 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 187,500,000 ha/yr] Sector Action 1.24: Maintain newly established FC/Private Fringe Communities 67,500,000 75,000,000 82,500,000 90,000,000 97,500,000 412,500,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 plantations Sector FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.25: Establish Model Plantations for FC Universities, Fringe - demonstration of best practice (200 ha/yr) Communities FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.26: Maintain existing (378ha) and FC Universities, Fringe 577,800 517,800 457,800 397,800 337,800 2,289,000 newly established (200ha/yr) Model Plantations Communities Action 1.27: Promote agro-forestry/farm FC/MoFA/ Farmers, Nursery forestry (trees on farm); [extension services and 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 9,250,000 COCOBOD Operators, etc. supply 5 million seedlings/yr] Action 1.28: Liaise with Minerals Commission to Minerals Commission, FC / EPA 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 rehabilitate mined sites Mining Companies Action 1.29: Liaise with Water Resources Water Resources Commission,VRA, GWCL, others to rehabilitate FC Commission, VRA, EPA, 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 degraded watersheds others Action 1.30: Procure key logistics for field operations/monitoring and supervision (i.e. Vehicles, motorbikes, GPS, pruning saws, FC MLNR, MoFEP 3,000,000 3,000,000 pruning shears, chainsaws, protective clothing, first aid and safety equipment etc.) GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.31: Facilitate forest plantations management and chain of custody certification FC MLNR 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 (FSC, PEFC, etc) Action 1.32: Facilitate the enactment of FC, AG Dept., policy/legislation to support ownership by MLNR Parliamentary Select 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 farmers of planted trees on farms Committee Action 1.33: Promote the development of NTFPs FC FORIG, MoFA, MLNR 20,000 20,000 within forest plantations SUB TOTAL 116,930,120 121,875,120 129,440,120 140,205,120 145,020,120 653,470,600 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: Forest plantation investment promotion Action 2.1: Prepare and publish a forest FORIG, Private Plantation FC 20,000 20,000 plantation investor handbook Developers, MLNR Action 2.2: Undertake studies and stakeholder consultations to support the introduction of a FC/ MLNR, Civil society, - Reforestation Levy / Carbon Tax, etc. to support Consultant MOFEP, AGI, PURC, MESTI forest plantation development Action 2.3: Expand the coverage of the Timber Export Levy to include all key timber species FC MLNR, MOFEP - exported as air-dried lumber. Action 2.4: Facilitate the establishment of a MLNR, Ghana Stoclk FC/ specialized market for the trading of forest Exchange, Min. of Trade, - Consultant plantation stands Page 90 MOFEP FC, AG Dept., Action 2.5: Facilitate the enactment of Forest Parliamentary Select MLNR - Plantation Act Committee, Forest Plantation Investors Action 2.6: Establish and Manage forest Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 MLNR, Forest Plantation plantation investors (large, medium, small) FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Investors forum Action 2.7: Support Tree Grower Group MLNR, Tree Grower FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 formation and operation Associations SUBTOTAL 40,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 120,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: Employment creation and livelihoods Action 3.1: Recruit labour from fringe FC / Private communities to undertake enrichment planting, MDA, Fringe Communities Sector plantation establishment and maintenance 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Action 3.2: Promote out-grower forest FC / plantation schemes and establishment of private Private Fringe Communities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 nurseries Sector 25,000 Action 3.3: Promote the establishment of Fringe Communities, MDA, FC / GFS 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 community fire protection crews Private Sector 500,000 Action 3.4: Undertake skills and enterprise FC /Private MDA, Fringe Communities, 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 development Sector Consultants 500,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 3.5. Monitor Implementation of Social Traditional Council, OASL, Responsibility Agreements (i.e. Schools, Clinics, FC MLGRD, MLNR, GES, GHS, 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Water and Sanitation etc.) within fringe Private Sector communities. 50,000 Action 3.6: Facilitate infrastructural FC / Private development within forest fringe communities MDA 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Sector (SRA etc) 500,000 SUBTOTAL 325,000.00 325,000.00 325,000.00 325,000.00 325,000.00 1,625,000.00 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Investment in Research, Extension services and Capacity Building Action 4.1: Assess capacity requirements for Consultants Private Sector, Fringe - forest plantation development / FC Communities Action 4.2: Design and implement professional development programmes at the local and international levels to strengthen institutional FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 50,000 50,000 100,000 capacity in order to improve delivery of services. Action 4.3: Design and implement capacity- building and certification programmes for the private sector to upgrade their skills and FC Consultant, MLNR - knowledge to maintain high operational standards within the industry. Page 91 Action 4.4: Review curricula of courses in plantation silviculture and management and FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 20,000 20,000 introduce on-field attachment programs in line with current best practice Action 4.5: Undertake training of FSD staff in FC/ Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 best practice in plantation establishment and FORIG, KNUST, UDS 200,000 200,000 400,000 Consultant management Action 4.6: Build capacity of timber processing GTMO, FAWAG, Aid to industry to improve efficiency and utilization of FC 50,000 50,000 100,000 Artisans, etc. small-diameter-logs Action 4.7: Develop integrated pest management systems and train personnel to implement the systems for monitoring, FORIG KNUST; FFRT; FC - detecting and managing outbreak of diseases within plantations. Action 4.9: Undertake trials of selected exotic and indigenous timber tree species (50ha/yr) to FC / FORIG Universities 125,000 125,000 125,000 125,000 125,000 625,000 determine their suitability for plantation establishment and enrichment planting. Action 4.10: Design methodology, collect and FC / FORIG Universities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000 analyse data on species trials Action 4.11: Maintain Species Trial stands FC 135,000 150,000 165,000 180,000 195,000 825,000 Action 4.12: Design and establish permanent FORIG, Universities, sample plots (PSPs) in representative plantation FC 10,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 Private Developers sites across the country. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.13: Collect and analyse data from FORIG, Universities, FC 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 established PSPs Private Developers Action 4.14. Collaborate with FORIG and other stakeholders to monitor and develop effective FC / FORIG Universities 50,000 50,000 methods to control invasive plant species Action 4.15: Design methodology, collect and FC / Universities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 analyse data on key tree parameters FORIG Action 4.16: Engage Consultants (2-year) [Tree MLNR / FC / Breeder, Vegetative Propagation and Tree FORIG, UG, KNUST, UDS - DPs Nursery Specialist] Action 4.17: Engage Consultants (3-year) [Plantation Silviculturist with experience in ICT / GIS applications in plantation management, Consultant FC, MLNR, FORIG - mechanization of field operations, Soil nutrient management, and forest certification] Action 4.18: Carry out feasibility study on the FC, FORIG, Universities, mechanisation of forest plantation field Consultant - Private Sector operations Action 4.19: Carry out a study on improving site FC, FORIG, Universities, Consultant - productivity Management. Private Sector FC, FORIG, Universities, Action 4.20: Commission a study on benefit Consultant Private Sector, Traditional - sharing arrangements for off-reserve areas Page 92 Authorities Action 4.21: Train FSD staff to provide FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private Extension Services to Private Sector Forest - Consultant Sector, Universities Plantation Developers and communities Action 4.22: Develop and publish standardized FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private guide books for forest plantation extension - Consultant Sector, Universities Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 services Action 4.23: Undertake a study to develop FC, Universities, Private allometric models for Key plantation timber FORIG - Sector species to facilitate trading in Carbon. Action 4.24: Undertake international educational tours to model plantation setups (i.e. Malaysia, FORIG, MLNR, Private FC 100,000 50,000 150,000 Brazil, South Africa, Costa Rica, etc.) by key Sector plantation staff FC/ Private Sector, Fringe Action 4.25: Training in conflict management - Consultant Communities Action 4.26: Build capacity of tree grower associations in group formation, administration, FORIG, KNUST, UDS, FC 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 access to markets and product development & UENR provide technical support Action 4.27: Support farmer field schools and FC / MoFA / FORIG, KNUST, UDS, demonstrations on good agroforestry practices 80,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 280,000 COCOBOD UENR and integrated nature-based livelihood options Ghana Armed Forces, Action 4.28:Train and Build capacity of Forest MLNR, Ghana Police Guards and Rapid Response Teams in Forest FC 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 Service, Attorney Generals Protection and Law Enforcement Dept. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.29: Build capacity of Community-base FC Fringe Communities 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 Organizations in Forest Protection SUB TOTAL 630,000 725,000 575,000 535,000 755,000 3,220,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Governance FC, MLGRD, Civil Society, Action 5.1: Conduct study to identify gaps in FC / GTA, GTMO, FAWAG, - current governance processes Consultant National House of Chiefs (NHC) Action 5.2: Review existing monitoring and FC / MLNR, Civil Society, accountability framework for plantation - Consultant GIF,NHC management Action 5.3: Develop and advertise criteria for selection and award for exceptional FC / MLNR; Civil Society, GIF 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 performance in plantation development. Consultant Action 5.4: Institute award schemes for private FC / MLNR, Civil Society, GIF - plantation developers. Consultant MLNR, Land Owners, Action 5.5: Introduce consultative processes Private Planatation and systems to involve key stakeholders in FC - Developers,FORIG, decision making concerning forest plantations. Universities Action 5.6: Liaise with the plant protection Page 93 department of MoFA to regulate importation of - planting material for forest plantation establishment/nurseries Action 5.7: Strengthen enforcement of forest FC MLNR, 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 laws and regulations Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 5.8: Set up a multi-stakeholder advisory committee to guide the implementation of the FC MLNR, FPTSC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 forest plantation strategy Action 5.9: Develop and implement transparent MLNR; Civil Society, GIF, FC/ mechanisms for pricing and allocation of forest Private Sector (i.e. GTMO, - Consultant plantation timber. GTA, etc.), NHC, FPTSC Action 5.10: Strengthen the existing structures MLNR, Civil Society, for information sharing and conflict FC - GIF,NHC management (e.g. National Forest Forum) Action 5.11: Review Current Plantation FC - Development Structure Action 5.12: Award exceptional performers FC MLNR, Civil Society, 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 SUB TOTAL 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 475,000 Monitoring and Evaluation MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.1: Carry out baseline studies - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL (YR 5 - 10) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 6.2: Develop ICT/GIS infrastructure to facilitate data capture, storage and retrieval, FC Consultant 2,000,000 2,000,000 long-term planning and improve decision- making regarding field operations MLNR, Development Action 6. 3: Progress monitoring and reporting Partners, Civil Society, FC 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 on planned activities FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI Action 6. 4: Publication and dissemination of FC MLNR 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 Annual Reports to key stakeholders MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.5: Conduct summative evaluation - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI, FPTSC SUB TOTAL 230,000 2,230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 3,150,000 GRAND TOTAL 118,250,120 125,270,120 130,685,120 141,410,120 146,445,120 662,060,600 Page 94 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Appendix 6: ACTIONS AND BUDGET GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Establishment and management of planted forests Action 1.1: Identify, survey and map suitable lands within forest reserves for plantation FC - development Action 1.2: Liaise with the Lands Commission, MLNR, Lands Commission, traditional councils and other landowners to OASL,Traditional Council, FC - identify off-reserve lands earmarked for Landowners, Private commercial plantation development Plantation Developers Action 1.3: Develop and maintain a system to update a register on degraded lands available FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 for forest plantation (On-reserve and off- reserve) [Land Bank] Action 1.4: Publish database of available on MLNR, Lands Commission, and off-reserve lands (Land bank) for plantation FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 OASL, NHC development Action 1.5: Procure genetically improved FORIG, MLNR, MOFA, /superior planting materials of selected exotic FC - Private Sector timber tree species Action 1.6: Collect seed from plus native and FORIG, Fringe Page 95 FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 exotic timber tree species Communities FORIG, KNUST, UDS, Action 1.7: Establish Seed Orchards of selected UENR, Fringe FC - exotic and native timber tree species (1000 ha) Communities, Private Sector FC FORIG, KNUST, UDS, 250,000 220,000 175,000 130,000 115,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 1.8: Maintain / Tend Seed Orchards UENR, Fringe (existing and new) / Seed Production Areas Communities, Private 890,000 (SPAs) Sector Action 1.9: Develop protocols for mass GAEC, FC, KNUST, Private production of selected genetically improved FORIG - Sector planting material Action 1.10: Establish and operate a Tissue FORIG, GAEC, Private Culture Lab and Other Facilities (Vegetative FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Sector Propagation Center) Action 1.11: Establish and operate three (3) State-of-the-Art Central tree nurseries (Kumasi / FORIG, Universities, FC 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000 Sunyani / Tamale) - 6 million seedlings capacity Private Sector / yr MLNR, FORIG, Universities, Action 1.12: Review existing plantation MoPs FC Private Plantation - (A,B and C) and consolidate into one document Developers Action 1.13: Publish reviewed plantation MoP FC - Action 1.14: Develop and publish MoP on FC FORIG, Universities - Enrichment Planting GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.15: Undertake coppice management of an estimated 15,000ha teak plantations Fringe Communities, FC 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 10,500,000 harvested prior to 2016 and 10,000ha annually Private Sector from 2027 Action 1.16: Undertake Enrichment planting in FORIG, Universities, Fringe FC 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000 poorly-stocked forest reserves (5,000 ha/yr) Communities Action 1.17: Undertake maintenance of FC Fringe Communities 5,468,320 5,868,320 6,268,320 6,668,320 7,068,320 31,341,600 Enrichment Planting sites ( New and Existing) Action 1.18: Undertake replanting of an Fringe Communities, estimated 3,000ha harvested forest plantations FC - Private Sector (species other than teak). Fringe Communities, Action 1.19: Maintain replanted sites (3000 ha) FC 700,000 500,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 2,100,000 Private Sector Private Developers, Loggers, GFS, Fringe Action 1.20: Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire FC Communities, Civil society, 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 management Media, Ghana Police Service Action 1.21: Construct fire rides (10-meter Fringe Communities, wide) within existing government plantations FC Feeder roads, MMDAs, - (160,000ha) [Est. 19,200 km) Private sector Action 1.22: Maintain / rehabilitate an estimated FC/Private 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha Fringe Communities - Page 96 Sector private) existing forest plantations Action 1.23: Establish new plantations [25,000 FC/Private Fringe Communities 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 187,500,000 ha/yr] Sector Action 1.24: Maintain newly established FC/Private Fringe Communities 100,000,000 102,500,000 105,000,000 107,500,000 110,000,000 525,000,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 plantations Sector FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.25: Establish Model Plantations for FC Universities, Fringe - demonstration of best practice (200 ha/yr) Communities FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.26: Maintain existing (378ha) and FC Universities, Fringe 297,800 257,800 217,800 177,800 137,800 1,089,000 newly established (200ha/yr) Model Plantations Communities Action 1.27: Promote agro-forestry/farm FC/MoFA/ Farmers, Nursery forestry (trees on farm); [extension services and 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 9,250,000 COCOBOD Operators, etc. supply 5 million seedlings/yr] Action 1.28: Liaise with Minerals Commission to Minerals Commission, FC / EPA 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 rehabilitate mined sites Mining Companies Action 1.29: Liaise with Water Resources Water Resources Commission,VRA, GWCL, others to rehabilitate FC Commission, VRA, EPA, 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 degraded watersheds others Action 1.30: Procure key logistics for field operations/monitoring and supervision (i.e. Vehicles, motorbikes, GPS, pruning saws, FC MLNR, MoFEP 3,000,000 3,000,000 pruning shears, chainsaws, protective clothing, first aid and safety equipment etc.) GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.31: Facilitate forest plantations management and chain of custody certification FC MLNR 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 (FSC, PEFC, etc) Action 1.32: Facilitate the enactment of FC, AG Dept., policy/legislation to support ownership by MLNR Parliamentary Select 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 farmers of planted trees on farms Committee Action 1.33: Promote the development of NTFPs FC FORIG, MoFA, MLNR - within forest plantations SUB TOTAL 147,655,120 150,285,120 159,400,120 159,215,120 162,060,120 778,615,600 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: Forest plantation investment promotion Action 2.1: Prepare and publish a forest FORIG, Private Plantation FC - plantation investor handbook Developers, MLNR Action 2.2: Undertake studies and stakeholder consultations to support the introduction of a FC/ MLNR, Civil society, - Reforestation Levy / Carbon Tax, etc. to support Consultant MOFEP, AGI, PURC, MESTI forest plantation development Action 2.3: Expand the coverage of the Timber Export Levy to include all key timber species FC MLNR, MOFEP - exported as air-dried lumber. Action 2.4: Facilitate the establishment of a MLNR, Ghana Stoclk FC/ specialized market for the trading of forest Exchange, Min. of Trade, - Consultant plantation stands MOFEP Page 97 FC, AG Dept., Action 2.5: Facilitate the enactment of Forest Parliamentary Select MLNR - Plantation Act Committee, Forest Plantation Investors Action 2.6: Establish and Manage forest Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 MLNR, Forest Plantation plantation investors (large, medium, small) FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Investors forum Action 2.7: Support Tree Grower Group MLNR, Tree Grower FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 formation and operation Associations SUBTOTAL 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: Employment creation and livelihoods Action 3.1: Recruit labour from fringe FC / Private communities to undertake enrichment planting, MDA, Fringe Communities Sector plantation establishment and maintenance 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Action 3.2: Promote out-grower forest FC / plantation schemes and establishment of private Private Fringe Communities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 nurseries Sector 25,000 Action 3.3: Promote the establishment of Fringe Communities, MDA, FC / GFS 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 community fire protection crews Private Sector 500,000 Action 3.4: Undertake skills and enterprise FC /Private MDA, Fringe Communities, 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 development Sector Consultants 500,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 3.5. Monitor Implementation of Social Traditional Council, OASL, Responsibility Agreements (i.e. Schools, Clinics, FC MLGRD, MLNR, GES, GHS, Water and Sanitation etc.) within fringe Private Sector communities. - Action 3.6: Facilitate infrastructural FC / Private development within forest fringe communities MDA 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Sector (SRA etc) 500,000 SUBTOTAL 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 1,575,000.00 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Investment in Research, Extension services and Capacity Building Action 4.1: Assess capacity requirements for Consultants Private Sector, Fringe - forest plantation development / FC Communities Action 4.2: Design and implement professional development programmes at the local and international levels to strengthen institutional FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG - capacity in order to improve delivery of services. Action 4.3: Design and implement capacity- building and certification programmes for the private sector to upgrade their skills and FC Consultant, MLNR - knowledge to maintain high operational standards within the industry. Page 98 Action 4.4: Review curricula of courses in plantation silviculture and management and FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 20,000 20,000 introduce on-field attachment programs in line with current best practice Action 4.5: Undertake training of FSD staff in FC/ best practice in plantation establishment and FORIG, KNUST, UDS - Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Consultant management Action 4.6: Build capacity of timber processing GTMO, FAWAG, Aid to industry to improve efficiency and utilization of FC - Artisans, etc. small-diameter-logs Action 4.7: Develop integrated pest management systems and train personnel to implement the systems for monitoring, FORIG KNUST; FFRT; FC - detecting and managing outbreak of diseases within plantations. Action 4.9: Undertake trials of selected exotic and indigenous timber tree species (50ha/yr) to FC / FORIG Universities - determine their suitability for plantation establishment and enrichment planting. Action 4.10: Design methodology, collect and FC / FORIG Universities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 analyse data on species trials Action 4.11: Maintain Species Trial stands FC 210,000 195,000 180,000 165,000 150,000 900,000 Action 4.12: Design and establish permanent FORIG, Universities, sample plots (PSPs) in representative plantation FC 5,000 5,000 10,000 Private Developers sites across the country. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.13: Collect and analyse data from FORIG, Universities, FC 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 established PSPs Private Developers Action 4.14. Collaborate with FORIG and other stakeholders to monitor and develop effective FC / FORIG Universities - methods to control invasive plant species Action 4.15: Design methodology, collect and FC / Universities - analyse data on key tree parameters FORIG Action 4.16: Engage Consultants (2-year) [Tree MLNR / FC / Breeder, Vegetative Propagation and Tree FORIG, UG, KNUST, UDS - DPs Nursery Specialist] Action 4.17: Engage Consultants (3-year) [Plantation Silviculturist with experience in ICT / GIS applications in plantation management, Consultant FC, MLNR, FORIG - mechanization of field operations, Soil nutrient management, and forest certification] Action 4.18: Carry out feasibility study on the FC, FORIG, Universities, mechanisation of forest plantation field Consultant - Private Sector operations Action 4.19: Carry out a study on improving site FC, FORIG, Universities, Consultant - productivity Management. Private Sector FC, FORIG, Universities, Action 4.20: Commission a study on benefit Consultant Private Sector, Traditional - sharing arrangements for off-reserve areas Authorities Page 99 Action 4.21: Train FSD staff to provide FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private Extension Services to Private Sector Forest - Consultant Sector, Universities Plantation Developers and communities Action 4.22: Develop and publish standardized FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private guide books for forest plantation extension - Consultant Sector, Universities Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 services Action 4.23: Undertake a study to develop FC, Universities, Private allometric models for Key plantation timber FORIG - Sector species to facilitate trading in Carbon. Action 4.24: Undertake international educational tours to model plantation setups (i.e. Malaysia, FORIG, MLNR, Private FC - Brazil, South Africa, Costa Rica, etc.) by key Sector plantation staff FC/ Private Sector, Fringe Action 4.25: Training in conflict management - Consultant Communities Action 4.26: Build capacity of tree grower associations in group formation, administration, FORIG, KNUST, UDS, FC 20,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 70,000 access to markets and product development & UENR provide technical support Action 4.27: Support farmer field schools and FC / MoFA / FORIG, KNUST, UDS, demonstrations on good agroforestry practices 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 COCOBOD UENR and integrated nature-based livelihood options Ghana Armed Forces, Action 4.28:Train and Build capacity of Forest MLNR, Ghana Police Guards and Rapid Response Teams in Forest FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Service, Attorney Generals Protection and Law Enforcement Dept. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.29: Build capacity of Community-base FC Fringe Communities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000 Organizations in Forest Protection SUB TOTAL 350,000 320,000 290,000 280,000 260,000 1,500,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Governance FC, MLGRD, Civil Society, Action 5.1: Conduct study to identify gaps in FC / GTA, GTMO, FAWAG, - current governance processes Consultant National House of Chiefs (NHC) Action 5.2: Review existing monitoring and FC / MLNR, Civil Society, accountability framework for plantation - Consultant GIF,NHC management Action 5.3: Develop and advertise criteria for selection and award for exceptional FC / MLNR; Civil Society, GIF 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 performance in plantation development. Consultant Action 5.4: Institute award schemes for private FC / MLNR, Civil Society, GIF - plantation developers. Consultant MLNR, Land Owners, Action 5.5: Introduce consultative processes Private Planatation and systems to involve key stakeholders in FC - Developers,FORIG, decision making concerning forest plantations. Universities Action 5.6: Liaise with the plant protection department of MoFA to regulate importation of - Page 100 planting material for forest plantation establishment/nurseries Action 5.7: Strengthen enforcement of forest FC MLNR, 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 laws and regulations Action 5.8: Set up a multi-stakeholder advisory Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 committee to guide the implementation of the FC MLNR, FPTSC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 forest plantation strategy Action 5.9: Develop and implement transparent MLNR; Civil Society, GIF, FC/ mechanisms for pricing and allocation of forest Private Sector (i.e. GTMO, - Consultant plantation timber. GTA, etc.), NHC, FPTSC Action 5.10: Strengthen the existing structures MLNR, Civil Society, for information sharing and conflict FC - GIF,NHC management (e.g. National Forest Forum) Action 5.11: Review Current Plantation FC - Development Structure Action 5.12: Award exceptional performers FC MLNR, Civil Society, 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 SUB TOTAL 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 475,000 Monitoring and Evaluation MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.1: Carry out baseline studies - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 11 12 13 14 15 TOTAL (YR 11 - 15) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 6.2: Develop ICT/GIS infrastructure to facilitate data capture, storage and retrieval, FC Consultant - long-term planning and improve decision- making regarding field operations MLNR, Development Action 6. 3: Progress monitoring and reporting Partners, Civil Society, FC 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 on planned activities FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI Action 6. 4: Publication and dissemination of FC MLNR 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 Annual Reports to key stakeholders MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.5: Conduct summative evaluation - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI, FPTSC SUB TOTAL 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 1,150,000 GRAND TOTAL 148,665,120 151,265,120 160,350,120 160,155,120 162,980,120 783,415,600 Page 101 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Appendix 6: ACTIONS AND BUDGET GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Establishment and management of planted forests Action 1.1: Identify, survey and map suitable lands within forest reserves for plantation FC - development Action 1.2: Liaise with the Lands Commission, MLNR, Lands Commission, traditional councils and other landowners to OASL,Traditional Council, FC - identify off-reserve lands earmarked for Landowners, Private commercial plantation development Plantation Developers Action 1.3: Develop and maintain a system to update a register on degraded lands available FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 for forest plantation (On-reserve and off- reserve) [Land Bank] Action 1.4: Publish database of available on MLNR, Lands Commission, and off-reserve lands (Land bank) for plantation FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 OASL, NHC development Action 1.5: Procure genetically improved FORIG, MLNR, MOFA, /superior planting materials of selected exotic FC - Private Sector timber tree species Action 1.6: Collect seed from plus native and FORIG, Fringe FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Page 102 exotic timber tree species Communities FORIG, KNUST, UDS, Action 1.7: Establish Seed Orchards of selected UENR, Fringe FC - exotic and native timber tree species (1000 ha) Communities, Private Sector Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 FC FORIG, KNUST, UDS, 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 Action 1.8: Maintain / Tend Seed Orchards UENR, Fringe (existing and new) / Seed Production Areas Communities, Private 575,000 (SPAs) Sector Action 1.9: Develop protocols for mass GAEC, FC, KNUST, Private production of selected genetically improved FORIG - Sector planting material Action 1.10: Establish and operate a Tissue FORIG, GAEC, Private Culture Lab and Other Facilities (Vegetative FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Sector Propagation Center) Action 1.11: Establish and operate three (3) State-of-the-Art Central tree nurseries (Kumasi / FORIG, Universities, FC 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000 Sunyani / Tamale) - 6 million seedlings capacity Private Sector / yr MLNR, FORIG, Universities, Action 1.12: Review existing plantation MoPs FC Private Plantation - (A,B and C) and consolidate into one document Developers Action 1.13: Publish reviewed plantation MoP FC - Action 1.14: Develop and publish MoP on FC FORIG, Universities - Enrichment Planting GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.15: Undertake coppice management of an estimated 15,000ha teak plantations Fringe Communities, FC 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 17,500,000 harvested prior to 2016 and 10,000ha annually Private Sector from 2027 Action 1.16: Undertake Enrichment planting in FORIG, Universities, Fringe FC 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000 poorly-stocked forest reserves (5,000 ha/yr) Communities Action 1.17: Undertake maintenance of FC Fringe Communities 7,468,320 7,868,320 8,268,320 8,668,320 9,068,320 41,341,600 Enrichment Planting sites ( New and Existing) Action 1.18: Undertake replanting of an Fringe Communities, estimated 3,000ha harvested forest plantations FC - Private Sector (species other than teak). Fringe Communities, Action 1.19: Maintain replanted sites (3000 ha) FC 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000 Private Sector Private Developers, Loggers, GFS, Fringe Action 1.20: Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire FC Communities, Civil society, 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 management Media, Ghana Police Service Action 1.21: Construct fire rides (10-meter Fringe Communities, wide) within existing government plantations FC Feeder roads, MMDAs, - (160,000ha) [Est. 19,200 km) Private sector Action 1.22: Maintain / rehabilitate an estimated FC/Private 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha Fringe Communities - Page 103 Sector private) existing forest plantations Action 1.23: Establish new plantations [25,000 FC/Private Fringe Communities 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 187,500,000 ha/yr] Sector Action 1.24: Maintain newly established FC/Private Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Fringe Communities 112,500,000 115,000,000 117,500,000 120,000,000 122,500,000 587,500,000 plantations Sector FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.25: Establish Model Plantations for FC Universities, Fringe - demonstration of best practice (200 ha/yr) Communities FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.26: Maintain existing (378ha) and FC Universities, Fringe 137,800 137,800 137,800 137,800 137,800 689,000 newly established (200ha/yr) Model Plantations Communities Action 1.27: Promote agro-forestry/farm FC/MoFA/ Farmers, Nursery forestry (trees on farm); [extension services and 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 9,250,000 COCOBOD Operators, etc. supply 5 million seedlings/yr] Action 1.28: Liaise with Minerals Commission to Minerals Commission, FC / EPA 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 rehabilitate mined sites Mining Companies Action 1.29: Liaise with Water Resources Water Resources Commission,VRA, GWCL, others to rehabilitate FC Commission, VRA, EPA, 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 degraded watersheds others Action 1.30: Procure key logistics for field operations/monitoring and supervision (i.e. Vehicles, motorbikes, GPS, pruning saws, FC MLNR, MoFEP 3,000,000 3,000,000 pruning shears, chainsaws, protective clothing, first aid and safety equipment etc.) GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.31: Facilitate forest plantations management and chain of custody certification FC MLNR 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 (FSC, PEFC, etc) Action 1.32: Facilitate the enactment of FC, AG Dept., policy/legislation to support ownership by MLNR Parliamentary Select 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 farmers of planted trees on farms Committee Action 1.33: Promote the development of NTFPs FC FORIG, MoFA, MLNR - within forest plantations SUB TOTAL 164,960,120 170,860,120 170,760,120 173,660,120 176,560,120 856,800,600 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: Forest plantation investment promotion Action 2.1: Prepare and publish a forest FORIG, Private Plantation FC - plantation investor handbook Developers, MLNR Action 2.2: Undertake studies and stakeholder consultations to support the introduction of a FC/ MLNR, Civil society, - Reforestation Levy / Carbon Tax, etc. to support Consultant MOFEP, AGI, PURC, MESTI forest plantation development Action 2.3: Expand the coverage of the Timber Export Levy to include all key timber species FC MLNR, MOFEP - exported as air-dried lumber. Action 2.4: Facilitate the establishment of a MLNR, Ghana Stoclk FC/ specialized market for the trading of forest Exchange, Min. of Trade, - Consultant plantation stands Page 104 MOFEP FC, AG Dept., Action 2.5: Facilitate the enactment of Forest Parliamentary Select MLNR - Plantation Act Committee, Forest Plantation Investors Action 2.6: Establish and Manage forest Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 MLNR, Forest Plantation plantation investors (large, medium, small) FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Investors forum Action 2.7: Support Tree Grower Group MLNR, Tree Grower FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 formation and operation Associations SUBTOTAL 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: Employment creation and livelihoods Action 3.1: Recruit labour from fringe FC / Private communities to undertake enrichment planting, MDA, Fringe Communities Sector plantation establishment and maintenance 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Action 3.2: Promote out-grower forest FC / plantation schemes and establishment of private Private Fringe Communities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 nurseries Sector 25,000 Action 3.3: Promote the establishment of Fringe Communities, MDA, FC / GFS 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 community fire protection crews Private Sector 500,000 Action 3.4: Undertake skills and enterprise FC /Private MDA, Fringe Communities, 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 development Sector Consultants 500,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 3.5. Monitor Implementation of Social Traditional Council, OASL, Responsibility Agreements (i.e. Schools, Clinics, FC MLGRD, MLNR, GES, GHS, Water and Sanitation etc.) within fringe Private Sector communities. - Action 3.6: Facilitate infrastructural FC / Private development within forest fringe communities MDA 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Sector (SRA etc) 500,000 SUBTOTAL 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 1,575,000.00 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Investment in Research, Extension services and Capacity Building Action 4.1: Assess capacity requirements for Consultants Private Sector, Fringe - forest plantation development / FC Communities Action 4.2: Design and implement professional development programmes at the local and international levels to strengthen institutional FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG - capacity in order to improve delivery of services. Action 4.3: Design and implement capacity- building and certification programmes for the private sector to upgrade their skills and FC Consultant, MLNR - knowledge to maintain high operational standards within the industry. Page 105 Action 4.4: Review curricula of courses in plantation silviculture and management and FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 20,000 20,000 introduce on-field attachment programs in line with current best practice Action 4.5: Undertake training of FSD staff in FC/ best practice in plantation establishment and FORIG, KNUST, UDS - Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Consultant management Action 4.6: Build capacity of timber processing GTMO, FAWAG, Aid to industry to improve efficiency and utilization of FC - Artisans, etc. small-diameter-logs Action 4.7: Develop integrated pest management systems and train personnel to implement the systems for monitoring, FORIG KNUST; FFRT; FC - detecting and managing outbreak of diseases within plantations. Action 4.9: Undertake trials of selected exotic and indigenous timber tree species (50ha/yr) to FC / FORIG Universities - determine their suitability for plantation establishment and enrichment planting. Action 4.10: Design methodology, collect and FC / FORIG Universities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 analyse data on species trials Action 4.11: Maintain Species Trial stands FC 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Action 4.12: Design and establish permanent FORIG, Universities, sample plots (PSPs) in representative plantation FC - Private Developers sites across the country. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.13: Collect and analyse data from FORIG, Universities, FC 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 established PSPs Private Developers Action 4.14. Collaborate with FORIG and other stakeholders to monitor and develop effective FC / FORIG Universities - methods to control invasive plant species Action 4.15: Design methodology, collect and FC / Universities - analyse data on key tree parameters FORIG Action 4.16: Engage Consultants (2-year) [Tree MLNR / FC / Breeder, Vegetative Propagation and Tree FORIG, UG, KNUST, UDS - DPs Nursery Specialist] Action 4.17: Engage Consultants (3-year) [Plantation Silviculturist with experience in ICT / GIS applications in plantation management, Consultant FC, MLNR, FORIG - mechanization of field operations, Soil nutrient management, and forest certification] Action 4.18: Carry out feasibility study on the FC, FORIG, Universities, mechanisation of forest plantation field Consultant - Private Sector operations Action 4.19: Carry out a study on improving site FC, FORIG, Universities, Consultant - productivity Management. Private Sector FC, FORIG, Universities, Action 4.20: Commission a study on benefit Consultant Private Sector, Traditional - sharing arrangements for off-reserve areas Authorities Page 106 Action 4.21: Train FSD staff to provide FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private Extension Services to Private Sector Forest - Consultant Sector, Universities Plantation Developers and communities Action 4.22: Develop and publish standardized FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private guide books for forest plantation extension - Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Consultant Sector, Universities services Action 4.23: Undertake a study to develop FC, Universities, Private allometric models for Key plantation timber FORIG - Sector species to facilitate trading in Carbon. Action 4.24: Undertake international educational tours to model plantation setups (i.e. Malaysia, FORIG, MLNR, Private FC - Brazil, South Africa, Costa Rica, etc.) by key Sector plantation staff FC/ Private Sector, Fringe Action 4.25: Training in conflict management - Consultant Communities Action 4.26: Build capacity of tree grower associations in group formation, administration, FORIG, KNUST, UDS, FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 access to markets and product development & UENR provide technical support Action 4.27: Support farmer field schools and FC / MoFA / FORIG, KNUST, UDS, demonstrations on good agroforestry practices 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 COCOBOD UENR and integrated nature-based livelihood options Ghana Armed Forces, Action 4.28:Train and Build capacity of Forest MLNR, Ghana Police Guards and Rapid Response Teams in Forest FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Service, Attorney Generals Protection and Law Enforcement Dept. GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.29: Build capacity of Community-base FC Fringe Communities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000 Organizations in Forest Protection SUB TOTAL 280,000 260,000 260,000 260,000 260,000 1,320,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Governance FC, MLGRD, Civil Society, Action 5.1: Conduct study to identify gaps in FC / GTA, GTMO, FAWAG, - current governance processes Consultant National House of Chiefs (NHC) Action 5.2: Review existing monitoring and FC / MLNR, Civil Society, accountability framework for plantation - Consultant GIF,NHC management Action 5.3: Develop and advertise criteria for selection and award for exceptional FC / MLNR; Civil Society, GIF 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 performance in plantation development. Consultant Action 5.4: Institute award schemes for private FC / MLNR, Civil Society, GIF - plantation developers. Consultant MLNR, Land Owners, Action 5.5: Introduce consultative processes Private Planatation and systems to involve key stakeholders in FC - Developers,FORIG, decision making concerning forest plantations. Universities Action 5.6: Liaise with the plant protection department of MoFA to regulate importation of - planting material for forest plantation Page 107 establishment/nurseries Action 5.7: Strengthen enforcement of forest FC MLNR, 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 laws and regulations Action 5.8: Set up a multi-stakeholder advisory committee to guide the implementation of the FC MLNR, FPTSC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 forest plantation strategy Action 5.9: Develop and implement transparent MLNR; Civil Society, GIF, FC/ mechanisms for pricing and allocation of forest Private Sector (i.e. GTMO, - Consultant plantation timber. GTA, etc.), NHC, FPTSC Action 5.10: Strengthen the existing structures MLNR, Civil Society, for information sharing and conflict FC - GIF,NHC management (e.g. National Forest Forum) Action 5.11: Review Current Plantation FC - Development Structure Action 5.12: Award exceptional performers FC MLNR, Civil Society, 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 SUB TOTAL 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 475,000 Monitoring and Evaluation MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.1: Carry out baseline studies - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility 16 17 18 19 20 TOTAL (YR 15 - 20) Projected Costs Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 6.2: Develop ICT/GIS infrastructure to facilitate data capture, storage and retrieval, FC Consultant - long-term planning and improve decision- making regarding field operations MLNR, Development Action 6. 3: Progress monitoring and reporting Partners, Civil Society, FC 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 on planned activities FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI Action 6. 4: Publication and dissemination of FC MLNR 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 Annual Reports to key stakeholders MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.5: Conduct summative evaluation - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI, FPTSC SUB TOTAL 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 1,150,000 GRAND TOTAL 165,900,120 171,780,120 171,680,120 174,580,120 177,480,120 861,420,600 Page 108 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Appendix 6: ACTIONS AND BUDGET GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: Establishment and management of planted forests Action 1.1: Identify, survey and map suitable lands within forest reserves for plantation FC - development 250,000 Action 1.2: Liaise with the Lands Commission, MLNR, Lands Commission, traditional councils and other landowners to OASL,Traditional Council, FC - identify off-reserve lands earmarked for Landowners, Private commercial plantation development Plantation Developers 150,000 Action 1.3: Develop and maintain a system to update a register on degraded lands available FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 for forest plantation (On-reserve and off- reserve) [Land Bank] 64,000 Action 1.4: Publish database of available on MLNR, Lands Commission, and off-reserve lands (Land bank) for plantation FC 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000 OASL, NHC development 58,000 Action 1.5: Procure genetically improved FORIG, MLNR, MOFA, /superior planting materials of selected exotic FC - Private Sector timber tree species 600,000 Action 1.6: Collect seed from plus native and FORIG, Fringe FC - exotic timber tree species Communities Page 109 300,000 FORIG, KNUST, UDS, Action 1.7: Establish Seed Orchards of selected UENR, Fringe FC - exotic and native timber tree species (1000 ha) Communities, Private Sector 2,000,000 FC FORIG, KNUST, UDS, 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 1.8: Maintain / Tend Seed Orchards UENR, Fringe (existing and new) / Seed Production Areas Communities, Private 575,000 (SPAs) Sector 4,937,500 Action 1.9: Develop protocols for mass GAEC, FC, KNUST, Private production of selected genetically improved FORIG - Sector planting material 200,000 Action 1.10: Establish and operate a Tissue FORIG, GAEC, Private Culture Lab and Other Facilities (Vegetative FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Sector Propagation Center) 1,675,000 Action 1.11: Establish and operate three (3) State-of-the-Art Central tree nurseries (Kumasi / FORIG, Universities, FC 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000 Sunyani / Tamale) - 6 million seedlings capacity Private Sector / yr 8,900,000 MLNR, FORIG, Universities, Action 1.12: Review existing plantation MoPs FC Private Plantation - (A,B and C) and consolidate into one document Developers 80,000 Action 1.13: Publish reviewed plantation MoP FC - 50,000 Action 1.14: Develop and publish MoP on FC FORIG, Universities - Enrichment Planting 80,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.15: Undertake coppice management of an estimated 15,000ha teak plantations Fringe Communities, FC 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 17,500,000 harvested prior to 2016 and 10,000ha annually Private Sector from 2027 61,250,000 Action 1.16: Undertake Enrichment planting in FORIG, Universities, Fringe FC - poorly-stocked forest reserves (5,000 ha/yr) Communities 20,000,000 Action 1.17: Undertake maintenance of FC Fringe Communities 9,468,320 9,118,320 8,768,320 8,418,320 8,068,320 43,841,600 Enrichment Planting sites ( New and Existing) 146,006,900 Action 1.18: Undertake replanting of an Fringe Communities, estimated 3,000ha harvested forest plantations FC - Private Sector (species other than teak). 4,500,000 Fringe Communities, Action 1.19: Maintain replanted sites (3000 ha) FC 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000 Private Sector 14,700,000 Private Developers, Loggers, GFS, Fringe Action 1.20: Implement FC’s MoP on wildfire FC Communities, Civil society, 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 management Media, Ghana Police Service 5,000,000 Action 1.21: Construct fire rides (10-meter Fringe Communities, wide) within existing government plantations FC Feeder roads, MMDAs, - (160,000ha) [Est. 19,200 km) Private sector 9,600,000 Action 1.22: Maintain / rehabilitate an estimated FC/Private 235,000 ha (160,000 ha public and 75,000 ha Fringe Communities - Sector private) existing forest plantations Page 110 411,250,000 Action 1.23: Establish new plantations [25,000 FC/Private Fringe Communities 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 37,500,000 187,500,000 ha/yr] Sector 937,500,000 Action 1.24: Maintain newly established FC/Private Fringe Communities 125,000,000 127,500,000 130,000,000 132,500,000 135,000,000 650,000,000 plantations Sector Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 2,325,000,000 FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.25: Establish Model Plantations for FC Universities, Fringe - demonstration of best practice (200 ha/yr) Communities 2,000,000 FORIG, Private Sector, Action 1.26: Maintain existing (378ha) and FC Universities, Fringe 137,800 137,800 137,800 137,800 137,800 689,000 newly established (200ha/yr) Model Plantations Communities 6,447,400 Action 1.27: Promote agro-forestry/farm FC/MoFA/ Farmers, Nursery forestry (trees on farm); [extension services and 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 1,850,000 9,250,000 COCOBOD Operators, etc. supply 5 million seedlings/yr] 46,250,000 Action 1.28: Liaise with Minerals Commission to Minerals Commission, FC / EPA 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 rehabilitate mined sites Mining Companies 500,000 Action 1.29: Liaise with Water Resources Water Resources Commission,VRA, GWCL, others to rehabilitate FC Commission, VRA, EPA, 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 degraded watersheds others 500,000 Action 1.30: Procure key logistics for field operations/monitoring and supervision (i.e. Vehicles, motorbikes, GPS, pruning saws, FC MLNR, MoFEP 3,000,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 pruning shears, chainsaws, protective clothing, first aid and safety equipment etc.) 21,000,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 1.31: Facilitate forest plantations management and chain of custody certification FC MLNR 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 (FSC, PEFC, etc) 125,000 Action 1.32: Facilitate the enactment of FC, AG Dept., policy/legislation to support ownership by MLNR Parliamentary Select 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 farmers of planted trees on farms Committee 125,000 Action 1.33: Promote the development of NTFPs FC FORIG, MoFA, MLNR - within forest plantations 100,000 SUB TOTAL 181,450,120 180,600,120 182,750,120 184,900,120 190,050,120 919,750,600 4,031,198,800 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: Forest plantation investment promotion Action 2.1: Prepare and publish a forest FORIG, Private Plantation FC - plantation investor handbook Developers, MLNR 120,000 Action 2.2: Undertake studies and stakeholder consultations to support the introduction of a FC/ MLNR, Civil society, - Reforestation Levy / Carbon Tax, etc. to support Consultant MOFEP, AGI, PURC, MESTI forest plantation development 300,000 Action 2.3: Expand the coverage of the Timber Export Levy to include all key timber species FC MLNR, MOFEP - exported as air-dried lumber. 20,000 Action 2.4: Facilitate the establishment of a MLNR, Ghana Stoclk FC/ specialized market for the trading of forest Exchange, Min. of Trade, - Consultant Page 111 plantation stands MOFEP 150,000 FC, AG Dept., Action 2.5: Facilitate the enactment of Forest Parliamentary Select MLNR - Plantation Act Committee, Forest Plantation Investors 150,000 Action 2.6: Establish and Manage forest Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 MLNR, Forest Plantation plantation investors (large, medium, small) FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Investors forum 300,000 Action 2.7: Support Tree Grower Group MLNR, Tree Grower FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 formation and operation Associations 270,000 SUBTOTAL 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000 1,310,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: Employment creation and livelihoods Action 3.1: Recruit labour from fringe FC / Private communities to undertake enrichment planting, MDA, Fringe Communities 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 Sector plantation establishment and maintenance 250,000 Action 3.2: Promote out-grower forest FC / plantation schemes and establishment of private Private Fringe Communities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 nurseries Sector 125,000 Action 3.3: Promote the establishment of Fringe Communities, MDA, FC / GFS 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 community fire protection crews Private Sector 2,500,000 Action 3.4: Undertake skills and enterprise FC /Private MDA, Fringe Communities, 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 development Sector Consultants 2,500,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 3.5. Monitor Implementation of Social Traditional Council, OASL, Responsibility Agreements (i.e. Schools, Clinics, FC MLGRD, MLNR, GES, GHS, - Water and Sanitation etc.) within fringe Private Sector communities. 100,000 Action 3.6: Facilitate infrastructural FC / Private development within forest fringe communities MDA 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000 Sector (SRA etc) 2,500,000 SUBTOTAL 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 315,000.00 1,575,000.00 7,975,000.00 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Investment in Research, Extension services and Capacity Building Action 4.1: Assess capacity requirements for Consultants Private Sector, Fringe - forest plantation development / FC Communities 120,000 Action 4.2: Design and implement professional development programmes at the local and international levels to strengthen institutional FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG - capacity in order to improve delivery of services. 250,000 Action 4.3: Design and implement capacity- building and certification programmes for the private sector to upgrade their skills and FC Consultant, MLNR - knowledge to maintain high operational standards within the industry. Page 112 70,000 Action 4.4: Review curricula of courses in plantation silviculture and management and FC MLNR, Universities, FORIG 20,000 20,000 introduce on-field attachment programs in line with current best practice 120,000 Action 4.5: Undertake training of FSD staff in FC/ Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 best practice in plantation establishment and FORIG, KNUST, UDS - Consultant management 800,000 Action 4.6: Build capacity of timber processing GTMO, FAWAG, Aid to industry to improve efficiency and utilization of FC - Artisans, etc. small-diameter-logs 200,000 Action 4.7: Develop integrated pest management systems and train personnel to implement the systems for monitoring, FORIG KNUST; FFRT; FC - detecting and managing outbreak of diseases within plantations. 150,000 Action 4.9: Undertake trials of selected exotic and indigenous timber tree species (50ha/yr) to FC / FORIG Universities - determine their suitability for plantation establishment and enrichment planting. 1,250,000 Action 4.10: Design methodology, collect and FC / FORIG Universities 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 analyse data on species trials 220,000 Action 4.11: Maintain Species Trial stands FC 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 3,525,000 Action 4.12: Design and establish permanent FORIG, Universities, sample plots (PSPs) in representative plantation FC - Private Developers sites across the country. 80,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.13: Collect and analyse data from FORIG, Universities, FC 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 established PSPs Private Developers 120,000 Action 4.14. Collaborate with FORIG and other stakeholders to monitor and develop effective FC / FORIG Universities - methods to control invasive plant species 150,000 Action 4.15: Design methodology, collect and FC / Universities - analyse data on key tree parameters FORIG 185,000 Action 4.16: Engage Consultants (2-year) [Tree MLNR / FC / Breeder, Vegetative Propagation and Tree FORIG, UG, KNUST, UDS - DPs Nursery Specialist] 500,000 Action 4.17: Engage Consultants (3-year) [Plantation Silviculturist with experience in ICT / GIS applications in plantation management, Consultant FC, MLNR, FORIG - mechanization of field operations, Soil nutrient management, and forest certification] 450,000 Action 4.18: Carry out feasibility study on the FC, FORIG, Universities, mechanisation of forest plantation field Consultant - Private Sector operations 80,000 Action 4.19: Carry out a study on improving site FC, FORIG, Universities, Consultant - productivity Management. Private Sector 100,000 FC, FORIG, Universities, Action 4.20: Commission a study on benefit Consultant Private Sector, Traditional - sharing arrangements for off-reserve areas Page 113 Authorities 50,000 Action 4.21: Train FSD staff to provide FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private Extension Services to Private Sector Forest - Consultant Sector, Universities Plantation Developers and communities 420,000 Action 4.22: Develop and publish standardized FC / FORIG, MOFA, Private guide books for forest plantation extension - Consultant Sector, Universities services 150,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Action 4.23: Undertake a study to develop FC, Universities, Private allometric models for Key plantation timber FORIG - Sector species to facilitate trading in Carbon. 200,000 Action 4.24: Undertake international educational tours to model plantation setups (i.e. Malaysia, FORIG, MLNR, Private FC - Brazil, South Africa, Costa Rica, etc.) by key Sector plantation staff 470,000 FC/ Private Sector, Fringe Action 4.25: Training in conflict management - Consultant Communities 90,000 Action 4.26: Build capacity of tree grower associations in group formation, administration, FORIG, KNUST, UDS, FC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 access to markets and product development & UENR provide technical support 400,000 Action 4.27: Support farmer field schools and FC / MoFA / FORIG, KNUST, UDS, demonstrations on good agroforestry practices 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 COCOBOD UENR and integrated nature-based livelihood options 1,460,000 Ghana Armed Forces, Action 4.28:Train and Build capacity of Forest MLNR, Ghana Police Guards and Rapid Response Teams in Forest FC 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 125,000 Service, Attorney Generals Protection and Law Enforcement Dept. 1,025,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 4.29: Build capacity of Community-base FC Fringe Communities 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000 Organizations in Forest Protection 535,000 SUB TOTAL 280,000 260,000 260,000 260,000 260,000 1,320,000 13,170,000 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Governance FC, MLGRD, Civil Society, Action 5.1: Conduct study to identify gaps in FC / GTA, GTMO, FAWAG, - current governance processes Consultant National House of Chiefs (NHC) 100,000 Action 5.2: Review existing monitoring and FC / MLNR, Civil Society, accountability framework for plantation - Consultant GIF,NHC management 50,000 Action 5.3: Develop and advertise criteria for selection and award for exceptional FC / MLNR; Civil Society, GIF 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000 performance in plantation development. Consultant 125,000 Action 5.4: Institute award schemes for private FC / MLNR, Civil Society, GIF - plantation developers. Consultant 40,000 MLNR, Land Owners, Action 5.5: Introduce consultative processes Private Planatation and systems to involve key stakeholders in FC - Developers,FORIG, decision making concerning forest plantations. Universities 20,000 Action 5.6: Liaise with the plant protection department of MoFA to regulate importation of - Page 114 planting material for forest plantation establishment/nurseries 6,000 Action 5.7: Strengthen enforcement of forest FC MLNR, 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 laws and regulations 750,000 Action 5.8: Set up a multi-stakeholder advisory Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 committee to guide the implementation of the FC MLNR, FPTSC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000 forest plantation strategy 260,000 Action 5.9: Develop and implement transparent MLNR; Civil Society, GIF, FC/ mechanisms for pricing and allocation of forest Private Sector (i.e. GTMO, - Consultant plantation timber. GTA, etc.), NHC, FPTSC 80,000 Action 5.10: Strengthen the existing structures MLNR, Civil Society, for information sharing and conflict FC - GIF,NHC management (e.g. National Forest Forum) 30,000 Action 5.11: Review Current Plantation FC - Development Structure 50,000 Action 5.12: Award exceptional performers FC MLNR, Civil Society, 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 1,200,000 SUB TOTAL 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 475,000 2,711,000 Monitoring and Evaluation MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.1: Carry out baseline studies - Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI 100,000 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY Responsibility TOTAL 21 22 23 24 25 GRAND TOTAL (YEAR Projected Costs (YR 21 - 25) 1 - 25) (US $) Lead Collaborator(s) Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost (US $) Action 6.2: Develop ICT/GIS infrastructure to facilitate data capture, storage and retrieval, FC Consultant - long-term planning and improve decision- making regarding field operations 2,070,000 MLNR, Development Action 6. 3: Progress monitoring and reporting Partners, Civil Society, FC 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000 on planned activities FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI 5,000,000 Action 6. 4: Publication and dissemination of FC MLNR 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000 Annual Reports to key stakeholders 755,000 MLNR, Development FC/ Partners, Civil Society, Action 6.5: Conduct summative evaluation 100,000 100,000 Consultant FORIG, Universities, MOFEP, MESTI, FPTSC 100,000 SUB TOTAL 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 330,000 1,250,000 8,025,000 GRAND TOTAL 182,390,120 181,520,120 183,670,120 185,820,120 191,070,120 924,470,600 4,064,389,800 Page 115 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040

APPENDIX 6: YIELD CALCULATIONS YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Cumulative Area (ha) 25,000 50,000 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000 225,000 250,000 275,000 300,000 325,000 VOLUME (cbm) 250,000 500,000 750,000 1,000,000 1,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 2,000,000 2,250,000 2,500,000 2,750,000 3,000,000 3,250,000 YEAR 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Cumulative Area (ha) Page 116 350,000 375,000 400,000 425,000 450,000 475,000 500,000 525,000 550,000 575,000 600,000 625,000 VOLUME (cbm) 3,500,000 3,750,000 4,000,000 4,250,000 4,500,000 4,750,000 5,000,000 5,250,000 5,500,000 5,750,000 6,000,000 6,250,000 3 Cumulative Vol. Yr1 -25 (m ) 81,250,000 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 3 AV. Annual Vol (m ) 3,250,000 3 NB: MAI = 10 m /ha APPENDIX 8a: SUMMARY OF PROJECTED COST (US $) YEAR EXPENDITURE (US$) 1 136,331,000 2 150,895,500 3 166,280,500 4 180,760,500 5 198,754,900 6 118,250,120 7 125,270,120 8 130,685,120 9 141,410,120 10 146,445,120 11 148,665,120 12 151,265,120 13 160,350,120 14 160,155,120 15 162,980,120 16 165,900,120 17 171,780,120 18 171,680,120 19 174,580,120 20 177,480,120 21 182,390,120 22 181,520,120 23 183,670,120 24 185,820,120 25 191,070,120 TOTAL 4,064,389,800 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Page 117 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY: 2016 - 2040 APPENDIX 8b: SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT INCOME (US $) TEAK PARTICULARS OF AVERAGE YEAR INCOME UNIT PRICE QUANTITY INCOME REMARKS 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 1 (2016) Telegraphic poles $15 1,000,000 $15,000,000 2004/2005 coupes) 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2 (2017) Telegraphic poles $15 1,000,000 $15,000,000 2006/2007 coupes) 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2007/2008 coupes). 200 stems removed Telegraphic/Transmission per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 3 (2018) poles $22 3,000,000 $65,000,000 2002 coupe - second thinning) Page 118 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2009/2010 coupes). 200 stems removed Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Telegraphic/Transmission per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 4 (2019) poles $23 5,000,000 $115,000,000 2003/2004 coupes - second thinning) 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2010/2011 coupes). 200 stems removed Telegraphic/Transmission per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 5 (2020) poles $24 4,500,000 $107,500,000 2004/2005 coupes - second thinning) 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2012/2013 coupes). 200 stems removed Telegraphic/Transmission per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 6 (2021) poles $24 4,500,000 $107,500,000 2006/2007 coupes - second thinning) 200 stems removed per hectare Low-tensionTransmission merchantable (20,000 ha of 2007/2008 7 (2022) poles $25 4,000,000 $100,000,000 coupes - second thinning) 50 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2014 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2009/2010 coupes - second thinning). 150 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare merchantable 8 (2023) poles $28 6,000,000 $167,500,000 (10,000 ha of 2002 coupe - third thinning) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (15,000 ha of 2015 coupe + 7,500 ha coppice mgt. area). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2010/2011 coupes - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare Telegraphic/Transmission merchantable (20,000 ha of 2003/2004 9 (2024) poles/ saw logs $34 7,250,000 $246,197,917 coupes - third thinning) Page 119 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2016 coupe + 7500 ha coppice mgt. area). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable Telegraphic/Transmission (20,000 ha of 2004/2005 coupes - third Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 10 (2025) poles/ saw logs $34 5,750,000 $196,458,333 thinning) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2017 coupe) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2012/2013 coupes - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable Telegraphic/Transmission (20,000 ha of 2006/2007 coupes - third 11 (2026) poles/ saw logs $32 7,000,000 $224,583,333 thinning) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2018 coupe). 150 stems removed per hectare Telegraphic/Transmission merchantable (20,000 ha of 2007/2008 12 (2027) poles/ saw logs $32 5,000,000 $158,333,333 coupes - third thinning). 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2019 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2014 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2009/2010 coupes - third thinning). 250 Telegraphic/Transmission stems removed per hectare (10,000ha of 13 (2028) poles/ saw logs $38 9,500,000 $361,527,778 2002 coupe - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2020 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (15,000 ha of 2015 coupe + 7500 ha coppice - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2010/2011 coupes - third thinning). 250 stems removed per hectare Telegraphic/Transmission (20,000ha of 2003/2004 coupes - final 14 (2029) poles/ saw logs $40 14,500,000 $574,821,429 harvest) Page 120 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2021 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2016 coupe + Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 7500 ha coppice - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2012/2013 coupes - third thinning). 250 stems removed per hectare Telegraphic/Transmission (20,000ha of 2004/2005 coupes - final 15 (2030) poles/ saw logs $45 14,000,000 $630,000,000 harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2022 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2017 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (10,000 ha of 2014 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (20,000ha of 16 (2031) poles/ saw logs $42 12,500,000 $519,886,364 2006/2007 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2023 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2018 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (15,000 ha of 2015 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (20,000ha of 17 (2032) poles/ saw logs $41 13,250,000 $549,734,043 2007/2008 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2024 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2019 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2016 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (20,000ha of 18 (2033) poles/ saw logs $41 14,000,000 $580,851,064 2009/2010 coupes - final harvest) Page 121 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2025 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2020 coupe - Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2017 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (10,000ha of 19 (2034) poles/ saw logs $36 11,500,000 $419,594,595 2010/2011 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2026 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2021 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2018 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (10,000ha of 20 (2035) poles/ saw logs $36 11,500,000 $419,594,595 2012/2013 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2027 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2022 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2019 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (10,000ha of 2014 21 (2036) poles/ saw logs $36 11,500,000 $419,594,595 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2028 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2023 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2020 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (15,000ha of 2015 22 (2037) poles/ saw logs $39 12,750,000 $500,892,857 coupes - final harvest) Page 122 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2029 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2024 coupe - Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2021 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (20,000ha of 2016 23 (2038) poles/ saw logs $39 14,000,000 $550,000,000 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2030 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2025 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2022 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (20,000ha of 2017 24 (2039) poles/ saw logs $39 14,000,000 $550,000,000 coupes - final harvest) 100 stems out of 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2031 coupe). 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2026 coupe - second thinning). 150 stems removed per hectare merchantable (20,000 ha of 2023 coupe - third thinning). 250 stems Telegraphic/Transmission removed per hectare (20,000ha of 2018 25 (2040) poles/ saw logs $39 14,000,000 $550,000,000 coupes - final harvest) TOTAL $ 8,144,570,234 Page 123 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 GHANA FOREST PLANTATION STRATEGY: 2015 - 2040 APPENDIX 8c: SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT INCOME (US $) OTHER SPECIES (i.e Cedrela, Ofram, Emire, Gmelina etc) PARTICULARS AVERAGE YEAR OF INCOME UNIT PRICE QUANTITY INCOME REMARKS 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (2,000 ha 2002 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 3 (2018) Small saw logs $25 400,000 $10,000,000 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2003/2004 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 4 (2019) Small saw logs $25 800,000 $20,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2004/2005 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 5 (2020) Small saw logs $25 800,000 $20,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2006/2007 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 6 (2021) Small saw logs $25 800,000 $20,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] Page 124 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2007/2008 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 7 (2022) Small saw logs $25 800,000 $20,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 2009/2010 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 8 (2023) Small saw logs $25 800,000 $20,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (2,000 ha of 2010/2011 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 9 (2024) Small saw logs $25 400,000 $10,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (2,000 ha of 2012/2013 coupes) (second thinning - first commercial 3 10 (2025) Small saw logs $25 400,000 $10,000,000 thinning) [pre-thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3] 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (2,000 ha of medium-sized 2002 coupe) (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, 3 13 (2028) saw logs $40 600,000 $24,000,000 MTV = 1.5m3] (25-year rotation) 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of medium-sized 2003/2004 coupes) (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 3 14 (2029) saw logs $40 1,200,000 $48,000,000 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (25-year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (6,000* ha of 2015 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2004/2005 coupes) 3 Small/medium (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] 15 (2030) sized saw logs $33 2,400,000 $78,000,000 (25-year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (6,000* ha of 2016 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2006/2007 coupes) 3 Small/medium (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] 16 (2031) sized saw logs $33 2,400,000 $78,000,000 (25-year rotation) Page 125 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (6,000* ha of 2017 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2007/2008 coupes) 3 Small/medium (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] 17 (2032) sized saw logs $33 2,400,000 $78,000,000 (25-year rotation) Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2018 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (4,000 ha of 2009/2010 coupes) 3 Small/medium (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] 18 (2033) sized saw logs $33 2,200,000 $73,000,000 (25-year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2019 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (2,000 ha of 2010/2011 coupes) 3 Small/medium (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] 19 (2034) sized saw logs $31 1,600,000 $49,000,000 (25-year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2020 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (2,000 ha of 2012/2013 coupes) 3 (final harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (25-year rotation); 300 stems removed per hectare Small/medium merchantable (6,000* ha of 2015 coupe) (final harvest) [pre- 3 20 (2035) sized saw logs $36 3,400,000 $121,000,000 harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (20-year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2021 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (6,000* ha of 2016 coupe) (final 3 Small/medium harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (20- 21 (2036) sized saw logs $39 2,800,000 $108,640,000 year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2022 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (6,000* ha of 2017 coupe) (final 3 Small/medium harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (20- 22 (2037) sized saw logs $35 2,800,000 $97,000,000 year rotation) Page 126 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2023 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2018 coupe) (final 3 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 Small/medium harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (20- 23 (2038) sized saw logs $34 2,500,000 $85,000,000 year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2024 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2019 coupe) (final 3 Small/medium harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (20- 24 (2039) sized saw logs $34 2,500,000 $85,000,000 year rotation) 200 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2025 coupe) (second thinning - first commercial thinning) [pre- 3 thinning stocking - 500/ha, MTV = 1m3]; 300 stems removed per hectare merchantable (5,000 ha of 2020 coupe) (final 3 Small/medium harvest) [pre-harvest stocking - 300/ha, MTV = 1.5m3] (20- 25 (2040) sized saw logs $34 2,500,000 $85,000,000 year rotation) TOTAL $ 1,139,640,000 *  includes  1000ha/yr  (Yr  1-­‐3)  Replanting APPENDIX 8d: PROJECTED REVENUE FROM SALES OF SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS SEEDLINGS SEEDS YEAR QUANTITY PRICE INCOME (US$) YEAR WEIGHT (kg) PRICE INCOME (US$) CUM INCOME (US$) (US$) (Seedlings / Seeds) 1 1 173,125 5 865,625 865,625 2 2,000,000 0.5 1,000,000 2 173,125 5 865,625 1,865,625 3 4,000,000 0.5 2,000,000 3 173,125 5 865,625 2,865,625 4 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 4 173,125 5 865,625 3,865,625 5 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 5 173,125 5 865,625 3,865,625 6 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 6 173,125 5 865,625 3,865,625 7 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 7 207,750 5.83 1,211,875 4,211,875 8 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 8 277,000 6.88 1,904,385 4,904,385 9 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 9 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 10 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 10 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 11 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 11 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 12 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 12 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 Page 127 13 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 13 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 14 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 14 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 15 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 15 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 16 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 16 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 17 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 17 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 18 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 18 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 19 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 19 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 20 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 20 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 21 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 21 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 22 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 22 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 23 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 23 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 24 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 24 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 25 6,000,000 0.5 3,000,000 25 380,875 7.73 2,943,135 5,943,135 TOTAL 138,000,000 69,000,000 TOTAL 7,825,250 58,343,305 127,343,305

APPENDIX  8e:  FINANCIAL   APPENDIX   A 8 NALYSES e:  FINANCIAL  ANALYSES DISCOUNT DISCOUNT YEAR EXPENDITURE YEAR ($) EXPENDITURE INCOME ($) ($) NET INCOME CASHFLOW ($) ($) NET CASHFLOW ($) NET PRESENT VALUENET PRESEN RATE RATE 1 $ 136,331,000 1 $ $ 136,331,000 15,865,625$ $ (120,465,375) $ 15,865,625 (120,465,375) 2 $ 150,895,500 2 $ $ 150,895,500 16,865,625$ $ (134,029,875) $ 16,865,625 (134,029,875) 3 $ 166,280,500 3 $ $ 166,280,500 77,865,625$ $ 77,865,625 (88,414,875) $ (88,414,875) 4 $ 180,760,500 4 $ $ 180,760,500 138,865,625$ $ 138,865,625 (41,894,875) $ (41,894,875) 10% $799,473,516 10% $799 5 $ 198,754,900 5 $ $ 198,754,900 131,365,625$ $ 131,365,625 (67,389,275) $ (67,389,275) 6 $ 118,250,120 6 $ $ 118,250,120 131,365,625$ $ 131,365,625 13,115,505 $ 13,115,505 7 $ 125,270,120 7 $ $ 125,270,120 124,211,875$ $ 124,211,875 (1,058,245) $ (1,058,245) 8 $ 130,685,120 8 $ $ 130,685,120 192,404,385$ $ 192,404,385 61,719,265 $ 61,719,265 9 $ 141,410,120 9 $ $ 141,410,120 262,141,052$ $ 262,141,052 120,730,932 $ 120,730,932 10 $ 146,445,120 10 $ $ 146,445,120 212,401,468$ $ 212,401,468 65,956,348 $ 65,956,348 11 $ 148,665,120 11 $ $ 148,665,120 230,526,468$ $ 230,526,468 81,861,348 $ 81,861,348 12 $ 151,265,120 12 $ $ 151,265,120 164,276,468$ $ 164,276,468 13,011,348 $ 13,011,348 Page 128 13 $ 160,350,120 13 $ $ 160,350,120 391,470,913$ $ 391,470,913 231,120,793 $ 231,120,793 14 $ 160,155,120 14 $ $ 160,155,120 628,764,564$ $ 628,764,564 468,609,444 $ 468,609,444 15 $ 162,980,120 15 $ $ 162,980,120 713,943,135$ $ 713,943,135 550,963,015 $ 550,963,015 16 $ 165,900,120 16 $ $ 165,900,120 603,829,499$ $ 603,829,499 437,929,379 $ 437,929,379 Ghana Forest Plantation Strategy: 2016-2040 17 $ 171,780,120 17 $ $ 171,780,120 633,677,178$ $ 633,677,178 461,897,058 $ 461,897,058 18 $ 171,680,120 18 $ $ 171,680,120 659,794,199$ $ 659,794,199 488,114,079 $ 488,114,079 19 $ 174,580,120 19 $ $ 174,580,120 474,537,730$ $ 474,537,730 299,957,610 $ 299,957,610 20 $ 177,480,120 20 $ $ 177,480,120 546,537,730$ $ 546,537,730 369,057,610 $ 369,057,610 21 $ 182,390,120 21 $ $ 182,390,120 534,177,730$ $ 534,177,730 351,787,610 $ 351,787,610 22 $ 181,520,120 22 $ $ 181,520,120 603,835,992$ $ 603,835,992 422,315,872 $ 422,315,872 23 $ 183,670,120 23 $ $ 183,670,120 640,943,135$ $ 640,943,135 457,273,015 $ 457,273,015 24 $ 185,820,120 24 $ $ 185,820,120 640,943,135$ $ 640,943,135 455,123,015 $ 455,123,015 25 $ 191,070,120 25 $ $ 191,070,120 640,943,135$ $ 640,943,135 449,873,015 $ 449,873,015 TOTAL $ 4,064,389,800 TOTAL $ $ 4,064,389,800 9,411,553,539$ 5,347,163,739 $ $ 9,411,553,539 5,347,163,739 IRR 19.4% IRR 19.4%