National Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Strategy

i Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia National Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Strategy February, 2017 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents i Acknowledgement ii Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The State of Agriculture and Food in Ethiopia 2 1.2 The Nutrition Situation in Ethiopia 3 1.3 Agriculture-Nutrition Linkage Framework 4 1.4 Gaps in the Agriculture Sector in Food and Nutrition 6 1.5 Opportunities to Integrate Nutrition in to the Agriculture Sector 7 Chapter 2 Scope, Rationale and Principles 8 2.1 Scope 9 2.2 Rationale 9 2.3 Principles 9 Chapter 3 Goal and Strategic Objectives (SOs) 10 3.1 Goal 11 3.2 Strategic Objectives (SOs) 11 3.2.1 SO # 1: To leverage nutrition into agriculture sector policies, strategies, programs and work plans at all level 11 3.2.2 SO # 2: To establish/strengthen institutional and organizational structures and capacity responsible for planning & implementing nutrition sensitive agriculture 12 3.2.3 SO # 3: To increase year-round availability, access and consumption of diverse, safe and nutritious foods of plant and animal source 14 3.2.4 SO # 4: To enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral households & communities prone to climate change and moisture stress 18 3.2.5 SO # 5: To ensure women’s and youth empowerment and gender equality 19 3.2.6 SO # 6: To establish and/or strengthen multi-sectorial coordination within the agriculture sectors and with signatories of the NNP II 21 Chapter 4 Monitoring and Evaluation 22 Five Year Strategic Plan 24 References 30 Chart # 1 Conceptual Pathway between Agriculture and Nutrition 5 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This final draft of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s national1 Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) Strategy is the result of more than two years effort of various stakeholders. Following completion of the first draft in late 2015, it has been revised and updated a number of times by technical working groups. Upon the request of the agricultural extension directorate general, a consultative meeting for the technical working group was held between 28 September 2016 and 2 October 2016 in Bishoftu to finalize the document and produce the final version of this NSA strategy. The Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MoANR) and The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF) would like to recognize and express their appreciation to all technical experts who contributed to the development of this NSA strategy with special gratitude to the following senior level professionals who significantly contributed to the development of this document. Amogne Diress - Health & Nutrition Program Manager, CUSO International Desta Kebede - SBCC Associate Director, Alive and Thrive Dr. Demese Chanyalew – Independent Consultant: AKLDP, Tufts University Dr. Fetene Belachew - Livestock Development Program Advisor, MoLF Dr. Habtamu Fekadu- Chief of Party, Save the Children (ENGINE/GTN) Dr. Robert Fungo - International Nutrition Consultant, FAO Ethiopia Dr. Tarik Kassaye - International Nutrition Consultant, FAO Ethiopia Dr. Yewelsew Abebe- SBCC Director, Alive and Thrive Husien Abegaz - Fishery Directorate, MoLF Kebede Atsebi - Senior Value Chain Expert, MoANR Kebede Tafesse - Livelihood and Nutrition Advisor, Save the Children (ENGINE/GTN) Kefyalew Akassa - Nutrition Advisor, JHPEIGO Mengistu Fessiha - Lecturer, Hawassa University Nardos Birru - Nutrition Specialist, UNICEF Omer Seid - Lecturer, Mekelle University Seblewongel Deneke - Gender and Nutrition Directorate, ATA Senait Zewdie – Nutrition Policy Officer, FAO Ethiopia Susanne Neiro - NSA Program Manager, GIZ Tamene Taye - Nutrition Advisor, GIZ - Seconded to MoANR Temnet Amanuel-Junior Project officer, GIZ Ursula Truebswasser - Nutrition Advisor, EU Wasihun Eshetu - Nutrition Adivisor, FAO - Seconded to MoANR We would also like to thank FAO Ethiopia for providing financial support to host the technical working group consultative meeting in Bishoftu for five days where this document was finalized. MoANR MoLF 1 National refers to federal and regional state governments and Non-Government actors and institutions. iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADLI Agricultural Development Led Industrialization AGP II Agricultural Growth Programme II ATVET Agriculture Technical and Vocational Education Training BCC Behaviour Change Communication CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Plan DA Development Agent EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research ELMP Ethiopia Livestock Master Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FTC Farmers Training Center GDP Gross Domestic Product GTP I Growth and Transformation Plan I GTP II Growth and Transformation Plan II HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus MOA Ministry of Agriculture MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest Development and Climate Change MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoLF Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NNP I National Nutrition Programme I NNP II National Nutrition Programme II NNS National Nutrition Strategy NSA Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture OFSP Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato PIF Policy Investment Framework QPM Quality Protein Maize SBCC Social and Behavioral Change Communication SUN Scale Up of Nutrition Initiatives 1 Introduction 2 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The State of Agriculture and Food in Ethiopia: Ethiopia’s agriculture sector2 accounts for approximately 39 percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 75 percent of export earnings by the year 2014/5. Crop and livestock subsectors accounted for 27.4 percent and 7.9 percent respectively, while 3.7 percent was accounted for by forestry and fishery. The agriculture sector is the major employer of about 83 percent of the country’s labor force. The sector has registered an average real agricultural GDP growth rate of 6.6 percent per annum during the GTP I implementation period. During the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) I implementation period, the average productivity of major crops by smallholder farmers for the main season increased from 15.7 quintals per hectare to 21.5 quintals per hectare. Major crop production and productivity have reached 270.3 million quintal and 21.5 quintal per hectare respectively. The areas of land developed with modern small-scale irrigation schemes have increased to 2.3 million hectares during growth and transformation plan I period. The productivity of smallholder farmers has improved by introducing and disseminating of modern agricultural technologies. The extension service reach increased from 5.1 million farmers to 13.95 million in 2014 - 2015, and the food reserve to enhance disaster prevention capacity has now reached 405 000 tones (FDRE, 2015). Overall, the per capita food production has passed the 2.16 quintal grain equivalent line (PIF MTR, 2015) and the average adult energy intake is 2100 kcal/day (Chanyalew et.al, 2009). The agriculture sector has also made a significant contribution to poverty reduction in which the poverty headcount index has decreased from 29 percent to 23 percent (FDRE, 2015). Livestock plays a crucial economic role in Ethiopia. It contributes to about 25 percent of total agricultural GDP. When the value of plough services is included, the sector contributes up to 45 percent of agricultural GDP (Asresie & Zemedu, 2015). Almost the entire rural population in the highlands and lowlands are involved in some form of animal production, which provides food, cash, traction, transportation and fuel. In lowland pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, livestock form the main source of livelihood and contribute to social prestige. The livestock subsector is still at the lowest state of development and still dependent on traditional production methods. Investment in livestock agriculture in Ethiopia has the potential to halve poverty, improve the food security of rural people and make livestock an increasing contributor to GDP growth (MoA & ILRI, 2013). Various strategies were undertaken with regards to livestock development throughout the country during the GTP I period. Between 2009/10 and 2014/15 the proportion of hybrid/improved cattle increased from 10.37 percent to 14.53% percent, while the number of improved hybrid cattle increased from 390,078 to 902,390 and the number of hybrid milking cows has increased from 140,428 to 297,788 (FDRE, 2016). Currently, the total meat and milk production of the country is estimated at 1,321 thousand tones and 5,304 million liters respectively. The total eggs and honey 2 The Agriculture sector is represented by three ministries - Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MoANR), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF) and State Minister of Environment, Forest Development and Climate Change (MoEFCC) 3 production also is estimated at 163 million and 60.7 thousand tons respectively. The total production of fish is estimated at 31.5 thousand tonnes (MoFED, 2016). The accomplishments with regards to natural resource conservation and development activities are identified as one of the success stories of the agriculture and environment sectors. Community based watershed developments have improved water, soil and biological resources. Through area closure, degraded lands have been rehabilitated. Accordingly, between 2009 and 2014 the area of land closed for rehabilitation increased from 3.2 to 10.9 million ha and community based watershed infrastructure development expanded to 20.2 million ha (MoFED 2016). The above achievements have been achieved as a result of government’s national policies, strategies, programmes and investments. Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) has been the central strategy of the government since the early 1900s when it gave the highest priority to the transformation of agriculture from subsistence livelihood to a market-oriented economic sector. This strategy has been the driving force for accelerating the country’s economic growth and development. This strategy has been further elaborated through sector specific policies and strategies such as Rural Development Policy and Strategy (MoA, 2003), Strategies for Pastoral Areas, Ethiopia Livestock Master Plan (ELMP), Policy Investment Framework (PIF), Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) I and II, the Food Security Strategy (2002) and its major programmes such as livelihood, safety net, resettlement and community investment. These policies and strategies were also further refined by successive five year development plans such as the Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Programme (2001), A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) (2005) and the Growth and Transformation Plans 1 and 2. In line with the policies, the agricultural objectives were set to increase productivity through increasing the capacity and extensive use of labor, proper utilization of agricultural land, linking specialization with diversification, integrating agricultural and rural development, and strengthening the agricultural marketing system (Chanyalew et al, 2010). The AGP is another large initiative, focused on high agriculture potential areas, designed to support agricultural productivity and commercialization to further accelerate the economic growth and transformation of the country by addressing key bottlenecks for agricultural growth. 1.2 The Nutrition Situation in Ethiopia: Despite the tremendous achievements in the sector, the problem of food and nutrition security remains a key main health and development issue for the country. The prevalence of stunting among children 6 to 59 months old is 40 percent and the prevalence of wasting and underweight in children is recorded to be 9 percent and 27 percent respectively. Micronutrient deficiency is also pervasive and severe across the country. About 44 percent of children under the age of five, 30 percent of adolescents, 22 percent of pregnant women and 17 percent of women of reproductive age are anemic. Studies have shown that dietary diversity and micronutrient status of individuals were positively correlated. (Arimond et al, 2011). The household dietary diversity was also shown to be affected by the diversity of agricultural production (Jonesa, Shrinivasb, & Bezner-Kerr, 2014). Though consumption of food from different food groups is good for optimum nutrition, the consumption of diverse diet is low in Ethiopia. For instance consumption of minimum acceptable diet by children in Ethiopia is only 4 percent, which is very low compared to other sub-Saharan countries (EDHS 2014). 4 Dependency on rain-fed agriculture and subsistent farming system, low genetic potential of indigenous animals and poor animal husbandry practices, limited access to water and animal feed, the widespread influence of disease and parasites, low coverage and quality of implementation of the agricultural extension system, low educational status of most farming households and pastoralists, land degradation, soil infertility, lack of gender sensitivity which is explained by low participation and benefit of women from agricultural technologies and interventions are among other factors contributing to the problem of under-nutrition. On average, female farm managers in Ethiopia produce 23 percent less per hectare than their male counterparts (MoA, 2015). Ethiopia’s female farmers face multiple challenges including access to land, extension services, inputs, technologies and also competing household and childcare responsibilities that hinder their productivity. Differences in both the levels of productive factors used, and the returns that these factors generate, drive the country’s gender gap to a substantial degree. Though diversification was part of the Ethiopian investment policy framework 2010-2019, the agriculture, livestock and fisheries sector focused primarily on increasing productivity, market oriented production of cash crops with minimum consideration of expansion of diverse food availability and overall nutrition security. Agriculture and livestock contribution to nutrition so far has been limited as the dietary diversity of the population is very low (Goshu et al, 2013). The FAO STAT (statistical database of FAO) 2011 also states that the food availability per-capita is limited especially for meat, fruit and vegetables. The agriculture and livestock sector has already put in place programs and initiatives that directly and indirectly contribute to better nutrition. The agriculture sector, represented by the three ministries, is one of the signatories of the NNP II, Seqota Declaration and Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Plan (CAADP) implementation and needs further attention and extra efforts to translate the planned activities into actions, with more emphasis on dietary diversification and proper utilization of foods of both plant and animal origin. The sector has also clearly incorporated nutrition objectives and indicators in its two flagship programs named AGP II and PSNP IV. Evidence have shown that mere nutrition specific interventions alone even with 90 percent coverage would only result in reduction of stunting by only 20 percent which clearly depicts that the need for implementing nutrition sensitive interventions through multi-sectoral approach to address the gap which are believed to impact for 80 percent reduction in stunting (Ruel, Alderman and MCNSG, 2013). Hence, the contribution of the agriculture and livestock sector, in this regard, is vital. Considering that about 84 percent of Ethiopians live in rural areas and are primarily engaged in farming and livestock rearing activities, initiating and strengthening Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) in the agriculture sector is critical. NSA aims to maximize the positive impact of the food system on nutrition outcomes while minimizing any unintended, negative consequences of agricultural policies and interventions for the population. It is a food and nutrition-based approach to agricultural development that focuses on year-round availability, access and consumption of diverse, safe and nutritious foods of plant and animal source and sustainable agricultural systems at the heart of overcoming malnutrition and its consequences. 1.3 Agriculture-Nutrition Linkage Framework: Agriculture and nutrition are intrinsically interlinked. The GTP II in May 2016 in subsection 6.2 states that the government of Ethiopia is determined to build a nutritionally secure country. Nutrition security, according to this document, is expected to be attained through efforts made in the areas of house hold food security, child and 5 maternal care, and healthy environment creation. Agricultural production is one of the important means of achieving food and nutrition security. Increasing agricultural productivity has the potential to improve household food security and nutrition of the population. A healthier and well- nourished agricultural labor force is more productive, earns more income, and contributes to further economic growth and development. The contribution of nutrition to the increase of agricultural labor force productivity is enormous. Therefore, Ethiopia’s NSA strategy focuses, among others, on the UNICEF 1990 causal relationship between house hold (HH) food security and malnutrition and death through inadequate dietary effect. This strategy, in addition to the dietary effect, also focuses on the low productivity of labor due to undernourishment on HH food security (Benson, 2005). In order to develop appropriate nutrition sensitive agricultural strategies, it is important to understand the linkage between agriculture and nutrition. Figure 1 below illustrates the linkages between agriculture and nutrition. The agriculture sector’s approach to addressing nutrition problems embraces three approaches that are similar to what is depicted in the Figure below. Figure 1: Conceptual Pathways between Agriculture and Nutrition (Adapted from: Stuart Gillespie, Jody Harris and Suneetha Kadiyala, 2012) There are multiple links that connect agriculture production to nutritional status. As illustrated above, improved production of diverse, safe and nutrient dense foods through a number of technologies is vital to ensure availability and access to foods. Improving income through on and off-farm agricultural activities is also one of the pathways to ensure food and nutrition security. The NNP describes that gender is the cause and consequence of hunger and malnutrition and gender inequality to be associated with higher levels of acute and chronic under-nutrition. The design and delivery of key nutrition sensitive agriculture messages to households using evidence-based 6 behaviour changes strategies can positively impact on nutrition. Therefore, the proposed nutrition sensitive interventions in this strategic document attempt to consider these three pathways as a means to improve production, income and food consumption at household level. In light of the evidence by Herforth & Harris (2014) and others, the government will approach Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture with a focus on agriculture and food through both dietary and labor productivity enhancing interventions. This requires review in the areas of agricultural research and extension programs which are mainly under the MoANR, MoLF and the BoA and other concerned institutions within regions. NSA also requires integration of nutrition education both at higher learning institutions as well as ATVETS levels. This requires review of the agricultural extension system of Ethiopia. The other systems that should address NSA issues in the sector are marketing and trade, multiplication and development, processing and consumption. Food market development, demand creation for diverse safe and nutritious food of plant and animal sources, and nutrition education focused on positive behavioural and dietary habit changes are catalysts which can bring about positive changes in nutrition. This strategy is developed to add value and create synergy between the agriculture sectors initiatives, with that of the National Nutrition Programme, the Seqota Declaration (a declaration to end hunger by 2030 in Ethiopia) and the CAADP, among others. The Strategy shall harness the full potential of the agriculture sector to improve the nutritional status of Ethiopians, especially mothers and children. The strategy serves as a tool to ensure policies, strategies; program, interventions and actors supporting the sector apply nutrition-sensitive food and agriculture-based approaches to agriculture sector to contribute in the improvement of nutritional status of the population in concern. 1.4 Gaps in the Agriculture Sector in Food and Nutrition: Agriculture and livestock have a large potential to impact on the underlying determinants of nutritional status of the population and the nutritional status is one of the independent determinates of agricultural productivity of farmers (Ruel et al, 2013). However, in the past, the Ethiopian agricultural system has not been explicitly nutrition sensitive and this affected the agriculture sector’s ability to impact fully on the nutritional situation of the country. The main gaps identified in the agriculture sector are illustrated as follows: (i) Most agriculture sector programs were focused on increased production, productivity and on high value crops for market and income with little emphasis on the nutrition issues. (ii) Most agricultural strategies, programmes and investments lacked the integration of nutrition objectives, indicators, targets into the strategies and work plans. (iii) The HH Food Security programs interventions have not adequately addressed nutrition issues (iv) Lack of sufficient supportive livestock development policy and institutional framework. Policy gaps exist in the areas of pastoralist livelihood resilience, dairy development, animal feed, animal breeding and animal health. (v) Low genetic potential of indigenous animals and poor livestock husbandry system for milk, meat, egg and honey. Livestock investment is focused mainly on head counts neglecting productivity and quality. 7 (vi) The contribution of fisheries to nutrition security is very low. (vii) Low coverage and quality of implementation of the agricultural extension system for both agriculture and livestock sector (viii) There is a lack of sufficient and appropriate technology development and dissemination for post-harvest handling (ix) There is a lack of food safety standards and guidelines for the agriculture sector (x) There is weak institutional set up and human resource capacity to fully integrate nutrition into the agriculture sector (xi) Nutrition is not integrated into the curriculum of agricultural colleges and universities (xii) Though collaboration frameworks exist (such as NNP), there are critical challenges in coordination for nutrition activities within the directorates of the agriculture sector, its affiliates and among the signatories of the NNP. (xiii) There is limited women and youth participation and acquisition of benefits from agriculture programming, investments and technologies (xiv) There is low levels of awareness in agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral communities on optimal dietary practices, storage, food handling, processing, and consumption of nutritious foods from animal and plant sources (xv) The country is still dependent on rain-fed agriculture, with low access and uptake of agricultural inputs and technologies 1.5 Opportunities to Integrate Nutrition in to the Agriculture and Livestock Sector: The following opportunities are believed to support the integration of nutrition issues into the agriculture sector. 1. The Government of Ethiopia’s commitment to improve nutrition has been reflected in:  Renewed commitment to end hunger and under-nutrition by 2030 using the Seqota Declaration as a movement campaign.  The priority given to ensure food security at household level.  Creating an enabling policy environment with GTP II, NNP II  The PSNP IV and AGP II are now nutrition sensitive. 2. Existence of nutrition sensitive agriculture program at national and global level that can provide evidence to document knowledge products for adoption and scale-up 3. Ethiopia is signatory to international commitments and declarations to end hunger and extreme poverty and ensure nutrition security: The CAADP, New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), the New Alliance for Food and Nutrition Security in Ethiopia, Scale Up of Nutrition initiatives (SUN) and COMPACT 2025 are among the international instruments committed to. 4. The strong interest of donors in nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions. 2 Scope, Rationale and Principles 9 CHAPTER TWO: SCOPE, RATIONAL AND PRINCIPLES 2.1 Scope: This document is a national strategy designed for the agriculture sector (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries and State Minister of Environment, Forest Development and Climate Change) and their respective affiliates3 and can be adapted by regional states and implementing partners. It is also expected to serve the urban and rural areas of the country for five years (2017 – 2021) and will be updated based on the policy and strategy changes when necessary. 2.2 Rationale: Agriculture is one of the key sectors that can and should play a vital role in improving the nutritional status of the population and contribute to the reduction of malnutrition in the country. Though the agriculture and livestock sector is committed to addressing malnutrition, the notion of nutrition sensitive agriculture is relatively new to the country and to the sector. There is no clear articulation of the approach and direction that the agriculture and livestock sector should take to meet its commitment to addressing malnutrition. Agriculture is also broad in terms of issues that the sector can and should address, and therefore the need to articulate nutrition into the agriculture programming, strategies and investments of the three agricultural ministries, their respective directorates and affiliate is crucial. Integration of nutrition into the three agriculture ministries starts from maintaining the quality of land and soil (natural resource conservation), provision of improved inputs (seed and fertilizers), agronomic practices (diversification, inter- cropping) and animal husbandry (animal breeding, animal feed and nutrition, animal health care and market), food storage and handling, post-harvest management, marketing, income and consumption or proper utilization of food. The strategic directions that should be taken requires clear structure, capacity and collaborations within and outside the agriculture sector and various institutions. In the absence of such a strategy, it would be difficult to coordinate and implement nutrition sensitive agriculture in the sector. Therefore, this strategy provides guidance on how to integrate nutrition objectives, and indicators into the existing agriculture policies, programming and investments and puts in place monitoring and evaluations systems and tools including periodic reporting and creating accountability at all levels. 2.3 Principles: The following are the key principles of the nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy:  Community participation and ownership  Special consideration for women, youth and children  Need and evidence based program planning and implementation  Innovative and indigenous knowledge based  Inclusive of relevant stakeholders and working at all levels  Multi-sectoral collaboration and coordination  Building competency based capacity of front-line service providers  Environmental friendliness and sustainability 3 Affiliates represent Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, ATVET, National Veterinary Institute, AGP II, Cooperatives and Unions, Rural Finance Intermediation Program, PSNP IV etc. 10 Goal and Strategic Objectives 11 CHAPTER THREE: GOAL & STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 3.1 Goal: The overall goal of the NSA strategy is to contribute to improving the nutritional status of children and women by increasing the quantity and quality of food available, accessible and affordable and promoting utilization of diverse, nutritious and safe foods for all Ethiopians at all times. 3.2 Strategic Objectives (SOs): The nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy has the following six strategic objectives: SO 1 To leverage nutrition into agriculture and livestock policies, strategies, programmes and work plans at all levels SO 2 To establish/ strengthen institutional and organizational structures and capacity responsible for planning and implementing nutrition sensitive agriculture SO 3 To increase year-round availability, access and consumption of diverse, safe and nutritious foods of both plant and animal origin SO 4 To enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral households and communities prone to climate change and moisture stress SO 5 To ensure women and youth empowerment and gender equality SO 6 To establish/strengthen multi-sectorial coordination within the agriculture sectors and with signatories of NNP and other development partners Strategic Objective # 1: To leverage nutrition into agriculture and livestock sector policies, strategies, programmes and work plans at all level The current agricultural policies and most of the agriculture and livestock sector strategies and programs do not explicitly aim to improve the nutritional status of communities and households. Therefore incorporation of nutrition objectives into the agricultural policies, strategies, programmes and investments documents is the first step in mainstreaming nutrition into agriculture sector and to ensure agricultural interventions are done with due consideration and with nutrition lens. Result 1.1 Integrated nutrition into agriculture and livestock sector policies, strategies, programmes and work plans at all level Initiatives 1.1.1 Mainstream nutrition interventions into agriculture policies, strategies programmes and investments Core Activities  Review and revise existing agricultural policies/strategies and programmes documents to incorporate nutrition  Conduct advocacy and sensitization on revised policies and strategies at all levels 12  Build implementation capacity of decision makers in the agricultural sector  Monitor the implementation of nutrition sensitive agricultural policies and strategies Strategic Objective # 2: To establish/strengthen institutional and organizational structure and capacity responsible for implementing nutrition sensitive agriculture MoANR has established a Food and Nutrition Case Team at federal level while MoLF has yet to establish one. The planning directorate under MoLF will take the responsibility of coordinating all directorates and implementing nutrition interventions. Affiliates of the agriculture sector are also expected to establish similar structures and staffing to integrate nutrition into their respective programming and annual work plans. Considering the magnitude of the work within the agriculture sector, appropriate and capacitated structures should be designed at all levels (Federal to kebele level). Furthermore, clear roles and responsibilities including an accountability system and capacity at all levels is required. As evidence-based approaches are the best customized way of dealing with issues in developing countries, planning, implementation and monitoring systems for nutrition must be well organized and therefore the establishment of a well-structured nutrition system in the agricultural sector is crucial. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen the existing nutrition case team at federal level and to establish nutrition structures at decentralized levels in the agriculture and livestock sectors. In addition, it is also vital to establish a nutrition information system and integrate this into the existing agriculture information systems. This will assist in monitoring the implementation of activities, evaluating the contribution of the agriculture sector to NNP, and to building the human resource capacity. More importantly, financial and logistical inputs from federal to kebele level should be leveraged to support established structures to implement nutrition sensitive interventions. While strengthening structures within the ministries, human resources from learning institutions, should be built as a matter of priority. The agriculture training institutions should be well trained and equipped to support the implementation of NSA. Therefore, a key task is to review and improve existing systems to meet current demands of addressing nutrition issues. This strategic objective therefore deals with addressing structure issues, developing the right human resource needed to improve food and nutrition security at household level. Result 2.1: Established/strengthened food and nutrition structure within MoANR and MoLF and its affiliates at all levels Initiatives 2.1.1 Establish and/or strengthen food and nutrition structure at national, regional, zonal, woreda and kebele levels. Core Activities  Conduct assessment on organizational structure and human resources and capacity needs  Establish/strengthen food and nutrition structure with in the agriculture sector at all levels 13  Establish/strengthen food and nutrition structure and supplies/equipment at Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training College (ATVETC) and Farmers Training Centers (FTC) Result 2.2: Build capacity of implementers on nutrition sensitive agriculture at all levels Initiatives 2.2.1. Improve capacity of the agriculture sector to implement nutrition sensitive agriculture Core Activities  Conduct capacity gap and needs assessment to determine the existing gaps  Develop standard and harmonized training materials and tools in NSA for the agriculture and livestock sector at all levels  Conduct awareness creation and needs-based training for service providers at all levels  Prepare nutrition sensitive agriculture implementation guidelines to facilitate smooth implementation of the nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy  Develop SBCC strategy for nutrition sensitive agriculture programming  Develop standard operational manual for demonstrations at FTCs  Revise and update these working documents on a regular basis  Establish a system for monitoring and evaluation of capacity related interventions Result 2.3: Revised curriculum of learning institutions and ATVETC with nutrition sensitive agriculture competencies Initiatives: 2.3.1. Incorporate nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies into curriculum of ATVETC Core Activities  Develop/ review nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies  Incorporate identified core competencies into the curriculum  Review and update the course contents  Provide the necessary teaching aids for the course  Build capacity of lecturers of ATVETCs on nutrition sensitive agriculture  Support institutions to conduct operational research on nutrition sensitive agriculture Initiative 2.3.2 Support education sector to incorporate nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies into curriculum of higher learning institutions Core Activities  Advocate to incorporate nutrition education into curricula of higher learning institutions  Develop nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies to be incorporated in to the curricula of higher learning agriculture institutions  Provide technical support to learning institutions in nutrition sensitive agriculture  Provide technical support to higher learning institutions to conduct nutrition sensitive agriculture research to support national nutrition program implementation  Support higher learning agriculture institutions to include nutrition sensitive agriculture in to their community service by creating linkage between FTC and higher learning agricultural institutions so as to use FTCs demonstration site for students’ practical exercises 14 Strategic Objective # 3 : Increase year-round availability, access and consumption of diverse, safe and nutritious foods Ethiopians, particularly rural households, use cereals as staple diets which are usually low in micronutrients and also do not contribute to dietary diversity. Though animal foods are dense in nutrient content, they are not widely used by society due to accessibility and affordability. There is low production and consumption of fruits and vegetables among farming communities. The production of diversified foods and consumption of nutritious foods among the farming community is constrained by a lack of knowledge on safe food groups and dietary diversity strategies, very limited access to farmland, inputs and relevant technologies, irrigation schemes, income, markets and sociocultural factors. Result 3.1. Increased production of diversified and nutrient dense foods Initiative 3.1.1. Increase production of fruit and vegetables Core Activities  Promote the production of improved fruit and vegetable at household, community and in schools using SBCC materials and tools  Support the establishment of fruit and vegetable nursery and demonstration sites at FTCs and model farmers Initiative 3.1.2. Increase production of staple crops and pulses Core Activities  Promote production of improved varieties of nutrient dense pulses and cereals  Promote intercropping and mixed farming technologies and practices  Promote production of bio fortified crops (e.g. High Iron Beans, quality protein maize [QPM], orange fleshed sweet potato [OFSP] etc) using Social and Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) materials and tools Initiative 3.1.3. Increase production of milk and dairy products Core Activities  Promote rearing of improved breeds of dairy animals (cattle, camels, goats)  Improving dairy husbandry technique through extension  Support the establishment of milk collection, chilling and processing centers  Promote value addition on milk and milk products  Develop appropriate animal feed development and improved feeding practices  Improve veterinary services both in coverage and quality  Promote school milk feeding through awareness creation  Promote and support input supply for dairy animals  Develop market strategy and market linkages 15 Initiative 3.1.4. Increase production of meat and meat product foods Core Activities  Promote rearing of improved breeds of meat animals (cattle, camels, shoats)  Improving the beef cattle husbandry techniques through extension  Developing abattoir services to supply hygienic and safe meat to the communities  Developing appropriate animal feed development and improved feeding practices  Developing sufficient veterinary services  Promote and support input supply for beef cattle  Develop market strategy and market linkages Initiative 3.1.5. Increase production of poultry and poultry product foods Core Activities  Promote the introduction of improved layers and broilers at household level and for commercial purposes  Promotion and introduction of school based poultry farms for students and rural women  Introduction of small scale poultry meat and egg markets in urban areas  Promotion on proper utilization of poultry meat and egg  Promote value addition on poultry and poultry products  Develop market strategy for poultry and poultry products  Develop appropriate poultry feed development and improved feeding practices  Create awareness on nutrient content and utilization of poultry meat and egg  Construct market center for poultry and poultry products and create market linkages  Establish sufficient veterinary services for poultry Initiative 3.1.6. Increase production of fish and fish source foods Core Activities  Promote aquaculture (introduction and expansion of fish, algae etc.)  Promote river fishery  Support community initiated fishery in small and large dams  Promote improved fishery management of lakes  Promote value addition on fish and fish products  Support improved fishery extension services  Promote and support input supply for fish  Develop market strategy and market linkages for fish Initiative 3.1.7. Increase production of honey and honey product Core Activities  Promote the introduction of improved bee colonies and apiculture inputs  Introduction of modern way of honey harvesting, extracting and packaging equipment  Introduction and promotion of flowers, fruit and shrub trees suitable for apiculture  Organize youth and women in groups to engage them in beekeeping  Promote value addition on honey and honey by-products  Support improved beekeeping extension services 16  Promote and support input supply for apiculture  Develop market strategy and market linkages for honey and by-products Initiative 3.1.8. Reduced post-harvest loss and improved food safety Core Activities  Identify key behavior challenges on harvesting, handling and storage of foods of animal and plant sources  Identify key messages and disseminate to households and communities using SBCC materials and tools on food safety and post-harvest technologies and practices  Ensure the safety of foods from plant and animal sources by raising awareness and training of households/communities and service providers  Provide extension services on harvesting, threshing and storage of agricultural produce  Provide extension services on processing, storage and packaging of animal source food  Raise awareness and train communities and service providers on food handling, storage, processing and consumption of safe and nutrition dense foods  Promote preservation and cold chain facility for vegetables, fruits, animal and fish products  Develop quality assurance and food safety guidelines of plant and animal origin  Establish shade for harvesting and packaging of perishable food items such as vegetables and fish Initiative 3.1.9 Increased capacity of farmer training centers Core Activities  Establish nutrition demonstration corner at FTCs  Establish and strengthen FTCs to promote diversified food crop production (agronomic practices) with due emphasis to female farmers  Strengthen FTCs to promote livestock husbandry and fishery  Strengthen DA’s capacity to train model farmers (male /female) on NSA including organizing farmer field days  Develop and disseminate training materials for FTC on NSA mainstreaming  Organize cooking demonstration in FTCs, schools and public gatherings for both men and women  Strengthen FTC to promote and demonstrate technologies (irrigation, post-harvest, food processing, female friendly etc) for year-round availability and access to nutritious foods Initiatives 3.1.10. Support Agricultural research institutions to develop and disseminate nutrition sensitive agricultural technologies Core Activities  Support research centers in training and provision of vital equipment to build their capacity  Identify, test and disseminate improved variety of crops and animals including indigenous foods  Develop and disseminate agricultural technologies for moisture stress areas to increase production and productivity of agriculture and livestock 17  Identify and scale-up selected best practices on preservation, storage and processing of fruit and vegetables and animal products at household and community levels  Support agriculture research institutions to conduct operational research works on improved and nutrition dense varieties e.g. bio-fortification  Develop and disseminate women’s labor and time saving technologies eg. energy saving stoves  Document and disseminate nutrition sensitive agricultural research findings  Establish Academic Center of Excellence in nutrition sensitive agriculture Initiative 3.1.11. Improve natural resource base to improve food availability Core Activities  Increase access to small scale irrigation for production of vegetables, fruits and animal feed for year round availability and supply  Protect and promote natural resource through activities like terracing, mulching, composting, establishment of tree and fruit nurseries and planting  Identify and promote production of locally available underutilized nutrient dense foods, including proper management of wild fruits  Promote fodder production on soil and water conservations structures  Promote zero grazing, cut and carry practices and protection of pasture land  Promote afforestation, area closure and introduction of bee keeping, multi-purpose tree species planting etc. Initiative 3.1.12. Engage cooperatives and private sector to promote nutrition sensitive interventions Core Activities  Provide farmers access to livestock and crop inputs (seed, recommended fertilizer etc.)  Support cooperatives and private sector to take up and multiply improved varieties plants and animals from research centers  Support /establish agro business centers  Support the establishment of milk collection and marketing centers  Facilitate market linkage for animal and plant source foods  Create and enabling environment to facilitate cooperatives and private sectors’ capacity to engage in storage, processing and transportation of foods  Promote the production and marketing of fortified flours through farmers’ cooperatives and private sectors Result 3.2. Increased consumption of safe, diverse and nutrient dense foods at household levels Initiative 3.2.1. Increase consumption of safe, diverse and nutrient dense foods of animal and plant sources at household levels with particular attention to women and children using evidence based SBCC materials and tools and appropriate channels. Core Activities  Identify key consumption behavior barriers and bottlenecks  Develop and disseminate SBCC materials to address key consumption gaps  Promote consumption of nutrient dense foods from animal and plant sources 18  Promote the consumption of bio and commercially fortified crops (High Iron Beans, QPM and OFSP etc.  Demonstrate safe food preparation programs for communities at FTCs in collaboration with health extension workers  Promote increased consumption of meat, milk, dairy products, eggs and fish  Promote small scale technologies for preserving and processing of perishable foods  Support preparation and consumption of complementary food for children under two using locally available resources Strategic Objective # 4: Enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoral and pastoral communities and households prone to climate change and moisture stress The Ethiopian agricultural sector is mainly dependent on rain-fed agriculture with little attention to the livestock sector which makes the country highly susceptible to climate change. This has affected chronic and transitory food and has created nutrition insecurity in the moisture stress areas of the country. Thus, concerted efforts need to be exerted to build the resilience of drought prone communities and vulnerable groups to anticipate, cope with and recover from stress and shocks through various food security and livelihood programs like PSNP. The government has a clear Climate Resilient Green Economy policy, Climate Smart Agriculture strategy, and Disaster Risk Management Policy to mitigate the impact of climate change on food and nutrition security at national and household level. The agriculture sector will continue to implement the Disaster Risk Management and Climate Smart Agriculture with quality and at scale, giving attention to improving nutrition and food security for vulnerable rural and urban households. Result 4.1 Strengthened resilience of food insecure and vulnerable households and communities by incorporating nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions and practices into the resource transfer programs/projects Initiatives 4.1.1. Mainstream nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions and practices into resource transfer programs Core Activities  Provide support on the use soft conditionality to households with children under two years, pregnant and lactating mothers, people living with HIV and people with disabilities  Provide extension services to off and on-farm activities  Promote the use of dry land farming and animal husbandry practices through moisture harvesting technologies, introduction of early maturing and drought tolerant crops and animals varieties  Promote the production and consumption of locally available nutrient dense foods  Support in collection & dissemination of early warning data from and to households and communities for early action and response of any potential hazard/disaster Initiatives 4.1.2. Integrate nutrition issues in to the households and communities coping mechanisms Core Activities  Conduct assessment and analysis on the existing coping strategies of the community 19  Promote and support the use of sustainable and nutrition-sensitive copping strategies among the households and communities. Strategic Objective # 5: Ensure women and youth empowerment and gender equality Gender is the cause and consequence of hunger and malnutrition and also associated with higher levels of acute and chronic under-nutrition. Women engage in a wide range of on and off-farm activities and have been victims of various harmful traditional practices which influence household food distribution specifically affecting women access to adequate food with in the household. In the Ethiopian context, men decide on issues that would affect women’s decision making ability on resources, expenditure of income and consumption. Improvements in gender equality can significantly reduce child malnutrition rates (World Bank 2013). This has been evidenced by success in improved diet or nutritional status as a result of women’s active involvement and critical role in projects (Herforth et al 2012). It is vital for women to be at the center of nutrition related interventions both in the rural and urban settings. Women in low-income households are typically fully occupied in a wide array of activities including feeding and care giving to children, the sick, and the old, collecting water and fuel, preparing food and performing household chores. Result 5.1 Empowered women and youth and enhanced their role in nutrition sensitive agriculture Initiative 5.1.1 Increased access to resources and inputs for women and youth Core Activities  Advocate for revision of land use policy in favor of agriculture and livestock production for both small scale or commercial purposes  Provide agriculture extension services and inputs for youth and women (for both female heads and married women)  Organize the youth and women in groups and engage them in income generating activities from agriculture, livestock and natural resources  Increase female membership and leadership in cooperatives and farmers’ groups  Strengthen awareness of youth and female farmers on nutrition sensitive production & consumption Initiative 5.1.2 Create job opportunities for youth and women to generate income through on and off-farm activities to improve production and productivity of agriculture and livestock produce Core Activities  Conduct assessment to identify vulnerable target groups in a given community  Organize landless and jobless youth and women in groups and/or saving groups  Conduct assessment of potential income generating activities in a given community to identify feasible business models on agriculture and livestock interventions 20  Promote and support the youth and women groups in providing inputs (seed money/ revolving fund, piece of land, housing and equipment etc.) to start and engage in income generating activities.  Organizing youth and women farmers’ groups in dairy, poultry, shoat, fattening, beekeeping, vegetable and fruit production and processing and marketing to generate income and improve availability and access  Provide training and technical support to youth and women groups on income generating activities, business development services, accounting and financial management  Facilitate credit and credit linkages with microfinance institutions  Support in promotion of income generating activities (IGA) products and facilitate market access and market linkages  Promote value chain of IGA products to attract markets and increase income. Initiative 5.1.3 Promote labor and energy saving technologies to reduce women’s workload Core Activities  Identify, test and demonstrate labor and time saving technologies  Promote labor and time saving technologies at FTCs Initiative 5.1.4 Promote gender sensitivity in nutrition sensitive agriculture at all levels Core Activities  Develop and disseminate tools to assess women’s involvement and benefits from nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions  Monitor and analyze youth and women’s empowerment and benefits from NSA interventions Initiative 5.1.5 Address socio-cultural issues Core Activities  Promote active male involvement in feeding and caring practices  Develop and disseminate SBCC materials and tools to address socio-cultural barriers to women’s nutrition 21 Strategic Objective # 6: To establish and strengthen strong multi-sectorial coordination within the agriculture sectors and with signatories of NNP and other development partners Building strong relationships and linkages with different directorates and sections within the agriculture sector, among the three agriculture sector ministries and with other key actors would contribute to achieving the desired results (objectives and goals) reflected in the NNP. It improves exchange of information, quality of plans, interventions and evaluation of outcomes. The nutrition sensitive agriculture strategic plan will be implemented with strong commitment and involvement of relevant stakeholders from the agriculture and livestock sectors. The three agriculture sector ministries will exert efforts to closely work together at directorate, sector and office levels and also establish appropriate linkages with NNP implementing partners working both in nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions. Result 6.1 Strengthened intra and inter-sectorial nutrition coordination at all levels Initiative 6.1.1. Ensure coordination for NSA within the agriculture sectors Core Activities  Set up a strong nutrition body in MoANR, MoLF and MoEFDCC and their respective affiliated institutions  Organize regular planning and review meetings with appropriate directorates and sectors of the agriculture ministries  Conduct regular monitoring and supportive supervision on nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions  Host bi-annual/annual learning events to exchange information, promising practices and knowledge products on NSA  Establish and strengthen nutrition linkages in various agriculture programs/projects (PSNP IV, AGP II, drought resilience sustainable livelihood program etc.).  Establish and strengthen the linkage between ATVETC and FTCs to use FTCs for practical demonstration sites for students learning and in-service trainings Initiative 6.1.2 Strengthen linkages with NNP actors and other relevant development partners Core Activities  Establish nutrition sensitive agriculture forum/taskforce to establish and strengthen strong linkages with donors, UN agencies, NGOs, academia, researchers and private sectors to jointly plan, implement and monitor NSA interventions  Improve capacity of the agriculture sector to actively engaged in co-chairing the nutrition coordination body of the NNP to improve implementation and adequately address NSA issues  Actively engage in strengthening the national and regional nutrition coordination bodies and technical committees  Strengthen the institutional linkages at grassroots level, e.g. between health extension workers and development agents for improved nutrition practices at household level 22 Monitoring and Evaluation 23 CHAPTER FOUR: MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring and evaluation of nutrition sensitive agriculture interventions will be part of the agriculture sector’s framework and will be integrated in to the performance evaluation accountability and reporting framework of the agriculture sector. A reporting structure will be established which includes key nutrition sensitive agriculture indicators to monitor progress against target. The monitoring and evaluation aspect of the nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy include:  Provision of the necessary support to establishing comprehensive monitoring and implementation systems, tools and capacities in the Planning and Program Directorates (PPDs) of various ministries and bureaus of agriculture for nutrition within the agriculture sector.  Review the implementation of NNP II on regular basis (e.g. bi-annually and annually).  Ensure the incorporation of appropriate nutrition sensitive agriculture indicators and targets in the agriculture sectors’ work plans at federal, regional, zonal, woreda and kebele level  Develop key nutrition sensitive agriculture indicators and integrate them into the agriculture sector’s joint supportive supervision checklists to monitor progress  Integrate the recording, analysis and reporting of nutrition data, if possible, disaggregated by sex and age within the existing agriculture sector information systems  Build the capacity of staff for the agriculture sector in data management at all levels to collect and analyze data to see progress, trends and changes over time and use the information for planning and decision making.  Conduct surveys and assessments, undertake research and evaluations to measure progress and document knowledge products for designing and implementation of nutrition sensitive agriculture 24 Five Year Strategic Plan 25 Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Five Year Strategic Plan Result Initiatives Indicator Base line Target Means of Verification Responsible Unit 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Strategic Objective 1: To leverage nutrition into agriculture and livestock sector policy/strategies and program documents at all level Result 1.1 Integrate nutrition into agriculture sector policy, strategies and program documents at all levels Initiative 1.1.1 Mainstream nutrition interventions into the agriculture policies, strategies, programs & investment and action plans # of policy, strategy, and programs documents with incorporated nutrition objectives, indicators and targets NA - 3 5 - - Review of documents Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoFEP Strategic Objective 2: To establish/strengthen institutional and organizational structure and capacity responsible for implementation of nutrition sensitive agriculture Result 2.1: Established / strengthened food & nutrition structure within MoANR and MoLF and its affiliates at all levels Initiative 2.1.1 Establish and strengthen food and nutrition structure at national, regional, zonal, woreda & kebele level # of agriculture sector ministries and institutions establish/strengthen nutrition structures 1 - 3 8 - - Progress report Assessment report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC Result 2.2: Build capacity of implementers on nutrition sensitive agriculture at all levels Initiative 2.2.1 Build capacity of the agriculture sector to implement nutrition sensitive agriculture # of capacity needs assessment conducted 1 - - 1 - 1 Progress report Assessment report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC # of standard training materials on NSA developed and disseminated NA - 1 1 - - # ToT facilitated based on standard training packages NA - 4 4 8 8 # of NSA implementation manuals developed and disseminated NA - - 1 1 - # of SBCC strategies for NSA developed and disseminated NA - 1 - - - Result 2.3: Revised curriculum of higher education institutions and ATVETC with nutrition sensitive agriculture competencies. Initiative 2.3.1 Incorporate nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies into curriculum of agriculture ATVETC # number of core competencies developed/reviewed NA - 1 - - - Review of documents Progress report Assessment report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC # number of curricula incorporated with nutrition core competencies NA - 1 - - - # of teaching aids developed NA - 1 - - - # of trainings conducted for ATVETC instructors NA - 1 - 1 - 26 Initiative 2.3.2 Support education sector to develop and incorporate nutrition sensitive agriculture core competencies into curriculum of learning institutions # number of core competencies developed/reviewed NA - 1 - - - Review of documents Assessment report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC # number of curricula incorporated nutrition core competencies NA - 1 - - - # of teaching aids developed & disseminate NA - 1 - - - # of trainings conducted for learning institutions NA - 1 - 1 - Strategic Objective 3. Increase year-round availability, access, and consumption of diverse, safe, and nutritious foods of animal and plant sources Result 3.1. Increased production of diversified and nutrient dense foods Initiative 3.1.1 Increase production of fruit and vegetables Thousands of tons of fruits and vegetables produced 3866.3 - 5000 5438 5915.3 5915.3 Report from the ministry Report from zonal capital Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) # of fruits and vegetable nursery sites established NA - 11 14 17 20 Proportion of households with backyard gardening NA - 25 30 35 40 Proportion of urban households in zonal capitals with urban gardening NA - 10 15 20 25 Initiative 3.1.2 Increase production of staple crops and pulses Nutrient dense staple crops and pulses produced (in million quintals) (15% of the total producse) 270.0 - 345.7 374.7 406.3 406.3 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) # of bio-fortified crops promoted 2 - 5 5 8 10 Initiative 3.1.3 Increase production of animal source foods Proportion of woredas with at least one milk collection center NA - 2 3 4 5 Report from extension directorate Report from MoANR & MoLF Liters of milk (in million liters) 5,304 - 5,938 6,610 7,051 9,418 Initiative 3.1.4. Increase production of meat and meat product foods Thousands of tons of meat produced 1,321 - 1,652 1,805 1,966 2,103 Initiative 3.1.5. Increase production of poultry and poultry product foods # of eggs (in millions) 163 - 1581 2382 3148 3938 # of poultry reproduction centers established NA - 8 12 16 20 Proportion of urban and rural households with caged poultry production NA - 2 3 4 5 Initiative 3.1.6. Increase production of fish and fish source foods Proportion of potential lakes with fish producing groups supported NA - 10 20 30 50 27 # of community ponds established 1500 - 1700 1800 1900 2000 Initiative 3.1.7. Increase production of honey Metric tons of honey produced 60.7 - 86 98.6 111.2 123.9 Report from honey and wool development directorate Initiative 3.1.8: Reduced postharvest loss and improved food safety Type and number of SBCC materials on safety and post-harvest technology developed NA - 2 - - - Report from cooperatives Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) MoLF # of awareness creation events on food safety conducted NA - 2 1 2 1 Types of postharvest handling and processing technologies introduced NA - 2 2 2 2 Initiative 3.1.9 Increased capacity of farmer training centers Proportion of FTCs with food and nutrition demonstration corner NA - 20 30 40 50 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) MoLF # of standardized training materials and job aids developed NA - - 2 - - Proportion of FTC supported with appropriate technologies for demonstration NA - 15 20 25 30 Initiatives 3.1.10 Support agricultural research institutions to promote nutrition sensitive agriculture Proportion of research institutions supported to establish/strengthen to promote NSA NA - 20 30 40 50 Progress report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC # of nutrient dense improved varieties developed and disseminated 2 - 5 5 8 10 # of appropriate post-harvest handling & processing technologies identified and disseminated NA - 2 3 4 5 Initiative 3.1.11 Improve natural resource base to improve food availability Proportion of farmers using small scale irrigation 2 - 5 10 15 20 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) Hectare of land covered with multipurpose trees (fruits) through watershed management. NA - 15 20 25 30 Initiative 3.1.12 Engage cooperatives and private sector to promote nutrition sensitive interventions Proportion of cooperatives and private sectors engaged in supply of nutrition sensitive inputs and food products NA - 10 15 20 25 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) MoLF 28 Result 3.2 Increased consumption of safe, diverse and nutrient dense foods at household level Initiative 3.2.1 Increase consumption of safe, diverse and nutrient dense foods at household Percentage of women consuming diversified meal (> 4 food groups) 20.3 - 25 27 29 31 Survey Report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) MoLF Minimum dietary diversity score of children under two years 9.8 - 21.8 27.8 33.8 40 Strategic Objective 4: Enhance resilience of vulnerable agrarian, agro-pastoralist and pastoralist communities and households prone to climate change and moisture stress Result 4.1 Strengthened resilience of food insecure and vulnerable households and communities by incorporating key NSA messages and practices into the resource transfer programs/projects Initiatives 4.1.1 Mainstream nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions and practices into resource transfer programs Type and number of NSA key messages and practices integrated in to resource transfer programs NA - 5 5 - - Progress report Assessment report Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC # of NSA indicators integrated into the early warning information system NA - 2 - - - Initiatives 4.1.2 Integrate nutrition issues into the households and communities’ coping mechanisms # of assessments conducted on existing coping strategies NA - - 1 - - Assessment report Review of documented strategies Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFDCC # of sustainable coping strategies documented and disseminated NA - - 1 - 1 Strategic Objective 5: Increased women’s and youth’s empowerment and gender equality Result 5.1 Empowered women and enhanced their role in nutrition sensitive agriculture Initiative 5.1.1 Increase access to resources and inputs for women Proportion of women engaged in income generating activities NA - 10 15 20 25 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC Initiative 5.1.2: Create job opportunities for youth and women Number of job opportunities for youth and women created and income generated through agriculture and livestock interventions in thousands 1033 1615 2247 2979 3761 4705 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team(MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC Initiative 5.1.3 Promote labor and energy saving technologies to reduce women’s workload Types of energy and time saving technologies promoted NA - 4 6 8 10 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team(MoANR) Proportion of women with access to labor and time saving technologies NA - 15 20 30 40 Initiative 5.1.4 Promote gender sensitivity in nutrition sensitive agriculture at all levels Number of assessments conducted to ensure gender sensitivity of NSA interventions NA - 1 - 1 - Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team(MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC Initiative 5.1.5 Address socio-cultural issues Number of awareness creation campaigns conducted on socio-cultural issues NA - 1 1 1 1 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC 29 Strategic Objective 6: To establish/strengthen strong multi-sectorial coordination within the agriculture sector and with signatories of NNP II & other development partners Result 6.1 Strengthen intra and inter sectoral nutrition coordination at all level Initiative 6.1.1 Ensure coordination for nutrition sensitive agriculture within the agriculture sector # of knowledge sharing events organized NA - 2 2 4 4 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR), MoLF & MoEFCC Initiative 6.1.2 Strengthen linkages with NNP actors and other relevant national development partners # of NBC meetings attended NA - 2 2 2 2 Report from extension directorate Food and nutrition case team (MoANR) # NTC meetings attended NA - 4 4 4 4 # of NSA working groups established 2 - 2 - - - # of NSA task forces established NA - 1 - - - 30 REFERENCES Arimond, M., Wiesmann, D., Becquey, E., Carriquiry, A., Daniels, M., Deitchler, M., . . . 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