Brunei Darussalam National Climate Change Policy

7 Jamadilakhir 1439 bersamaan dengan 23 Februari 2018 "Di arena antarabangsa, Negara Brunei Darussalam akan terus mengamalkan sikap hormat menghormati dan mengekalkan hubungan baik dengan negara-negara lain. Kita akan turut berusaha menangani isu-isu yang menjadi tumpuan masyarakat antarabangsa seperti ... perubahan iklim." Petikan Titah KEBAWAH DULi YANG MAHA MULIA PADUKA SERI BAGINDA SULTAN HAJI HASSANAL BOLKIAH MU'IZZADDIN WADDAULAH IBNI AL-MARHUM SULTAN HAJI OMAR 'ALI SAIFUDDIEN SA'ADUL KHAIRI WADDIEN, SULTAN DAN YANG DI-PERTUAN NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Titah Sempena Ulang Tahun Keputeraan Baginda Yang Ke-73 Tahun

12 Zulkaedah 1440 bersamaan dengan 15 Julai 2019 "Di peringkat antarabangsa, Negara Brunei Darussalam akan terus mengamalkan dasar hormat menghormati sesama negara tanpa mengira apa jua ideologi ... Brunei juga akan terus komited, tidak akan menarik diri dari bekerjasama dengan masyarakat antarabangsa untuk menangani cabaran-cabaran semasa yang utama, seperti isu perubahan iklim ... 11 .J r Contents Maqasid of the Shari'ah Strategies 20 Strategy 1 Industrial Emissions 22 Message from the Council Strategy 2 Forest Cover 26 Strategy 3 Electric Vehicles 30 Climate Change Impacts in Strategy 4 Renewable Energy 34 Brunei Darussalam Strategy 5 Power Management 38 Strategy 6 Carbon Pricing 42 Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2018 Strategy 7 Waste Management 46 Policy Statement 12 Strategy 8 Climate Resilience & Adaptation 50 Strategy 9 Carbon Inventory 54 Strategies Overview 13 Strategy 10 Awareness & Education 58 National Circumstances 15 Summary of Action Plan Timeline 62 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 16 Policy Governance 64 Scenario 2035 Abbreviation 66 Policy Framework 18 Glossary 67 Acknowledgement 69 Maqasid of the Shari'ah The Preservation and Promotion of Faith (M1) The Preservation and Promotion of Life (M2) The Preservation and Promotion of lntelled (M3) The Preservation and Promotion of Progeny (M4) The Preservation and Promotion of Wealth (MS) There is a warming in Rainfall patterns show the mean temperature, an intensifying trend in increasing at a rate of the total rainfall amount, 0.25°C per decade from increasing at a rate of 4 the year 1970 100mm per decade In the next 30 years, From the year 2021 to 2051, rainfall Brunei will likely to projection indicates an increasing experience an increase in rate of 5.0mm per year 2 temperature at a rate of 0.4°C per decade 1 Corals in Littledale Shoal, an hour The changes in climate Since 1970, 40% away from Serasa beach, have already will likely lengthen the of all wildlife experienced some bleaching events transmission seasons of biodiversity has which can be attributed to rising ocean vector-borne diseases been lost from forest HI @ degradation temperature and higi ; ;n;.~ ' ,t. Brunei will likely see an increase Studies suggest high The changes in weather in sea level rise within the next ~ temperature and humidity pattern will alter the 30-50 years. By 2100, sea level Ill will increase our exposure to phenology of our local can reach up to 1.2 meters vector-borne diseases such biodiversity, further making globally as dengue, malaria and zika in our wildlife vulnerable Brunei Darussalam 91.2% C02 Policy Statement This policy has been established to pave for Brunei Darussalam's low carbon and climate-resilient pathways for a sustainable nation. 12 Strategies The Brunei Darussalam National Climate Change Policy shall adopt ten key strategies with 2035 as a general target year. INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS FOREST COVER Reduce overall emissions in the Increase carbon sink 1 industrial sector through zero routine flaring and to As Low As 2 through afforestation and reforestation with a target of Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). planting 500,000 new trees. ELECTRIC VEHICLES

3 Increase total share of Electric Vehicles to 60% of total annual vehicle sales. Maqasid of the Shari'ah Wawasan Brunei 2035 Brunei Darussalam National Climate Change Policy Industrial Emissions Forest Cover ~ Electric Vehicles ~- Renewable Energy .Jw Power Management $02 Carbon Pricing ...... ~ - IIII Waste Management ~(t Climate Resilience & Adaptation Carbon Inventory iii Awareness & Education 18 t CO-LEAD AGENCIES MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT & INFOCOMMUNICATIONS AND MINISTRY OF ENERGY

2 Collaborate with key relevant Government agencies, main industry players and the private sectors in identifying and implementing measures to promote the use of EV.

3 Identify and implement measures to shift public preference from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) to EV.

4 Develop measures to manage use of EV and ensure sustainable use of EV. MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT & INFOCOMMUNICATIONS AND MINISTRY OF ENERGY P.hoto courtesy ot Ministry of.Energy 7 z /

1 Establish local competencies towards a regional centre of excellence in renewable energy.

2 Facilitate seamless integration of renewable energy mix into the national power generation mix.

3 Establish financial mechanisms to support renewable energy research, development and deployment.

4 Establish attractive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) packages for different types of renewable energy sources and technologies. Introduce green bonds or green :S- sukuk to finance renewable energy 31: projects. ~ Impose mandatory directive to Encourage local SM Es to focus on energy-intensive users and utility ~ new businesses across renewable companies to attain renewable c energy development, construction, energy certificates. commissioning through to operations and maintenance. Conduct preliminary grid impact assessment at every level of grid C Establish a coalition between to ensure interconnection stability C: Government, industry, higher learning en within grids. institutions and the communities m throu h research collaboration C education, awareness and upskilling. Establish a land gazettal process for ~ renewable energy photovoltaic. c Timeline f) (9 2020 0 e 2025 • 2030 e 2035 i Integrate i Establish net iIntroduce iEncourage iEstablish a i Establish renewable metering green local SMEs land gazettal research and energy bonds process development requirements or green collaboration into green sukuk building codes Note: The Sustainable Energy Division, Ministry of Energy, as Lead Agency for this strategy shall develop a Renewable Energy Roadmap and Framework respectively that will serve as the detailed operational document for implementation. 37 P.hoto courtesy of Ministry of Energy

4 Optimise generation and load dispatch to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Replace conventional street lights ~ with LED lights. VI Impose a minimum efficiency of 48% C for new power plant. c; Expand EEC Building Guidelines to C residential and commercial sectors. ~ Review electricity tariff for the VI . I sector. commerc1a m c Decommission inefficient single-cycle C power plants. c; Identify opportunities for U'I dig!talisat1on to promote smart ~ nation.

1 Establish comprehensive assessment on the most appropriate model for carbon pricing in Brunei Darussalam, including emissions threshold and cost per C02e.

83 Adopt best practices on MRV system o:, S in the region and enhance internal R capacities in the area. VI RECYCLE CANS HERE ::!!: Q. Promote and implement waste Increase education and awareness c C ... 0 minimisation practices and strategies in public institutions, commercial .,, m ;::a among the public on the importance of practicing 3R. ra ;::a w > w 0 sector and industrial sector. (J IL z 0 ~ ~ Normalise the practice of waste ~ segregation at source by households. ;g most viable option(s) to minimise the c use of landfills. Identify opportunitie~ for digitalisation ~ to promote smart nation. o Timeline e (P 2020 • 0 8 2025 2030 2035 i Promote and iNormalise iIncrease iEmpower iPursue implement the practice education the youth to waste-to- waste of waste and champion in energy minimisation segregation awareness environmental technology practices and activities options strategies Note: Lead Agency for this strategy shall establish detailed operational document for implementation. 49 Conduct research and assessment on long-term sea level rise. i 0 (EIA) and Directives to ensure u :E c( environmental sustainability. Conduct long-term assessment on ~ ~ ii2a~ the rise in temperature and rainfall in S:: \.'.) <( - WW Brunei Darussalam. c O Z a,: <( ::, V UJ a,: w Establish a national climate risk framework to outline climate ,, ...J al Ill resilience initiatives within new and existing develoemental and physical :eC Mobilising different research areas in order to provide assets, tools, Ill n infrastructures (i.e. Green Building knowledge and financial support n en Initiatives). towards bolstering climate resilience. Conduct long-term assessment and Increase participation and monitoring on the impact of climate Ill engagement from the public and m n R change in Brunei Darussalam (i.e. n en private sectors to create well- implication of flood, haze etc. to informed community on climate en health). change to improve climate resilience. Timeline 0 0 0 0 0 e 2020 2025 2030 2035 i Establish an iEstablish i Conduct research i Increase iConduct long- i Mobilise integrated a national and assessment and participation term assessment different approach to climate temperature rise, and and monitoring research manage the risk long-term sea level engagement on the impact areas environment framework rise, and extreme from the public of climate weather impacts and private change in Brunei sectors Darussalam Note: Lead Agency for this strategy shall establish detailed operational document for implementation. 53 Report all types of GHG; C02, CH4, ~ N20, SF6, HFCs and PFCs. ~ key mitigation effort. Submit monthly and yearly inventory ~ ~port. ~ Timeline 0 2020 • e Ql 2021 e 2025 2035 i Capacity i i i Establishment Mandatory Mandatory iReal-time online building for of standard reporting reporting reporting stakeholders reporting (yearly) (monthly) system Note: 1. This Directive shall be further developed by the lead agency. 2. Monthly submission must be made no later than two months from the end of the reference month and yearly submission must be made no later than six months from the end of the reference year. 57

1 Incorporate climate change mitigation and adaptation elements into all levels of the school education system, both curriculum and co-curriculum . Establish educational development and Establish a coalition between w C> awareness initiatives to ensure long-term S:: Government, industry, higher learning cn z c( societal change at primary, secondary, and 0 institutions and the communities through m :i:: tertiary levels. m V Renewable Energy research, collaboration, C w education, awareness and upskilling. >- !.i Conducting regular out-reach programmes o:, to increase awareness among the general n public on climate change issues. ~ Re-energise awareness, develop competencies and engage stakeholders S:: and communities in reducing industrial m emissions. m ••• ~ ,o Educational development Revise policies Human programmes capital and skill set o:ri ~ Land Research and development gazettal process collaboration I Waste-to-energy ~-- Youth technology options empowerment ttt ~ Increase Conduct long-term assessment participation on climate change impacts Policy Governance The Brunei Darussalam National Climate Change Policy will be administered by the Brunei Climate Change Secretariat through the existing climate governance. Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change YB Minister of Development YB Minister of Energy Co-Chair Co-Chair YB Minister of Primary YB Minister of Transport & YM Deputy Minister of Resources & Tourism lnfocommunications Energy Member Member Member Executive Committee on Climate Change PERMANENT SECRETARY Ministry of Energy Chair CEO HENGYI MD BSP PSPMO PS MOD PS MTIC PS MPRT PS MOHA PS MOFE SGAGC Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member CO-FOUNDER PRESIDENT PRESIDENT MD BLNG MDPB GMMC GREEN BRUNEI PUJA BATA Ad Hoe Ad Hoe Ad Hoe Ad Hoe Ad Hoe Ad Hoe Member Member Member Member Member Member Mitigation Adaptation & Resilience Support Framework Working Group Working Group Working Group Deputy Permanent Deputy Permanent Deputy Permanent Secretary Secretary Secretary ME MOHA Chair Chair Chair 64 POLICY REVIEW The Brunei Darussalam National Climate Change Policy is to be reviewed biannually by the Brunei Climate Change Secretariat and reported to the Executive Committee on Climate Change and the Brunei Darussalam National Council on Climate Change. POLICY Strategy 1: Industrial Emissions Mitigation Working Group MONITORING Strategy 2: Forest Cover Mitigation Working Group The policy strategies shall Strategy 3: Electric Vehicles Mitigation Working Group be monitored on a regular basis Strategy 4: Renewable Energy Mitigation Working Group at respective Working Groups. Strategy 5: Power Management Mitigation Working Group Strategy 6: Carbon Pricing Support Framework Working Group Strategy 7: Waste Management Mitigation Working Group Strategy 8: Climate Resilience & Adaptation and Resilience Adaptation Working Group Strategy 9: Carbon Inventory Support Framework Working Group Strategy 10: Awareness & Education Support Framework Working Group 65 Abbreviation Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam Brunei Climate Change Secretariat (Ministry of Development) Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Department (Ministry of Transport and lnfocommunications) Darussalam Enterprise Department of Electrical Services (Ministry of Energy) Department of Environment, Parks and Recreation (Ministry of Development) Department of Mechanical and Electrical Services (Ministry of Development) Electric Vehicles Joint Task Force Forestry Department (Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism) Land Transport Department (Ministry of Transport and lnfocommunications) Mitsubishi Corporation Ministry of Energy Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance and Economy Ministry of Transport and lnfocommunications Public Works Department (Ministry of Development) Survey Department (Ministry of Development) Sustainable Energy Division (Ministry of Energy) Smart Nation Office (Ministry of Transport and lnfocommunications) Town and Country Planning (Ministry of Development) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 66 Glossary The act of planting trees on an area of land where there was no previous tree cover. Emissions of greenhouse gas caused by human activities. A risk management which attempts to lower cost through the implementation of risk reduction strategies. To continue working in the normal or usual way. A process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and stored in plants, soils, geologic formations, and the ocean. Any natural vegetation that absorbs more carbon than it releases i.e. vegetation and the ocean. A market-based tool to limit GHG emissions by allowing firms or countries to buy and sell carbon permits and credits. The ability to minimize risks from climate induced disasters. A change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels. The action of reducing the severity of climate change impacts. Strengthening the ability of human and non-human systems to withstand and respond to changes in the earth's climate, and it can be thought of as a way to bridge the conceptual divide between mitigation approaches to climate change on the one hand and adaptation approaches on the other. When corals expel algae living in their tissue, due to water that is too warm, causing the coral to turn completely white. To remove or withdraw from service. An authoritative decision from an official body, which may or may not have binding force. A vehicle that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. 67 A report assessment evaluating the likely environmental consequence of a plan, policy or projects. A gas combustion that is released into the atmosphere by petroleum refineries and chemical plants. An investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country. A form of hydrocarbon formed from the remains of dead plants and animals i.e. coal and gas. Created to fund projects that have positive environmental and/or climate benefits. Gaseous constituents of the athmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic Waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes. A vehicle with an engine that is generated by the burning of petrol, oil, or other fuel with air inside the engine. A reporting provisions for climate change mitigation. Periodic biological phenomena of plants and animals that are correlated with climate conditions. A company that engages in the generation and distribution of electricity. The process of replanting a depleted or deforested area with trees. Energy from a source that is not depleted when used. Illnesses that are transmitted by vectors, which include mosquitoes, ticks and fleas. The controlled release of unburned gases directly into the atmosphere. Brunei Darussalam's long-term vision that aspires to develop into a nation which will be recognized for the accomplishment of its educated and highly skilled people measured by the highest international standards; quality of life that is among the Top 10 nations in the world; and a dynamic and sustainable economy with income per capita within the Top 10 countries in the world. The cooperation between the public sectors, private agencies, communities and all individuals. 68 Acknowledgement 1. Attorney General's Chamber, Prime Minister's 17. Royal Customs and Excise Department, Ministry of Office Finance and Economy 2. Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Department, 18. Strategic Planning Unit, Ministry of Energy Ministry of Transport and lnfocommunications 19. Survey Department, Ministry of Development 3. Department of Agriculture and Agrifood, Ministry 20. Sustainable Energy Division, Ministry of Energy of Primary Resources and Tourism 21. Tourism Department, Ministry of Primary 4. Public Works Department, Ministry of Resources and Tourism Development 22. Town and Country Planning Department, Ministry 5. Department of Electrical Services, Ministry of of Development Energy 23. Transport Policy Division, Ministry of Transport and 6. Department of Environment, Park and Recreation, lnfocommunications Ministry of Development 24. Brunei Darussalam National Energy Research 7. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Primary Institute Resources and Tourism 25. Universiti Brunei Darussalam 8. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Services, 26. Universiti Teknologi Brunei Ministry of Development 27. Berakas Power Company 9. Energy Downstream Business Division, Ministry of 28. Brunei LNG Sendirian Berhad Energy 29. Brunei Methanol Company 10. Energy Upstream Business Division, Ministry of 30. Brunei Shell Marketing Energy 31. Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad 11. Environmental Health Service, Ministry of Health 32. Darussalam Enterprise (DARe) 12. Forestry Department, Ministry of Primary 33. Hengyi Industries Sdn Bhd Resources and Tourism 34. Mitsubishi Corporation 13. Housing Development Department, Ministry of 35. Brunei Darussalam National Petroleum Co Sdn Bnd Development (PetroleumBRUNEI) 14. Land Department, Ministry of Development 36. PETRONAS Carigali Brunei Ltd 15. Land Transport Department, Ministry of Transport 37. TOTALE&P and lnfocommunications 38. Brunei Automobile Traders Association 16. National Disaster Management Centre, Ministry of 39. Green Brunei Home Affairs 69 This policy has been reviewed by a collective youth group during the Climate Change Policy Youth Review on 2nd November 2019. 51 participants, aged 18-36, from different sectors of Brunei Darussalam discussed the research found in the draft and provided insights from the youth's perspective. Youth Researchers as Contributing Authors: Ak Muhammad Naaim Syafii Bin Pg Hj Besman Nazihah Binti Mohd Sahrip Ak Muhammad Aqil Bin Pg Hj Jaya Muhammad Syazwan Syahmi Bin Zulkofli Md Umair Akmal Bin Hj Noor Ahsffian Dk Siti Basyirah Binti Pg Hj Husairi Irina Binti lshan Youth Contributing Designer: Nurul lzzati Binti Bahrin 70 Brunei Climate Change Secretariat ~ +673 2383222 ~ Brunei Climate Change Secretariat ~ @bccs.bn Ministry of Development, 8 +673 2380033 (";') Brunei Climate Old Airport, W Change Secretariat ~ bccs@mod.gov.bn Berakas, BB3510 V @BCCS_BN @ www.climatechange.gov.bn Negara Brunei Darussalam 71 () RECYCLED _f 100% Paper made from recycled material