National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Bangladesh 2016-2021

?• Department of Envfronment Ministry of Envfronment and Forests Goversment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh L NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN OF BANGLADESH 2016-2021 (NBSAP 2016-2021) Department of Environment Paribesh Bhaban E- 16, Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Dhaka- 1207, Bangladesh Ph -88-02-8181800 Fax-88-02-8 181772 E-mail: dg@doe.gov.bd; haider.doegmai1.com www.doe.gov.bd Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Minister Ministry of Environment and Forests ‘. Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Message It is my great pleasure to know that the updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan or NBSAP 2016-2021 is going to be published. This document is a guiding framework for biodiversity conservation, ensuring sustainable use of its components along with fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources. Bangladesh enjoys a very rich diversity of flora and fauna in a wider range of ecosystems. The economy of the country and the people are heavily dependent on the biological resources for their lives and livelihoods. Our cultural heritage, rural lifestyles and traditional healthcare have long been attached to the services provided by the biodiversity. To ensure our rich biodiversity be conserved and used sustainably, we need to follow the updated NBSAP that reflects well thought of actions and strategies of implementation. The NBSAP as a whole could serve as a guiding document to everyone who is involved in management of country’s biodiversity. Being a developing nation, like any other such countries of the world, expansion of intensive agriculture, industrialization, rapid urbanization and rural infrastructure development caused severe stress on the habitats of biodiversity. The threats of irreversible loss of biodiversity have drawn international attention and that led to institutionalize the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As a party to the CBD, Bangladesh is very keen towards conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity for her present and future generations. Updating National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) in line with Aichi Biodiversity Targets signifies our commitments to the cause of biodiversity. The activities identified in the updated NBSAP should be taken into account by all the stakeholders because NB SAP implementation would directly help to attain relevant targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Because NBSAP implementation has been included as an issue in the 7th Five Year Plan, the activities of NBSAP could be taken as the titles or components of development projects on biodiversity and natural resources management. The core strategy of NBSAP implementation would be lying in ensuring strong partnership and collaboration among the GOs, NGOs and development partners, the private sector, academia and other exponent of the civil society. I express my sincere thanks to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for the generous support to develop updated NBSAP and appreciate the endeavor taken by the Department of Environment for publishing the report for all the stakeholders. I wish NBSAP would go a long way to keep Bangladesh prosperous with biodiversity. (An’i Icsain ‘vlanju, MP) 111 \ Deputy Minister ‘ Ministry of Environment and Forests * . Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Message It is indeed a great pleasure to circulate the Updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). While Government of Bangladesh is working towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and moving ahead with the 2” phase of Vision 2021, the 7th Five Year Plan (20 16 202 1), the updated NBSAP could play a great role as both the SDGs and the 7th Five Year Plan has got the impetus on biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use is an obligation for all of us because it is inserted under ‘fundamental principles of state policy’ of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The section 18A of the constitution with the heading ‘protection and improvement of environment and biodiversity’ states that the State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to preserve and safeguard the natural resources, bio-diversity, wetlands, forests and wildlife for the present andfuture citizens. Accordingly, we are fully committed to manage the country’s rich biodiversity with the spirit of Constitution and that of the Convention on Biological Diversity to which Bangladesh is a party. Burgeoning pressure of population and development activities are posing real threats to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. It is not possible to stop loss of biodiversity unless all the development ministries and agencies work together to take up the challenge. The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is a key step towards combining the efforts of all the actors working on biodiversity. We are proud to the achievements that the country has made in conservation of biodiversity during the past decades. There are examples of success stories in conservation in the area of community-based management of forests and wetlands resources. I would like to take the opportunity to thank all our development partners for their supports and local communities for their efforts to conserve and sustainably use the country’s biodiversity. We look forward to even stronger cooperation and collaboration among the national and international stakeholders towards implementation of NBSAP. The Ministry of Environment and Forests will do everything possible to take the lead in coordinating implementation of the strategies and priority actions included in this document. I am confident that implementation of NBSAP will get momentum towards ensuring sustainable development in the country. \7I/TL (Abdullah Al- Islam Jakob, MP) iv /4 Secretary Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Foreword It is our immense pleasure to note that we are publishing updated NBSAP which has been developed towards contributing to our commitments as a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity. To fulfill the objectives of the convention, Bangladesh has so far taken a number of initiatives including development of first generation NBSAP in 2004. The updated or second generation NBSAP has been prepared taking the essence of biodiversity strategic planning 2011-2020 or Aichi Biodiversity Targets. It is always a challenging task to translate the global targets into national ones and the Department of Environment has made it possible through the process of wider consultation which resulted in publication of updated NBSAP. The document contains the key actions needed for conservation and sustainable use of the country’s biodiversity, as well as ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources. The NBSAP 2016-2021 included 50 activities under the 20 headline targets for biodiversity conservation. Towards implementation of updated NBSAP, mainstreaming of biodiversity into sectoral and cross-sectoral development activities remains very important. Furthermore, biodiversity should be integrated into the relevant policies, rules-regulations of various development-oriented ministries. Valuation of goods and services of the ecosystems should be accomplished that would lead us towards integration of the values into the national accounting system. The updated NBSAP reinforced raising awareness among the people, documentation of traditional knowledge and practices, technology transfer and resource mobilization as important aspects towards ensuring biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. The identified tasks will be implemented in collaboration and partnership with all the relevant stakeholders. While the role of the government will be pivotal in harnessing resources mobilization, we would draw attention of the development partners to enhance their engagement to this end. I am optimistic that updated NBSAP would be implemented with the approach of result based management. The development of updated NBSAP would have never been possible without active engagement of stakeholders and contributors who helped to enrich the document in various forms. Our appreciation goes to the Department of Environment and the project team to accomplish the NBSAP. Our gratitude goes to the Global Environment Facility for the generous support to develop such an important national document. In the end, I wish NBSAP would go a long way towards achieving the SDGs and to achieve the broader targets that the country would be developed with enriched biodiversity and healthy ecosystems. (Dr. Uddin Ahmed) V 4% WI Director General Department of Environment DOE Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Preface It is our great pleasure to publish the updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), a guiding document for ensuring conservation and sustainable use of the country’s biodiversity. The revised NBSAP has been developed in the light of CBD Strategic planning 2011 2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Targets). The elements of the document have gone through a consultative process with the active participation of the stakeholders. The document contains important aspects like economic valuation of biodiversity, the national targets of biodiversity until 2021, capacity needs for implementation of NB SAP, monitoring implementation of NBSAP, those are laying foundation for taking-up development projects and programs. It takes into consideration of the priority needs in terms of conservation, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits. The document provides recommendation for the mainstreaming of biodiversity into relevant sector and cross-sectoral policies and legislative framework. Because NBSAP implementation is important in terms of achieving the 7th Five Year Plan and that of SDGs, the document would guide us a lot in shaping our development initiatives on biodiversity. I believe that the NBSAP will serve as valuable documents for the policy-makers, government and non-government officials, planners, as well as business community working on the biodiversity in the country. I wish broader participation and engagement of all government and non-government organizations, development partners, local communities and ethnic groups to implement the NBSAP. I would like to thank Mohammed Solaiman Haider, the Project Director of the Updating and Mainstreaming of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for taking the strenuous work to accomplish the document. Thanks are also due to the individuals and consultants who provided their efforts to the report. I would also express my great appreciation to the Global Environment Facility for the generous support and all the stakeholders who contributed to the process of the development of the document. (Md. lZaIsuJ iani Mondal) I vi Director (Planning) Department of Environment and Project Director Updating and Mainstreaming of NBSAP Acknowled2ement The development of updating of NBSAP could have never been possible without the gracious support of the Global Environment Facility and the GEFsec Task Team Leader, Yoko Watanabe who always led us to reach here. I would like to offer thanks to the colleagues who helped a lot from Washington DC, Chermai, Delhi and Dhaka office of World Bank and GEFsec to ensure disbursement for the operation of the development project. The updated NBSAP has been developed through a series of consultations at national and divisional level with the involvement of stakeholders including representatives of relevant Ministries, Departments, NGOs, academia and development partners. On behalf of the Department ofEnvironment, Ministry of Environment and Forests, I would like to offer heartfelt thanks to the distinguished researchers, authors, experts and representatives who have actively participated and contributed to these events. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Kamal Uddin Ahmed, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, whose presence in the workshops and valuable suggestions gave us way forwards for finalizing the document. My thanks are also due to Mr. Md. Raisul Alam Mondal, Director General, Department of Environment who provided continuous guidance to furnish the task. I would like to offer thanks to all the experts who contributed in various forms to develop the document. The contribution of IUCN Bangladesh as firm consultant helped the process with the development of various elements of the draft. Thank also goes to the individual consultants who helped the Project Director in organizing the draft are: Mr. Anisuzzaman, Dr. M. Jabed Hossain and Mr. Mohammad Samsur Rahman. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Md. Imdadul Hoque, Prof. Dr. Md. Oliur lthman, Prof. Dr. M Niamul Naser (University of Dhaka), Prof. Dr. Saleh Ahmed Khan (Jhagangimagar University), Mr. Md. Tariqul Islam and Begum Fatema Tuz Zohora (Bangladesh Forest Department), Dr. Sarder Md. Nasir Uddin (Bangladesh National Herbarium), Dr. Md. Amzad Hossain and Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam (BARI), Dr Md. Khalequzaman (BRRI), Md. Motaleb H. Sarker (CEGIS), Dr. S.M.A Rashid (CARINAM Bangladesh) for their valuable inputs to the report. I would like to express my gratitude to the participants who provided valuable inputs at divisional and national level consultations. Thanks go to the MOEF Additional Secretary (Environment), Mr. Nurul Karim, Additional Secretary (Development), Mr. Abdullah Al Mohsin Chowdhury and the Deputy Secretary, Ms. Khorsheda Yasmeen and the DoE Director (NRM), Dr Sultan Ahmed and Assistant Director, Mst. Papia Sultana, for their support in facilitating the consultation workshops, as well as, organizing the draft document. Last but not the least, finalizing the document took away plenty of time after the office hours, during the weekends and holidays for that I’m grateful to the family members who endured a lot of trouble to work at the residence. NBSAP is a living document. I would always appreciate those who will be active in further enrichment and implementation of the document. (Mohammed Solaiman Raider) 9 vii Acronyms Els 3R Reduction, Re-use and Re-cyclmg ADB Asian Development Bank ADP AnnualDevelopmentProgram BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute - - — BBS Bgiadesh Bureau of Statistics - - - BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BCCTF Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund BDT Bangladeshi Taka ((Currency) BFD -- Bangladesh Forest Department BGMEA desh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association BINA Bngladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BJRI Bangladesh Jute Research Institute - - BKMEA Bangladesh Knitwear Manufacturers and Exporters Association — BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute — BNH Bangladesh National Herbarium BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BPATC Bangladesh Public Admistration Train g Centre BSRI Bangladesh Suger crops Research Institute CBA-ECA Community Based Adaptation in the Ecologically Critical Areas cBD — Convention on Biological Diversity CBO - Community Based Organization cccl Chittagong Chamber of Commerce and Industry CEGIS Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services CHM - ClearingHouseMechanism CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Slecies of Wild Flora and Fauna COP Conference of the Parties CSR Corporate Social Responsibility - CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant CWB coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project DAE Department of Agriculture Extension DCCI Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DoE - Department of Environment DoF - - - Department of Fisheries ECA - Ecologically Critical Area ETP Effluent Treatment Plant EIA - Environmental ImpactAssessment — —— FBCCI The Federation of Bangladesh ç eofCoinercn d ury FRA Forest Resources Assessment GBM - -- - - Ganges-Brhmaputra-Meg GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF -— GiobalEnvironmentFacility GIS -- Geographic lnformationy!tern GMO - - - Genetically Modified Organism HYV ICTP International Conventions Treaties And Protocols lAS InvasiveAlienpecies INGO International Non-Government Organization 1PM IntegratedPestManagernent IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MoA Ministry of Agriculture ç oçommerc — MoCAT Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism MoCHT - - - MinistryofChittagongHillTractAffairs MoE Ministry of Education MoEFMinistiyofEnvironment and Forests viii Acronyms Elaborations IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature : MoA Ministry of Agriculture — MoC Ministry of Commerce ..; .. MoCAT Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism .. . MoCHT Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tract Affairs MoE Ministry of Education MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests — MoF Ministry of Finance MoFL - Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock MoH Ministry of Home Affairs Mol Ministry of Information Molnd Ministry of Industries MoL Ministry of Land MoLGRD - Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development MoLJP Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs MoP Ministry of Planning - MoP&ME - Ministry of Primary& Mass Education MoR Ministry of Religious Affairs MoS Ministry of Shipping MoWR Ministry of Water Resources NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action - - - - NESAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - - - - NCTB National Curriculum & Textbook Board NGO Non-Government Organization NARS National Agricultural Research System NSAPR National Strategy of Accelerated Poverty Reduction NAPD National Academy for Planning and Development ODA Official Development Assistance - —- - — OECD - Organization for Econom c Co-operation and Develpment PA Protected Area PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers RS Remote Sensing SCP Sustainable Consumption and Production SDGs - - Sustainable Development Goals SRCWP Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection TEEB The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Program - - - - UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WARPO Water Resources Planning Organization WASA Water Supply & Sewerage Authority . . ix Table of Contents Message.iii Foreword v Preface vi Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations viii Table of Contents x List of Tables xi List of Figures xi List of Boxes xii List of Annexure xii Executive Summary xiii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Country context 1.2 Background of development of NBSAP 3 1.3 Progress of Implementation of first generation NBSAP 3 1.4 Lesson learnt from the first generation NB SAP 5 1.5 Necessity of Updating NBSAP 6 1.6 Process of development of updated NB SAP 7 2. Trends of Biodiversity loss in Bangladesh 9 2.1 Degradation of ecosystems 9 2.2 Depletion of species diversity 15 2.3 Erosion of genetic diversity 17 2.4 Threats to biodiversity in Bangladesh 17 2.5 Consequences of biodiversity loss 22 3. Importance of Biodiversity 25 3.1 Importance of ecosystem goods and services in the life and livelthood of the people 25 3.1.1 Contribution of Agricultural Biodiversity and Agriculture 25 3.1.2 Contribution of Fisheries and Fish Biodiversity 26 3.1.3 Contribution of Livestock and Poultry 27 3.1.4 Contribution of Forestry 27 3.1.5 Contribution of the Nature’s Aesthetic values and Nature-based tourism 27 3.1.6 Cultural values of biodiversity 28 3.2 Valuation of ecosystems 29 3.3 Way forward 32 4. Mainstreaming of Biodiversity and NBSAP 35 4.1 Mainstreaming at individual level 35 4.1.1 Raising awareness among the citizens 35 4.1.2 Ensure participation of women in biodiversity conservation 37 4.2 Mainstreaming at Institutional level 38 4.2.1 Mainstreaming at Government Organizations 38 4.2.2 Engage Community based organization (CROs), NGOs and Civil Society Organization (CSO) into biodiversity conservation 39 4.2.3 Engage Private Sectors in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use 39 4.3 Mainstreaming at systemic level 39 4.3.1 Insertion of Biodiversity into the Constitution of Bangladesh 40 4.3.2 Integration of biodiversity into sectoral and cross-sectoral policies 40 4.3.3 Integration of Biodiversity into the Related Laws 49 4.3.4 Integration of biodiversity into national development plans 51 4.3.5 Integration of value ecosystem goods and services into national accounting systems 53 4.3.6 Integration of NBSAP with the Action Plans of other Rio convention 53 4.3.7 Implementation ofNBSAP towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals 54 4.3.8 Integration of Biodiversity into Educational System 56 x 5. National Targets and Activities Towards Implementation of NBSAP 59 6. Capacity Development for Implementation of NBSAP 73 6.1 Capacity Development Needs 73 6.1.1 Individual capacity development 73 6.1.2 Institutional capacity development 73 6.1.3 Systemic capacity development 74 6.2 Technology Needs 76 7. Resources Mobilization Towards Implementation of NBSAP ...... 83 7.1 Allocation in development budget (ADP) 84 7.2 Allocation in non-development budget for biodiversity conservation 86 7.3 Allocation in Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund for conservation of biodiversity 86 7.4 Biodiversity Financing in ODA 87 7.5 Financial Resources needed for implementing NBSAP 89 7.6 Possible Sources of Funding 89 7.7 Constraints, Gaps and Challenges for Fund Raising 90 8. Coordination, Monitoring and Reporting of NBSAP 91 8.1 Coordination, monitoring and reporting 91 8.2 Communication and Outreach Strategy 91 8.3 Bangladesh Clearing House Mechanism (BCHM) 92 9. Concluding Remarks 93 References 95 Annexure 98 List of Tables Table 1: Water Quality of Selected Rivers in dry season (Nov- May) and Wet Season (June- October) for 2014.12 Table 2: Different types of land degradation and their extent in Bangladesh 13 Table 3: Faunal species those no longer have any stable population in Bangladesh territory 16 Table 4: Threats to biodiversity of Bangladesh 21 Table 5: Ecosystem services from hill forest, wetland and mangrove ecosystems 30 Table 6: Economic valuation of hilly forest, wetlands and mangrove ecosystems of Bangladesh 31 Table 7: Some Important Biodiversity Related Days for enhancing awareness 36 Table 8: Women’s Traditional activities related to biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh 37 Table 9: Analysis of sectoral and cross sectoral Policies Towards Integration of Biodiversity 41 Table 10: Legislations of the Relevant Ministries Impacting on Biodiversity Conservation 50 Table 11: Synergies of Biodiversity with other Rio Conventions 54 Table 12: Linkage between Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets and NBSAP targets 55 Table 13: Integrating biodiversity into educational system 56 Table 14: National Targets, Activities, Implementation Strategies and Responsible Organizations, Indicators and indicative Budget 60 Table 15: Capacity Development Needs for implementation of NB SAP 74 Table 16: Technology Needs and Expected Results for various sectors of Biodiversity management 77 Table 17: Possible Sources of Funds for implementation ofNBSAP 89 Table 18: Communication, extension and outreach strategies for awareness on biodiversity 91 List of Figures Figure 1 Location Map of Bangladesh in the South Asian Region (Source: CEGIS,2016) 1 Figure 2 Process of updating NBSAP 7 Figure 3 Forest land cover maps of Bangladesh produced by using Landsat MSS 1976 (left panel) and Landsat TM 2000 (middle panel) and Landsat TM 2010 (right panel) 9 Figure 4 Changes in forest area during 1990 to 2015 (Source: FAO, 2015) 9 Figure 5 Changes in area of some selected forests in Bangladesh over time (Source: FAO, 2015) 10 Figure 6 Map showing the permanent wetlands, settlements, waterbodies and major rivers of Bangladesh during 1997 to 2010 11 Figure 7 Changes in land classes during 1977 to 2010 through 1999 in Bangladesh 12 Figure 8 Coastal zones of Bangladesh 13 Figure 9 Trend in expansion of shrimp areas in Bangladesh (Karim, 1986 and DoF, 2008b) 14 xi Figure 10 Salt affected areas from 1973 to 2009 14 Figure 11 Intensity of crop cultivation in Bangladesh from 2001-02 to 2011 18 Figure 12 Yearly sale of urea fertilizer in Bangladesh 18 Figure 13 Yearly sale of TSP and SSP fertilizer in Bangladesh 19 Figure 14 Yearly sales of pesticides in Bangladesh during 1999 to 2012 19 Figure 15 Predicted sea level rise and its effects on land mass of Bangladesh 20 Figure 16 Annual frequency and trends of tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal from 1985 to 2009.20 Figure 17 Fiscal year-wise resource allocation in ADP for different sectors relevant to biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh 84 Figure 18 Contribution of resources under the ADP in different sectors for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh 84 Figure 1 9 Fiscal year-wise resource allocation in mixed project under ADP for different sectors in Bangladesh85 Figure 20 Year wise non-development budget allocation of BFD and DOE 86 Figure 21 Fiscal year-wise resource allocation in specific and mixed projects under BCCTF for biodiversity conservation 86 Figure 22 Per-capita ODA flow to Bangladesh since 1971 87 Figure 23 Top 10 recipients of total biodiversity-related ODA 2007-12 88 Figure 24 Net ODA flow to Bangladesh, 2005-20 14 88 List of Boxes Box 1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Background 3 Box 2 The strategies outlined in the NBSAP, 2004 4 Box 3 Invasive Alien Plant Species in Bangladesh 22 Box 4 Goods and services provided by ecosystems 25 Box 5 Medicinal plants 29 Box 6 Community Based Biodiversity Conservation in ECAs (CBA-ECAs) 37 Box 7 Integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh 49 Box 8 Biodiversity Conservation and Environmental Impact Assessment (EJA) 49 Box 9 Bangladesh’s Attainment on Environment and Biodiversity Conservation 58 Box 10 The Biodiversity Strategic Planning and Aichi Biodiversity Targets 59 List of Annexure Annex 1: 1: List of Threatened Plant Species Table 1.1 Species not found for last 50 years or more than 50 years in Bangladesh 98 Table 1.2 List of threatened landraces of different crops 102 Table 1.3 List of threatened crops 103 Annex-2: List of Biodiversity Related Projects of different sectors under ADP Table 2.1 List of specifically biodiversity related projects under crop sector 104 Table 2.2 List of specifically biodiversity related projects under forestry sector 104 Table 2.3 List of specifically biodiversity related projects under fisheries sector 107 Table 2.4 List of specifically biodiversity related projects of different sectors under ADP 108 Table 2.5 Summary of sectoral allocation (specifically biodiversity related project) from fiscal year2009-10 to 2015-16 108 Annex-3: List of mixed projects of different sectors under ADP Table 3.1 List of mixed projects under crop sector 109 Table 3.2 List of mixed projects under fisheries sector 110 Table 3.3 List of mixed projects under livestock sector 110 Table 3.4 List of mixed projects under irrigation sector Ill Table 3.5 List of mixed projects under water resource sector 111 Table 3.6 List of mixed projects under Physical Planning, Water supply and Housing sector 112 Table 3.7 List of mixed projects under Rural Development sector 112 Table 3.8 Summary of sectoral allocation (Biodiversity mixed project) from fiscal year 2009-10 to 2015-16 113 Table 3.9 List of specifice biodiversity project implemented under ADP 113 Table: 3.10 List of mixed projects implemented under BCCTF 115 xii Executive Summary National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is the basic instrument for implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity at the national level. The NBSAP 2016-2021 has been prepared in order to fulfill the commitment of Bangladesh towards implementing the three objectives of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The first generation NBSAP developed in 2004 took into consideration of the issues of implementation of 2010 Biodiversity Targets. The updated NBSAP has been prepared in the line with CBD strategic planning 2011-2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Targets). Bangladesh signed the CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) in 1992 and ratified it in 1994. Being a party to the CBD, Bangladesh is globally committed to fulfill the objectives of the convention. Development and updating of NBSAP signifies the commitment of the Government of Bangladesh. Bangladesh has submitted its 4th national report in 2010 and 5thi national report in 2015. The updated NB SAP has been developed as per the decision taken in the oh meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP 10) to implement Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The main chapters contained in the NBSAP are: Status of Biodiversity loss in Bangladesh, Importance of Biodiversity, Mainstreaming of Biodiversity and NBSAP, National Targets and Activities towards Implementing NBSAP, Capacity Development for Implementation of NBSAP, Resource Mobilization towards Implementation of NBSAP, Coordination and Monitoring and Reporting of NBSAP. The document has been prepared through wider consultations ensuring participation of relevant stakeholders. The first chapter of the document briefly describes the background and rationale with the process of development of updating NBSAP. The country context in relation to the richness of Biodiversity is highlighted here. The chapter also looked at the achievements, lessons learnt and gaps of earlier NBSAP and it has been revealed that various activities, projects or programs were taken after the formulation of NBSAP in 2004 are very much complimentary to implement NBSAP. The second chapter focuses on the trends of loss and degradation of biodiversity in Bangladesh. Although there is no updated and systematic study results available on the loss of diversity of species in Bangladesh, it is apparent that population of many species has declined. Threats to the rich diversity of flora and fauna are rising as there are trends of degradation in various habitats and ecosystems. For example, in the case of forest biodiversity, plantation forest area has increased while the coverage of the natural forest has declined over the years. Similarly, wetlands of the country are under tremendous pressure of degradation resulting in decreased ecosystem goods and services. In the coastal region, salinity affected area has increased due to sea level rise and disasters of climate change. Population pressure along with their burgeoning demand triggered unplanned industrialization and urbanization that led to habitat destruction call for urgent actions to halt further loss of biodiversit-y. To curve the situation, the efforts so far taken are not adequate to prevent the further loss of biodiversity. We need to consider the contribution or the value of the ecosystem goods and services to the gross domestic product or the economy of the country and take every step towards maintaining these goods and services. Chapter three presents importance of biodiversity in the life and livelihood of the people of Bangladesh. Agricultural biodiversity or agriculture sector contributes 17.22% of the total GDP where 45.6% labor force is engaged. The contribution of forest and related services to GDP is about 1.43%. Fisheries sectors contribute 3.30% to the GDP in 2013-2014 fiscal year in current prices and 3.69% in xlii constant price (at 2005-2006 base year). The sub-sector contributes 23% of gross agricultural products and 5.71% to the total export earnings. A recent valuation study concluded that the Sundarban generates US$ 456 to USS 1192 per ha per year worth of ecosystem services. The contribution of livestock to GDP is 2.5%. Bangladesh’s tourism industry directly contributed around taka 2.23 trillion (2.1%) to the country’s GDP in 2013 which implies immense potential of ecotourism in Bangladesh. In 2014, direct, indirect and induced contributions of tourism to GDP were 2.3%, 1.3% and 0.9% respectively, generating 1.8% of total employment in the country. The roles of ecosystem in human well being have never been taken into account in economic terms. Like, the coastal ecosystems prevent storm, cyclone and severe natural calamities like tsunami. Wetland ecosystems retain huge water during floods. Forest ecosystems maintain temperature regulating Co2 concentration in the atmosphere. As part of updating NB SAP of Bangladesh, economic valuation was done for the services provided by the major ecosystems namely the Sundarbans, the wetlands and hill forests. The study assessed a total of 50 services from these ecosystems and calculated the contribution to the GDP of the services of hill forest, wetland and mangrove ecosystems equivalent to 9.2% to 33.3%, implying significant role of ecosystems in the human well being of the country. Chapter four discusses about the mainstreaming of biodiversity and NBSAP. Mainstreaming is very important for ensuring conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of its components at the individual, institutional and systemic level. The insertion of ‘Biodiversity’ into the constitution of Bangladesh signifies the commitment of the government to protect and conserve biodiversity and environment for the wellbeing of the people living now and the generations to come. Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use should be integrated into sectoral and cross-sectoral policies, legislations, as well as national development plans. Analysis of existing national policies and regulations those are supportive to implement NBSAP reveals that we still need to work on insertion of the very terms like conservation, sustainable use, equitable sharing of benefits and above all, integrating the values of biodiversity in many of these documents. Updated NBSAP proposes to engage all the stakeholders in the process of implementation of NBSAP. It also encourages involving private sector, business people, NGOs, local community, women and youth forces in the activities of implementing NBSAP. Towards ensuring long-term sustainability of the projects, development ministries or agencies implementing development works have to consider the implications of biodiversity loss in their initiatives. Chapter five highlights national targets, activities and indicators for monitoring achievement towards implementing NBSAP. Towards contributing to the global targets (Aichi Biodiversity Targets) and implementation of NB SAP, 20 national targets have been proposed to be taken into action during the fiscal year 20 15-2016 to 2020-202 1. The 20 national targets are as follows: 1. By 2021, relevant stakeholders will be aware on the value of biodiversity and play an active role in ensuring sustainable use 2. By 2021, Assessment of valuation of goods and services of major ecosystems will be furnished towards integration into national accounting system 3. By 2021, Studies on the impacts of incentives or subsidies on biodiversity, as well as development of policy roadmaps for phasing out of incentives or subsidies harmful to biodiversity will be completed towards mainstreaming the relevant ministry for implementation of the policy roadmap xiv 4. By 2021, Policy on Sustainable and Consumption Production (SCP) to maintain safe ecological limit of natural resources of major ecosystems will be furnished and disseminate the policy to all the stakeholders will be done towards implementation 5. By 2021, studies on the rate of habitat loss will be furnished towards promoting implementation of land use policy and enforcement of relevant legislations on conservation of natural habitats 6. By 2021, stock assessment of fish, invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants will be undertaken keeping in mind the safe ecological limit and awareness raising of the stakeholders will be enhanced so that aquatic biodiversity will be managed and harvested sustainably, legally taking into account of ecosystem based approach towards avoidance of overfishing and conservation of threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems 7. By 2021, development of Integrated Management Plan will be completed for areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry towards ensuring conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity 8. By 2021, study on impact of pollution and excess nutrient on functioning of major ecosystems will be conducted and enforcement drive for controlling pollution will be strengthened. 9. By 2021, study on the impact of L&S will be furnished, regulations towards control of lAS will be developed and capacities at the port-of-entries will be enhanced to regulate lAS 10. By 2021, multiple pressure on coral associated island (St. Martin) and Sundarban mangrove ecosystem will be reduced through implementation of management plan of the ecosystems. 11. By 2021, Bangladesh’s 3% area under terrestrial ecosystem (forests), 3% area under inland wetlands and coastal ecosystems and 5% of total marine area will come under PAs or ECAs with development and implementation of management plan for these areas 12. By 2021, the extinction of known threatened species will be prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained 13. By 2021, capacity of in-situ and ex-situ conservation facilities will be strengthened to conserve the genetic diversity of cultivated plants, indigenous livestock and poultry resources 14. By 2021, develop and implement restoration plan for degraded wetlands and rivers taking into account the needs of vulnerable people and local communities 15. By 2021, initiate implementation àf restoration plan for degraded ecosystems, especially, forest lands and wetlands for addressing climate change mitigation, adaptation and combating desertification 16. By 2016, Bangladesh Biological Diversity Act addressing the issues of ABS will be finalized and the instrument of ratification for the Nagoya Protocol on ABS will be submitted to the secretariat of CBD 17. By 2016, Bangladesh will develop, adopt and update NBSAP and commence implementation of the document in an effective and participatory manner 18. By 2021, traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of local communities or ethnic groups will be recognized and documented 19. By 2021, Agencies responsible for Biodiversity and Natural Resources Management will be adopting modem information technology like GIS and RS and information on biodiversity will be shared through Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) 20. By 2017, financial resources will be mobilized towards accelerated implementation of targets and activities of updated NBSAP Chapter six identified the needs for capacity building at individual, institutional and systemic level to achieve the targets under NBSAP. In order to attain the targets, capacity building is essential for various activities under NBSAP targets. In addition, application of technologies and mobilization of financial resources are equally important for the implementation of NBSAP. While some targets will xv require use of modem technologies including DNA fmger printing and use of GIS and Remote Sensing, other will need application of local and traditional knowledge. Chapter seven focuses on the challenges of mobilization of financial resources to address biodiversity conservation and management issues. No stand-alone financial institutions or funding mechanism is in place to address biodiversity related development activities. Conservation activities are carried out sporadically by the country’s Annual Development Plan (ADP), Non-development expenditures, Non-ADP program and development partner-driven activities. Though biodiversity issues were included in a number of previous five year plans including the latest one, the 7th five year plan, none of these plans adequately addressed financing requirements to ensure implementation of biodiversity activities or NBSAP as such. The seventh five year plan (2016-2021) included implementation of NB SAP as an issue, but again no clear budget allocation has been promised for this item. An analysis on biodiversity specific projects taken during 2009-20 15 shows that the highest resource allocation was found in forestry sub-sector (10464.3 million BDT) followed by fisheries, crop and livestock sub-sectors. In case of mixed projects, it was difficult to segregate the portion of money exclusively allocated for biodiversity conservation. It is evident that success of implementation of NBSAP will be dependent on mobilization of adequate financial resources for taking up the activities. An indicative budget estimated for all the activities to achieve the national targets of NB SAP stood as 18329.00 million BDT. Some possible sources of resources are direct core funding (Government of Bangladesh), non-core funding (Trust Fund, Jolmohal Leasing, Fish harvest), Indirect peripheral (Regional and Global Forum Fund, Scientific and development initiatives and Carbon trading), Development Partners (Grant, Aid, Loan), private sector (CSR, Donation), INGO Research Grant and Green tax, etc. Chapter eight describes mechanisms for coordination among stakeholders as well as monitoring and reporting of the activities for the effective implementation of NBSAP. MoEF will coordinate the implementation of the NBSAP with other Ministries/Divisions, as well as, government agencies, academic institutions, non-governmental organizations and communities taking part in the activities. National Biodiversity Conmiittee under the MoEF will act as the apex body for coordination with relevant ministries/agencies towards implementation of NBSAP. Reporting on the progress of the implementation of the NBSAP will be done, periodically, by the Department of Environment. Bangladesh Biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) will act as web-based platform to provide and receive updated information like the status of biodiversity and conservation initiatives. It will also contribute to the dissemination of biodiversity related information and to raise public awareness on biodiversity conservation. DOE will be administering the operation of the national CHM. Mainstreaming of NESAP in all the relevant sectors although is a continuous process that would be the prime work that needs immediate attention of the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the Department of Environment. There are enormous challenges ahead towards building financial and technical capacities of the implementing agencies, accomplishment of the valuation of goods and services of ecosystems and incorporation of the values into the national accounting system and monitoring of the activities towards achieving national targets. Despite of all these challenges, the revised NB SAP offers a great opportunity for the country to move forward halting the loss of biodiversity and keeping the country enriched with fresh water, staple crops, delicious fruits and grains, fisheries resources and fresh air around us. By implementing the targets within the timeframe, the country could contribute a lot to fulfill the vision of living in harmony with the nature by 2050. xvi 1. Introduction 1.1 Country context Bangladesh is located in the shore of the Bay of Bengal, stretches from 20034 to 26°38’ N and from 88°01’ to 92°41’ E. It has boundary with Ihdia to the West and North, India and Myanmar to the East and the Bay of Bengal to the South (Figure 1). The total area of the country is 147,570 sq km (BBS 2011), which is a delta of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) basins, one of the largest river systems of the world. Moreover, with the longest unbroken sea-beach, the country has a total marine area of 118,813 sq km. The north-east and south-east portions of the country are hilly, with some altitude over 1,000 m above sea level. About 80% of the country is floodplain, 12% is hills, and 8% is terrace or uplifted blocks (BBS 2011). Figure 1 Location Map of Bangladesh in the South Asian Region (Source: CEGIS, 2016) 1 Geologically Bangladesh occupies a larger part of the Bengal Basin and the country is covered by tertiary folded sedimentary rocks (12%) in the north, north eastern and eastern parts; uplifted Pleistocene residuum (8%) in the north western, mid northern and eastern parts; and Holocene deposits (80%) consisting of unconsolidated sand, silt and clay. Bangladesh has been divided as thirty agro-ecological zones on the basis of physiography, soil properties, soil salinity, depth and duration of flooding which are relevant for land use and for the assessment of agricultural potential. According to the census done in 2011, the total population of Bangladesh is 14,97,72,364 with the density of 1,015 per sq km (BBS, 2012). The country is ethnically homogeneous, and its name derives from the Bengali ethno-linguistic group which comprises 98% of the population. The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs), Sylhet, Mymensingh and North Bengal regions are home to diverse ethnic peoples. The country has 45 ethnic groups living in various parts (Banglapedia, 2015). Bangladesh enjoys the sub-tropical monsoon climate regime characterized by high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and excess humidity with marked seasonal variations. According to the report prepared by Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) in 2012, the mean annual temperature of the country is about 25°C, with extremes as low as 28°C and as high as 45°C. Rainfall data from 1950 2011 shows that average annual precipitation over the country is 2,428 mm; of the total rainfall, 71% occurs during the monsoon. Bangladesh is very rich in biodiversity although it was much enriched earlier. Due to its unique geographic location, climatic condition and large seasonal variability, diverse ecosystems are naturally created that support rich biodiversity. The various ecosystems found in the country include hills, forests (Evergreen and Semi-evergreen forests, Dry-deciduous and Moist deciduous forests), Grasslands, Reedlands, floodplains, rivers, low-lying islands (Charlands), Ox-bow lakes (Baors), River-back swamps (Haors), open woodlands (Village groves), low-lying deep depressions (Beels), ponds, canals, ditches, estuary, coastal mudflats, coastal islands, mangrove swamps, coral-bearing island and marine ecosystems. The ecosystems of Bangladesh are broadly clustered as (a) Terrestrial, (b) Inland Water, and (c) Coastal and Marine. Blessed with diversity in habitats, the country supports a rich biodiversity. The Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh (2007-2009) recorded 3,611 taxa of angiosperms from the territory of Bangladesh. It has been noted that, between June 2009 and June 2013, 64 angiosperm species were recorded from the country and 8 were described as new to science (Irfanullah, 2013). In addition to that, Bangladesh National Herbarium (BNH) reported 50 angiosperm species as new records for the country (Ara and Khan, 2015). Thus, the total number of angiosperm species identified so far in Bangladesh is 3,733. Bangladesh harbors rich faunal diversity in its wide range of ecosystems. A comparison of faunal diversity of Bangladesh with that of the world showed tremendous diversity in the small geographical area of the country with at least 5,000 arthropod, 475 marine fish, 267 fresh water fish, 479 mollusk, 650 birds, 154 reptiles, and 128 mammal species (DoE, 2015). Moreover, as inventorying goes on, the list of species might continue to increase. This biodiversity provides human being with the basic needs of foods, medicines, cloths and shelters as well as livable environment for existence. However, although once very rich in biodiversity, the country has been facing various threats to its biodiversity. Given this scenarios, Bangladesh has to conserve and safeguard its biodiversity for the betterment of its citizens. 2 1.2 Background of development of NBSAP: Bangladesh became signatory and party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and in 1994, respectively. To fulfill the obligation of the CBD, Bangladesh prepared NBSAP, an implementation tool of the convention, in 2004 in line with 2010 Biodiversity Targets. The progress of first generation NB SAP was reviewed in 2010 with the submission of Fourth National Report, as well as, Fifth National Report in 2015. The revised NBSAP has been developed in line with Biodiversity Strategic Planning 2011-2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Targets). Box -1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Background The Earth’s biological resources are vital to humanity’s economic and social development. Biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to present and future generations. At the same time the threat to species and ecosystems has never been so great as it is today. Species extinction caused by human activities continues at an alarming rate. To curb the situation UNEP convened the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Biological Diversity in November 1988 to explore the need for an international convention on biological diversity. In May1989 an Ad Hoc Working Group of Technical and Legal Experts was constituted to prepare an international legal instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The experts were to take into account ‘the need to share costs and benefits between developed and developing countries” as well as “ways and means to support innovation by local people”. By February 1991, the Ad Hoc Working Group had become known as the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee. Its work culminated on 22 May 1992 with the Nairobi Conference for the Adoption of the Agreed Text of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Convention was opened for signature on 5 June 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio ‘Earth Summit’). It remained open for signature until 4 June 1993 by which time it had received 168 signatures. The Convention entered into force on 29 December 1993 which was 90 days after the 30th ratification. Presently, CBD has got 196 parties. Article 6 of the Convention on General Measures for Conservation and Sustainable Use states that each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities: • Develop national strategies, plans or programs for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programs which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned • Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programs and policies. The Convention on Biological Diversity was inspired by the world community’s growing commitment to sustainable development. It represents a dramatic step forward in the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. 1.3 Progress of implementation of first generation NBSAP Since its development in the year 2004, a number of activities have been taken toward implementation NBSAP. During 2004-2015, a number of development programs and projects have been taken those contributed to towards implementation of various targets of NBSAP. Some of the notable progresses made during this period are summarized as follows: 3 i. Integration ofBiodiversity into the Constitution, Acts, Rules and Planning documents Issues of environment and biodiversity conservation have been inserted into the constitution of Bangladesh (Article 1 8A) implying that the every citizen of the country is responsible for conservation of environment and biodiversity for the betterment of the people of the country. Bangladesh Enviromnent Policy, 1992 has been updated incorporating the diverse issues of ecosystem conservation. Box-2 The strategies outlined in the NBSAP, 2004 1. Recognize the value and importance of biodiversity for the Bangladesh people and document properly its components, distribution and value. 2. Conserve ecosystems, species and genetic pooi of the country to ensure that the present and future well-being of the country and its people are secured. 3. Restore ecosystems and rehabilitate endangered species. 4. Adopt national measures and standards to deal with invasive alien species and genetically modified organisms. 5. Promote equitable sharing of biodiversity conservation costs and benefits among different sectors of the society. 6. Contribute to raising awareness and building capacity of biodiversity conservation among the different sectors of the society. 7. Promote use of traditional knowledge for conservation, use and protection of the local communities’ intellectual property rights. 8. Establish institutions for inter-sectoral implementing mechanism for the Bangladesh National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. 9. Enhance Protected Area Management, recognizing the benefits of collaboration with local communities in their management (Co-management). 10. Ensure wise use of wetland resources. 11. Establish participatory mechanisms to receive and utilize the inputs from private sector, civil society and local Communities about the different process leading to biodiversity conservation, use and sharing of benefits. 12. Review and develop biodiversity related legislation(s) and establish a specific branch in the Judiciary to deal with biodiversity and environmental issues. I 3. Establish an open and transparent monitoring and reporting system status and trends of implementing the principles of CBD. 14. Develop a financial strategy that is innovative and sustainable. 15. Address issues of synergies with other Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and process that deal with climate change, disaster management, livelihoods, food security and sustainable development. 16. Integrate biodiversity conservation into the national development making, planning and process. Biodiversity conservation was included in PRSP (2003-2009), and NSAPR (2009-2011). Vision 2021 (Sixth and Seventh five year plans during 2011-2021) explicitly highlighted the conservation issue of biodiversity. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 has been amended in 2010 with much more on biodiversity conservation through protection of wetland and hilly areas. Bangladesh Biosafety Rules, 2012 has been enacted to protect biodiversity from the threats of the introduction of genetically modified organisms. Bangladesh Wildlife (Conservation and Security) Act, 2012 has been enacted. Bangladesh Biological Diversity Act has been approved by the Cabinet of the Government and the Act is waiting for the approval by the national parliament. ii. Increase ofArea under conservation Bangladesh government has enhanced conservation activities through declaring and managing various areas of biodiversity importance as Protected Areas (PAs), Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs), 4 Botanical Gardens, Safari Parks and Eco-Parks and Fish Sanctuaries. Of the total 40 PAs, 24 have been declared during the period starting from 2004 to 2015. Out of this 24 PAs, 23 is terrestrial or inland PAs (total area is about 36,127 ha) and the rest one is Marine Protected Area (MPA) that is about 1,73,800 ha. During 2004 to 2015, a total of 5 ECAs (9099 ha) has been declared. The Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project (CWBMP) was taken to institutionalize a participatory management system for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in four ECAs, namely, Cox’s Bazar Teknaf peninsula, St. Martin Island, Sonadia Island and Hakaluki Haor during 2004-20 11. The CWBMP is followed by ‘Community Based Adaptation of ECAs through Biodiversity Conservation and Social Protection (CBA-ECA)’ project during 2011 to 2015. A number of fish sanctuaries have been established towards protection of mother fish. For increasing reproduction and growth, fishing of Hilsha is banned for certain period of the year towards ensuring undisturbed spawning and avoidance of the catch of juvenile fish. Co-management approach has been introduced in some of the PAs and ECAs. iii. Documentation offlora andfauna A total of 28 volumes of the Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh (2007-2009) were published by the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh with the financial support of the MoEF. This included taxa from lower groups like bacteria and fungi to higher groups of plants and from protozoa to mammals, so far recorded in Bangladesh. iv. Updating Red list offlora andfauna Bangladesh National Herbarium (BNFI) has published Volume 1 of Red Data Book of threatened vascular plants of Bangladesh that included 106 threatened species in 2001. BNH has published the Volume 2 of Red Data Book of threatened vascular plants of Bangladesh that include 120 threatened species in 2013. Now the updating of the Red-list of animals is underway through the Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP) project of the Forest Department. 1.4 Lessons learnt from the first generation NBSAP The following points could shed a bit light of the lessons learnt on implementation gap of the NBSAP, 2004: i. Institutionalize NBSAP NBSAP implementation yet to go a long way to take the institutionalized shape. Although, NBSAP should be considered as guiding principle for the conservation of biodiversity of the country, a very good number of actions taken towards biodiversity conservation, without due attention to the NBSAP. ii. Mainstrealning ofNBSAP Integration of NBSAP into relevant sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, programs, projects, policies did not progress at a desired level. Mainstreaming has to go a long way to conserve biodiversity and ensure sustainable use. iii. Capacity building among the stakeholders Capacity enhancement at individual, institutional and systemic levels in the country to implement NB SAP has not been considered. 5 iv. Participation of the stakeholders in NBSAP implementation Participation of the stakeholders to implement NBSAP has not been scaled-up to the level where all the actors are playing their expected role. v. Weaker level of coordination Coordination, collaboration and cooperation with relevant government and non-government sectors, academia and industries in implementing NBSAP is still lagging behind. vi. Weaker level of international collaboration International collaboration in order to enhance technical and financial support from other parties and development partner has to be re-energized to implement NBSAP vii. No institutional mechanism for continuous monitoring and review of the progress NBSAP implementation Implementation progress of NESAP has only been discussed during development of national reports. To maximize the outcome of NBSAP implementation, a half yearly review of progress should be considered by the MOEF through National Committee on Biodiversity. viii. Resource mobilization did not take place at an optimum level Adequate financial resource to implement NBSAP was not mobilized covering all the strategies comprehensively. 1.5 Necessity of updating NBSAP Being a party to the CBD, Bangladesh is globally committed to implement the obligations under the convention and decision taken by the Conference of the Parties (COP) There are continuous threats on the precious biodiversity due to many factors including population pressure, urbanization, industrialization and global climate change. However, the conservation efforts implemented henceforth is not enough to halt the rapid loss of biodiversity. NBSAP has not yet been fully mainstreamed into the relevant sectoral and cross-sectoral policies and plans of the country. The value of ecosystem derived goods and services of the country has not yet been integrated into the national accounting system. The gap of knowledge and information on the biological resources or the natural capital is another striking area where the country needs energised efforts. As there are changes in various dimensions with regards to biodiversity and its conservation, it is necessary to revisit the NBSAP time to time and update the document in the line with the latest developments, laps and gaps. Unless the NBSAP is fully integrated into the development planning process and mainstreamed at the policy level, a paradigm shift towards conservation of biodiversity would not take place. With the pace of latest global developments, Bangladesh has to update NBSAP with the CBD Strategic Plan 2011-2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Targets) that has been adopted in COP 10 of the Convention on Bilogical Diversity in 2010. 6 1.6 Process of development of updated NBSAP The NBSAP has been updated through a series of consultations with stakeholders from relevant government, non-government agencies, civil societies, academia, print and electronic media at divisional and national level workshops. The process also involved thorough review by the relevant experts. Suggestions and comments given by the members of the steering committee were also taken into consideration while preparing the document. The process of development of updated NBSAP is shown in the Figure 2. Project taken by DoE assistance with GEE Engaging firm (IUCN) and individual consultants Focal Point nomination from the various organizations, Formation of Steering Committee and Review Committee Consultation workshops on developing national targets, activities and Indicators at national and division level National Workshops on draft NBSAP Peer Review on updated NBSAP Approval of updated NBSAP from MoEF Figure 2 Process of updating NB SAP , 1•. / Consultation on setting National Biodiversity Targets at Chameti Conference Room, Department Environment —----. -— —--‘ — .-- -,;‘ I, [- L.i Divisional consultation at Chittagong on setting Biodiversity Targets Consultation workshop at LGED-RDEC, Dhaka on developing Targets, Indicators and Sfrategy of updated NBSAF 7 0 0 2. Trends of Biodiversity Loss in Bangladesh 2.1 Degradation of ecosystems Rich biodiversity of Bangladesh has been facing huge pressure like any other developing country. Degradation of ecosystems and erosion of species and genetic diversity could be visualized in various part of the country, if we compare the present status of resources with that of what we have had only 3-4 decades back. Degradation ofForests A decreasing trend in the natural forest area of Bangladesh has been observed since 1980s (Figure 3). 2013. FAO (2015) reported a gradual decline in forest area over the period 1990 to 2015. In 1990, the total forest area was 1494,000 ha and in 2015 it became 1429,000 ha (Figure 4). On the basis of analysis of Landsat MSS/TM/ETM satellite imageries of 1976, Cultivation in hilly areas of Rangamati that was once a natural forest Figure 3 Forest land cover maps of Bangladesh produced by using Landsat MSS 1976 (left panel) and Landsat TM 2000 (middle panel) and Landsat TM 2010 (right panel) Source: SRDI, Area (,c 000 ha) 1404 68 1500 1480 1360 1440 1420 1300 1380 •1 1342 • 1420 L000 2000 2005 2010 2015 Figure 4 Changes in forest area during 1990 to 2015 (Source: FAO, 2015) 9 2000 and 2010, SRDI reported that the mangrove forest coverage has been decreased over the years. It has been stated that mangrove coverage was 452444 ha i.e. 3.12% of the total area of Bangladesh in 1976. The study revealed that the area has slightly been increased (1431 ha annually) and become 3.35% in 2000 and thereafter decreased significantly to 3.03% in 2010 and annually decreased by 4534 ha. It was estimated that the annual rate of increasing mangrove area was 0.0 1% during the period 1976 to 2000 that is attributed to mangrove plantation of 132000 ha coastal land along the shore. As per the analysis, during 2000-20 10, mangrove coverage decreased at the rate of 0.032%, although the overall rate of such decrease was 0.003% from 1976 to 2010 (SRDI, 2013). However, to the total land area of mangrove has not been decreased as FD is increasing mangrove plantation every year. Vegetation composition has been reported to be changed in the various forest ecosystems. Tree density in the Sundarban mangrove forests has also been observed to be decreased during the period 1959 to 1996 due to increased salinity. A total of 296 growing stock per ha in 1959 was reduced to 180 by1983 and to 144(48.65%) by 1996 (Aziz and Paul, 2015) It is observed that natural forest (Sundarban forest and Kassalong Hill forests) area has been decreased although plantation forest (Rubber Plantation and Coastal Afforestation) area is increased (FigureS), Natural forest depletion caused habitat destruction of many wild animals, as well as, many species of plants. Figure 5 Changes in area of some selected forests in Bangladesh over time (Source: FAO, 2015) Sundarban forest (x000ha) 406 405 399.456 396 1981 1905 Kassalong Hill forest (x000 ha> 76.105 80 61273 53.225 Hi a 1063 1083 1902 Rubber Plantations (x000ha) 3543 40 10.8 20 1990 2000 Coastal Afforestation (x000 ha) 76, .33 80 60 40 16.079 2o 1984 1996 10 Landuse change has altered the vegetation in the Sal forests of Bangladesh (Hossain et a!. 2009). Plant species diversity in the converted land has been found to be significantly lower than that in the relatively undisturbed natural Sal forest stands. Due to changes in the land use pattern in the forests, below ground soil decomposer community has also been changed. Degradation ofInland Water Ecosystems Throughout the country, the wetlands are decreasing, due mainly to anthropogenic activities like unplanned expansion of housing and settlements, industrial installations and construction of road networks. Many rivers, canals, ponds or ditches which have been supporting the biodiversity and their habitats are degraded because of clogging of channels through silting up and encroachment by filling up. Degradation status of wetlands could be realized from an analysis of CEGIS taking Landsat2 MSS Satellite image of 3 January 1977, Landsat5 TM satellite images of 1999 and Landsat5 TM satellite images of 2010 for the three landcover classes (Figures 6 & 7). The study ‘ P.rm.n.ntW.U.nds, 1909 • rffi$*Ld Figure 6 Map showing the permanent wetlands, settlements, waterbodies and major rivers of Bangladesh during 1997 to 2010 (source: CEGIS-WARPO, 2012). .—. 4 I. . . .‘ Pineapple cultivation in Sal forest Acacia plantation in Madhupur Sal forest Pe,nn.flt W.tI.nd., 1917 Penn•n•,t W.tI.nds, 1919 P.nn.n.ntW.ti.nds. 2010 11 found that the area of landcover class of perennial wetlands was 20503 ha in 1977; the same has been reduced to 5520 ha in 2010. It denotes a reduction of 73% of wetlands occurred within the period of 1977 to 2010. The landcover class of settlement and urban developed area was 54864 ha in 1977 which has been increased to 68144 ha in 2010 that denotes an increase of 24% of settlement and urban developed area within the period of 1977 to 2010. The landcover class of agriculture land, vegetation, fallow and bare land was 68708 ha in 1977 which has been increased to 70417 ha in 2010 which denotes an increase of 2.48% of agriculture land from 1977 to 2010 (CEGIS, 2012). The study clearly indicates that pressure on wetlands ecosystems is dramatically increasing. :: V J 4*.. •Irg. h, H !flI Figure 7 Changes in land classes during 1977 to 2010 through 1999 in Bangladesh (Source: CEGIS-WARPO, 2012). Water quality, very important for supporting biodiversity, has been deteriorating in various river ecosystems due to industrial or municipal wastes or effluents. Water quality of the rivers in the close vicinity of the capital city Dhaka: the Buriganga, the Shitalakhya and the Turag were assessed during the dry and wet season for the year 2014 that is presented in the Table 1. Parameters of river water in comparison to the Bangladesh standards for fisheries indicate the degradation of habitat for aquatic biodiversity during dry season. Table 1: Water Quality of Selected Rivers in dry season (Nov- May) and Wet Season (June- October) for 2014. Name of River DO (mg/i) BOD( mg/i) PH Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Season Season Season Season Season Season Buriganga 0.61 2.58 24.97 10.29 7.24 7.27 Sitalakhya 0.66 3.86 16.8 6.64 7.19 7.43 Turag River 0.69 2.75 35.44 7.21 7.67 7.37 Bangladesh Standards of 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 mg/I surface water for fisheries Source: DoE, 2014 54 30 a WctL.,,r I & S f9 1W: . Sewage of Dhaka city polluting the river Buriganga 12 Degradation of lands in various Agro-ecosystems Agricultural lands in Bangladesh are facing various degradations like over utilization, land use change, construction of unplanned infrastructures, injudicious use of fertilizers and pesticides. BARC (1999) reported several factors causing land degradation that include soil erosion, wind erosion, soil fertility decline, water logging, salinization, pan formation, acidification, lowering of water table, active floodplain, deforestation, etc. Table 2 shows various factors with the coverage of the land degradation affected area in various intensities. Excess use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and insecticides causes degradation of soil quaLity. Study revealed that tobacco cultivation also has negative impacts on water and soil quality, as well as biodiversity (Kutub and Falgunee 2015). Table 2: Different types of land degradation and their extent in Bangladesh Affected area (million ha) Total area % National Types of degradation Light Moderate Strong (million ha) area Water erosion 0.1 0.3 1.3 1.7 12 Riverbankerosion - - - 1.7 12 Soil fertility decline 3.8 4.2 - 8.0 54 Organic matter depletion 1.9 1.6 4.0 7.5 51 Waterlogging 0.7 - - 0.7 5 Salinization 0.6 0.3 - 0.9 6 Ploughpan - 1.0 - 1.0 7 Acidification 2.74 3.70 0.25 6.69 Deforestation - 1.5 - 1.5 10 Total 7.1 11.2 5.3 23.6 Source: After Hossain, 2007. Brick manufacturing have been taking away the fertile agricultural soils of Bangladesh. Khan et al. (2007) conducted a study to evaluate the effects of brick making on soil fertility. It has been reported that soil collected for brick burning has altered soil nutrient status, physical and chemical properties. Although use fuelwood in brick burning was prohibited, yet the homestead trees like date palm had been used in brick kilns resulted in reduction of these trees in rural agro-ecosystems. Withdrawal of the Ganges water in the upstream during the dry season has triggered draw-down of water table leads to land degradation in the northern and western part of the country. The Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem is facing degradation as salinity is aggravating due to reduced recharge or flow offreshwaterfromtheupstream. - - --.. Degradation in the Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Coastal and Marine Ecosystem in Bangladesh is facing pressures from sea-level rise and climate change induced disasters exacerbated with localized interventions in some areas. Because of these drivers of changes, natural resources of the coastal zones are depleting. Density of the mangrove plants in some areas ; H I 1. — fl——. Figure 8 Coastal zones of Bangladesh 13 of Sundarban has been reported to be thinned. Depletion of the Chakaria Sundarban has been shown in several studies. Miah et al. (2010) reported that 18,000 ha Chakaria Sundarban of Cox’s Bazar has been encroached for the expansion of brackish water shrimp farming during the period from 1975 to 1999. Study furnished by Rahman and Hossain (2015) has shown that major changes in land use occurred in this area during 1984 to 1994. Mangrove forest cover was almost cleared in 1994. They reported that during 1973-20 12 Shrimp farming in Satkhira district area. deforestation of the mangrove took place and salt farming increased from 2% to 23% in 2012, it leads to shrink of agricultural land from 36% in 1974 to 7% in 2012 (Rahman and Hossam, 2015). Shrimp culture by using salt water is causing degradation of coastal ecosystem. Hydrological regime and agricultural patterns are being affected by the shrimp cultivation in this region. Landcover of shrimp farming has isoooo increased remarkably over the last decades and is still increasing (Figure 9). iOu000 Before 1980, shrimp aquaculture area 50000 — was oniy 20,000 ha, in 30 years it 0 . expanded 10 fold and that rose to 217,877 ha (Karim, 1986 and DoF, 1975 1080 985 1900 1995 2000 2005 2010 2008b). During the last 30 years, shrimp Figure 9 Trend in expansion of shrimp areas in production (Figure 9) from aquaculture Bangladesh (Karim, 1986 and DoF, 2008b) has increased more than five fold, from 14773mt in 1986-87 to 86840mt in the fiscal year 2006-07 (DoF, 2008b). As per SRIJI (2010), salt affected area in Bangladesh increased over the time; 0.833 million ha, 1.02 1 million ha and 1.056 million ha in 1973, 2000 and 2009, respectively. During the period from 2000 to 2009, about 0.035 million ha (3.5%) salt affected area increased. During the last 36 years (1973-2009), the salt affected area became 0.223 million ha (26.7%) indicating the trend of reduced fertility of soil for the agriculture in the coastal zone (Figure 10). Coastal Ecosystem of Bangladesh is threatened by various interventions like I 250000 200000 Salt affected area (million ha) 1.2 1 ,. 0.8 0.6 0.4 1973 2000 2009 Figure 10 Salt affected areas from 1973 to 2009 (SRDI 2010) 14 shipping and ship-breaking those are producing oil-spills, bilge and ballast water. Coastal environment is being polluted by the oil spills from various sources of oil company terminals, dry docks, refineries, port operations and ship-breaking activities. Degradation ofHomestead vegetation Once upon a time, the homesteads in Bangladesh were abundant in indigenous species plant and wildlife. Now-a-days, indigenous trees are still there but it is believed that some trees are rarely found in the homesteads. Wildlife like foxes, various wild cats, otters, snakes, lizards and monitor lizards are not seen in abundance in the homesteads. Due to population pressure, expansion of settlement, change in human behavior, human-animal conflict, revenge killing of wild animals, clear cutting of bushes, filling-up of ditches, ponds and canals these animals has become rare in many places. 2.2 Depletion of species diversity Depletion ofFloral Diversity The common understanding is that floral diversity in Bangladesh has been declining. A quite large number of plants are identified as threatened in Bangladesh. Out of the total vascular plant species (3,813), 30 were critically endangered, 127 endangered and 329 vulnerable (Irfanullah, 2011). Among the various groups, Pteridophytes were most threatened accounting 18.46% followed by Monocotyledones (18.42%).The first and the second volumes of Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh includes 120 and 106 species, respectively, as threatened as per of ILJCN criteria of Red List categories and assessment process (Ara et al., 2013). Although there is no detailed information on the loss of plant species diversify, it appears from the literature that about 225 vascular plant species (Annexl Table 1) those were reported about 50 to 100 years ago, are not found now-a-days in the territory of Bangladesh (Uddin SN 2016, personal communication). 7 .‘ .r.. ç. Polyalti a smiarurn 2 I •. ,.. I4i IieIia nuniI Pu-racmaJrivanirri ..i %N I — ..•— p . . ... .1 p t [- ;‘44 Siphanodon ccla;trineu.sMunronia pinnata • \ — I Tetraclium glabrifolium Horsfieldia amygdalina Atalantiamonophyllo Xerospermum laevigatum Some Red-Listed Plant Species in Bangladesh. 15 Depletion ofFauna! Diversity A declining trend in the population of various faunal species is reported by various studies. About 23% of vertebrates found in Bangladesh are facing different level of threats (Feeroz, 2014). IUCN (2000) reported that 57% of reptiles and 36% of mammals are under threats. IUCN (2000) reported a total of 388 bird species in Bangladesh of which 19 are Critically Endangered, 18 are Threatened Endangered 4 are Vulnerable Of the birds that have extinct from Bangladesh, only one species (Pink-headed Duck) has already become globally extinct. Invertebrate population and diversity in the country is also reducing because gradual depletion of habitat. An updating of the Red list assessment is in the final stage by the IUCN under SRCWP project that assessed 1,619 species and categorized 390 as threatened species: 56 are Critically Endangered (CR), 181 are Endangered (EN), 153 are Vulnerable (VU) and 31 species have been classified as Regionally Extinct (RE). The assessment also listed 278 species as ‘Data Deficient’. The latest assessment figured it out that a large number of species have recently undergone rapid decline (IUCN 2016, personal communication). A survey conducted by the Fish Museum and Biodiversity Centre (FMBC) of Bangladesh Agricultural University during 2000-2013 reported that more than 100 riverine fishes are presently under threats and 25 fish species are not observed for more than last 20 years indicating the possibility of their extinctions from the waterbodies of the country (DoE 2015). As per earlier Red list assessment a total of 14 faunal species those were recorded once upon a time in the territory of Bangladesh have no longer any stable population (Table 3). To be noted that the total number of this Locally extinct species will be increased as the latest Red list will be published. Table 3: Faunal species those no longer have any stable population in Bangladesh territory. LocailEnglish name Scientific name Available until 1. Tripped Hyena Hyaena hyaena — until 19th century 2. Grey Wolf Canis lupus — until 1940s 3. Swamp Deer Cervus duvaucelii — until l950s 4. Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra — end of 19th century 5. Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus — until 1 940s 6. Gaur Bosgaurus — until l970s 7. Banteng Bosjavanicus — until 1930s 8. Wild Water Buffalo Bubalus arnee — until early 1940s 9. Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis — until l880s 10. Javan Rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus — until 1908 1 1. Indian Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis — until end of 19th century 12. Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus — until early 1 980s 13. Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea — until early 20th century 14. Marsh Crocodile Crocodylus palustris — until 1 950s Source: BFD website, 2016 16 2.3 Erosion of genetic diversity Genetic diversity of different crops and cereals are declining. Over the years, excessive exploitation, illegal trade and introducing alien invasive species has threatened many local species. The loss of genetic diversity within species is occurring even faster than species extinction. Indigenous crop plants are being not cultivated widely and HYVs are replacing the local cultivars or indigenous crops. The available evidences, however, indicate that human activities are eroding the prevalent biological resources and greatly reducing the biodiversity. For instance, once upon a time there were about 10,000 rice varieties in Bangladesh, now a days only about 25 varieties are being cultivated (DoE, 2010). Based on the visual observation, collections and different research activities of BARI, 19 landraces species and 47 crops species (Annex: Table 2 and 3) have been identified as threatened (BARI 2016, Personal Communication). 2.4 Threats to biodiversity in Bangladesh The rich biodiversity of Bangladesh is under various kinds of threats. The main threats to the species, genetic and ecosystem diversity in Bangladesh are summarized in Table 5. The main threats include landuse change, habitat destruction, over-exploitation, introduction of HYVs in agriculture, use of agrochemicals, invasive alien species (lAS), human-wildlife conflicts, pollution, urbanization, industrialization, unplanned plantation, hill cutting and above all, climate change. These direct threats are related to the indirect threats such as socio-economic condition like population pressure, level of awareness and lack of substantial information about the management and law enforcement. Harun-ur-Rashid et al. (2013-14) evaluated 75 medicinal plant species under the family Apocynaceae and Vitacease and found 28 species to be threatened mainly due to over exploitation and habitat destruction. Genetic diversity is threatened by cultivation of HYV, monoculture practices, use of agrochemicals, and above all, loss of indigenous knowledge. Intensity of cropping in the agricultural land is increasing day after day; in 200 1-2002 area under single cropping was 2.87 million ha and that of triple cropping was 1.02 million ha while those in the year 2010-2011 were 2.24 million ha and 1.49 million ha, respectively (Figure 11). Such increased cropping will result into rapid depletion of nutrients in soil. However, in the agricultural systems, threats mainly include increased intensity of cropping, nutrient depletion, agro-chemicals and so on. Buckwheat Foxtail Black currentee iiAlu Threatened crop species of Bangladesh 17 Area in million ha 8 7 6 — 5 4 3 2 L rr--r-. . S o —--—NetcroppecI area çç ‘ c c? c’ c° ç ç c :L• - 9 ‘ - , , Figure 11 Intensity of crop cultivation in Bangladesh from 2001-02 to 2011 (area in million ha) Increased use of chemical fertilizers namely urea, TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) and SSP (Single Super Phosphate) is required to meet the growing demand intensive crop cultivation that is posing threats to the sustainability of the soil quality in the country (Figure 12 & 13). Net increase of pesticides use in Bangladesh (Figure 14) is degrading the soil quality and agro-biodiversity. Cultivation of unsuitable crops (e.g. tobacco) has also been contributing to the degradation of agricultural soil. Chemical fertilizers of different types are used that contain some hazardous substances and heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, As, Sb, Hg, Ni and Cr which may enter the food chain through uptake by plants. Urea (Ton) 3000000 —--------- 2500000 —.--.—- —. 2000000 1500000 ———.——-.——-———-—-— . . 1000000 .. —. 500000 0 - - - c’ c ‘ c” çb Figure 12 Yearly sale of urea fertilizer in Bangladesh (Source: BBS, 2014) . —4— Not avaijable for cuIUvaton Siiile cropped area Doube cropped area Trip1e cropped area 18 27 S 000 250000 225000 200000 175000 150000 125000 100000 75000 50000 25000 vs” 5 5” ‘ Figure 13 Yearly sale of TSP and SSP fertilizer in Bangladesh (Source: BBS, 2014) 60000 Total pesticides (Metric Ton/KL) 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Figure: 14 Yearly sales of pesticides in Bangladesh during 1999 to 2012 (Source: BBS, 2014) The problem of increased salinity has become a great threat to the biodiversity mostly in the southern part of the country (Figure 15). The anticipated global climate change related effects are likely to complicate the existing problems of salinity in coastal areas. The consequences of climate change include sea level rise that leads to intrusion of salinity into new area, cyclones, changes in rainfall patterns, diseases etc. those are the threats to both natural and man-made ecosystems. It is predicted that sea level will rise up to 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm by the year 2020, 2050 and 2100 and in the year 2100, about 17.5% of the total area of the country will go under water (Figure 15). Salinity is gradually increasing from the south to the northern regions of the country (Figure 15) which might be related to both sea level rises as well as decreased flow of fresh water from the upstream to the 0 ——TSP(Ton) ——SSP(Ton) 19 downstream of the rivers in the country. Over the years, average number of cyclones per year has increased (Figure 16). The onslaught of climate change has already started changing the life forms or behavior various species that if continues will have serious adverse impacts on the ecosystems. Sea level rise (cm) Land affected (%) 1OQ —..-- ..... 100 18 16 80 14 12 60 — 40 8 6 20 10 4’ 2 —s J 2 jrJZ 0 .. 0 2020 2050 2100 2020 2050 2100 Figure 15 Predicted sea level rise and its effects on land mass of Bangladesh. (Source: Mahmudu.zzaman et al. 2014) Figure 16 Annual frequency and trends of tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal from 1985 to 2009 (Source: Chowdhury et al., 2012). 10 00 0 0C) LL C) 0 C) 00 4 2 a 0/ \ I 0 0 0 0 0 0 D r— ,—. C’1 ) ‘t L() c C) r.J r 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) C) 0) 0) 3) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) C) 0) CN C J 4 N C”) ‘J C’) ‘l C’J Years 20 Threats to the natural ecosystems (forests, wetlands, estuaries, etc.) are ever-increasing due to unplanned urbanization, industrialization, as well as, climatic disasters. Strong cyclones and tidal surges affect human settlements as well as, natural vegetation in the coastal areas. There are studies that reported damage of the natural vegetation of Sundarbans as affected by cyclone like Sidr in 2007 (Hossain and Begum 2011). Estuarine ecosystems are prone to the threats of river erosion, as well as accretion (MES 2001). Table 4: Threats to biodiversity of Bangladesh Component of Threats Biodiversity Species diversity Habitat destruction, invasive alien species, human-wildlife conflicts, pollution, over exploitation, use of agrochemicals (e.g. chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides etc) etc. Genetic diversity Cultivation of HYV, monoculture practices, use of agrochemicals (e.g. chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides etc) etc. Madhupur Sal Land use change, over-exploitation, Illegal cutting, weak encroachment, expansion of forest agriculture, poaching, human settlement, grazing, pollution, etc Hill forest Horticultural practices, Jhum Cultivation (Shifting cultivation), tobacco cultivation, rubber plantation, mass settlement, hill cutting, construction of Infrastructures, etc Sundarban Habitat destruction, over-exploitation, extraction of poles for fixing fishing nets, Mangrove forest poaching (during 2010-2015, 8 tigers were reported to be killed), poison fishing, invasive alien species ( a total of 23 alien species has been reported), uncontrolled tourism, top-dying disease, poor regeneration, shrimp farming, illegal forest cutting, natural disasters, pollution, climate change consequences like increased salinity and sea level rise Agroecosystem Loss of agricultural land, high yielding varieties, fertilizer, pesticides, increased salinity, increased intensity of cropping, tobacco cultivation, brick field, river bank erosion, soil fertility, arsenic pollution, organic matter depletion, water logging, use of top soil in brick manufacturing, climate change, etc Homestead Expansion of settlements, construction of infrastructures, etc. vegetation Floodplain Changes in hydrological regime, salinity intrusion, agrochemicals, industrial pollution, etc. River Reduced upstream flow, siltation, salinity intrusion, sea level rise, increased evaporation rate, soil erosion, water pollution, increased rainfall during monsoon, water scarcity during dry season, un-planned sand collection from the river etc. Beels, Haors and Over-exploitation, destructive fishing practices, water pollution, construction of Baors infrastructures (e.g. roads, bridges, culverts), etc. Coastal and Cyclones, storm surges, tsunami, floods, earthquakes, climate change, siltation, Marine ecosystem pollution, water logging, arsenic contamination, oil spill etc Estuarine Erosion, accretion, pollution, siltation, oil spill, climate change, etc ecosystem Source: NBSAP Team Effects ofSidr on the vegetation of Sundarbans forest 21 Box 3 Invasive Alien Plant Species in Bangladesh Invasive alien species (lAS) are becoming a global problem causing harm to the economy as well as to the biodiversity of the local area. These species compete with and suppress the survival of the native species. In Bangladesh, following species are found as lAS: Eichhornia crassipes (Kachun pana), Eupatorium ordoratum (Ayapan), Mikania cordata (Assam Iota), Croton bonpiandianum (Bonkhira), Lantana camara (Kasundi), Ageratum conyzoides (Goat weed, ghag), Arylosia scarabaeoides (wild kulthi), Commelina oblique (Jotakansira), Convolvulus arvensis, Evolvulus nummularius (Bhuiokra), Hyptis suaveolens (Bon topma), Ipomea carnea (Dholkalmi), Ludwigia adscendens (Keshordham) and Mimosa pudica (Lajjaboti). Recently, Parthenium hysterophorl.Ls L. has become the most serious lAS in Bangladesh (Source: Hossain and Pasha, 2001; SN Uddin, 2016, personal communication) 2.5 Consequence of biodiversit loss The biodiversity loss has negative effects on several aspects on human well-beings. Biodiversity has a huge impact on business and industry. The United Nations estimates that annual global economic losses due to deforestation and land degradation alone were between $2 trillion and $4.5 trillion in 2008. If we continue to use our resources in an unsustainable way, it will jeopardize our future. L On Human Well-being Human beings, all over the world, depend on biodiversity for their livings. People who farm, fish, or create crafts or furniture from natural sources will be in danger of losing their livelihoods if the species they depend on begin to decline. In some cases this is paradoxical, since overfishing and overhunting contribute to the very rapid loss that will eventually make the fishers and hunters unable to support themselves. Biodiversity loss has negative effects on several aspects of human well-being including food security, resilience to natural disasters, energy security, and access to clean water and raw materials. It also affects human health, social relations and freedom of choice. Biodiversity loss can directly affect human health and nutrition if ecosystem services are no longer adequate to meet the basic needs. Significant medical and pharmacological discoveries are made through greater understanding of the earth’s biodiversity. Loss in biodiversity may limit discovery of potential treatments for many diseases and health problems. The variety of foods that we consume will be significantly reduced which may ultimately lead to poorer health as well. ii. On cultural values Biodiversity is a part of daily life of human being and their culture. Natural beauty will vanish and future generations may never be in a position to appreciate the nature’s wonders. Many people around the world value various ecosystem components in their religious and spiritual belief systems. If biodiversity is lost it will affect culture and quality of life. iii. Increased natural calamities Loss of biodiversity may intensify natural disasters world-wide. Forest degrathtion triggers shift in rainfall pattern, land degradation and hydrological regime. Coastal communities are vulnerable to the effects of the natural disasters. Removal and conversion of wetlands worldwide have worsened conditions during floods. 22 iv. Impact on ecosystem functioning Ecosystem functions are related to the biodiversity (Bardgett 2005). Biodiversity loss may negatively affect ecosystem through leading to fewer utilized niches, stronger competition, and lower process rates thus affecting ecosystem functioning negatively. Positive interactions between species, such as facilitation, have the potential to be of great importance for ecosystem functioning. Forests become weaker, disintegrate and lose their capacity to absorb CO2 leading to more global warming and other climate change problems. 23 maintenance is essential for the production of food and other agricultural goods and the benefits they provide to humanity, including food security, nutrition and livelihoods. Moreover, 3.1.2 Contribution of Fisheries and Fish Biodiversity Fishing and fish culture activities are related to both socio-economy and traditional culture of the peoples of Bangladesh. This sub-sector plays a vital role in the country’s economy through employment generation, protein supply and foreign currency earning and eventually poverty alleviation. Fisheries, contributed nearly 3.30% to the GDP in 2013-2014 fiscal year in current prices and 3.69% in constant price (as per 2005-2006 base year) in Bangladesh (BBS,20l4).Bangladesh is in 4thposition among other countries of the world in capturing fish from inland waters (FAO 2014). However, the sub-sector contributes 23% of gross agriculture products and 2.0 1% to the total export earnings (BBS, 2012-13).It accounts for about 63% of animal protein intake in the diet of the people of Bangladesh (DoF, 2005). The fisheries sector provides full-time employment to an estimated 1.2 million fishermen and an additional 17.1 million people, i.e. more than 11% of total population is directly or indirectly dependent on fisheries sub sector (D0F, 2014).Another 10% poor and middle class people are engaged in part-time fishing, aquaculture, fish seed production and collection of shrimp and prawn seed, fish handling, processing and marketing, net making, and input supply. Besides the traditional fishing, culture fishing has Paddy field Groundnut field Traditional fishing Traditional fishing net 26 3. Importance of Biodiversity 3.1 importance of ecosystem goods and services in the life and livelihood of the people The life and livelihoods of the people of Bangladesh is largely dependent on the various goods and services provided by the ecosystems. The basic needs of our daily life such as food, shelter, clothes and medicines are directly offered by the ecosystems upon which our existence is dependent. Economic, social and cultural life of Bangladesh is closely linked with the goods and services of ecosystems. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of these services in terms of economic contribution to the country, as well as depict a glimpse of economic valuation of services provided by some selected ecosystems such as hilly forests, mangrove forests and wetland ecosystems, to consider conservation of biodiversity as our basic responsibility in order to sustain our living. BOX — 4 Goods and services provided by ecosystems There are four distinct types of goods and services of ecosystem on which human life is dependent. These are categorized as: (i) provisioning services (e.g. food, shelter, fiber, fuel, fresh water, medicine, etc.), (ii) supporting services (e.g. primary production, habitat provision, nutrient cycling, atmospheric oxygen production, soil formation and retention, etc.), (iii) regulating services (e.g. pollination, seed dispersal, regulating water cycle, climate regulation, creation of microclimate, control of flooding, pest and disease regulation and water purification, etc.), (iv) cultural services (e.g. spiritual values, recreation and aesthetic values and knowledge systems). The cultural services like religious, educational and entertainment services of nature that we relish like tourism, research, pilgrimages to natural sites, etc. While all these services are very important and essential for our living, many of these services are free-gift of nature and are not valued by us while taking day-to-day economic and social decisions. Finally, the supporting services of nature like habitat control, pollination, etc allows us to survive in perpetuity. Without these services, our social and economic life would have been in a difficult condition. Of the world’s food supply, 90% comes from a mere 20 of’ plant species. Not only food supply, At least 40% of the world’s economy and 80% of the needs of the poor are derived from the biological resources. Plant vegetation reduces global warming by sequestering atmospheric carbon, wetlands filter pollutants from water, bacteria and fungi break-down organic material and fertilize the soil and maintain nutrient cycling. Medicinal plants are used for preparation of many lifesaving drugs such as penicillin, aspirin, taxol, quinine, etc. In a nutshell, biodiversity is the cornerstone of our existence on Earth. 3.1.1 Contribution ofAgricultural Biodiversity and Agriculture Agriculture is the major largest producing sector of the economy and it contributes about 15.89% (at current price) of the total GDP but it also employs 45.6% of labour force engaged in this sector (BBS, 2013-14) in Bangladesh. Biodiversity underpins the agriculture productivity. The agricultural sector is heavily dependent on soil fertility which is based not only on the soil physico-chemical properties but also on the soil biological communities i.e. diversity of microorganism. Moreover, soil biodiversity i.mderpins the agriculture productivity. Agricultural biodiversity includes all components of biodiversity — at genetic, species and ecosystem levels — that are relevant to food and agriculture and support the ecosystems in which agriculture occurs. In addition, agricultural productivity is dependent on rainfall, water availability, and temperature. These are essential ingredient of nature. Therefore, its 25 1’ .) involved another 10% poor and middle class people in part-time fishing, aquaculture, fish seed production and collection of shrimp and prawn seed, fish handling, processing and marketing, net making, and input supply 3.1.3 Contribution ofLivestock and Poultry The livestock anil poultry sub-sector is another important sector that employs a large number of people and is the major source of protem in our diet. The sector provides employment and livelthood opportunities particularly for rural poor and functionally landless people many of whom regard livestock as a main livelihood option. The contribution of animal farming to GDP is 2.07% at current price (BBS, 2014) and the overall trend of the livestock in Bangladesh has also been increasing. Moreover, milk, meat and eggs are showing increasing trend of yearly production (DoE 2015). 3.1.4 Contribution ofForestry Forests have a widely realized contribution to human well-being. Besides providing timber and other on-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for human consumption, forests also provide cultural values, like education and aesthetic beauty, which are realized through research and tourism, respectively. It is comparatively easier to estimate the value of goods, for example, the worth of a forest in terms of total timber it has, but not the ecosystem services or cultural services it offers. Some attempts have, however, been made. The direct contribution of forest and related services to GDP is about 1.43% (BBS, 2014). In their report by Haque and Aich (2014), they have estimated both direct and indirect values of Sundarban ecosystems. They have found that while the direct value of Sundarban forests is only $1.39 per hectare, Sundarban ecosystem generates between 456$ to 1192$ when other ecosystem services are included. According to their estimates, Sundarban forests contribute between US$273 million to US$714 million per year to the Bangladesh economy. Their study shows that important of estimating values of ecosystem services in order to ensure that the nature is conserved for the welfare of human being. 3.1.5 Contribution ofthe Nature’s Aesthetic values and Nature-based tourism Around the country, the number of eco-tourists travelling to enjoy the beauty of nature and various cultures are increasing. Cox’s Bazar, St. Martin’s Island, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the Sundarban mangrove forests and other protected areas are the prime sites visited by the tourists. Kuakuta which is situated in such a place from where both sun-set and sun-rise are seen is attracting tourist. Choudhury (2013) reported that, between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011, 207,930 tourists visited the Sundarban alone, whereby the Government earned revenue of Taka 8.622 million. According to the WTTC, Bangladesh’s tourism industry directly contributed around Taka 2.23 trillion (2.1%) to the country’s GDP in 2013 (WTTC, 2014), implying immense potential of ecotourism in Bangladesh. In 2014, direct, indirect and induced contributions of tourism to GDP were 2.3%, 1.3% and 0.9%, respectively; whereas generating 1.8% of total employment in the country. These figures remained more or less the same since 2010 (WTTC, 2014). 27 In addition to nature-based tourism, forests, hills, haors and rivers of Bangladesh are intricately linked to the cultural diversity of Bangladesh. It has been able to nurture many ethnic communities of Bangladesh and also provided a spiritual harmony to them. Furthermore, the nature and its diversity have also played in important role in supporting our folkiores and folk music. 3.1.6 Cultural values ofbiodiversity Biodiversity components significantly bear cultural, religious and spiritual values. These are often a part and parcel of the daily life of human being. In the rural areas, there are village fairs, cultural progranm-ie and Haat (village markets) that take place usually under the big trees, mostly Banyan (Ficus benghalensis). The Hindu communities in Bangladesh are seen to do worships using plants like Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum). Emblem of elephants, tigers, and snakes are seen to be used as a ritual of the people of various religious beliefs. Ratargul swamp forest, Syihet Sundarban mangrove forest Inani beach, Cox’s Bazar Photograph on Nature Base tourism/Eco-tourism Kaptai lake, Rangamati 28 BoX- 5 Medicinal Plants Medicinal plants serve as lifesaving wealth. A large number of people in the country are solely dependent on Ayurvedic treatment for maintaining their health. Medicinal plants are useful to human well-being and considered as a national wealth. About 747 plants with therapeutic value has been identified as reported by Yusuf et al. (2000; in Motaleb et al., 2013). In Bangladesh, there are about 297 Unani, 204 Ayurvedic and 77 Homeopathic drug manufacturing industries where the medicinal plants are extensively used in both raw and semi-processed forms of medicine in various pharmaceutical dose formulations. These plants also serve as important raw materials for many modem medicinal preparations. The market value of drugs produced by these industries from medicinal plants is about BDT 3 billion. Besides, village Kobiraj, street vendors and indigenous people also use a large number of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. Motaleb et al. (2013) reported that this practice reflects rich traditional heritage and that it plays a significant role in the general welfare of the upland communities of the CHTs. 3.21aIuation of Ecosystems Economic valuation of ecosystems is relevant for taldng the importance of ecosystems into the national accounting systems. However, reports on economic valuation on the ecosystems in Bangladesh are not yet available. In this report, economic valuation of three ecosystems has been done as an assessment of values of ecosystem services to understand the contribution of different ecosystem services to the economy of Bangladesh. This estimation has been done using secondary data for the mangrove, wetland and hill forests of Bangladesh. This valuation is based on the estimates of ecosystem services from other studies. Ecosystem services that are valued in this study include the mangrove, wetland and hill forest ecosystems of Bangladesh. In this method, we used a general list of ecosystem services from these ecosystems and verified those using FGDs from the fields. The services that are listed for such ecosystems are shown in Table 5. I Sarpagandha (RauwoUla sarpentina) Aloe Vera 29 Table 5: Ecosystem services from hill forest, wetland and mangrove ecosystems Sl Provisioning Si Regulatory Si Cultural l Agricultural Production I Climate Benefits 1 Aesthetics Information Habitat Services inspiration for Culture 2 Sand and pebble mining 2 (spawning and breeding 2 and Art grounds) Protection of Threatened 3 Compost Collection 3 Air Quality Regulation 3 species Fish CultivationlCulturelF 4 Animal Habitat Support 4 Religious services arming Aquatic Habitat Other 5 Research and education5 Fish Harvest 5 than Fish Support 6 Food Harvest 6 Biodiversity Protection 6 Tourism 7 Fuel 7 Biological Control Climate Regulation 8 Other inland harvests 8 — (Carbon Sink) Coastal Area protection 9 Other aquatic harvests 9 from Tidal waves and storm 10 Horticultural Products 10 Fish Habitat support 1 1 Jhum cultivation 1 1 Flash Flood 12 Livelihood Support 12 Flood ControllDrought Ground water recharge 13 Medicinal Resources 13 and discharge 14 Ornamental Resource 14 Land degradation 15 Rearing/Livestock Fattening 15 Migratory Bird Support 16 Transportation services 16 Pollination 17 Water Usage/Consumption 17 Precipitation Siltation and Productivity 18 Timber 18 increase 19 Wood Harvest Timber 19 Soil Erosion 20 Soil Formation Wave induced damage 21 protection Storm protection / Coastal 22 Protection 23 Swamp forest support 24 Waste Assimilation 25 Water Regulation Source: Extracted from TEEB, 2010 Study on economic valuation using benefit transfer method reveals that the services of hill forest, wetland and mangrove ecosystems generate a value equivalent of 9.2% to 33.3% of GDP of Bangladesh. The wide range of variation found in this study represents a limitation of this approach. Improvement in this estimate is only possible using primary data where values of ecosystem services can be estimated directly. At the same time, this value should not be construed as the value of all ecosystem services of Bangladesh because this study included only mangrove, hills and wetland ecosystems. The values generated by the coastal ecosystems, the riverine ecosystems, the floodplains, 30 the Barind Tracts, and other ecosystems (like marine, islands and chars) of Bangladesh are not included in this study. The study finds that hilly ecosystem generates services that are worth between 4.3 and 8.2 percent of GDP (Table 6). Similarly, that of the wetland ecosystem (haors and beels) is worth between 1 and 16 percent of GDP and that of mangrove is between 4 and 9 percent of GDP. The study further reveals that regulatory services of the three ecosystems are quite important and it is equivalent of 1.5 to 14.9% of GDP. This means that in case of deterioration of the conditions of such eco-systems, the impact on the economy will be much higher and so the cost of deterioration on the economy could be, as high as, 15% of the current GDP. On the other hand, marketed and traded provisional services of the ecosystems are already included in the GDP calculations (since GDP includes values of fishery, agriculture, forest products, etc.). It is also evident from the findings that the values (in monetary units) vary significantly from as low as 9% to as high as 33% of GDP from the three ecosystems studied here. This high range of variation should be reduced through primary valuation studies in order to ensure that contribution of ecosystems in the economy is understood clearly and can be used to protect these ecosystems. In addition, values found in this study suggest that value of regulatory and cultural services of the ecosystems are as much as the provisional services. Therefore, it is important that such values shall be estimated to understand the real impact of the existence of ecosystems of Bangladesh. Moreover, the values of the mangrove ecosystems did not include protection services of the mangroves from cyclones and other natural disasters in the coastal areas. This is because no such study exists on any large mangrove ecosystems. The values of which, if included, would have increased the monetary value of the mangrove ecosystem. Table 6 Economic valuation of hilly forest, wetlands and mangrove ecosystems of Bangladesh Name of Category of Estimated Land Total Economic Total Value as the Services Economic Value Area in Value In Million Percentage of Ecosystem Per Hectare USD Thousand USD per year GDP Hectare Max Mm Max Mm Max Mm Hilly Provisional Forest Services 9,422 9,403 6,360 6,347 3.7% 3.7% (without Timber) Provisional 567 567 382 382 0.2% 0.2% Services(Timber) Regulatory 11,070 970 7 472 654 4.3% 0.4% Services Cultural Services - Hffly Forest Total 21,059 10,939 675 14,214 7,384 8.2% 4.2% Wetland Provisional ecosystem Services 13,858 2,307 11,086 1,846 6.4% 1.1% (without Timber) Provisional Services 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0% ( Timber) Regulatory 20,402 2,733 16,322 2,187 9.4% 1.3% Services Cultural Services 175 175 140 140 0.1% 0,1% WetlandTotal 34,436 5,217 800 27549 1,525 15.9% 0.9% Coastal Provisional 13,574 2,022 1,819 271 1.0% 0.2% 31 Name of Category of Estimated Land Total Economic Total Value as the Services Economic Value Area in Value In Million Percentage of Ecosystem Per Hectare USD Thousand USD per year GDP Hectare Max Mm Max Mm Max Mm Mangrove Services Ecosystem (without Timber) Provisional Services 1,270 1,270 170 170 0.1% 0.1% ( Timber) Regulatory 15,171 1,619 2,033 217 1.2% 0.1%Services Cultural Services 89,850 46,968 12,040 6,294 6.9% 3.6% Coastal Mangrove 119,865 51,879 134 16,062 6952 9.2% 4.0% Ecosystem Total Total Value of Ecosystems 175,360 68,035 57,825 15,860 33.3% 9.1% 3.3 Way forward The valuation study has revealed that ecosystems of Bangladesh contribute significantly towards the national income of the country. There are three major services: provisioning services, regulatory services and cultural services of the ecosystems. Of these, only the traded provisional services are currently accounted in the national accounting systems. The regulatory services of an ecosystem are the foundation of many provisioning services. Depletion or deterioration of such services will ultimately weaken the productive foundation of the economy. Therefore, Bangladesh should plan to undertake a comprehensive assessment of the values of ecosystem services and integrate them in the national accounting system. This has also been suggested in the 7 FYP document of the Government of Bangladesh (p443). Given the limitation of resources, a gradual approach towards completing the values of all ecosystem services could be the option to move ahead. Therefore, the recommendations are: 1. Regulatory services of mangroves shall be studied in details, particularly; values for protection against cyclones and storm surges shall be studied using longitudinal data. 2. The services of the all other forests in terms of regulating the weather and hydrological cycles are important for maintenance of the productive capacity of the areas surrounding the region. There was no major study from Bangladesh on these resources. This should be part of the future initiatives for research. 3. Ecosystem services of the wetlands of Bangladesh is different from that of other countries largely because of the unique characteristics of the haors and beels in terms of retention of early rain water and providing habitat services for fresh fish and other aquatic animals. There is no study similar to such ecosystem and so the values reported here is probably an underestimation. Research on valuing such services shall be undertaken in order to find the values of this unique wetlands ecosystems. 4. Since Bangladesh is located at the bottom of three major river basins (Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna), the lattice of rivers and creeks provides a respite for floods to its millions of inhabitants along these basins. These rivers and creeks not only carry a large volume of silt but also allow drainages of huge amount of water coming through the GBM basins. The 32 rivers, creeks, estuaries, and the flood plains of Bangladesh, therefore, protects livelihood of millions of people living in these basins from floods. Depletion of capacity of these rivers by reclaiming land and by encroachment or by reducing water flow will significantly affect the economic activities in these basins. Valuation of these services should be done using primary surveys. 5. The coastal and marine resources of Bangladesh have potential for tourism and other economic activities and provide habitat services for many marine animals. This has not been valued and requires special attentions in order to capture the contribution of our coastlines. 6. Finally, values of ecosystem services derived from these studies above can be used towards estimating the sustainable GDP or green GDP of Bangladesh. 33 4. Mainstreaming of Biodiversity and NBSAP Mainstreaming of biodiversity is very important towards ensuring intregation of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in both sectoral and cross-sectoral plans such as sustainable development, climate change adaptation and mitigation, trade and international cooperation, and in sector-specific plans such as agriculture, fisheries, forestry, mining, energy, tourism, transport and others will be facilitating a lot in terms of achieving the NBSAP targets. Mainstreaming biodiversity into sectoral and cross sectoral policy plan and development activities is, important for achieving the sustainability of the implementation of NB SAP. Mainstreaming aims to integration biodiversity elements into related legislation, policies, plans, programmes such as national development plans, enhancing awareness efforts, understanding the values of biodiversity and considering these values in policy making and integrate into national accounting system and strengthen biodiversity related education and research. The CBD has emphasized the need for mainstreaming biodiversity into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies, most recently in its new Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011-2020). This chapter discusses ways of mainstreaming biodiversity at individual, institutional and systemic levels across sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, policies and development activities in Bangladesh. Existing national policies have been analyzed to identify the legal strength supportive to implement NB SAP as well as the gaps where further legal actions are needed to strengthen activities related to biodiversity conservation. 4.1 Mainstreaming at individual level Mainstreaming biodiversity at individual level is important for implementing NBSAP. People at all walks of life should be self-motivated towards conservation of biodiversity. Awareness among the citizens of the country could be created through education curriculum from elementary school to higher study level. They should also be aware of the values of goods and services provided by the ecosystems. Mainstreaming at individual level could be achieved with the following activities. 4.1.1 Raising awareness among the citizens Raising awareness on the importance of biodiversity targeting various sections of the citizens is the vital task to be accomplished to achieve the goals of individual mainstreaming. People should be aware of the role of biodiversity in the economy, livelihood and overall national development. Awareness program on the occasion of World Environment Day, International Day for Biodiversity, World Wetlands Day, World Wildlife Day, World Migratory Birds Day; World Ocean Day, International Tiger Day, World Water Day, International Day of Forest, National Fish Week, Jhatka Conservation Week, National Pollinator Week, International Vulture Awareness Day, National Agriculture Day, National Tree Fair, National Agriculture Fair etc. should be designed in such a way that a large population could get the message on the importance of biodiversity. A list of such occasions with specific date and the declaring agency has been shown in Table 7. 35 Table 7 Some Important Biodiversity Related Days for enhancing awareness • .— , ‘ ,*• •.• -• r ‘ L.’. • •. Observed World Environment Day & National Tree Plantation Campaign 2015 Name of Day Declared by Date ‘ World Wetlands Day Ramsar Secretariat 2 February International Day of Forests United Nations 21 March World Water Day United Nations 22 March Earth Day Earth day Initiative, New York 22 April International Biodiversity Day United Nations, CBD Secretariat 22 May World Environment Day UNEP - 5 June World Ocean Day United Nations 8 June International Tiger Day The Global Tiger Recovery Program 29 July (GTRP) World Elephant Day Canadian filmmaker Patricia Sims along 12 August with Elephant Reintroduction Foundation founded this day. International Vulture Birds of Prey Programme in South Africa The first Saturday in Awareness Day and the Hawk Conservancy trust in September each year England International Ozone Day United Nations 16 September World Rivers Day Mark Angelo, founder of World Rivers The last Sunday in day September Wildlife Conservation Day US Department of State 4 December 36 4.1.2 Ensure participation of women in biodiversity conservation Traditionally, rural women in Bangladesh are involved in crop cultivation, harvesting, seed preservation, kitchen gardening, plantation, cattle and poultry rearing, aquatulture etc. those are related to conservation of biodiversity (Table 8). The traditional knowledge of preserving local species of agro-biodiversity is being maintained by the women generation-after-generation. Bangladesh has recognized the role of women in national development. Participation of women have been ensured in formulation of NBSAP. Implementation of activities under NBSAP will be taking care of engagement of women towards ensuring the inclusive development with equitable benefit to the women. Sixth Five Year Plan (2011-2015) and Seventh Five Year Plan (2016-2021) have considered women participation and empowerment that will guide the implementing agencies to take development project with the component of women development under NESAP activities. Women could be play a substantial role in ensuring conservation and sustainable use of Biodiversity. The women in the rural areas should be offered with adequate training, education-awareness as well as means of alternate livelihood activities so that they become the safeguard of Biodiversity. Village Conservation Group or Community Conservation Groups to be formed under various rules regulations should be ensured women participation Table 8 Women’s Traditional activities related to biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh Fields of work Activities Crop cultivation Cultivation, harvesting, seed preservation etc Plantation Roadside plantation, agro forestry, kitchen gardening etc Sericulture Rearing of cocoon and silk processing Livestock and Poultry Rearing, processing, production of fodder Herbal medicine Collection, treatment, processing etc Aquaculture Fish meal production, fishing, cage culture etc. Fishing & Fry collection Fishing, Fry collection, Fish and Fry selling BOX -6 Community Based Biodiversity Conservation in ECAs (CBA-ECAs): The Department of Environment, Government of Bangladesh implemented a project titled ‘the Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project’ (CWBMP) funded by UNDP-GEF to develop a participatory management system for the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity of four ECAs namely Cox’s Ba.zar-Teknaf peninsula, St. Martin Island, Sonadia island and Hakaluki Haor during 2004-2011. The project adopted a community based approach to conserve threatened resources of biodiversity involving local community, local government, and local administrations and other stakeholders. To continue the conservation initiatives taken under CWBMP and to introduce community-based adaptation mitigation to climate change in conservation actions, DoE ‘Community Based Adaptation of ECAs through Biodiversity Conservation and Social Protection (CBA-ECA)’ project supported by (BCCTF) and the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands through UNDP. The project has been implemented by during 2011 to 2015. The project put special emphasis on diversification of livelihood options of the local communities, making them resilient to climate change and restoring the ecosystems they rely on. Some of the important climate change related activities of CBA-ECA project are: assessing community risks and vulnerability to climate change; enhancing communities’ capacity for climate change adaptation and biodiversity conservation; introducing climate change adaptation and mitigation measures through agriculture and horticulture practice; conservation of mangrove and swamp; protection of human 37 settlements through plantation; and conducting research on climate change impacts and adaptations. Biodiversity conservation activities include wildlife conservation, establishment of fish sanctuary, and enforcement of relevant laws for protection of biodiversity and habitats. This project provided the local people with micro capital grants and training in order to create alternative income sources to reduce the vulnerability to climate change and reduce their dependency on natural resources. It was observed that due to plantation in the Hoar area vegetation cover increased. Mangrove and swamp forests constituting bain, hijol, koroch, reed etc species also has been created in the project area. Some pictorials below describe the accomplishments of CBA-ECA. 4.2 Mainstrearning at institutional level Sustainability of the biodiversity conservation programs will depend on how much it has been institutionalized at both government and non-government sectors. Following are the some points where there are scopes for mainstreaming biodiversity at institution level. 4.2.1 Mainstreaming of Government Organizations The Ministry of Environment and Forests, the national focal point of CBD, is the coordinating ministry of protection of environment and biodiversity in the country. But the conservation and Newly planted mangrove at Irrigation pump run by the solar power Nuniachora, Cox’s Bazar Fish sanctuary at hakaluki hoar Alternative livelihood generating activities 38 sustainable use of biodiversity are the tasks dependent on other ministries which have got direct or indirect bearing with this particular issue of development paradigm includmg the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Ministry of Land, Ministry of LGRD, Ministry of Roads Transport and Bridge, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources to be named a few. These ministries have significant role in terms of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. Mainstreaming will only be meaningful once if these ministries consider the biodiversity and its importance in their development initiatives policies and programs. Towards ensuring appropriate mainstreaming the development ministries could establish, biodiversity cell has to be established with representation of the relevant officials in those ministries and agencies there under. Biodiversity cell in the ministries and agencies could ensure that projects, program and policies are in the line with the NBSAP, as well as biodiversity rules and regulations. Local government institutions like District Council (Zilla Parishad), Sub-district Council (Upazilla Parishad), Municipalities (Pourashova) and Union Council can play vital role in conservation of biodiversity by planning and implementing development activities like construction of roads, bridges, culverts, polders etc and also in creating awareness. Thus, the stakeholders at all these local level institutions can take part in conservation and safeguarding biodiversity and in monitoring and reporting conservation activities. 4.2.2 Engage Community based organization (CBOs), NGOs and Civil Society Organization (CSO) into biodiversity conservation Local communities are recognized as the custodians of biodiversity conservation. Community leaders can play important role to convince local people towards conservation of biodiversity. NGOs and CBOs are implementing activities at the community level with participatory approach. They can play significant role through, awareness development activities mobilization of financial resources. The activities of CBOs, NGOs and community leaders also include, strengthening the capacity to implement programs; promoting networking opportunities among the organizations, community leaders and the mass people; assisting in promoting and documenting traditional knowledge, innovations and practices in biodiversity conservation, assisting the organizations and communities to formulate and implement projects on updated NBSAP and contributing human and financial resources to support biodiversity conservation programs. The Civil Society Organization (CSOs) may buy-in the willingness of the policy level to take up the biodiversity issue in the process of decision making. 4.2.3 Engage Private Sectors in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use Private sectors can contribute in biodiversity conservation by investing in biodiversity-related opportunities. The business associations like FBCCI, DCCI, CCCI, BGMEA and BKMEA could ensure that cleaner production is practiced and environmental management system is implemented in the industries. Water intensive and liquid water generating industries should implement Zero Discharge Policy of the Department of Environment. EIA conducted for obtaining environmental clearance in favor of the industries should rigorously assess the impact of the respective industry on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Individual industry and business bodies as a whole should take up project activities or programs on biodiversity conservation as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). 4.3 Mainstreamitg at systemic level Various policies, legislations and strategies have already included biodiversity and natural resources management issues. Conservation of environment and biodiversity has been inserted in the National 39 Constitution as basic principle of state governance. The policies and rules- regulation of various development ministries should include or insert the elements of biodiversity. 4.3.1 Insertion ofBiodiversity into the Constitution ofBangladesh Biodiversity and Environment was not explicit in the Bangladesh Constitution, originally adopted in 1972 .Government of Bangladesh in the year 2011 took the initiative to amend the constitution inserting the text in Article I 8A (Protection and improvement of environment and biodiversity) of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh that describes environment and biodiversity conservation and development as one of the principle of state government. The article states: “The state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and preserve and safeguard the natural resources, biodiversity, wetlands, forests and wild life for the present and future citizens”. As per constitutional obligation biodiversity conservation is the responsibility of every citizen of the country to uphold the constitution. All the government machineries should keep in mind the issue of conservation of environment and biodiversity in taking up any development undertakings. 4.3.2 Integration ofbiodiversity into sectoral and cross-sectoralpolicies Biodiversity Conservation and sustainable use issues should be reverberated in all concerned policies of various development ministry of the government. It has been that the policies, rules-regulations implemented by offered ministries have still had to do a lot in terms of inserting text relevant to conservation of biodiversity. An assessment on the state of integration of biodiversity into the various sectoral and cross-sectoral policies is given in Table 9. The table highlights the positive elements as well as gaps towards further work on mainstreaming biodiversity. 40 T ab le : 9 A n al y si s o f se ct o ra l an d cr os s se ct o ra l P o li ci es T o w ar d s In te g ra ti o n o f B io d iv er si ty S 1 .N o N am e o f N am e o f P o li cy B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y M in is tr y o f E n v ir o n m en t P o li cy 19 92 S ec ti o n 3 o f th is p o li cy h as a cl ea r m en ti o n o f T h e re v is ed / u p d at ed re v is io n o f E n v ir o n m en t b io d iv er si ty an d it s co n se rv at io n as a cr os s B an g la d es h E n v ir o n m en t P o li cy ha s an d F o re st s cu tt in g is su e. S ec ti o n 4 o f th is p o li cy ha s ex p li ci t m en ti o n co n se rv at io n o f n at u ra l su g g es te d to fo ll o w th e IC T P s an d th er eb y re so u rc es . B y n o w (F eb ru ar y 2 0 1 6 ) th e in co rp o ra te d th e C B D . u p d at in g ha s b ee n d o n e an d it is aw ai ti n g ap p ro v al o f th e g o v er n m en t. 2. D o F o re st P o li cy 19 94 B io d iv er si ty h as n o t b ee n ex p li ci tl y T h e p o li cy sh o u ld b e re v is ed ad d re ss in g m en ti o n ed in th is p o li cy . N o n e o f th e 29 co n se rv at io n an d su st ai n ab le u se o f st at em en ts o f th is p o li cy h as in co rp o ra te d fo re st b io d iv er si ty re so u rc es . b io d iv er si ty . 3. M in is tr y o f N at io n al A g ri cu lt u ra l B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n , su st ai n ab le u se o f E ff ec ti v e im p le m en ta ti o n o f p o li ci es A g ri cu lt u re P o li cy 20 13 la n d an d w at er re so u rc es , 1P M , in te g ra te d sh o u ld b e en su re d cr o p cu lt iv at io n an d co ll ec ti o n , co n se rv at io n an d u se o f g en et ic re so u rc es ha s b ee n em p h as iz ed is em p h as iz ed . B al an ce d u se o f fe rt il iz er an d p o p u la ri ze o rg an ic fe rt il iz er ha s al so b ee n in cl u d ed in th e p o li cy . 4. D o N at io n al In te g ra te d P es t T h e p o li cy ha s th e em p h as is on m ai n ta in in g T h e 1P M p o li cy sh o u ld be re v is ed an d M an ag em en t P o li cy (9t h ec o lo g ic al b al an ce ; co n se rv at io n o f n at u ra l u p d at ed k ee p in g in m in d th e in te n si v e d ra ft ) 20 02 re so u rc es su ch as th e so il , fl o ra an d fa u n a an d ag ri cu lt u re w it h H Y V s, in tr o d u ct io n o f en su re st ab il it y o f ag ri cu lt u ra l p ro d u ct io n G M s cr o p s an d n ew k n o w le d g e on p es t m an ag em en t w it h th e co u rs e o f cl im at e ch an g e an d o th er is su es o f m an ag em en t tr ac e. 5. D o N at io n al S ee d P o li cy 2. 6 T o si m p li fy p ro ce d u re s fo r ef fe ct iv e T o en su re lo ca l se ed se cu ri ty th ro u g h 19 93 o b se rv an ce o f p la n t q u ar an ti n e co n se rv at io n an d su st ai n ab le us e o f S ec ti o n 8: Im p o rt o f S ee ds : ag ro b io d iv er si ty . T ri al b ef o re th e 8. 1 E x ce p t fo r ap p ro p ri at e p la n t q u ar an ti n e in tr o d u ct io n o f al ie n se ed . SI . N o N am e o f N am e o f P ol ic y B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y sa fe g u ar d s, re st ri ct io n s on im p o rt at io n o f se ed s ar e to be el im in at ed . 8. 1 P la n t q u ar an ti n e p ro ce d u re s w il l be m ad e ap p li ca b le to cr o p /p la n t sp ec ie s an d n o t to sp ec if ic v ar ie ti es 6. M in is tr y o f N at io n al F is h er ie s P o li cy T h e 5t h o b je ct iv e h as m en ti o n ed ab o u t th e T h o u g h th is p o li cy ha s so m e so rt o f F is h er ie s an d 19 98 m ai n te n an ce o f ec o lo g ic al b al an ce an d g en er al co v er ag e o f b io d iv er si ty , it ha s L iv es to ck co n se rv at io n o f b io d iv er si ty . N at io n al no m en ti o n fo r re so lv in g th e co m m o n F is h er ie s S tr at eg y 20 06 ha s b ee n fo rm u la te d , co n fl ic ts b et w ee n th e co n se rv at io n o f d u ri n g p o li cy re v is io n th is m ay b e co n si d er ed w et la n d ec o sy st em s ag ai n st th e as w el l. ex p an si o n o f fi sh fa rm s in th o se ec o sy st em s. C le ar p o li cy st at em en ts on th is is su e ar e es se n ti al . 7. D o N at io n al S h ri m p P o li cy U n d er it em 2d o f th e p o li cy it ha s st at ed to T h is p o li cy is n o t st ro n g en o u g h to h el p 2 0 1 4 co n se rv e b io d iv er si ty in sh ri m p cu lt iv at io n “B io d iv er si ty C o n se rv at io n ” u n d er th e ar ea . S ta te m en t 5. 3. 5 o f th e p o li cy h as p o w er fu l ag g re ss io n o f sh ri m p fa rm in g . ex p li ci tl y st at ed to p ro h ib it d ef o re st at io n o f F u rt h er , ac t or ru le sh o u ld b e fo rm u la te d m an g ro v es fo r sh ri m p fa rm in g , w h ic h m ay to en su re b io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n . in d ir ec tl y h el p co n se rv e b io d iv er si ty 8. D o N at io n al L iv es to ck C o n se rv at io n an d u ti li za ti o n p ro g ra m o f It is n ec es sa ry to in cl u d e co n se rv at io n o f D ev el o p m en t P o li cy 20 07 p o te n ti al in d ig en o u s b re ed s fo r su b si st en ce lo ca l li v es to ck v ar ie ti es . fa rm in g w o u ld b e d ev el o p ed . 9. M in is tr y o f N at io n al W at er P o li cy S ec ti o n 4. 9 st at es th at F is h er ie s an d w il d li fe It sh o u ld h av e a cl ea r st at em en t ab o u t W at er 19 99 w il l re ce iv e du e em p h as is in w at er re so u rc es th e al lo ca ti o n o f w at er fo r b io d iv er si ty R es o u rc es p la n n in g w h er e so ci al im p ac t is h ig h an d co n se rv at io n . It sh o u ld h av e m en ti o n w at er d ev el o p m en t p la n w il l n o t in te rr u p t fo r ab o u t th e e fl o w as p ec ts . E n su re fi sh m ig ra ti o n an d b re ed in g . It al so p er en n ia l li nk s o f w at er b o d ie s li ke m en ti o n ed th at m ai n ta in p er en n ia l li n k s o f b ao rs , h ao rs , b ee ls , ro ad si d e b o rr o w p it s, w at er b o d ie s li ke b ao rs , h ao rs , b ee ls , ro ad si d e et c. w it h th e ri v er s. S I. N o N am e o f N am e o f P o li cy B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y b o rr o w p it s, et c w it h th e ri v er s. It ha s in d ic at io n on m in im u m st re am fl o w an d m en ti o n o f p re se rv at io n o f th e en v ir o n m en t. 10 . D o C o as ta l Z o n e P o li cy 20 05 It h as in co rp o ra te d th e b io d iv er si ty as p ec ts A se t o f st at em en ts n ee d to be b u t u n d er a co m p le x u m b re ll a o f m an y d ev el o p ed , w h ic h w il l be in co rp o ra te d in se ct o rs . It is a fa ct th at th e co as ta l ar ea s h av e al l th e se ct o ra l p o li ci es . T h is m ay b e V to o m an y el em en ts to lo o k in to , an d a la rg e ca ll ed “O b li g at o ry P o li cy N ee d fo r th e n u m b er o f n at io n al se ct o ra l p o li ci es ar e in C o as t Z on e” . A p o w er fu l ‘c oa st zo n e fo rc e in th is zo ne . T h e id en ti fi ca ti o n o f 19 co m m it te e’ m ay b e co n st it u te d by th e d is tr ic ts as ‘c oa st zo ne ’ is an ap p re ci ab le g o v er n m en t w it h th e p ri n ci p le se cr et ar y o u tc o m e o f th is d o cu m en t, as th e ch ai r, w it h re le v an t se cr et ar ie s as m em b er s. It w il l b e th e re sp o n si b il it y o f th is co m m it te e to en su re th at al l th e d es ir ed re q u ir em en ts (g iv en in th e “O b li g at o ry P o li cy N ee d fo r th e C o as t Z o n e” ) ar e p ro p er ly in co rp o ra te d in th e re le v an t se ct o ra l p o li ci es 11 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al S h ip p in g P o li cy , T h is p o li cy in cl u d ed el em en ts on S h ip p in g ro u te s sh o u ld b e cl ea rl y S h ip p in g 2 0 0 0 en v ir o n m en ta l p o ll u ti o n co n tr o l an d id en ti fi ed so th at ‘b io d iv er si ty h o ts p o ts ’, en v ir o n m en ta l m an ag em en t b u t no ex p li ci t ‘b re ed in g or sp aw n in g g ro u n d ’ o f te x t on co n se rv at io n o f b io d iv er si ty an d aq u at ic an im al s co u ld be av o id ed an d ec o sy st em s. p re se rv ed . T h e v es se ls sh o u ld m ai n ta in th e le ve l o f ai r p o ll u ti o n an d n o is e p o ll u ti o n u n d er co n tr o l. W as te s li ke b il g e an d b al la st w at er , h u m an fa ec al w as te sh o u ld no t be d is ch ar g ed to th e w at er w ay s w it h o u t tr ea tm en t. 12 . M in is tr y o f Jo lm o h al (w at er b o d y ) T h is p o li cy h as m o st ly d ea lt w it h th e le as in g T h is p o li cy ha s no m en ti o n o f L an d M an ag em en t P o li cy 2 0 0 9 au th o ri ti es o f g o v er n m en t an d co n tr o l on b io d iv er si ty or b io d iv er si ty S I. N o N am e o f N am e o f P ol ic y B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y am en d ed in 20 12 . w at er b o d ie s d ep en d in g on it s si ze . It h as a co n se rv at io n . S in ce th e w at er b o d ie s ar e m en ti o n o f d ec la re so m e o f th e g o v er n m en t im p o rt an t si te s fo r ra re b io d iv er si ty , a o w n ed w at er b o d ie s as fi sh “r es er v e” . S ec ti o n fr es h p o li cy o u tl o o k n ee d s to be 35 o f th is p o li cy h as g iv en an ab so lu te co n si d er ed fo r th e w at er b o d ie s o f au th o ri ty to L an d M in is tr y to d ec id e on th es e B an g la d es h , su p er se d in g al l th e is su es , p re v ai li n g d ec la ra ti o n s. T h is ne w p o li cy n ee d to in co rp o ra te th e co n se rv at io n an d su st ai n ab le u se o f aq u at ic b io d iv er si ty o f th e co u n tr y . 13 . D o L an d U se P o li cy , 20 01 It h as m en ti o n ed ab o u t th e co n se rv at io n o f T h er e is no in d ic at io n in th e p o li cy ab o u t fo re st la nd , It ha s su g g es te d fo r la n d zo n in g th e ec o sy st em b as ed ap p ro ac h o f an d p ro m u lg at io n o f a ‘z o n in g la w ’. It st at ed la n d u se . T o co n se rv e b io d iv er si ty in a th at p ro p er im p le m en ta ti o n o f en v ir o n m en t h o li st ic m an n er , ec o sy st em ap p ro ac h p o li cy 19 92 an d fo re st p o li cy 19 94 w il l b ri n g sh o u ld b e in co rp o ra te d in th e la n d us e in o v er al l im p ro v em en t o f th e si tu at io n . It h as p o li cy g u id el in es . h o w ev er ex p re ss ed co n ce rn o v er th e d ec li n e o f w et la n d in th e co u n tr y . It h as su g g es te d fo r af fo re st at io n , as w el l as se tt le m en ts , on n ew ly ac cr et ed la nd s. It ha s su g g es te d d ev el o p in g a ‘l an d d at a ba nk ’ as w el l. 14 . D o K h as L an d S et tl em en t T h er e ar e tw o se ts o f p o li ci es (u se d as ru le s) B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n is su es sh o u ld P o li cy 19 95 an d 19 97 n am el y ‘A g ri cu lt u re K h as la n d m an ag em en t b e ad d re ss ed . P la n ta ti o n an d b io d iv er si ty an d se tt le m en t p o li cy , 19 97 ’ an d ‘N on co n se rv at io n sh o u ld b e co n si d er ed as A g ri cu lt u re K h as la n d m an ag em en t an d co n d it io n s w h il e le as in g th es e K h as se tt le m en t p o li cy 19 95 ’. N o n e o f th es e ha s L an d s. an y co n si d er at io n o f b io d iv er si ty . 15 . D o K h as L an d S et tl em en t It h as no m en ti o n o f b io d iv er si ty . K h as la n d s th o se ar e ‘b io d iv er si ty P o li cy fo r H o te l M o te l h o ts p o ts ’ an d ‘b re ed in g or ro o st in g 19 98 g ro u n d s’ o f ra re b ir d s or o th er im p o rt an t S i. N o N am e o f N am e o f P o li cy B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y an im al s sh o u ld n o t b e le as ed ou t. P la n ta ti o n o f in d ig en o u s sp ec ie s in th e o p en sp ac e sh o u ld b e a co n d it io n w h il e le as in g fo r su ch p u rp o se s to en h an ce b io d iv er si ty . 16 . D o S al t M o h al M an ag em en t It h as no m en ti o n o f b io d iv er si ty E x p an si o n o f S al t M o h al ar ea sh o u ld be P o li cy 19 99 re st ri ct ed . P o li cy sh o u ld p ro m o te al te rn at iv e m o d er n sa lt p ro d u ct io n te ch n o lo g y . 17 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al In d u st ri al P o li cy T h e p o li cy ad d re ss ed E T A an d aw ar en es s C o n se rv at io n o f b io d iv er si ty an d In d u st ri es 20 15 b ef o re se tt in g up in d u st ri es or in d u st ri al ec o sy st em se rv ic es sh o u ld be p ro je ct s. T h e p o li cy em p h as iz ed to se t u p in co rp o ra te d in th e p o li cy en v ir o n m en t fr ie n d ly in d u st ri es an d en co u ra g e to fo ll o w 3 R st ra te g y ; R ed u ct io n , R eu se , R ec y cl in g an d se tt in g up E T P an d C E T P in th e o p er at io n s in d u st ri es or in d u st ri al es ta te s. T h e p o li cy d id n o t h av e an y d ir ec t m en ti o n o f co n se rv at io n o f b io d iv er si ty an d ec o sy st em se rv ic es . 18 . M in is tr y o f C o m p re h en si v e T h e se ct io n 2 .6 .4 m en ti o n s T ra d e, B io d iv er si ty p ro te ct io n an d co n se rv at io n C o m m er ce T ra d e P o li cy E n v ir o n m en ta l P ro te ct io n an d C li m at e sh o u ld be en su re d in an y tr ad e re la te d o f B an g la d es h C h an g e w h er e b io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n is ac ti v it ie s. n o t m en ti o n ed . 19 . D o E x p o rt P o li cy O rd er S ec ti o n 8. 6 st at ed th at n o b o d y co u ld ex p o rt It is n ec es sa ry to in cl u d e in th e p o li cy 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 8 w il d li fe or p ro d u ct fr o m w il d li fe , tr o p h y or th at en d an g er ed sp ec ie s or o th er in co m p le te tr o p h y or p la n t or p ar t o f p la n t or b io d iv er si ty re la te d p ro d u ct s su ch as fi n p ro d u ct d er iv ed fr o m p la n ts m en ti o n ed in o f sh ar k s sh o u ld be b an n ed . sc h ed u le 4) ; an y ro u te s o th er th an em ig ra ti o n p o rt w h er e ta x at io n is do ne , is al lo w ed to S i. N o N am e o f N am e o f P ol ic y B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y ex p o rt w it h o u t C IT E S ce rt if ic at e an d li ce n se u n d er th e se ct io n 29 o f w il d li fe (c o n se rv at io n an d se cu ri ty ) ac ts 20 12 . S ec ti o n 8. 16 b an n ed al l ty p es o f fr o g s/ to ad s (a li v e or de ad ) an d fr o g /t o ad s le gs to ex p o rt . 20 . D o Im p o rt P o li cy O rd er Im p o rt P o li cy re st ri ct ed im p o rt o f p la n ts w it h Im p o rt P o li cy o rd er sh o u ld ad d re ss th e 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 8 th e ap p li ca ti o n o f P la n t Q u ar an ti n e A ct , is su es o f In v as iv e A li en S p ec ie s in a 20 11 . G M O o r L M O as h u m an fo o d m o re st ri n g en t w ay . P h ar m ac eu ti ca l im p o rt at io n w o u ld b e p o ss ib le w it h th e ch em ic al s li ke d ic lo fe n ac im p o rt at io n ap p li ca ti o n o f b io sa fe ty g u id el in es . F o r sh o u ld be re st ri ct ed to sa ve th e v u lt u re an im al fo o d an d fe ed , it w ri tt en th at p o p u la ti o n . d ec la ra ti o n sh o u ld be th er e th at it do es n o t co n ta in an y G M O . Im p o rt P o li cy O rd er al so re st ri ct s th e p es ti ci d es th o se ar e h ar m fu l to b io d iv er si ty . 21 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al R u ra l In se ct io n 5. 19 o f th e p o li cy , ‘R ur al T h is p o li cy sh o u ld ad d re ss th e in cl u si o n L G R D D ev el o p m en t P o li cy E n v ir o n m en t P ro m o ti o n ’ is h ig h li g h te d w h er e o f co n se rv at io n o f ru ra l an d u rb an 20 01 in it s cl au se n u m b er 2, m en ti o n s ab o u t b io d iv er si ty , ex p li ci tl y . p re se rv in g ec o lo g ic al b al an ce . H o w ev er , th er e is no ex p li ci t m en ti o n o f b io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n th o u g h it is d ir ec tl y li n k ed to an y o b je ct iv e to w ar d s p re se rv in g or co n se rv in g ec o lo g ic al b al an ce . 22 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al E n er g y P o li cy T h e p o li cy em p h as iz es to en su re P ro m o ti o n o f en v ir o n m en t fr ie n d ly P o w er , E n er g y 19 95 en v ir o n m en ta ll y so un d su st ai n ab le en er g y te ch n o lo g y li ke so la r, b io g as et c. an d M in er al d ev el o p m en t p ro g ra m s ca u si n g m in im u m R es o u rc es d am ag e to en v ir o n m en t, n o t al lo w ed an y co m m er ci al m in in g an d q u ar ry in g w it h in th e 3 K m o f fo re st b o u n d ar y , h o w ev er b et w ee n 3 S i. N o N am e o f N am e o f P o li cy B io d iv er si t y E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y an d 10 K m o f fo re st b o u n d ar y m in in g an d q u ar ry in g m ay b e al lo w ed o n ly w h er e E T A sh o w s th at th er e is no n eg at iv e im p ac t on fo re st . C ar ry in g o u t E n v ir o n m en ta l Im p ac t A ss es sm en t (i n cl u d in g a co n si d er at io n o f so ci al im p ac t) sh o u ld be m ad e m an d at o ry an d co n st it u te an in te g ra l p ar t o f an y n ew en er g y d ev el o p m en t p ro je ct . 23 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al E d u ca ti o n B io d iv er si ty is su es ar e m en ti o n ed u n d er th e B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n an d E d u ca ti o n P o li cy 2 0 1 0 ch ap te r o f A g ri cu lt u re , su st ai n ab le us e is su es sh o u ld be in co rp o ra te d in to th e cu rr ic u lu m o f se co n d ar y an d h ig h er se co n d ar y le v el to g ra d u at e co u rs es . 24 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al W o m en In se ct io n 36 o f th e p o li cy , w o m en ’s In cl u si o n o f w o m en ’s ex is ti n g ac ti v e W o m en an d D ev el o p m en t P o li cy 2 0 1 4 co n tr ib u ti o n to n at u ra l re so u rc es ’ ro le in b io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n sh o u ld C h il d A ff ai rs co n se rv at io n is m en ti o n ed al o n g w it h b e in cl u d ed so th at th e re al v al u e o f h o w en su ri n g p ar ti ci p at io n o f w o m en w h er ea s; so ci et al cu lt u re an d tr ad it io n ; es p ec ia ll y se ct io n 36 .3 in cl u d ed en co u ra g in g w o m en in th e ru ra l ar ea s o f th e co u n tr y , he lp th e an d p ro v id in g th em w it h eq u al o p p o rt u n it y in co n se rv at io n o f b io d iv er si ty . A d d it io n al ag ri cu lt u re , fi sh er y, an im al h u sb an d ry an d at te n ti o n co u ld be gi ve n to ca p ac it y af fo re st at io n . b u il d in g m ea su re o f ru ra l w o m en to en g ag e ac ti v el y in b io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n b o th at th e h o u se h o ld an d co m m u n it y b as ed le v el s an d ap p ro ac h es re sp ec ti v el y . 25 . M in is tr y o f N at io n al T o u ri sm P o li cy T h e fo cu s an d o b je ct iv e o f th is p o li cy is to T o en su re ec o to u ri sm in al l P A s an d T o u ri sm an d 2 0 1 0 im p ro v e so ci o e co n o m ic st at u s; co n se rv e E C A s an d at tr ac t p ri v at e en tr ep re n eu rs . C iv il A v ia ti o n en v ir o n m en t an d b io d iv er si ty w it h th e en g ag em en t o f lo ca l p eo p le . T he se ct io n 5. 6 0 0 S i. N o N am e o f N am e o f P ol ic y B io d iv er si ty E le m en ts /G ap s R ec o m m en d at io n M in is tr y e n c o u ra g e s d e v e lo p in g e c o t o u ri s m b y th e re le v an t m in is tr y . 2 6 . M in is tr y o f N o p u b li s h e d p o li c y T h e re s h o u ld b e a p o li c y e m p h a s iz in g N o s p e c if ic p o li c y in p la c e th a t c o n ta in s R o a d T ra n s p o rt fo u n d in th e w e b s it e o f b io d iv e rs it y c o n s e rv a ti o n w h il e c o n s tr u c ti n g e le m e n ts o f b io d iv e rs it y . H o w e v e r, th e an d B ri d g e th e m in is tr y ro a d s , h ig h w a y s a n d b ri d g e s R o a d s an d H ig h w a y s D e p a rt m e n t p re p a re d E T A g u id e li n e fo r R o a d s to c o n s id e r th e e n v ir o n m e n ta l is s u e s . 27 . M in is tr y o f N o p u b li s h e d p o li c y T h e re s h o u ld b e a p o li c y e m p h a s iz in g B io d iv e rs it y c o n s e rv a ti o n is s u e s s h o u ld C H T s A ff a ir s fo u n d in th e w e b s it e o f b io d iv e rs it y c o n s e rv a ti o n w h il e c o n s tr u c ti n g b e e m p h a s iz e d in th e d e v e lo p m e n t p la n th e m in is tr y a c c e s s ib il it y a n d o th e r in fr a s tr u c tu re o f C H T s . d e v e lo p m e n t a c ti v it ie s in C H T BOX-7 Integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, 1PM activities started in 1981 with the introduction of the first phase of FAO’s inter-country program (ICP) on 1PM in rice crop. 1PM has a broad-based approach founded on a sound ecological understanding towards producing and preserving different crops. Now-a-days, 1PM has been considered globally as one of the best methods in this regard. It is hoped that the country’s crop production and preservation system will be much developed through the implementation of National 1PM Policy, which has been formulated with a view to get the full benefit of this unique method. The use of harmful pesticides will be much — reduced if the farmers practice 1PM in their fields, which in turn, will enhance the production level and improve the environment and the public health. Proper implementation of this policy would increase the farm output that will raise the income level of vast majority of the country’s farmers. Thus, extension of 1PM will have positive impacts on the overall economy that will help reduce the country’s poverty 4.3.3 Integration ofBiodiversity into the Related Laws A number of Act and Rules-Regulations have directly or indirectly included Biodiversity issues. Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment (ETA) has been made mandatory for the severe impact producing Red category industries and projects. Box- 8 Biodiversity Conservation and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Conducting EIA is a decision making tool for awarding environmental clearance in favor of installation of industries or taking up development projects. Through the exercise of ETA, adverse impacts of the industries or project are identified and evaluated towards taking up appropriate mitigation measures and thus biodiversity loss can be minimized with adoption of preventive and compensation measures. According to Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (revised in 2010) section 20(2) and Environment Conservation Rules 1997, section 7(6), it is mandatory to conduct ETA and take mitigation measures before setting up of Red categories industries or projects. Ministry of Environment and Forests made a circular on 22 February 2015 informing the stakeholder that EIA and other forms of environmental study is mandatory before taking up and starting operation of the industries or development projects. The circular has been gazetted into the Bangladesh Gazette on 12 March 2015 with the instructions of the category of environmental study reports to be produced. The circular also highlighted the implementation of the measures like Environmental Management Plan, as well as Environmental Auditing to be performed in various phases of the industries or development projects. The circular made special emphasis on EJA and other sort of environmental studies for the investment projects taken by the government and prescribed to look at the efficacy of the ETA in various stages of the project. This kind of notification to enforce Environment Act and ETA will facilitate the mainstreaming of biodiversity a lot. 49 The Department of Environment under the Ministry of Environment and Forests has finalized “Bangladesh Biological Diversity Act” which is under the review to be approved by the National Parliament. The domestic legislations which have got the elements of biodiversity have been illustrated in Table 10. Table 10: Legislations of the Relevant Ministries Impacting on Biodiversity Conservation Name of Name of Acts! Biodiversity Elements Recommendation) Ministry Rules-regulations Insertion Proposed Ministry of Bangladesh The act covers conservation in Rigorous enforcement of Environment and Environment all its meaning from lower to the Act with the Forests Conservation Act higher organisms of enhancement of the 1995 biodiversity through controlling awareness is very vital to . get maximum benefit of pollution and ecosystem the Act. management. Do- The Forest Act, 1927 Though there is no mention of Updation of the Act is (amendment in 2000) biodiversity in a specific manner it required with particular has some implied provisions for reference to the ecosystem the conservation of biodiversity. based approach of forest management. Do- Wildlife The Act has got the required The Act needs to be (Conservation and provisions towards wildlife widely publicized to make Security) Act 2012 biodiversity conservation, people more aware and needs effective enforcement upto the remote areas of the country Do- Brick manufacturing Biodiversity conservation has been Brick manufacturing needs and Kiln installation covered in the preamble of the Act, to be done keeping (Control) Act 2013 The Act has the impetus on appropriate distance from conservation of agri-land and the biodiversity hot-spots promotion of energy-efficient brick and conserved areas, More manufacturing technologies that is mechanization and essentially helping biodiversity industrial level production of brick is required to avoid the pressure on fertile but very scarce land of the country. Do- Draft Bangladesh Approved by the cabinet which is The Act needs to be Biological Diversity awaiting approval by the National enacted and capacity Act Parliament. It covers all aspects building of the of Biodiversity stakeholders would be very important to enforce the Act. Ministry of Protection and The Act bans fish catches of The execution of the law Fisheries and Conservation of Fish specific sizes and durations for is rare partly due to Livestock Act, 1950 various species aiming at more absence of the (amendments in production and conserving the enforcement of the Act in 1963, 1970, 1982, brood fishes the grass-root level and 50 Name of Name of Acts/ Biodiversity Elements Recommendationl Ministry — Rules-regulations Insertion Proposed 1995, 2002) lack of awareness on the Act to the mass people Ministry of Plant Quarantine Act, It has provisions to regulate Stringent quarantine Agriculture 2011 carrying-in plants or plant measures are to be in place products from abroad, and at the port-of-entries with ensure sanitary and phyto- the enforcement of the . Act. sanitary measures. Ministry of Water Bangladesh Water The Act has the emphasis on The Act needs to be Resources Act, 2013 formulation of the National Water operationalized with Policy and National Water regular functioning of Resources Plan and Conserve National Water Resources Water Stress Area for, amongst Council and other others, use of water for balancing committees, formulation ecosystem, use of water for wild /updating and life, use of water for natural river implementation of flow and conservation of potable National Water Policy and water sources like tanks and ponds; National Water Resources conservation of Haor (naturally Plan with committed created saucer shaped large actions to be implemented shallow depression), Baor by the Ministry of Water (stagnant ox-bow shaped lake) and Resources on conservation lakes for seasonal birds to stay or of biodiversity dependent to move safely and to keep their on water resources. sanctuary safe. Ministry of National River The commission under this act is The commission needs to Shipping Protection responsible to oversee the rivers operationalized with all Commission Act, and recommend the government to kinds of logistics and 2013 take appropriate measures towards infrastructural supports so addressing the river pollution, that it could have enough encroachment, maintaining ground to make policy ecological balance of the river decisions and system and sustainable recommendations to the management of river government 4.3.4 Integration ofbiodiversity into national development plans Towards mainstreaming, biodiversity conservation and sustainable use issues have to be taken into consideration in all the development plans, programs and projects. Bangladesh has shown a great deal of progress in terms of inclusion of Biodiversity issues into the development planning. Biodiversity could be traced from the Fourth Five Year Plan (1990 to 1995). The plan in its Objectives on Environmental Matters under page JX-3, para 9.9(d) stipulated that we have to protect the biodiversily of the country by taking effective steps against salinity and desertfication. In the Fifth Five Year Plan (1997 to 2002) under the caption ‘Environment and Sustainable Development (p 181), the document recognized that it is necessary to preserve the variety of We, i.e. biodiversily. The document also went on to state that the preservation of biodiversily is both a matter of insurance and investment, necessary to sustain and improve agriculture, forestry, livestock and fisheries production systems in order to keep future options open as a buffer against harmful environmental changes and as a raw materialfor scientflc and industrial innovations. Moreover we 51 must conserve biodiversity as a matter of survival. The variety of l(fe helps make the earth fit for balanced enjoyment of lfe. It plays an important role in all major lfe support services, from maintaining the chemical balance of the earth and stabilising climate to protecting the watershed and renewing soil. Maintaining a nation ‘s biodiversily is integral to maintaining its wealth. The Plan, therefore, attaches due weight to the development of our biological resources. The importance of species and ecosystems will be considered in the formulation of development policies and programmes. Institutions assigned responsibility for conserving biodiversity will be supported by necessary financial and organisational resources. The species and ecosystems on which our survival depends will be clearly identfled and appropriate technology applied to make our survival worthy of human beings. Biodiversity was considered in the PRSP (2003-2008) with the emphasis on conservation through: • Improve floral andfaunal biodiversity • Halt destruction ofhabitat and overexploitation offlora andfauna, and encroachment of the naturalforests • Document the state offloral andfaunal biodiversity of the country by ecosystems • Implementpolicies to protect biodiversity by involving local community • Formulation and implementation ofbiodiversily policy; • Implement NBSAP • Develop Guidelines for ECAs and PAs • Surveyfloral andfaunal biodiversity in new PAs • Introduce andpromote local and indigenous varieties offish stock NSAPR-2 (2009-2011) took biodiversity as an issue of sustainable environmental development. The NSAPR-2 highlighted critical issues relating to the natural environment including: a Agricultural land degradation and salinity • Maintenance of the biodiversity that is under threat, in particular the overexploitation of forests and wetlands resources a Management ofpublic commons, protecting themfrom overexploitation and ensuring access to commons resourcesfor the poor a Promoting renewable rural energy sources and afforestation to meet the energy needs of the rural population in a sustainable way a The impact ofurbanization particularly with respect to land development and waste management; and a Combating pollution particularly air pollution, waterpollution and rural water and arsenic pollution PRSP stated that Government is committed to addressing environmental issues in its sector policies and programs. Environmental impact was considered important in the design and implementation of investment projects, with a requirement that environmental impact assessments are undertaken for larger investment projects. Priority would be given to the funding ofpolicy initiatives and investments that address key environmental concerns. Initiatives to promote participatory approaches to the management of the natural environment and create greater awareness of environmental approaches would be promoted. 52 The Sixth Five Year Plan (20 11-2015) also gave emphasis on biodiversity conservation in Chapter 8: Environment, Climate Change and Disaster Management. It noted that for sustained development it is necessary to: • Undertake watershed management and soil conservation activities • Increase PA and ECA coverage Undertake watershed management activities • Implement community based Jolmohal (water body offisheries importance) management • Enhance Afforestation program • Undertake land zoning • Promote Private and homesteadplantation • Promote ecotourism • Promote Clean development mechanism and REDD Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use issues have vehemently come up with more focus on implementation of updated NBSAP in the Seventh Five Year Plan (2016-2021). It has been mentioned in the seventh plan as an issue under forestry and biodiversity (issue no. 14, p492) with the heading Mainstreaming National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). The Seventh Five Year Plan stated the biodiversity tasks to be implemented as follows: • Initiative will be undertaken to update NBSAP in line with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and implement the NBSAP as global commitments as a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Bio safety to CBD Biodiversity considerations will be integrated into relatedplans, programs and policies toward mainstream ing • Bangladesh Biological Diversity Act will be enacted, as well as necessary rules will befranied • Valuation ofgoods and services provided by ecosystem and biodiversity will be accomplished towards integration ofthe values into the national accounting system • Awareness and education on biodiversity will be enhanced through taking up development initiatives • Polluting the ecosystemsfrom all sources will, wherever possible, be stopped or minimized • Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge on Biodiversity will be documented 4.3.5 Integration ofvalue ecosystem goods and services into national accounting systems The valuation of ecosystems is of important priority under the updated NBSAP and Seventh Five Year Plan (20 15-2020). Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services is very important for enhanced understanding about the importance of biodiversity among the policy makers, development planners, as well as the common people which will in turn help ensuring conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Economic valuation of the goods and services of the ecosystems should be reflected in the annual budget and allocation to Annual Development Plan. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) should enhance its capacity to assess the green GDP. 4.3.6 Integration ofNBSAP with the Action Plans ofother Rio Conventions Bangladesh is party to all of the Rio Conventions: the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The updated NBSAP developed to implement UNCBD has tremendous 53 relationship with action plans developed under the two other conventions: UNFCC and UNCCD. Table 11 shows the synergies of NBSAP with the action plans of two other conventions. Table 11: Synergies of Biodiversity with other Rio Conventions SI Name of the Name of Action Issues for Integration No Convention Plan/Program UNCBD National Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use will Biodiversity enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation, as Strategy and well as it will help addressing desertification and land Action Plan degradation. The updated NBSAP has taken the issues (NB SAP) of ecosystem based adaptation and activities to address land degradation 2 UNFCCC National Adaptation projects identified in NAPA to address Adaptation vulnerabilities of climate change under UNFCCC must Program of seek for ecosystem-based approach and concerns of Action (NAPA) biodiversity conservation and sustainable use issues. NAPA included, amongst others, short and medium term titles of the projects related to biodiversity addressing the vulnerabilities to climate change. The NAPA projects should be designed and implemented in such a way so that mal-adaptation could be avoided. 3 UNCCD National Action NAP developed to address desertification and land Programme degradation under UNCCD has also activities like (NAP) for identification of indigenous plants for the rehabilitation combating of degraded land and determine propagation methods of desertification those plants, emphasis on restoration of wetlands, scientific and indigenous techniques to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought. 4.3.7: Implementation ofNBSAP towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals: The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the period of 2016-2030 adopted by all member states of the United Nations in September 2015 set ambitious objectives across the three dimensions of sustainable development- economic development, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability, underpinned by good governance. The importance of biodiversity for the 2030 Agenda is directly recognized in SDG 14 (conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development) and SDG 15 (protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss). A similar interdependence exists between biodiversity and SDG 13 (take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts). Healthy ecosystems are the most important carbon sinics and biodiversity is essential for resilient livelihoods and maintaining ecosystem services under impacts of climate change. Implementation of National Biodiversity targets under the NBSAP can provide useful insight and support towards achieving more than half of all SDGs. The biodiversity-focused SDGs can make direct use of the data submitted under the CBD, making the case for aligned reporting frameworks to capitalize on CBD experience and avoid duplication of work. Other SDGs can benefit from significant synergies and co-benefits. 54 Understanding the relationships of NBSAP targets and Biodiversity related SDGs could be useful for mainstreaming biodiversity across the sectors and the relevant stakeholders. With the implementation of NBSAP targets, these will make tremendous impacts to achieve corresponding SDG targets. Table: 12 Linkage between Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets and NBSAP targets SDG Target related to NBSAP Targets 1 Expected Achievement Biodiversity towards SDG implementation 14.5 By 2020, conserve at 11. By 2021, Bangladesh’s 5% If NBSAP target is least 10 per cent of coastal and area under terrestrial ecosystem implemented, it is expected that marine areas, consistent with (forests), 3% area under inland corresponding SDG target 14.5 national and international law wetlands and coastal will be achieved within 2020 and based on the best available ecosystems and 5% of total scientific marine area will come under Information PAs or ECAs with development and implementation of management plan for these areas 15.1 By 2020, ensure the 14. By 2021, develop and If NBSAP target is conservation, restoration and implement restoration plan for implemented, degraded sustainable use of terrestrial degraded wetlands and rivers ecosystem will be restored and inland freshwater taking into account the needs of afterwards within the stipulated ecosystems and their services, vulnerable people and local period of SDG by 2030 and in particular forests, wetlands, communities corresponding SDG target will mountains and dry lands, in be achieved, significantly by line with obligations under that time. international agreements 15.2 By 2020, promote the 7. By 2021, development of If the NBSAP target is implementation of sustainable Integrated Management Plan implemented, integrated management of all types will be completed for areas management plan will be in of forests, halt deforestation, under agriculture, aquaculture place towards achieving the restore degraded forests and and forestry towards ensuring corresponding SDG target substantially increase conservation and sustainable afforestation and reforestation use of biodiversity globally 15.5 Take urgent and 5. By 2021, studies on the rate Once the NBSAP target is significant action to reduce the of habitat loss will be implemented, baseline of degradation of natural furnished towards promoting natural habitat loss will be habitats, halt the loss of implementation of land use identified which will be biodiversity and, by 2020, policy and enforcement of supportive towards protect and prevent the relevant legislations on development of management extinction of threatened conservation of natural habitats plan that will lead to achieve species corresponding SDG target 55 SDG Target related to NBSAP Targets Expected Achievement Biodiversity towards SDG implementation 15.6 Promote fair and 16. By 2016, Bangladesh Towards fulfilling NBSAP equitable sharing of the Biological Diversity Act target, Bangladesh is in the fmal benefits arising from the addressing the issues of ABS stage to enact Biological utilization will be finalized and the Diversity Act covering ABS of genetic resources and instrument of ratification for issues that will lead a great deal promote appropriate access to the Nagoya Protocol on ABS of progress towards achieving such resources, as will be submitted to the the corresponding SDG target internationally agreed secretariat of CBD 15.8 By 2020, introduce 9. By 2021, study on the If NBSAP target is measures to prevent the impact of lAS will be implemented effective introduction and significantly furnished, regulations towards regulatory system will be reduce the impact of invasive control of lAS will be developed to control the lAS alien species on land and water developed and capacities at the towards implementation of ecosystems and port-of-entries will be enhanced corresponding SDG target. control or eradicate the priority to regulate LAS species 15.9 By 2020, integrate 2. By 2021, Assessment of Biodiversity and ecosystem ecosystem and biodiversity valuation of goods and services services provide “life support values into national and local of maj or ecosystems will be system” for human being, yet it planning, development furnished towards integration is not accounted in the processes, poverty reduction into national accounting system development plan, as well as strategies and accounts National accounting system. If NB SAP target is implemented value of biodiversity will be included into National Plan as well as accounting system towards achieving corresponding SDG target. 15.a Mobilize and significantly 20. By 2017, financial If NBSAP target is increase financial resources resources will be mobilized implemented, financial flow from all sources to conserve towards accelerated from internal and external and sustainably use implementation of targets and sources will be increased biodiversity and ecosystems activities of updated NBSAP which will ensure conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use and thus it will lead to achieve corresponding of SDG target 56 4.3.8 Integration ofBiodiversity into Educational System Education system in the country could contribute a lot in terms of integrating courses of biodiversity issues, especially on importance of conservation, sustainable use, research and development addressing loss of genetic resources, threatened wildlife, opportunities of bio-prospecting and on the fate of biodiversity in the face of climate change and other man-made interventions. Academic institutions have to play vital role on building an environment and biodiversity sensitive generation who will lead the country in future. Table 13: Integrating biodiversity into educational system Types of Activities Education Formal Education • Include valuation of goods and services of biodiversity and ecosystem into the course of secondary to higher level students . Co-curricular activities including study tours/excursions, etc. on biodiversity Training programs for teachers at Teachers Training Institutes (TTIs) on environment and biodiversity . Provision of research on biodiversity for the graduate and post graduate students Non-Formal • Education materials like video documentary to be documented and shown to Education audiences or visitors in the Zoos, Botanical Gardens, Museums and other places of tourist attraction . Biodiversity focused documentary to be broadcast in the electronic and print media . Mass notification to be published in print media I Exhibition on economic value of Biodiversity • Display boards showing do’s and don’ts on biodiversity ‘ Promotion of ecotourism Endangered saltwater crocodile (Crocodyluspotvsus). Let’s conserve them! 57 BOX -9 Bangladesh’s Attainment on Environment and Biodiversity Conservation Bangladesh has achieved several prestigious awards over the years on conservation of environment and biodiversity for showcasing various conservation models or adaptation initiatives those have drawn attention of global community. Here are some of the notable attainments: Champion of the Earth Award 2015: In recognition of Her Excellency, Hon’ble Prime Minister of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina’s accomplishments, she has won the Champion of the Earth Award of UNEP in 2015. She has become one of the winners of the United Nation’s highest environmental accolade, in recognition of Bangladesh’s far-reaching initiatives to address climate change. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has demonstrated leadership and vision in both making climate change an issue of national priority and advocating for an ambitious global response. As an early adopter and advocate of climate change adaptation policy, she continues to be an example to follow as world leaders seek to take action on climate change as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. The award cites the progressive Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan of 2009, which made Bangladesh the first developing country to frame such a coordinated action plan. Bangladesh is also the first country to set up its own Climate Change Trust Fund supported by nearly US$300 million of domestic resources from 2009-20 12. Equator Award 2012: Chunati wildlife sanctuary co-management committee has secured Equator Award 2012 declared by United Nation. Ongarri Mathai Award 2012: Encourage to local community and women for Biodiversity conservation and stop illegal cutting of tree at Taknaf wildlife sanctuary in Cox’s Bazzar won by Khurshida Begum. Earth care Award 2012: Ministry of Environment and Forests has secured this recognition under the project ‘Community based adaptation to climate change. The project introduced integrated approach of plantation with fruits and fish culture. Climate Award 2012: Shift settlement of 700 families for wildlife conservation at Madhupur forests in Tangail district by Bangladesh Forests Department. UN Best Project Recognition 2012: Under the Community based adaptation to climate change’ project participation of local communities in dyke plantation and creation of livelihood opportunities at Char Kukri-Mukri in Bhola district. 58 5. National Targets and Activities Towards Implementation of NBSAP Towards achieving Biodiversity Targets at the global level, each country has to play a strong role at the national level. Considering the fact, updating process of NBSAP has gone through a series of consultations with relevant stakeholders at both divisional and national levels. A total of 20 National Targets with 50 activities has been set for the period from 2015-16 to 2020-21 (Table 15). Under each target, separate activities have been set to achieve the goals. These targets and activities have been articulated taking into consideration of the current status of biodiversity, the socio-economic condition, infrastructural setup and timeframe. BOX -10 The Biodiversity Strategic Planning and Aichi Biodiversity Targets The Biodiversity Strategic Planning 2011-2020 is comprised of a shared vision, a mission, strategic goals and 20 ambitious yet achievable targets, collectively known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Strategic Plan serves as a flexible framework for the establishment of national and regional targets and it promotes the coherent and effective implementation of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Biodiversity and ecosystems feature prominently in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development. The two Sustainable Development Goals are directly related to biodiversity; Goals 14 and 15 provide extensive targets on marine and terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystems. Target 15.9 directly links biodiversity to the top priority of the 2030 Agenda - poverty eradication - by calling tbr the “integration of biodiversity and ecosystem values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts”. For the details of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, please visit https://www.cbd.intldoc/strategic-planJ2Ol 1-2020/Aichi Targets-EN.pdf. Understand Reduce Enhance values pollution resilience Mainstream Reduce Implement biodiversity invasive spp. Nagoya Prot. Address Minimize Revise incentives reef loss NBSAPs Sustainable Protected Respect and production areas conserve TK j’ Halve rate of Prevent Improve I loss extinctions knowledge Sustainable Conserve Mobilize fIsheries gene pool resources Manage Restore within limits ecosystems 4 59 T o fo ll o w u p o r m o n it o r th e p ro g re ss o f th e im p le m e n ta ti o n o f ta rg e ts a n d a c ti v it ie s a se t o f in d ic a to rs h a s b e e n id e n ti fi e d fo r e a c h a c ti v it y u n d e r th e ta rg e ts . R e sp o n si b le m in is tr ie s an d d e p a rt m e n ts o f th e G o v e rn m e n t, as w e ll as a ss o c ia te d o rg a n iz a ti o n s h a s al so b e e n id e n ti fi e d c o n si d e ri n g th e re le v a n c e an d in st it u ti o n a l c a p a c it y . N a ti o n a l ta rg e ts , a c ti v it ie s a n d in d ic a to rs ar e sh o w n in th e T a b le 14 . T a b le 1 4 : N a ti o n a l T a rg e ts , A c ti v it ie s, Im p le m e n ta ti o n S tr a te g ie s a n d R e sp o n si b le O rg a n iz a ti o n s, In d ic a to rs an d In d ic a ti v e B u d g e t N a ti o n a l T a r g e ts A c ti v it ie s I m p le m e n ta ti o n s tr a te g y a n d r e s p o n s ib le A s s o c ia te d I n d ic a to r s I n d ic a ti v e M in is tr y /O r g a n iz a ti o n M in is tr y I B u d g e t in O r g a n iz a ti o n M il li o n (B D T ) S tr a te g ic G o al A : A d d r e s s th e u n d e r ly in g c a u s e s o f b io d iv e r s it y lo s s b y m a in s tr e a m in g b io d iv e r s it y a c r o s s g o v e r n m e n t a n d s o c ie ty 1. B y 20 21 , re le v an t 1 . C e le b r a te n a ti o n a l an d M o E F an d it s a g e n c ie s: D o E an d B F D w il l M o E , M o P M E , L e v e l o f 5 0 0 .0 0 st a k e h o ld e rs w il l b e a w a re in te rn a ti o n a l d a y s re la te d to o rg a n iz e a w a re n e ss ra is in g e v e n ts o n th e se M o l, M o A , M o F L , p e rc e p ti o n o n th e v a lu e o f b io d iv er si ty b io d iv e rs it y . d a y s, M o E , M o P M E , M o l, M o A , M o F L , M o W R , M o C , a m o n g th e a n d p la y an a c ti v e ro le in M o W R , M o C , N G O , M o L G R D w il l b e M o L G R D , N G O st a k e h o ld e r, e n su ri n g su st a in a b le u se in v it e d to p a rt ic ip a te in th e se e v e n ts N u m b e r o f e v e n ts , o u tr e a c h m a te ri a ls an d p a rt ic ip a n ts 2 . In c lu d e v a lu a ti o n o f g o o d s D o E u n d e r M o E F w il l p re p a re te x t o n v a lu e s M o E V a lu e s o f 1 0 0 .0 0 a n d se rv ic e s o f b io d iv e rs it y o f e c o sy st e m se rv ic e s an d su st a in a b le u se o f b io d iv e rs it y a n d e c o sy st e m in to th e c o u rs e b io d iv e rs it y in c o ll a b o ra ti o n w it h M o E an d in c lu d e d in th e o f se c o n d a ry to h ig h e r le v e l M o P M E te x tb o o k st u d e n ts 3. M a k e c o m m u n it ie s (v iz . M o E F an d it s a g e n c ie s: D o E an d B F D w il l M o A , M o F L , N u m b e r o f 1 0 0 .0 0 fa rm e rs , fi sh e rm e n , e th n ic o rg a n iz e tr am in g an d m o ti v a ti o n p ro g ra m s a t C H T s A ff a ir s, tr a in in g , g ro u p , p e o p le li v in g in an d th e co m m u n it y le v e l M o L G R D m o ti v a ti o n a ro u n d P A s/ E C A s, P ar a K en d ra pr og ra m s an d (v il la g e c e n tr e ) o f th e C H T et c, ) p a rt ic ip a n ts N at io n al T ar g et s In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e B u d g et In M il li o n (B D T ) b io d iv er si ty an d ho w to en su re th ro ug h, tr ai ni ng an d m ot iv at io n pr og ra m s 6. A w ar e pe op le th ro ug h el ec tr on ic an d pr in t m ed ia D oE an d B F D w il l pr ep ar e co nt en t o f aw ar en es s m at er ia ls on b io d iv er si ty an d ta ke in it ia ti ve fo r p u b li ci ty in th e p ri n t an d el ec tr on ic m ed ia M ol , P ri nt an d el ec tr on ic m ed ia ti m e N um be r o f ne w s/ ar ti cl es in pr in t m ed ia A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n aw ar e o f co ns er va ti on o f A ss o ci at ed M in is tr y I O rg an iz at io n 4. C on du ct tr ai ni ng pr og ra m on M oE F an d it s ag en ci es : D oE an d B F D w il l M oR A , M oL G R D , N u m b er o f 20 0. 00 b io d iv er si ty is su es fo r th e or ga ni ze tr ai ni ng an d ad vo ca cy pr og ra m s in M o l tr ai ni ng /a dv oc a re li gi ou s an d co m m un it y le ad er s co ll ab or at io n w it h M oR A (I sl am ic cy pr og ra m s an d m ed ia pe rs on s an d ad vo ca cy F ou nd at io n! Jm am T ra in in g In st it ut e an d ot he r N u m b er o f pr og ra m fo r pu bl ic re li gi ou s in st it ut es ), M oS W (N G O B ur ea u) p eo p le tr ai ne d re p re se n ta ti v es an d lo ca l go ve rn m en t in st it ut io ns up 5. In cl ud e b io d iv er si ty in th e D oE un de r M oE F w il l pr ep ar e tr ai ni ng A ll re le va nt B io di ve rs it y 50 .0 0 tr ai ni ng m od ul es o f m od ul e on b io d iv er si ty in co ll ab or at io n w it h M in is tr y in cl ud ed in th e G o v er n m en t/ N o n g o v er n m en t re le va nt m in is tr ie s/ ag en cy tr ai ni ng m od ul e tr ai ni ng or ga ni za ti on s/ in st it ut io ns N u m b er o f do cu m en ta ri es ai re d an d ai r 20 0. 00 N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s L m p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y I B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) 2. B y 2 0 2 1 , 1. C o n d u ct st u d y on v al u at io n o f D o E w il l ta ke de ve lo pm en t pr oj ec t on M oE F , M oL , P ro je ct 10 0. 00 A ss es sm en t o f v al u at io n o f go od s an d se rv ic es o f m aj o r v al u at io n an d im p le m en t it en su ri ng M o A , M o L F d o cu m en t g o o d s an d se rv ic es o f ec o sy st em en g ag em en t o f re le v an t ac to rs o r u se rs o f v al u at io n st u d y m aj o r ec o sy st em s w il l b e ec o sy st em g o o d s an d se rv ic es , re p o rt fu rn is h ed to w ar d s 2. M ak e p ro p o sa l to th e D o E w il l p re p ar e p ro p o sa l to M o E F w it h th e M o F , M o P (B B S ) D o E p ro p o sa l 5 0 .0 0 in te g ra ti o n in to n at io n al go ve rn m en t to in co rp or at e va lu e re su lt o f v al u at io n st u d ie s to b e ta k en in to w it h V al u at io n ac co u n ti n g sy st em o f ec os ys te m go od s an d se rv ic es ac co u n t b y th e M in is tr y o f F in an ce an d st u d y re p o rt s in th e gr ee n G D P ca lc ul at io n. M in is tr y o f P la n n in g . 3. B y 2 0 2 1 , S tu d ie s o n th e 1. C o n d u ct st u d y o n im p ac ts o f D o E w il l ta k e p ro je ct to co n d u ct st u d y on M o A , N A R S , P ro je ct 10 .0 0 im p ac ts o f in ce n ti v es o r in ce n ti v es o r su b si d ie s im p ac ts o f in ce n ti v es o r su b si d ie s o n B A R C , D A E d o cu m en t su b si d ie s on b io d iv er si ty , h ar m fu l to b io d iv er si ty . b io d iv er si ty en su ri n g en g ag em en t o f M o A , S tu d y re p o rt on as w el l as d ev el o p m en t o f N A R S in st it u te s, B A R C , D A E , et c. to im p ac ts p o li cy ro ad m ap s fo r fm al iz e th e st u d y re p o rt w it h p o li cy ro ad m ap D o cu m en t o f p h as in g o u t o f in ce n ti v es to w ar d s p h as in g o u t o f in ce n ti v es an d P o li cy ro ad m ap , o r su b si d ie s h ar m fu l to su b si d ie s. b io d iv er si ty w il l b e 2 .D ev el o p ed P o li cy R o ad m ap D o E w il l se n d st u d y re p o rt an d th e P o li cy M o A P ro p o sa l o f 5 .0 0 co m p le te d to w ar d s fo r p h as in g o u t o f in ce n ti v es o r R o ad m ap to M o E F fo r im p le m en ta ti o n b y M O E F to M O A m ai n st re am in g th e re le v an t su b si d ie s h ar m fu l to b io d iv er si ty M in is tr y o f A gr ic ul tu re fo r p h as in g o u t m in is tr y fo r o f h ar m fu l im p le m en ta ti o n o f th e su b si d ie s o r p o li cy ro ad m ap . in ce n ti v es 4. B y 2 0 2 1 , P o li cy o n 1. D ev el o p m en t o f p o li cy on D o E w il l ta k e p ro je ct o n p re p ar at io n o f th e M o A , M o L , M o F L P ro je ct 3 0 .0 0 S u st ai n ab le an d su st ai n ab le co n su m p ti o n an d p o li cy o n su st ai n ab le co n su m p ti o n an d M o W R d o cu m en t C o n su m p ti o n P ro d u ct io n p ro d u ct io n m ai n ta in in g sa fe p ro d u ct io n m ai n ta in in g sa fe ec o lo g ic al li m it P o li cy (S C P ) to m ai n ta in sa fe ec o lo g ic al li m it o f n at u ra l o f n at u ra l re so u rc es o f m aj o r ec o sy st em s. d o cu m en t o n N at io n al T a rg e ts A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y I B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li on (B D 1 ) ec ol og ic al li m it o f na tu ra l re so ur ce s o f m aj o r T he pr ep ar at io n pr oc es s w ou ld en su re su st ai na bl e re so ur ce s o f m aj o r ec os ys te m s. pa rt ic ip at io n o f al l th e st ak eh ol de rs fr om p ro d u ct io n an d ec os ys te m s w il l be fi el d le ve l to na ti on al le ve l, co ns um pt io n fu rn is he d an d di ss em in at e di ss em in at io n th e p o li cy to al l th e ev en t. st ak eh ol de rs w il l be do ne 2. D is se m in at io n o f th e po li cy to T he pr ep ar ed p o li cy w il l be di ss em in at ed M oA , M oL , M oF L 10 .0 0 to w ar ds im pl em en ta ti on th e en ti re st ak eh ol de r to w ar ds th ro ug h la un ch in g ev en t, as w el l as , M oW R im pl em en ta ti on . di st ri bu ti on to th e re le v an t m in is tr ie s an d or ga ni za ti on s to w ar ds pl ay in g th ei r ro le in im pl em en ta ti on S tr at eg ic G o al B : R ed u ce th e d ir ec t p re ss u re s o n b io d iv er si ty an d p ro m o te su st ai n ab le u se 5. B y 20 21 , st ud ie s on th e 1. C on du ct st ud ie s to as se ss th e D oE w il l ta ke pr oj ec t to co nd uc t st ud y to M oL , M oW R S P ro je ct 10 0. 00 ra te o f h ab it at lo ss w il l be ra te o f lo ss o f na tu ra l as se ss th e ra te o f lo ss o f na tu ra l ha bi ta ts . M oA , M oC H T s do cu m en t fu rn is he d to w ar ds ha bi ta ts A ff ai rs st ud y re po rt on p ro m o ti n g im p le m en ta ti o n ra te o f lo ss o f o f la nd us e p o li cy an d na tu ra l ha bi ta ts en fo rc em en t o f re le va nt 2. Im pl em en t L an d us e P ol ic y M oL in as so ci at io n w it h D oE w il l im pl em en t N u m b er o f 50 .0 0 le gi sl at io ns on an d E nf or ce m en t o f re le va nt th e la nd us e po li cy ; D oE , F D an d D o f w il l en fo rc em en t co n se rv at io n o f na tu ra l le gi sl at io ns fo r en su ri ng co nd uc t en fo rc em en t dr iv e fo ll ow in g th e dr iv e ha bi ta ts co ns er va ti on o f na tu ra l re le va nt le gi sl at io n en su ri ng co n se rv at io n o f C om pe ns at io n ha bi ta ts na tu ra l ha bi ta ts . re al iz ed 6. B y 20 21 , st oc k 1. T ak e de ve lo pm en t pr oj ec t to D oF w il l ta ke pr oj ec t to co m pl et e st oc k M oL , M oW R P ro je ct 50 .0 0 as se ss m en t o f fi sh , co m pl et e st oc k as se ss m en t on as se ss m en t on fi sh , in ve rt eb ra te st oc ks an d do cu m en t in ve rt eb ra te st oc ks an d fi sh , in ve rt eb ra te st oc ks an d aq ua ti c pl an ts w it h sa fe ec ol og ic al li m it o f R ep or t on st oc k aq ua ti c pl an ts w il l be aq ua ti c pl an ts o f m ar in e ar ea s m ar in e ar ea s an d m aj or in la nd w et la nd as se ss m en t u n d er ta k en k ee p in g in an d m aj or in la nd w et la nd ec os ys te m s. C ’ m in d th e sa fe e c o lo g ic a l li m it an d a w a re n e ss ra is in g o f th e st a k e h o ld e rs w il l b e e n h a n c e d so th a t a q u a ti c b io d iv e rs it y w il l b e m a n a g e d a n d h a rv e st e d su st a in a b ly , le g a ll y ta k in g in to a c c o u n t o f e c o sy st e m b a se d a p p ro a c h to w a rd s a v o id a n c e o f o v e rf ls h in g a n d c o n se rv a ti o n o f th re a te n e d sp e c ie s a n d v u ln e ra b le e c o sy st e m s. 4 . D is se m in a ti o n a ss e ss m e n t re p o rt , L a u n c h in g e v e n t 2 0 .0 0 a w a re n e ss e c o sy st e m s. N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y / B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) 2 . D e v e lo p su st a in a b le D o F in a ss o c ia ti o n w it h D o E w il l ta k e M o W R P ro je c t 2 0 .0 0 h a rv e st in g g u id e li n e fo r fi sh , p ro je c t to p re p a re su st a in a b le h a rv e st in g d o c u m e n t in v e rt e b ra te st o c k s a n d a q u a ti c g u id e li n e fo r fi sh , in v e rt e b ra te st o c k s a n d S u st a in a b le p la n ts in c a se o f m a ri n e a re a s a q u a ti c p la n ts th ro u g h p a rt ic ip a ti o n o f al l h a rv e st in g a n d in la n d w e tl a n d e c o sy st e m s. st a k e h o ld e rs . G u id e li n e s fo r fi sh , in v e rt e b ra te st o c k s an d a q u a ti c p la n ts 3. P re p a re c o n se rv a ti o n D o F in a ss o c ia ti o n w it h D o E w il l ta k e M o W R P ro je c t 3 0 .0 0 m a n a g e m e n t p la n fo r m a jo r p ro je c t to P re p a re c o n se rv a ti o n m a n a g e m e n t d o c u m e n t e c o sy st e m s in c a se o f p la n fo r m a jo r e c o sy st e m s in c a se o f m a ri n e C o n se rv a ti o n m a ri n e a re a s a n d in la n d a re a s a n d in la n d w e tl a n d e c o sy st e m s M a n a g e m e n t w e tl a n d e c o sy st e m s P la n to w a rd s a v o id in g o v e rf is h in g a n d e n su ri n g c o n se rv a ti o n o f th re a te n e d sp e c ie s a n d v u ln e ra b le e c o sy st e m s o f st o c k D o F in a ss o c ia ti o n w it h D o E w il l M o W R su st a in a b le d is se m in a te st o c k a ss e ss m e n t re p o rt , N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y / B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) h ar v es ti n g g u id el in e an d a su st ai na bl e h ar v es ti n g gu id el in e an d m at er ia ls m an ag em en t pl an am on g th e m an ag em en t p ia n an d ot he r aw ar en es s st ak eh ol de rs w it h ot he r m at er ia ls aw ar en es s m at er ia ls . 7. B y 20 21 , de ve lo pm en t 1. T ak in g up D ev el o p m en t D oE w il l ta ke pr oj ec t to de ve lo p in te gr at ed M oA , B A R C , P ro je ct 50 .0 0 o f In te g ra te d M an ag em en t p ro je ct to w ar ds pr ep ar at io n o f m an ag em en t pl an w it h th e p ar ti ci p at io n o f D A E D oF , B F D D o cu m en t P la n w il l be co m p le te d fo r in te gr at ed m an ag em en t p la n re le va nt st ak eh ol de r In te gr at ed ar ea s u n d er ag ri cu lt ur e, fo r ar ea s u n d er ag ri cu lt ur e, M an ag em en t aq ua cu lt ur e an d fo re st ry fi sh er ie s an d fo re st fo r po li cy ! P la n to w ar ds en su ri ng b io d iv er si ty co ns er va ti on an d co n se rv at io n an d su st ai na bl e us e. su st ai na bl e us e o f 2. C om pl et e la nd zo ni ng fo r M O L w il l ta ke de ve lo pm en t pr oj ec t to M oE F , M oA , P ro je ct 30 0. 00 b io d iv er si ty im po rt an t ar ea s u n d er co m pl et e la nd zo ni ng D oF , B F D do cu m en t ag ri cu lt ur e, aq ua cu lt ur e an d la nd zo ni ng fo re st ry do cu m en t 3. D es si m in at io n o f th e pl an M O L w il l be di ss em in at e th e pr ep ar ed pl an M oL , M oA , D oF , L au nc hi ng 20 .0 0 am on g th e st ak eh ol de r to w ar ds th ro ug h la un ch in g ev en t, as w el l as , B F D ev en ts an d im p le m en ta ti o n di st ri bu ti on to th e re le va nt m in is tr ie s an d av ai la bi li ty o f or ga ni za ti on s th e aw ar en es s m at er ia ls am on g th e . st ak eh o ld er 4. P re pa re G IS ba se d m ap s D oE w il l ta ke pr oj ec t to pr ep ar e G IS ba se d B F D , M oA , D at ab as e 50 .0 0 sh ow in g fo re st , ag ri cu lt ur e D at ab as e M oW R , C E G IS la nd , w at er bo di es or ot he r U ’ N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y / B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) n a tu ra l fe a tu re s 8. B y 2 0 2 1 , st u d y o n I C o n d u c t st u d y o n im p a c t o f D o E w il l ta k e p ro je c t to c o n d u c t st u d y o n M o A , M o ln d P ro je c t 5 0 .0 0 im p a c t o f p o ll u ti o n an d p o ll u ti o n an d ex ce ss n u tr ie n t im p a c t o f p o ll u ti o n an d ex ce ss n u tr ie n t o n d o c u m e n t, e x c e ss n u tr ie n t o n o n fu n c ti o n in g o f m a jo r fu n c ti o n in g o f m a jo r e c o sy st e m s S tu d y re p o rt fu n c ti o n in g o f m a jo r e c o sy st e m s e c o sy st e m s w il l b e 4 . E n h an ce e n fo rc e m e n t dr iv e D o E w il l d ri v e e n fo rc e m e n t fo r c o n tr o ll in g M o A , M o ln d N u m b e r o f 1 0 0 .0 0 c o n d u c te d an d fo r c o n tr o ll in g o f p o ll u ti o n . o f p o ll u ti o n e n fo rc e m e n t e n fo rc e m e n t d ri v e fo r d ri v e c o n tr o ll in g p o ll u ti o n w il l C o m p e n sa ti o n b e st re n g th e n e d . re a li z e d 9. B y 2 0 2 1 , st u d y o n th e 1. C o n d u c t st u d y o n th e im p a c t M o E F w il l ta k e p ro je c t to c o n d u c t st u d y o n M o L , D o F P ro je c t 1 0 .0 0 im p a c t o f lA S w il l b e o f lA S o n b io d iv e rs it y th e im p a c t lA S e n su ri n g re le v a n t st a k e h o ld e r d o c u m e n t fu rn is h e d , re g u la ti o n s S tu d y R ep o rt . to w a rd s c o n tr o l o f lA S w il l 2 . D ev el o p g u id e li n e fo r D o E w il l ta k e p ro je c t to d e v e lo p th e B F D , D o F P ro je c t 2 0 .0 0 b e d e v e lo p e d an d c o n tr o ll in g an d c o m b a ti n g g u id e li n e fo r c o n tr o ll in g an d c o m b a ti n g th e d o c u m e n t c a p a c it ie s at th e p o rt o f th e im p a c t o f L A S im p a c t o f lA S G u id e li n e e n tr ie s w il l b e e n h a n c e d to d o c u m e n t re g u la te L A S . 3. S tr e n g th e n in g q u a ra n ti n e M o A w il l ta k e in it ia ti v e s to en su re M o H o m e A ff a ir s F u n c ti o n a l 1 0 0 .0 0 sy st e m at al l p o rt o f en tr ie s q u a ra n ti n e sy st e m at th e p o rt o f en tr ie s M o S , M o C A T q u a ra n ti n e o f th e co u n tr y sy st e m in p la c e 4 . D e v e lo p m a n a g e m e n t p la n D o E w il l ta k e p ro je c t to p re p a re m a n a g e m e n t M o S P ro je c t 2 0 .0 0 fo r tr e a tm e n tl c o n tr o l o f p la n fo r tr e a tm e n t /c o n tr o l o f b a ll a st w a te r to d o c u m e n t b a ll a st w a te r to re g u la te lA S re g u la te L A S lA S M a n a g e m e n t p la n N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic a to rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y I B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) 5 . D is s e m in a ti o n o f th e D o E w il l e n s u re d is tr ib u ti o n o f th e B F D , D o F N o . o f e v e n ts to 2 0 .0 0 g u id e li n e an d p la n a m o n g d o c u m e n ts to th e re le v a n t m in is tr ie s an d c ir c u la te th e th e s ta k e h o ld e r to w a rd s o rg a n iz a ti o n s . d o c u m e n ts im p le m e n ta ti o n a v a il a b il it y o f th e g u id e li n e an d p la n a m o n g th e s ta k e h o ld e r 1 0 . B y 2 0 2 1 , m u lt ip le 1. D e v e lo p to u ri s m g u id e li n e s D o E w il l ta k e p ro je c t to p re p a re to u ri s m M o C A T T o u ri s m 1 0 .0 0 p re s s u re o n c o ra l g u id e li n e s w it h th e c o ll a b o ra ti o n o f re le v a n t g u id e li n e s a s s o c ia te d is la n d (S t. s ta k e h o ld e r M a rt in ) a n d S u n d a rb a n 2 . P re p a re o r u p d a te m a n a g e m e n t D o E a n d B F D w il l ta k e p ro je c t to p re p a re o r M o C A T P ro je c t 2 0 0 .0 0 m a n g ro v e e c o s y s te m w il l p la n u p d a te m a n a g e m e n t p la n fo r re s p e c ti v e a re a s d o c u m e n t b e re d u c e d th ro u g h . M a n a g e m e n t im p le m e n ta ti o n o f pl an m a n a g e m e n t p la n o f th e e c o s y s te m s . S tr a te g ic G o a l C : T o im p ro v e th c s ta tu s o f b io d iv e rs it y by s a fe g u a rd in g e c o s y s te m s , sp e c ie s a n d g e n e ti c d iv e rs it y 1 1 . B y 2 0 2 1 , B an g la d es h ’s 1. Id en ti fy n e w ar ea s o f B F D an d D o E w il l id e n ti fy n e w a re a s an d M o L , M o W R G a z e tt e 2 0 .0 0 3% a re a u n d e r te rr es ir ia l b io d iv er si ty si gn if ic an ce fo r m ak e p ro p o s a l to M o E F fo r d e c la ra ti o n a s n o ti fi c a ti o n o f e c o s y s te m (f o re s ts ), 3% d e c la ra ti o n a s P A s a n d P A s an d E C A s . n e w P A s a n d a re a u n d e r in la nd w e tl a n d s E C A s E C A s a n d c o a s ta l e c o s y s te m s an d 5 % o f to ta l m a ri n e a re a w il l c o m e u n d e r P A s o r E C A s w it h d e v e lo p m e n t 2. D e v e lo p m e n t o f m a n a g e m e n t B F D , a n d D o E w il l p re p a re m a n a g e m e n t M o L , M o W R P u b li s h e d 2 0 0 .0 0 a n d im p le m e n ta ti o n o f p la n fo r P A s p la n a n d s u b m it it to M o E F fo r a p p ro v a l an d m a n a g e m e n t p la n 0 0 N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic a to rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y I B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) m a n a g e m e n t p la n fo r th es e an d E C A s c ir c u la ti o n ar ea s 3 . S tr e n g th e n a n d e x p a n d B F D , an d D o E w il l im p le m e n t m a n a g e m e n t M o L G R D , N u m b e r o f 2 0 0 0 .0 0 co m m u n it y b a se d p la n th ro u g h re le v a n t g o v e rn m e n t ag en ci es , JN G O , fu n ct io n al V C G m a n a g e m e n t o r c o m a n a g e C B O s an d N G O s D e v e lo p m e n t o r C M C m e lt in a ll P A s an d P a rt n e r E C A s 12 . B y 2 0 2 1 , th e 1. P re p a ra ti o n o f li st o f M o E F , M o A an d M o F L w il l w o rk to g e th e r II JC N ,B N H U p d a te d li st o f 2 0 0 .0 0 e x ti n c ti o n o f kn ow n th re a te n e d sp ec ie s w h ic h ar e o n u p d a ti n g li st o f th re a te n e d sp ec ie s th ro u g h th re a te n e d fl o ra th re a te n e d sp ec ie s w il l b e m o st in d ec li n e, th e ag en ci es li k e B F D , D o E , B N H , N A R S an d fa u n a p re v e n te d an d th e ir in st it u te s, u n iv e rs it y fa c u lt ie s an d IU C N w il l c o n se rv a ti o n st at u s, ta k e p ro je c t to p re p a re li st o f th re a te n e d p a rt ic u la rl y o f th o se m o st sp ec ie s w h ic h ar e in m o st d ec li n e. D o E an d in d e c li n e , h as b e e n B F D w il l p ro v id e su p p o rt w it h d e v e lo p m e n t im p ro v e d an d su st a in e d p ro je c t to un de rt ak e th e ac ti v it y . 2 . T a k e re c o v e ry p ro g ra m m e to B F D , D o E , N A R S in st it u te s an d D L S w il l IU C N , B N H N u m b e r o f 5 0 0 .0 0 p re v e n t e x ti n c ti o n o f th e ta k e re c o v e ry p ro g ra m m e to p re v e n t re c o v e re d sp e c ie s kn ow n th re a te n e d fl o ra an d e x ti n c ti o n o f kn ow n fl o ra an d fa u n a a v a il a b il it y o f fa u n a th re a te n e d fl o ra an d fa u n a 13 . B y 2 0 2 1 , c a p a c it y o f 1. E st a b li sh m e n t o f N a ti o n a l M in is tr y o f A g ri c u lt u re w il l ta k e a p ro je c t B F R I, B N I 1, E st a b li sh m e n t o f 1 0 0 0 .0 in s it u an d ex s it u G e n e ti c R e so u rc e s In st it u te w it h th e su p p o rt o f re le v a n t m in is tr ie s U n iv e rs it y N G R I 0 c o n se rv a ti o n fa c il it ie s w il l (N G R I) b e st re n g th e n e d to c o n se rv e th e g e n e ti c 2 . S tr e n g th e n e x is ti n g g en e M o A an d M o F L w il l ta k e d e v e lo p m e n t N u m b e r o f 5 0 0 .0 0 d iv e rs it y o f c u lt iv a te d ba nk s o r c o n se rv a ti o n p ro je c t to st re n g th e n in s it u an d ex s it u st re n g th e n g en e N at io n al T a rg e ts A c ti v it ie s im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic a to rs in d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y I B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) p la n ts , in d ig e n o u s fa c il it ie s in in st it u te s (B A R I, c o n se rv a ti o n fa ci li ti es o f g en et ic d iv e rs it y to b a n k li v e st o c k an d p o u lt ry B R R I, B L R I, B JR I, B IN A , b e im p le m e n te d b y th e a g e n c ie s o r N u m b e r o f re so u rc e s U n iv e rs it ie s et c) th ro u g h o rg a n iz a ti o n s w o rk in g u n d e r th o se sp ec ie s in g en e c a p a c it y b u il d in g , e st a b li sh m in is tr ie s. M o E F w il l fa c il it a te th es e b a n k o r u n d e r c o ll a b o ra ti o n an d p re p a re a m in is tr ie s to w a rd s re so u rc e m o b il iz a ti o n fo r c o n se rv a ti o n d a ta b a se a c c e ss ib le to im p le m e n ti n g th es e ac ti v it ie s, fa ci li ti es . c o m m o n p e o p le 3. S tr e n g th e n ex is ti n g fa rm er s M o A , N A R S in st it u te , D L S , D A E w il l ta ke M o L G R I) N u m b e r o f 1 0 0 0 .0 0 an d co m m un it y g en e ba nk m o ti v a ti o n an d tr a in in g p ro g ra m to es ta b li sh fa rm e rs an d an d p ro m o te su ch in it ia ti v e s an d st re n g th e n th e c a p a c it y o f fa rm er s an d co m m un it y g en e to b e e st a b li sh e d b y o th er s, co m m un it y to e st a b li sh g en e b a n k fo r b a n k c u lt iv a te d p la n ts an d c o n se rv a ti o n fa c il it ie s fo r li v e st o c k an d p o u lt ry re so u rc e s. S tr at eg ic G o a l D : E n h an ce th e b en ef it s to al l fr o m b io d iv e rs it y a n d e c o sy st e m se rv ic e s 1 4 . B y 2 0 2 1 , d e v e lo p an d 1. P re p ar e re st o ra ti o n p la n fo r D O E an d B F D w il l ta k e p ro je c t to d e v e lo p M o W R , M o L P ro je c t 1 0 0 .0 0 im p le m e n t re st o ra ti o n p la n d e g ra d e d e c o sy st e m s. re st o ra ti o n p la n fo r d e g ra d e d e c o sy st e m , d o c u m e n t fo r d e g ra d e d w e tl a n d s an d R e st o ra ti o n ri v e rs ta k in g in to a c c o u n t P la n d o c u m e n t th e n e e d s o f v u ln e ra b le p e o p le an d lo ca l c o m m u n it ie s 1 5 . B y 2 0 2 1 , in it ia te 1. T ak e p ro je c t to in it ia te B F D w il l ta k e p ro je c t to im p le m e n ta ti o n o f M o W R , M o L P ro je c t 5 0 0 0 .0 0 im p le m e n ta ti o n o f im p le m e n ta ti o n o f re st o ra ti o n re st o ra ti o n p la n fo r d e g ra d e d fo re st d o c u m e n t re st o ra ti o n p la n fo r p la n fo r d e g ra d e d fo re st e c o sy st e m s. A re a re st o re d d e g ra d e d e c o sy st e m s, e c o sy st e m s. N at io n al T a rg e ts A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic a to rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y I B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) e sp e c ia ll y , fo re st la n d s an d 2 . T a k e p ro je c t to in it ia te D o E , w il l ta ke p ro je c t fo r im p le m e n ta ti o n o f M oW R , M o L P ro je c t 5 0 0 0 .0 0 w e tl a n d s fo r a d d re ss in g im p le m e n ta ti o n o f re st o ra ti o n re st o ra ti o n p la n fo r d e g ra d e d w e tl a n d d o c u m e n t c li m a te ch an g e m it ig a ti o n , p la n fo r d e g ra d e d w e tl a n d ec o sy st em s. A re a re st o re d a d a p ta ti o n an d c o m b a ti n g e c o sy st e m s. d e se rt if ic a ti o n 16 . B y 2 0 1 6 , B a n g la d e sh 1. P as s th e A c t in th e n a ti o n a l M o E F w il l ta k e in it ia ti v e to p as s th e ac t b y L o c a l G o v e rn m e n t B a n g la d e sh 0 2 .0 0 B io lo g ic a l D iv e rs it y A c t p a rl ia m e n t an d c ir c u la t e it to th e p a rl ia m e n t. B io d iv e rs it y a d d re ss in g th e is su es o f p u b li c an d im p le m e n t th e ac t A ct e n a c te d A B S w il l b e fi n a li z e d an d 2 . P re p a re th e In st ru m e n t o f D o E w il l h el p M o E F w it h th e in st ru m e n t o f N a g o y a 0 2 .0 0 th e in st ru m e n t o f ra ti fi c a ti o n fo r N a g o y a ra ti fi c a ti o n . P ro to c o l is ra ti fi c a ti o n fo r th e N a g o y a P ro to c o l e n su ri n g A B S ra ti fi e d P ro to c o l o n A B S w il l b e su b m it te d to th e se c re ta ri a t o f C B D S tr at eg ic G o al E : E n h an ce im p le m en ta ti o n th ro u g h p a rt ic ip a to ry p la n n in g , k n o w le d g e m an ag em en t an d c a p a c it y b u il d in g 17 . B y 2 0 1 6 , B a n g la d e sh 1. U p d a te N B S A P w it h th e D o E w il l ta ke p ro je c t to u p d a te an d A ll re le v a n t U p d a te d w il l d ev el o p , a d o p t an d p a rt ic ip a ti o n o f re le v a n t im p le m e n t N B S A P M in is tr y! N B S A P R e p o rt u p d a te N B S A P an d st a k e h o ld e rs O rg a n iz a ti o n c o m m e n c e im p le m e n ta ti o n 2 . A d o p t N B S A P as a p o li c y M o E F w il l ta k e ac ti o n to a d o p t N B S A P as a A ll re le v a n t N B S A P 2 0 .0 0 o f th e d o c u m e n t in an in st ru m e n t p o li c y in st ru m e n t. M in is tr y ! a d o p te d as a e ff e c ti v e an d p a rt ic ip a to ry O rg a n iz a ti o n p o li c y m a n n e r in st ru m e n t. 18 . B y 2 0 2 1 , tr a d it io n a l 1. T ak e d e v e lo p m e n t p ro je c t to D o E w il l ta k e p ro je c t to re c o g n iz e an d M o L G R D ,M o C H P ro je c t 1 0 0 .0 0 k n o w le d g e , in n o v a ti o n s re c o g n iz e a n d d o c u m e n t th e d o c u m e n ta ti o n o f th e tr a d it io n a l k n o w le d g e , T s d o c u m e n t N at io n al T ar g et s A ct iv it ie s Im p le m en ta ti o n st ra te g y an d re sp o n si b le A ss o ci at ed In d ic at o rs In d ic at iv e M in is tr y /O rg an iz at io n M in is tr y / B u d g et in O rg an iz at io n M il li o n (B D T ) an d p ra c ti c e s o f lo ca l tr a d it io n a l k n o w le d g e , in n o v a ti o n s an d p ra c ti c e s o f lo ca l R e c o g n iz e d an d c o m m u n it ie s o r et h n ic in n o v a ti o n s an d p ra c ti c e s o f c o m m u n it ie s. d o c u m e n te d g ro u p s w il l b e re c o g n iz e d lo ca l c o m m u n it ie s. tr a d it io n a l an d d o c u m e n te d k n o w le d g e , in n o v a ti o n s an d p ra c ti c e s 19 . B y 2 0 2 1 , A g e n c ie s 1 .S tr e n g th e n a p p li c a ti o n o f D O E an d B F D w il l ta k e p ro je c t to b e C E G IS , S P A R S O P ro je c t 1 0 0 .0 0 re sp o n si b le fo r G IS an d R e m o te S e n si n g fo r im p le m e n te d to e st a b li sh G IS an d R S se tu p . d o c u m e n t, B io d iv e rs it y an d N a tu ra l m o n it o ri n g o f b io d iv e rs it y A p p li c a ti o n o f R e so u rc e s M a n a g e m e n t G IS an d R S w il l b e a d o p ti n g m o d e m 2 .E st a b li sh C le a ri n g H o u se D o E w il l ta k e in it ia ti v e to e st a b li sh an d A ll re le v a n t P ro je c t 0 5 .0 0 in fo rm a ti o n te c h n o lo g y M e c h a n is m (C H M ) an d m ak e o p e ra ti o n a li z e C H M st a k e h o ld e r d o c u m e n t, li k e G IS an d R S an d it o p e ra ti o n a iz e d E st a b li sh e d an d in fo rm a ti o n o n b io d iv e rs it y o p e ra ti o n a li z e d w il l b e sh ar ed th ro ug h C H M . C le a ri n g H o u se M e c h a n is m (C H M ) 2 0 . B y 2 0 1 7 , fi n a n c ia l 1. A c c e le ra te fi n an ci al re so u rc e M o E F w it h th e h el p o f E c o n o m ic R e la ti o n s E R D , M o F an d al l A d e q u a te 5 .0 0 re so u rc e s w il l b e m o b il iz a ti o n fr o m ex te rn al an d D iv is io n w il l ta k e ac ti o n s to in c re a se o th e r re le v a n t re so u rc e s fo r m o b il iz e d to w a rd s in te rn a l so u rc es m o b il iz a ti o n o f fm a n c ia l re so u rc e s fr o m st a k e h o ld e r N B S A P a c c e le ra te d in te rn a l an d e x te rn a l re so u rc e s. im p le m e n ta ti o n im p le m e n ta ti o n o f ta rg et s an d a c ti v it ie s o f u p d a te d N B S A P 6. Capacity Development for Implementation of NBSAP Capacity development is the key issue for implementing any novel type of plan that needs human engagement, as well as technological excellences to move the plan ahead. NBSAP implementation requires the capacity of the organizations and managers to be up-scaled for discharging their responsibilities with optimum level of application of technical and technological knowhow. 6.1 Capacity Development Needs In order to achieve the targets of the updated NBSAP, capacity building is effectively needed at individual, institutional and systemic levels. 6.1.1 Individual capacity development Capacity development initiative at individual level aims at developing ability for the personnel from grass-root level to the policy makers who are involved in management of biodiversity or who are associated with implementation of NB SAP. Individual level capacity includes attaining improved knowledge, professional skills, awareness and motivation towards conservation and sustainable use and decision making capability to this end. This is going without say that implementing the activities highlighted in the NBSAP and attaining the targets needs active engagement of individuals having expertise on biodiversity. Without strengthening capability towards understanding and assessing the nature and dynamics of the problems of ensuring conservation and sustainable use or enforcement of access and benefit sharing regime would be challenging a task. In that regard strengthening capacity of the individuals (officials, scientists and researchers) working in the relevant departments like DOE, BFD, DOF, DAE, research organizations like NARS institutes, NGOs, CBOs and financing entities or organizations is very important and it could be achieved through imparting intensive training, organizing consultations, establishing interactions and networking among the individuals. 6.1.2 Institutional capacity development Institutional capacity development is needed to have stronger institutes or organizations equipped with logistics and infrastructural facilities towards effective implementation of NBSAP. Many institutes or departments already have the research labs and logistics while some others are still lacking adequate facility to cover research and development on biodiversity. A detailed capacity needs assessment will be required as a starting point of implementing NBSAP, In the context of Bangladesh, if the capacity question comes, we find that the country has established Government institutions and Non-government agencies working in the arena of the development aspect of Biodiversity. Ministry of Environment and Forests is coordinating biodiversity activities in the country. The Ministry is implementing development initiatives through the departments: Department of Environment and Bangladesh Forest Department and the institutes: Bangladesh Forest Research Institutes, Bangladesh National Herbarium. Bangladesh Climate Change Trust is working under MOEF to manage government fund entrusted to address climate change. At the government institutional level, capacity building is required for the agencies under the MOEF, as well as for Department of Agriculture Extension, Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Bangladesh 73 Forest Research Institute, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute and many more of this kind may be mentioned which have got researchers/scientists/officials working in the areas of biodiversity but without having adequate number of people and logistic supports. Most of the public and private universities of the country have the departments on environmental science and management, plant/animal science and biotechnology. These Universities produce work force on management of biodiversity and related areas. In addition, these universities and institutes conduct research works on issues like environmental status, loss of ecosystems and habitats, spatial and temporal changes, detection of land use and land cover, biodiversity assessment and monitoring issues, etc. These institutes need adequate number of skilled researchers, as well as lab facilities and others logistic supports to be enable to contribute much more to the process of implementation of NBSAP. A strong role has been played by local and international NGOs and development partners in research and development on biodiversity conservation and sustainable management. The specialized knowledge of these organizations and their publications are sometimes are very useful for the decision makers. In addition, country offices of UNDP, World Bank, ADB and FAO foster research and development programs relevant to biodiversity. These organizations also need skilled officials who understand the problems of biodiversity and management needs to undertake appropriate projects. Towards ensuring implementation of NB SAP and SDG targets, capacities of the institutes need to be re-energized with mobilization of adequate financial resources and technological knowhow. 6.1.3 Systemic capacity development Systemic capacity development aims at having in place the national policies, acts, rules and regulations that create clear mission, vision, mandate and resource allocation towards effective implementation of NBSAP. The Government of Bangladesh included Biodiversity and environment issues in The Constitution of People’s of Republic of Bangladesh and formulated Bangladesh Biological Diversity Act. Development of comprehensive rules-regulations will be required to implement the Act. Furthermore, there are other acts which are related to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use are: Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 (amendment in 2010), The Forest Act 1927 (amendment in 2000), Wildlife (Conservation and Security) Act 2012, Brick manufacturing and Kiln installation Act 2013, Plant Quarantine Act 2011, Fish Conservation and Protection Act 1950, etc. Capacity development needs at individual, institutional and systemic levels to implement NBSAP are shown in Table 15. TabIel5 Capacity Development Needs for implementation of NBSAP Category Capacity Needs Contributing to Responsible Achieve National Ministries/Agencies/Inst Target Number itutes Individual I. Training and Advocacy Program for I DoE, MoEF level Policy level on Biodiversity 2. Training for trainer to provide training 1 DoE, MoEF on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use issues at DOE, BFD, DOF, NARS Institutes, NAPD, BPATC, BARD and other training institutes. 74 Category Capacity Needs Contributing to Responsible Achieve National Ministries/Agencies/Inst Target Number itutes 3. Training for teachers of Environmental Science, Biological Sciences, Social Sciences, Development Studies and other relevant disciplines towards introducing biodiversity related curriculum at Public and Private Universities. 4. Develop community groups; impart 1 DoE, BFD, DOF, NARS training and motivation for biodiversity Institutes conservation among these groups in PAs and ECAs or other areas of biodiversity importance. 5. Training of field level extension 3 DAE, NARS Institutes personnel and farmers for balanced use of chemical fertilizer, granular urea and practices on Integrated Crop Management (1CM) that includes Seedling Establishment, Integrated Disease Management (1DM), Integrated Pest Management (1PM), Integrated Weed Management (IWM), Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), etc. issues. 6. Training of officials in all ports of 9 DoE, DAE entries to prevent importation and introduction of lAS. 7. Training on use of GIS, Remote Sensing 19 DoE, BFD, DoF, DAE and others moderns tools in relation to biodiversity conservation and natural resources management 8. Training on maintaining and updating of 19 DoE Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) Training for researchers on germplasm conservation and sustainable use 10. Establish biodiversity cell in relevant 17 ministry/agency/organization for implementation of NB SAP 1 1. Strengthen enforcement capability of I I BFD, DoE the managers responsible for the management of PAs/ECAs 12. Strengthening the research and 11 BFD, DOE, BFRI, FRI development facilities for In-situ conservation in the PAs/ECAs, etc. 13. Strengthen enforcement drive to control 8 DoE pollution DoE, MoEF 9. Institutional level 13 NARS Relevant Ministry/Agencies 14. Provide incentive to promote 1CM 3 practices MoA, DAE 75 Category Capacity Needs Contributing to Responsible Achieve National Ministries/Agencies/Inst Target Number itutes 15. Enhance logistic support at the port of 9 MoCAT, MoS entries to deal unauthorized genetic materials (e.g. lAS) 16. Install and operate Common Effluent 8 MOl Treatment Plant (CETP) in the industrial zones 17. Train-up DOE officials for regular 19 DoE updating of CHM 18. Strengthening the research and 13 MOA development facilities of Ex-situ conservation in BARI, BRRI, FRI, BLRI, BFRI, BJRi, BINA, BSRI, BLRI Botanical Gardens, Zoos and in the Academic Institutions, etc. Systemic 19. Develop effective policies, strategies 1 MOEF, MOA, MOFLR level along with functional legislations, rules regulations or standards on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use 20. Enhance the capacity of coordination All Targets MOEF and engagement of various public and private organizations towards NB SAP implementation 21. Developing and strengthening systems 13 MoA for monitoring and safeguarding genetic diversity and minimizing erosion of plant genetic resources. 22. Strengthening capacity to liaison with 20 MoF development partners for enhancing financial support 23. Develop capacity of effective utilization 20 MOEF, MOFLR, of financial resources in biodiversity MOA and the related projects agencies there under 24. Develop partnership with business 20 MOEF, MOl, MOC association (like FBCCI, DCCI, BJMEA, BKMEA) to channelize a significant portion of CSR and introduce market based certification to the companies which are following environment-friendly operations 6.2 TechnoIo Needs Technology is playing a powerful role towards addressing various management problems of biodiversity and thus it is very important for the implementation of NBSAP. Effective diffusion and transfer of technology will be dependent on adequate fmancing and cooperation among the developed and developing nations. Bangladesh as a developing nation is suffering a lot in terms of vulnerability to climate change and other man-made disasters. Biodiversity is the innocent victim of the onslaught of climate change and other disasters. Towards ensuring better adaptation or risk management of climate change or other vulnerability, services offered by the ecosystems of the country must be protected. To this end, technological applications and innovations will be the cornerstone to achieve the successes of implementation of NBSAP. The technology needs with the results are illustrated in the Table 16. 76 T ab le 16 T ec hn ol og y N ee ds an d E xp ec te d R es ul ts fo r va ri ou s se ct or s o f B io di ve rs it y m an ag em en t P ri o ri ti ze d T ec h n o lo g ie s R el ev an t S ec to r N at io n al E x p ec te d R es u lt s B as ic T ec h n o lo g ie s A ss o ci at ed Is su es T ar g et s — E n v ir o n m en t 1. In d u st ri al ef fl u en ts tr ea tm en t p la n ts /b io 6. P ro m o ti o n o f th e in d u st ri es or 8, 11 , 14 1. R ed u ce d w at er po L lu ti on , tr ea tm en ts o f w as te /w as te w at er tr ea tm en t fa ct o ri es th at m ai n ta in th e im p ro v ed aq u at ic b io d iv er si ty p la n ts h ig h es t L ev el o f su st ai n ab le an d ec o sy st em se rv ic es 2. B io lo g ic al m ea ns to tr ea t w at er (i .e . sn ai ls ); p ra ct ic e or to in tr o d u ce ea sy 2. E n v ir o n m en ta l fl ow u si n g eg g sh el ls to re m o v e to x ic w at er lo an fo r su st ai n ab le in d u st ri es m ai n ta in ed to an o p ti m u m p o ll u ta n ts (e .g . C h ro m iu m ) 7. R es to ra ti o n o f ri v er s, su ch as le ve l 3. A rt if ic ia l w et la n d s/ re ed la nd s b as ed w as te th e B u ri g an g a, th e S it al ak h y a w at er tr ea tm en t an d th e K ar n ap h u li 4. A p p li ca ti o n o f G IS an d R S (r em o te ly se n se d im ag es d er iv ed fr om sa te ll it es , ra da r, li de r an d d ro n es to m ap th e w et la n d s co ve r, 3D m ap an d co st e ff ec ti v e su rv ey fo r al l th e w et la n d s o f B an g la d es h 5. P re d ic ti v e m at h em at ic al m o d el s to p ro je ct th e fu tu re o f ri v er /c an al w at er fl ow , p o ll u ti o n an d n av ig at io n F o re st ry 1. A p p li ca ti o n o f G IS an d R S (r em o te ly se n se d 9. B u il d in g ca p ac it y to in tr o d u ce 5, 7, 9, 1. C h an g es in fo re st re so u rc es im ag es d er iv ed fr om sa te ll it es , ra da r, li d er F S C & M S C to en su re 10 , 12 an d fo re st h ea lt h m o n it o re d an d d ro n es to m ap th e fo re st s co ve r, to ta l su st ai n ab le h ar v es t 2. F o re st an d p ro te ct ed ar ea b io m as s, 3D m ap an d co st e ff ec ti v e su rv ey in 1 0 .l n fr as tr u ct u ra l d ev el o p m en t to im p ro v em en t in it ia ti v es th e fo re st s o f B an g la d es h re d ef m e th e N at io n al B o ta n ic al fa ci li ta te d 2. E co sy st em s m o d el li n g to w ar d s re st o ra ti o n ; G ar d en as a ce n tr e at tr ac ti o n 3. S p ec ie s d iv er si ty an d ca rb o n se q u es tr at io n ; re si li en ce fo r no t o n ly ca p tu ri n g ec o sy st em in te g ri ty ar e 3. U se o f S C P (S p at ia l C o n se rv at io n P la n n in g ) b o ta n ic al k n o w le d g e bu t al so m ai n ta in ed fr am ew o rk an d so ft w ar e in P ro te ct ed A re a fo r o th er ta rg et g ro u p s (e .g . 4. W il d li fe tr af fi ck in g re d u ce d p la n n in g d ep en d in g on th e al lo ca te d re so u rc es in tr o d u ci n g ju n g le or tr ai l th ro u g h m u lt if ac et ed 4. C o n ti n u o u s u p d at e on th e fr ag m en ta ti o n o f b ik in g , sp o t fo r b ir d w at ch er s, m o n it o ri n g ap p ro ac h P ri o ri ti z e d T ec h n o lo g ie s R el ev an t S ec to r . N at io n al E x p ec te d R es u lt s B as ic T ec h n o lo g ie s A ss o ci at ed Is su es T ar g et s fo re s t an d p o s s ib le co rr id o rs w it h th e h el p o f et c. ) 5. N a ti o n a l re p o s it o ri e s o f li v e G IS an d c o ll e c te d s p e c im e n s 5. C am er a tr ap p in g te ch n o lo g y to re co rd th e m a in ta in e d fo r re s e a rc h o n b io d iv e rs it y o f th e fo re s t an d ra d io c o ll a ri n g p la n t b io d iv e rs it y an d b ir d r in g in g to tr a c k th e m ig ra ti o n o r m o v e m e n t o r to s to p p o a c h in g a n d h u n ti n g o f w il d v e rt e b ra te s 6 . M o d e m q u a ra n ti n e to o ls , v ig il a n c e a n d m o n it o ri n g to o ls an d te c h n iq u e s fo r p e t a n im a ls , o rn a m e n ta l p la n ts , s e e d s , e x o ti c p la n ts , fi s h a n d g e n o m e s 7 . D e v e lo p a p p o n th e d e ta il s o f n a ti o n a l b o ta n ic a l g a rd e n to m a k e th e p u b li c le a rn in g e a s ie r 8 . D e v e lo p a d a ta b a s e fo r B a n g la d e s h N a ti o n a l H e rb a ri u m o n s to re d h e rb a ri u m s p e c im e n s c o ll e c te d fr o m a ll o v e r th e co u n tr y A g ri c u lt u re 1 . O rg a n ic a g ro t e c h n o lo g ie s , e .g . In te g ra te d 1. Id e n ti fy in g a n d b u il d in g 3, 7, 9, 1. L e s s d e p e n d e n t o n P e s t M a n a g e m e n t, b io f e rt il iz e rs c a p a c it y o n p a te n t is s u e s o f 11 , 1 3 , fe rt il iz e r/ p e s ti c id e s th a t a re 2 . Id e n ti fy in g la n d th a t s u it s b e s t fo r e it h e r la n d u n iq u e an d in d ig e n o u s a g ro 1 8 , 1 9 h a rm fu l fo r e n v ir o n m e n t s h a ri n g o r la n d s p a ri n g b a s e d p ro d u c ts 2 . M a x im iz in g lo c a l b io d iv e rs it y 3. C ro p ro ta ti o n ! In te r c ro p p in g ! A g ro f o re s tr y / 2 . P re s e rv a ti o n o f s e e d s o f th ro u g h p la n n e d la n d s h a ri n g H o m e s te a d fo re s tr y d if fe re n t lo c a l a n d n a ti v e fr u it s , o r la n d s p a ri n g te c h n iq u e 4. E n h a n c e d a p ic u lt u re m e d ic in a l p la n ts a n d o th e r w h ic h in tu rn m e e t th e 5. R e s e a rc h fa c il it y o r c e n tr e o n d ro u g h t tr e e s , e tc . d e m a n d fo r fo o d re s is ta n t, s a li n it y r e s is ta n t a n d d is e a s e 3. B u il d in g an d in c re a s in g th e 3. P re s e rv a ti o n o f g e n e ti c re s is ta n t s e e d s c a p a c it y to re c o rd a n d s u s ta in d iv e rs it y o f n a ti v e a n d 6. L e s s n a tu ra l re s o u rc e d e p e n d e n t a g ro t e c h , th e in d ig e n o u s p ra c ti c e s in in d ig e n o u s p la n t s p e c ie s e .g . a lt e rn a ti v e w e t d ry ir ri g a ti o n m e th o d a g ri c u lt u re I. A g ro f o re s tr y , in te r c ro p p in g P ri o ri ti z e d T ec h n o lo g ie s R el ev an t S ec to r N at io n al E x p ec te d R es u lt s B as ic T ec h n o lo g ie s A ss o ci at ed Is su es T ar g et s 7 . S u rv e y in g a n d in v en to ry in g , an d ex p lo ra ti o n 4. R e c o g n iz in g th e tr ad it io n al p ro m is es to in c re a s e th e a n d c o ll e c ti o n o f g e rm p la s m e c o lo g ic a l k n o w le d g e th a t h a v e e c o n o m ic s u s ta in a b il it y an d 8. In vi tr o a n d c ry o p re s e rv a ti o n , D N A b a n k , b e e n p ra c ti c e d fo r m il le n n ia in e n h a n c e th e d iv e rs it y o f fa rm se ed b an k , fi el d g en e b an k B an g la d es h la n d 9. C h a ra c te ri z a ti o n a n d e v a lu a ti o n o f g e rm p la s m 5. B u il d in g g e rm p la s m c e n tr e 5. A p ic u lt u re in c re a s e s th e a n d id e n ti fi c a ti o n o f im p o rt a n t tr a it w it h n e c e s s a ry n a tu ra l p o ll in a to rs a n d 10 .M o le c u la r c h a ra c te ri z a ti o n o f g e rm p la s m re s o u rc e s /e q u ip m e n ts a n d u lt im a te ly in c re a s e s th e h u m a n re s o u rc e s p ro d u c ti o n th ro u g h in c re a s e d p o ll in a ti o n 6. N u m b e r o f c u lt iv a te d an d w il d p la n t in B a n g la d e s h w il l b e id e n ti fi e d . 7. G e rm p la s m w il l b e in s e c u re d p o s it io n 8. G e n e ti c d iv e rs it y o f c ro p w il l b e id e n ti fi e d 9. In te ll e c tu a l P ro p e rt y R ig h t (T PR ) w il l b e e s ta b li s h e d th ro u g h m o rp h o m o le c u la r c h a ra c te ri z a ti o n o f g e rm p la s m F is h e ri e s a n d 1. T u rt le E x c lu d e r D e v ic e (T E D ) in fi s h in g 1. Im p ro v e m e n t o f th e e x is ti n g 4, 6, 7, 9 1. S u s ta in a b le e x p lo it a ti o n o f L iv e s to c k 2. A tt a c h in g tr a c k in g d e v ic e to d e e p s e a fi s h in g fi s h la n d in g c e n tr e s an d in la n d w a te r a n d m a ri n e b o a ts o r tr a w le rs in c re a s e th e fa c il it y w it h th e re s o u rc e s 3. M o d e ls to jd e n ti fS ’ w h a t w o u ld b e th e e s ti m a ti o n o f th e fi sh a n d 2. C re a te o p ti o n s fo r a lt e rn a ti v e s u s ta in a b le e x p lo it a ti o n o f fi s h an d fi s h e ri e s fi s h e ri e s h a rv e s t fr o m in la n d li v e li h o o d in c o m e s o u rc e s to re s o u rc e s a n d c o a s ta l m a ri n e a re a le s s e n th e p re s s u re o n in la n d 4. Im p ro v e d fi s h a n d fi s h e ri e s fa rm in g 2. A u th o ri ta ti v e b o d y to k e e p a n d m ar in e re s o u rc e s te c h n o lo g ie s in fr e s h w a te r, es tu ar y a n d m a ri n e tr a c k o f th e in tr o d u c ti o n o f 3. M e e ti n g th e d e m a n d o f 0 0 P ri o ri ti z e d T ec h n o lo g ie s R el ev an t S ec to r . N at io n al E x p ec te d R es u lt s B as ic T ec h n o lo g ie s A ss o ci at ed Is su es T ar g et s w a te r re s o u rc e s a n d e n h a n c e m a la c o c u lt u re n e w b re e d o r c ro s s in fi sh er ie s p ro te in 5 . T e s ti n g k it /d e v ic e to m e a s u re w a te r q u a li ty an d li v e s to c k s e c to r 4. E m p lo y m e n t o p p o rt u n it ie s fo r • 6 . M o d e ls an d s o ft w a re to p re d ic t th e fi s h e ri e s 3. Id e n ti fi c a ti o n o f m o re w o m e n b o th m e n a n d w o m e n s to c k fo r fu tu re fr ie n d ly fi s h e ri e s c u lt u re (e .g . 5. E n g a g e m e n t o f w o m e n a s 7. T e s ti n g to o ls fo r fa rm e rs to e x a m in e a n d c a g e c u lt u re ) b re a d w in n e r id e n ti fy th e in fe c ti o u s d is e a s e in th e fi s h e ri e s 4. L o o k fo r m o re e c o n o m ic a ll y a n d li v e s to c k a n d e n v ir o n m e n ta ll y 8 . D e v e lo p a n a p p s d e ta il in g e v e ry bi t o f s u s ta in a b le fa rm in g o f fi s h e ri e s in fo rm a ti o n o n D h a k a N a ti o n a l Z o o a n d li v e s to c k 5. T e c h n ic a l tr a in in g o n th e p re p a ra ti o n o f e x p o rt a b le g o o d s fr o m fi s h e ri e s s e c to r 6 . T e c h n ic a l tr a in in g o n id e n ti fy in g th e n o n n a ti v e o r a li e n s p e c ie s T o u ri sm 1. U s e o f s e p a ra te w e b p a g e o r p o rt a l to e s ta b li s h 1. U s e th e o n li n e p la tf o rm s to 1 1. N a tu re b a s e d to u ri s m th e p ro te c te d a re a s an d sm al l fo re st s as th e p ro m o te th e s u s ta in a b le a n d d e v e lo p e d an d p a y m e n t fo r c e n tr e o f n a tu re b a s e d to u ri s m e n v ir o n m e n ta l fr ie n d ly e c o s y s te m s e rv ic e s o p ti o n to b e h a v io u r fr o m to u ri s ts im p ro v e b io d iv e rs it y c o n s e rv a ti o n P ri o ri ti ze d T ec h n o lo g ie s R el ev an t S ec to r N at io n al E x p ec te d R es u lt s B as ic T ec h n o lo g ie s A ss o ci at ed Is su es T ar g et s In fo rm a ti o n 2. E n su re us e o f ‘B an g ab an d h u S at el li te ’ an d 1. C it iz en sc ie n ce : cr ea ti ng an 1, 2, 5, 1. W id en th e sc o p e o f a n d o th e r fu tu re s a te ll it e fo r m a p p in g p u rp o se s o p ti o n lp la tf o rm fo r s c h o o l, 1 1 , 1 7 , in d e p e n d e n t re s e a rc h o n C o m m u n ic a ti 3. N a ti o n a l d a ta b a s e o r w e b p o rt a l o n th e s ta tu s , c o ll e g e an d u n iv er si ty s tu d e n ts 1 8 , 1 9 b io d iv e rs it y c o n s e rv a ti o n a n d o n v a lu e o f e x is ti n g b io d iv e rs it y in B a n g la d e s h in to v o lu n te e r, le a rn a n d o th e r re la te d fi e ld s o n T ec h n o lo g y a n in te ra c ti v e a n d e n g a g in g w a y , s e p a ra te d is s e m in a te k n o w le d g e b io d iv e rs it y (I C T ) p la tf o rm s fo r d if fe re n t a g e g ro u p s th ro u g h s u rv e y in g an d 2. P a rt ic ip a ti o n a n d e n g a g e m e n t 4. F re e o n li n e d a ta b a s e o f d if fe re n t s a te ll it e c o ll e c ti n g d a ta o n b io d iv e rs it y o f n o n e x p e rt s o r la y m a n o n im a g e s , fo c u s in g fo re s t c o v e r, e x te n t o f w a te r o f B a n g la d e s h b io d iv e rs it y re la te d d is c u s s io n b o d ie s , a n d la n d c o v e r, e tc . o r d ia lo g u e w o u ld b e 5. M a p o f B a n g la d e s h w it h an ex te n si o n fr om in cr ea se d w it h th e sh ar in g o f G o o g le p ro m o ti n g c it iz e n s c ie n c e o r p a ra o p e n a c c e s s in te rp re ta b le d a ta b io lo g is ts /p a ra e c o lo g is ts to in c o rp o ra te an y o r d a ta b a s e s ne w re co rd ed or id en ti fi ed sp ec ie s on ly w it h 3. C re at in g a b as el in e on th e g e o g ra p h ic a l c o o rd in a te s e x is ti n g b io d iv e rs it y in 6. In v e n to ry in g b io d iv e rs it y w it h b io in fo rm a ti c s B a n g la d e s h 7. C re a te a n o p e n a c c e s s s y s te m to s to ra g e la rg e 4. B u il d in g a sc o p e to as se ss or d a ta o f d if fe re n t c li m a ti c p a ra m e te rs , w e a th e r, c o m p a re th e s ta te o f et c. b io d iv er si ty in fu tu re 5. C re at in g u se fu l fo r b io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n G o 7. Resource Mobilization towards Implementation of NBSAP Bangladesh is a land of rich biodiversity due to its geographic location. The biodiversity of the country is facing continuous threat of loss due to mobilization of inadequate fmanciaL resources for biodiversity or ecosystem management. To prevent further loss of biodiversity, the county has to improve mobilization financial resources in an effective manner, as well as new and innovative mechanisms of financing should be in place towards management, research and development of biological resources. Although the government has established Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) in 2010 to support implementation of Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP), there is no dedicated fund in the budget headline on Biodiversity or towards implementation of NBSAP. After signing of CBD in 1992, Biod.iversity issue came up in the several planning document (Five Year Plans and PRSP) without allocation of specific financial resources. The seventh five year plan (2016-21) included implementation of NBSAP as an issue, but again no clear budget allocation is shown for this item. Bangladesh formulated the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) in 2004 and Biodiversity National Assessment and Program of Action 2020 (the Fourth National Report to CBD) in 2010. Although financial resource requirements were outlined in the latter, the first generation NBSAP did not included financial requirements. Biodiversity conservation or management related activities until now are carried out by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) budget or development partner supported budgets through Annual Development Plan (ADP) or non-ADP projects executed by the government and non-government agencies. The updated NBSAP formulation process looked at the existing mechanisms of financial resources flowing to biodiversity related activities. The status of financial resource allocation to the biodiversity related organizations have been analyzed towards understanding of the present scenario of budgets. The following section reveals a glimpse on the budgetary allocation by the government from fiscal year 2009-10 to 2015-16 for the activities those are directly or indirectly related to biodiversity. Data on resource allocations in the ADP were collected from the Planning Commission for the last seven fiscal years (July 2009- June 2016). Information on the biodiversity related projects taken with the support of BCCTF has also been collected and assessed. Data on non-development budget of two major organizations (DOE and BFD) have been collected and analyzed to see the trend in resource flow. Contribution of ODA in biodiversity conservation has also been collected and analyzed. The projects under ADP and BCCTF have been categorized in two types. The projects that have potential impacts on biodiversity conservation or have direct linkage with biodiversity conservation categorized as ‘biodiversity specific conservation projects’. In addition, some projects those might have positive impact on biodiversity has been categorized as mixed project. The lists of projects those were analyzed in this chapter are given in Annexure 2 and Annexure 3. An analysis of various categories of the biodiversity projects is depicted in the following sections. 83 7.1 Allocation in development budget (ADP) Allocations through biodiversity specific projects Over the years, a number of projects in the sectors of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Livestock have been implemented that specifically address biodiversity conservation and found to have potential impact over conservation of biodiversity. Specific biodiversity related projects are found to be implemented in crop, forestry, fisheries and livestock sub-sectors under agriculture sector. A total of 17860.8 million BDT was allocated in as a whole in ADP from fiscal year 2009-10 to 2015-16. Analysis on data showed an increasing trend of resource allocation for biodiversity conservation in the ADP with slight decrease in fiscal year year 2014-15 (3865.6 million BDT) followed by 2015-16, 2013-14, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2010-11 and 2009-10 (with 668.9 million BDT). Comparing allocation of 2009-10 to 2014-15 and 2015-16, an increase in growth, almost 5.6 and 5.4 times was observed respectively in resource allocation. An increase in ADP has been observed in fisheries sector. Other sectors like forestry, livestock and crop also showed an increasing trend with slight decrease in the fiscal year 20 15-16 but compared to 2009-10, a Figure 18 Contribution of resources under the ADP in differentpotential growth in resource sectors for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh allocation was observed in all sectors (Figure 18). Tn this analysis on biodiversity specific projects, the highest resource allocation was found in forestry sector (10464.3 million BDT) followed by fisheries, crop and livestock sector (Figure 19). 4500 -- -- — 4000 0500 0000 2500 - -— -(rop —For,--,lr, 2000 ——-Li todr roui 1000 500 000910 0010-11 2011-12 2012-13 0013-14 201 1-15 2015-lb Piscal year Figure 17 Fiscal year-wise resource allocation inADP for different sectors relevant to biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh 20 15-16 (Figure 17). Resource allocation was highest in fiscal a (:101) a Forestr, m Fisheries a Livestock 84 Allocations through mixed projects in ADP Some projects have been taken for addressing different — objectives but might have positive impacts over conservation of biodiversity were categorized as mixed project. In one hand, it has been found that some projects have been approved in ADP under subsectors of agriculture sector namely crop, fisheries and livestock might have positive impact over biodiversity 11 conservation and have been — categorized as mixed project. On -. 1’1 IO H -12 2i1 12 fl1212 ‘24-H 2i l the other hand, some projects under irrigation, water resources, physical planning, water supply Figure 19 Fiscal year-wise resource allocation in mixed projrct and housing and rural under ADP for different sectors in Bangladesh development found to have contribution for conserving biodiversity were considered mixed projects because these were taken for fulfilling other objectives like developing irrigation facility, beautification, enhance production of native, hybrid and HYV species of crop, fish, etc. A high level of fluctuation in resource allocation was observed in fiscal year to fiscal years. A total of 36142 million BDT was allocated in different sectors during 2009-10 to 2015-16. Allocation was highest in fiscal year of 2012-13 (6567.4 million BDT) followed by 2011-12, 2010-11, 2009-10, 2015-16, 2014-15 and 2013-14. Among the mixed projects, higher resource allocation was found in Physical Planning, Water Supply and Housing sector followed by Water Resources, Irrigation, Crop, Rural Development, and Fisheries and Livestock. Increasing trend in resource allocation was observed in crop and irrigation sector. A decreasing trend was observed in Physical Planning, Water Supply and Housing, and Rural Development, Water Resource and Livestock sector. Increasing trend in resource allocation was found in fisheries sector with slight decrease in fiscal year 20 15-16 (Figure 19). The fluctuation was due to the allocation of mega projects of physical planning, water supply and housing and water resource sector. Two mega projects (Begunbari and Hatir Theel Lake Development and Gulshan-Baridhara-Banani Lake Development) were taken for the purpose of wetland restoration and rain water retention which might have positive effect on conservation of urban environment and aquatic resources. In case of mixed projects, it was difficult to segregate the portion of money exclusively allocated for biodiversity conservation. Because the detailed evaluation and analysis of the project component needs rigorous interviewing of the respective project authority, this was not accomplished under this study. 85 7.2 Allocation in non-development budget for biodiversity conservation Resource allocation by the government for accelerating departmental activities in non-development budget of pioneer organizations for biodiversity conservation, namely, Bangladesh Forest Department and Department of Environment under the Ministry of Environment and Forests showed an increasing trend (Figure 20). It has been found that the non development budget of Bangladesh Forest Department and Department of Environment increased by 2 and 3.19 times, respectively, from the fiscal year 2009-10 to 20 15 16 that indicates positive approach of the Government of Bangladesh towards enhancing capacity of this two Figure 20 Year wise non-development budget allocation organizations working on conservation of biodiversity. 7.3 Allocation in Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund for conservation of biodiversity Good numbers of projects have been implemented by different organization with fund from Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) from fiscal year 2009-10 to 2015-16. Some of these projects have been taken to conserve biodiversity those are categorized as specific biodiversity conservation project. Some projects have been implemented to address climate change but those have potential impact over biodiversity conservation and those are categorized as mixed projects Allocation of BCCTF resources for specifically biodiversity conservation Twenty projects have been found those were implemented for biodiversity conservation under BCCTF. A total of 2137.97 million BDT was allocated to implement these projects. There is a decreasing trend of resource allocation found from fiscal year 2009-10 to 2014 15 which is increased in 2015-16. Highest resource allocation was observed in the fiscal year 2009-10 (694.02 million BDT) followed by I Q a 5000 25fl0 2000 1500 1000 00 2005-10 2010-11 1011-12 1012-li 201 0-14 1014-B 1015-16 decal year Forestlejiar tflieflt —.. —Oepai Intent of Eii-ironntcnt 000 700 --- ::, / / 4)01116 1124011) .2500 0- \ -‘ - / / -*1-Aixedplojet t 200 /- 100 / 2009-102010-112011-122fl12-142015-142014-152015-16 FIscal year Figure 21 Fiscal year-wise resource allocation in specific and mixed projrcts under BCCTF for biodiversity conservation 2010-11, 2012-13, 2015-16, 2011-12 and 2014-15 (Figure 21). Addressing climate change adaptation 86 and mitigation aspects are the priority of the BCCTF and that might be reason behind decrease of fund for biodiversity conservation over the year. BCCTF approved 30,000 million BDT (BCCTF 2016) from the fiscal year 2009-10 to 2015-16 to combat climate change and 7% of that fund used in projects that specifically addressed biodiversity conservation. Allocation ofBCCTF resources through mixed project From BCCTF, fund has been allocated for 28 more projects those might have potential impact over biodiversity conservation. These projects were mainly taken to reduce impact of climate change through re-excavating canals, promoting measures to reduce fuel wood consumption, varietal development etc. Re-excavation of canals will promote water flow and that seem to enhance crop diversification and fish biodiversity. The projects related to reduce fuel wood consumption, may reduce dependency of people over forest resources and varietal development will enhance crop diversification. In case of BCCTF, a decreasing trend was observed with high level of fluctuation in resource allocation from fiscal year 2009-10 to 2015-16. Total 2469.62 million BDT allocated for implementing these 28 projects, but it is difficult to segregate exactly how much money has been allocated for biodiversity conservation. Highest allocation was found in the fiscal year 20 10-1 1 (634.33 million BDT) followed by 2012-13, 2013-14, 2011-12, 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2009-10 (Figure 21). 7.4 Biodiversity Flu iucig in ODA Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) coined the term Official development assistance (ODA) through its Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in order to measure aid flows globally. After DAC first used the 25 term ODA in 1969, it has been widely used as an :: under the broader umbrella / of ODA in Bangladesh. Fewer still, fall directly or indirectly, under the umbrella of biodiversity— I r V 1 :uIrss: related ODA. Since the V Figure 22 Per-capita ODA flow to Bangladesh since 1971. (Source: OECD, DAC beginning of Bangladesh (in statistics. http://stats.oecd.org/lndexaspx?DataSetCode=DACGEO) 1971) there has been a slow and inconsistent rise in the ODA received by the country as shown by the Figure 22. 87 Figure-23 depicts the per capita ODA value received by Bangladesh in current USD prices. The two jumps on the ODA received in 1975 and 1990 may be due to a response mechanism following the great Bengal Famine (1970-1973) and the great flood of 1988 respectively. Since then, majority Other 60%of ODA has been used for ‘ .. Indnnesa 2% infrastructural projects like . :- Tt.rkey, 2% building bridges, roads, water - Bangladesh, 2% constructions and the like. OECD \Morocco, 2% reports suggest that, since 2004- \ 06, the total Biodiversity-related Kenya, 1% P00U ODA for Asia has fallen while that of South America rose Figure 23 Top 10 recipients of total biodiversity-related OD 2007-12 considerably (from 225 million USD to 1 billion by 2010-2012 per annum). During the 2007 to 2012 period, Bangladesh received only 2 % of biodiversity-related ODA (OECD 2014). However, it also reports that considerably larger shares of biodiversity-related aid are “unspecified”. “Unspecified” covers aid that is not earmarked to a country, region or income group, but rather contributes to biodiversity-related funds and programs managed by development co-operation agencies, international organizations, NGOs and research institutions (OECD 2014). Tn link to that, since 2005 the total Net ODA that Bangladesh received according to the World Bank, has been in the graph of Figure 24. From Bangladesh’s point of view, a number of these unspecified ODAs could be captured throbg various projects that have some relations with biodiversity. USAID NISHORGO, IPAC and CREL, Ecosystems for Life: A Bangladesh-India Initiative, SRCWP, ECOFISH BD Projects are good examples of this relationships. However, some of these projects are calculated in Annual Development Plan (ADP) (e.g. SRCWP, IPAC and CREL). It is clear that, ODA is indeed an important contribution in the overall economic development. However, the overall resource and budget that the biodiversity sector requires makes the case for a more strategic initiative towards 1600 1200 1000 800 600 800 200 1005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2018 2012 —I--— NOtODA Co,rentUSSl (668004 (Cs,Tenl 18S1() Figure 24 Net ODA flow to Bangladesh, 2005-20 14 (in million USD current prices) (Data source: World Bank, web at: hnp://data.worldbank.org/indicatoriflT.ODA.ODAT.PC.ZS?locafions=BD), 88 securing finances for biodiversity-related ODA utilization. In order to do that, a greater effort in terms of mainstreaming biodiversity in all sectoral activities needs to be in place and a so called “market” needs to be convincingly created to attract biodiversity-related ODA as happened in the South American case. 7.5 Financial Resources needed for implementing BSAP Effective management and conservation of ecosystem as well as biodiversity need proper flow of resources to carry out a set of planned activities in lieu with international commitment. As a signatory and party to CBD, Government of Bangladesh is committed to work forward for biodiversity conservation. Table 7.1 sununarize resource need for biodiversity conservation in the light of Aichi Biodiversity Targets 2020 and proposed National Biodiversity Targets of Bangladesh. On the other hand table 7.2 summarises probable sources of fund of resources. Success of Implementation of NBSAP will be dependent on mobilization of adequate financial resources for taking up the activities chalked-out in Table-14 of Chapter 5 that has included an indicative budget estimated for each of the activities under the national targets of NB SAP and a total of 18329.00 million BDT is estimated to be required for the implementation of NBSAP. 7.6 Possible Sources of Fwidin There are opportunities for international and domestic funding which can be exploited by the biodiversity related government or non-government organizations in collaboration with relevant development partners. In addition funds may be created through voluntary and mandatory funds, advertisement, fines and levies, CSR, innovative funds, biodiversity-based lotteries (Table 17). Table 17 Possible Sources of Funds for implementation of NBSAP Type of Fund Description of Source Relevant Fund Channelizing ministry/departments /organization Direct Core Government of Bangladesh MoF Funding Non-Core Trust Fund, Jolmohal Leasing, Fish harvest MoSW, MoWR, Funding MoLF, MoF Indirect Regional and Global Forum Fund, Scientific and INGO, Development Peripheral development initiative, Carbon trading partners, etc. Development Grant, Aid, Loan World Bank, ADB, Partners GEF, UNDP, INGOs Private Sector CSR (Bank, Multinational company etc), donation MoF, BB INGO Research Grant, Training and Education INGOs, Charity Green Tax Polluter Pays Principle should be applied and extra tax MoF, MoEF, MoFL to be imposed on the polluting industries or products Reform Reduce or remove subsidies that adverse impacts on MoA subsidies biodiversity, such as, on fertilizers, and increase subsidies that have beneficial impacts on ecosystems. Shifting certain portion of subsidies from chemical fertilizer into organic fertilizer could be taken into account 89 Type of Fund Description of Source Relevant Fund Channelizing ministry/departments /organization Voluntary and Develop voluntary fees (such as hotel or tourism fee) MoCA&T mandatory fees that allows individuals to contribute to sustainable management, and develop mandatory fees (such as airport departure fees) that can be directed toward sustainable management Advertisement Wildlife Logo patent rights Mol Fines and levies Pollution abatement damage recovery cost DoE Ecosystem Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), Nature based MoF, MoCAT Services tourism Game Government owned lakes, ponds etc can be used for MoF, MoWR, MoFL fishing/water game fish games Export In case natural resources like sand, Export tax can be Ministry of Commerce earned while export Biodiversity- Periodic lotteries MoF based Lotteries 7.7 Constraints, (aps and Challenges for Fund Raising Effective, efficient and dynamic mobilization of resources for conservation of biodiversity is crucial. The understanding of policy makers on the value of the services of ecosystem and biodiversity is still a challenge. Eecosystem and biodiversity conservation aspects are although included in the development plans no dedicated or stand alone resource allocation for biodiversity is in place. Change in mind-set of all planners to address biodiversity related issues in their sectoral development plans and projects still remain a challenge. Placing of lucrative ideas to the development partners with the capacity of negotiation skill is still a challenge and resulted in less amount of resource mobilization. Strong public and private partnership in the field of biodiversity conservation and paying for ecosystem services do not exist strongly in place. Effective mobilization of resources is crucial towards NBSAP implementation and attaining the related SDG targets. Willingness of the government, as well as development partners to increase allocation for biodiversity conservation will be important factor towards mobilization of resources for implementation of NBSAP. Change in mind-set of all planners and policy makers with regard to importance of biodiversity still remain a challenge. Proper negotiation with and placing of lucrative project ideas to development partners towards funding is still suffering from inadequate number of skilled and enthusiastic officials. Constraints of technical knowledge on project preparation and managerial skill of project execution should also be taken into account. Public and private partnership in the field of does not exist strongly in place. Willingness of private entrepreneurs to allocate money for biodiversity conservation would also be important towards NBSAP implementation. Conservation of biodiversity needs integrated efforts from all sectors interacting with natural resources and therefore, priority of biodiversity issues need to be incorporated in sectoral policies and legislations that is still a challenge and narrowing down the scope for allocating resources for biodiversity by different sectors. 90 8. Coordination, Monitoring and Reporting of NBSAP 81 Coordination, monitoring and reporting Coordination among stakeholders including implementing agencies, as well as monitoring and reporting of the activities are important for the effective implementation of NBSAP. A total of 50 activities under 20 national targets have been set through a series of consultations ensuring participation of multi-stakeholder. The updated NBSAP proposes that these activities will be implemented by the lead ministries/agencies with other associated ministries/agencies. Activities will be monitored and evaluated by the respective ministry and various biodiversity committees to be constituted under Bangladesh Biological Diversity Act. The National Committee on Biodiversity would oversee the progress of implementation periodically with strong engagement of all the stakeholders. Monitoring and reporting of the progress of activities under each of the 20 national targets set in the updated NB SAP will be periodically done by the National Committee on Biodiversity. Department of Environment will provide all kind of technical and secretarial support to the National Committee on Biodiversity. The monitoring issues include follow up of any changes in base-line data of biodiversity, assess periodic progress of NBSAP implementation, review monitoring indicators, produce national report to the CBD Secretariat and prepare updated information on progress of NB SAP. 8.2 Communication and Outreach Strategy Developing holistic communication, extension, motivation and outreach activities will be important to create awareness about biodiversity as part of implementing updated NBSAP. This section depicts various key elements to be used in creating awareness about biodiversity related issues (Table 18). Table 18 Communication, extension and outreach strategies for awareness on biodiversity Strategy How to frame the process Expected Output Ministry/Orga nization Dissemination of • Adoption of NBSAP as • Awareness build-up • MoEF/DOE NBSAP documents National document Publicity through • Articles • Awareness build-up • MoEF/DOE/ print and electronic • Supplementary BFD/DOF media • Talk-show . Documentary . Folks Educational • Develop or Update • Students will be aware • MOE/NCTB curriculum Biodiversity related curriculum for Secondary and Higher level students Social • Facebook, Twitter • Awareness build-up • Post and communication • SMS/E-mail Telecommuni through internet and cations mobile phone Division/Mob ile operators Training • Government and Non • People will be • Training 91 Strategy How to frame the process J Expected Output Ministry/Orga nization Government Officials educated and skilled institutions . Community/Religious leaders Promoting eco- . Ensure tourism with • Nature based tourism • Bangladesh tourism minimum disturbance further flourished Parjaton to biodiversity and eco- Corporation / friendly behavior of the Private tour tourist operators Dissemination of • Scientific publication • Policy makers will be • Ministry of research findings • Seminar aware & take Environment • Symposium necessary steps for and Forests Biodiversity conservation Message • Brochure • Awareness, • MoEF/DOE/B dissemination • Festoons understanding and FD!DOF through promotional • Posters appreciation of materials • Billboard Biodiversity developed Clearing House • Establishment and • Share biodiversity • Department Mechanism operationalization related information of Environment Enforcement of • Committee formation • Awareness build-up • MoEF Biological Diversity from national level to and Biodiversity Act grass-roots level conservation 8.3 Bangladesh CIcarin house Mechanism (BDCIIM) The Bangladesh Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) is web based platform to provide update on the biodiversity related information of the country. This is established as per the article 18.3 of the Convention to facilitate and promote technical and scientific co-operation. In addition, the CHM will facilitate access to information on the status of biodiversity and biodiversity management initiative in Bangladesh. It will contribute to the dissemination of biodiversity related programme and raising public awareness. DoE will be administering the operation and maintenance of the BCHM web-based database. The following information will be available in the BDCHM web site: • Biodiversity National Assessment Report • NBSAP • CBD thematic issues • CBD cross-cutting issues • Biodiversity related committee report • Budget allocation for Biodiversity/Biodiversity related programme! project • Scientific Journal! technical report • Status of biodiversity (floral and faunal data, Red list etc) • Protected Areas! ECAs management status • Institutional capacity and capacity needs Beyond CBD, CHM will also be linked and inter-connected with the biodiversity related other conventions like Convention on Wetlands of International Importance or the Ramsar Convention, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, etc. 92 9. Concluding Remarks Bangladesh is facing pressure of degradation of genetic, species, ecosystem diversity. The diverse ecosystems of the country and the bounty of nature is getting fragile day-after-day. The increasing population of Bangladesh continues to put pressure on existing natural resources resulting over exploitation. Although, the government has taken initiatives towards conserving biodiversity with its scarce resources, more efforts should obviously be taken to halt further degradation. Implementation of updated NBSAP would pave the way towards maintaining the rich biodiversity of the country. The task should ensure effective engagement of the all stakeholders as well as the development partners. Mainstreaming of NBSAP in all the relevant sectors would be the prime work that needs urgent and immediate attention to be initiated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the Department of Environment. There are enormous challenges ahead towards building financial and technical capacities of the implementing agencies, accomplishment of the valuation of goods and services of ecosystems and incorporation of the values into the national accounting system and monitoring of the activities towards achieving national targets. Although it is a challenging task to implement NBSAP, but it is once again a great opportunity for the country to move forwards for halting the loss of biodiversity and keeping the country enriched with fresh water, staple crops, delicious fruits and grains, fisheries resources and fresh air around us. By implementing the targets within the timeframe, the country can contribute a lot to fulfill the vision of living in harmony with the nature by 2050 and achieving the SDGs in 2030. 93 References Ara H and Khan B (eds.) 2015. Bulletin of the Bangladesh National Herbarium, 4. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, p. 96. Ara H, Khan B and Uddin SN (eds.) 2013. Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh, 2. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, p. 280. Banglapedia 2015. Banglapedia: Bangladesh and the world. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Dhaka. BA.RC 1999. Land Degradation Situation in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka. Bardgett RD 2005. 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Trend in the availability of agricultural land in Bangladesh, SRDI, Bangladesh Trutnau L and Sommerlad R 2006. Crocodilians. Their natural history & captive husbandry. First edition. Edition chimaera Frankfurt am main2006, Andreas S. Brahm. Germany, 308-354. OECD, 2014. Aid to Biodiversity, OECD DAC Statistics. Web at:https:// www.oecd.org/dac/environmentdevelopment/Biodiversity-related%20aid%20Flyer%20 %2OMay%202014.pdf (accessed on: 16 August, 2016) Ullah SM, Hossain MZ, Mahbuba I, Jahan S and Bashirullah M 2009. Extent of arsenic poisoning in the food chain of arsenic affected areas. The Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 18 (2): 159-171. Saifullah ASM, Kabir MH, Khatun A, Roy S and Sheilch MS 2012. Investigation of some water quality parameters of the Buriganga River. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 47 -52. TEEB 2010. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Ecological and Economic Foundations. Ecosystem services valuation. The Wageningen UR Library UNDP-UNEP PEI 2009. Mainstreaming poverty-environment linkages into development planning: A handbook for practitioners. UNDP-UNEP Poverty Environment Initiative: www.unpei.org WTTC 2014. The Economic Impact of Travel & Tourism 2014. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), Bangladesh.Online:http://www.wttc.org//medialfiles/reports/economic% 20impact%20researchlcountry%20reports/bangladesh201 4.pdf 97 Annexure Annex -1: List of Threatened Plant Species Table 1.1: Species not found for last 50 years or more than 50 years in Bangladesh SI. No. Botanical names Family I .4canthephzppium v1hetense Lindi. Orcbidaceae 2 Aechmantheraio,nentosaNees Acanthaceae 3. Aglaiaedulis (Roxb.) Wall. Meliaceae 4. .4langiumbarbatum (R. Br.) Baillon Alangiaceae 5. Alchornea tilifoIia (Benth.) MuelI.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae 6. Alismaplantago L. Alismataceae 7. .4lphonseaventricosa Hook. f. & Thom. Annonaceae 8. AmmanniaociandraL.f. Lythraceae 9. Ammannia verlicillata Lamk. Lythraceae 10. Anamirtacocculus Wight &Am Menispermceae 1 1. Ancistrocladuswalljchjj Planch. Ancistrocladaceae 12. Angelonia grandflora Morr. Scrophulariaceae 13. Apocopispaleacea (Trin.) Hochr. Poaceae 14. Archidendronjiringa Nielsen Mimosaceac 15. Ardisia icara Wall. & A. DC. Myrsinaceae 16. Aristida redacta Stapf Poaceae 17. Artabottyscaudatus Wall. Annonaceae 18. Arthrocnemum indicum Wilid. Chenopodiaceae 19. Aspidopterys nutans A. Juss. Malpighiaceae 20. Asystasiamacrocarpa Nees Acanthaceae 21. Balanostreblus ilic(folius Kurz Moraceae 22. Begonia laciniata Roxb. Begoniaceae 23. Begonia megaptera A. DC. Begoniaceae 24. Beilschmiediafagifolia Nees Lauraceae 25. Bla.ytus cochinchinensjs Lour. Melastomataceac 26. Brachiaria eruc/hnnisGrjaeb. Poaceae 27. Bromus himalaicus Stapf Poaccae 28. Broussonetiapapyrifera Herit. Moraceae 29. Buchanania lanc(,folia Roxb. Anacardiaceac 30. Caldesia oligococca Buchen. Alismataceae 31. Caldesia pornassfo1ia Parl. Alismataceae 32. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Brassicaceae 33. Care.r caespitita Nces Cyperaceae 34. CareyasphaericaRoxb. Lechythidaceae 35. Ceropegia macrantha Wight Asclepiadaceae 36. Chionanthus mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus Green Oleaceae 37. Chiritaoblongfolia B. L. Burtt Gesneriaceae 38. Cinnamamuin g1andulferum Meiss. Lauraceae 39. Cinnamainum glaucescens (Nees) Meiss. Lauraceae 40. Cinna,nomum paucjflorum Nees Lauraceae 41. CnidiummonnieriCusson Apiaceae 42. CodonacanthuspaucWorusNees Acanthaceae 43. CordiagrandisRoxb. Boraginaceae 44. Corymborkis veratrifolia Blume Orchidaceae 45. CrotalariamysorensisRoth Fabaceae 46. Crotalaria occulta Grab. Fabaceae 47. Curanga amara Juss. Scrophulariaceae 48. Cuscuta chinensis Lamic. Cuscutaceae 49. Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. Poaceae 50. Dendrobium ch,yseuni Rolfe Orchidaceae 51. Dendrobiu,n crepidatum Lindi. & Paxt. Orchidaceae 52. Dendrobiumformosum Roxb. Orchidaceae 53. Dendrobium litu(florum Lindi. Orchidaceae 98 SI. No. Botanical names Family 54. Dendrobjum ochreatum Lindi. Orchidaceae 55. Dendrobiumpodagraria Hook.f. Orchidaceae 56. Dendrobium transparens Wall. Orchidaceae 57. Dendrobium tuberiferum Hook.f. Orchidaceae 58. Derris tnonticola (Kurz) Pmin Fabaceae 59. Desmodiumdichotomum DC. Fabaceae 60. Didymocarpusmollis Wall. Gesneriaceae 61. Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb. Agavaceae 62. Elaeocarpus lucidus Roxb. Elaeocarpaceae 63. Elaeocarpus serralus L. Elaeocarpaceae 64. Endiandrafirma Nees Lauraceae 65. Engelhardtia spicata Lesch. var. acerifolia Koord Juglandiaceae 66. Eriachnepallescens R. Br. Poaceae 67. Eriobot,ya bengalensis Hook. f., Rosaceae 68. Eriocaulon luzulaefolium Mart. Ericaulaceae 69. Erythroxy!um kunthianum Wall. Erythroxylaceae 70. EulaliafastigiataHaines Poaceae 71. Eulaliopsis binata Hubb. Poaceae 72. Eulophia herbacea Lindi. Orchidaceae 73. Euphorbiafusformis Buch.-Ham. Euphorbiaceae 74. Fagraea ceilanica Thunb. Loganiaceae 75. Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq. Moraccac 76. Ficus conglobata King Moraceae 77. Ficus crininervia Miq. Moraceae 78. Ficus glaberrima Blume Moraceae 79. Ficus oligodon Miq. Moraceae 80. Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. Moraceae 81. Fjcus subulata Blume - Moraceae 82. Fimbristylis scaberrima Nees Cyperaceae 83. Gardneriaovata Wall. Loganiaceae 84. Gonatanthus pumilus Engler & Krause Araceae 85. GymnostachyumlisteriPrain Acanthaceae 86. Habenariafurcfera Lindi. Orchidaceae 87. Habenaria longifolia Buch.-Ham. Orchidaceae 88. Habenaria marginata Coleb. Orchidaceae 89. Habenaria plantaginea Lindi. Orchidaceae 90. Habenaria viridflora (Sw.) R. Br. Orchidaceae 91. Hedyotis brunonis Merr. Rubiaceae 92. Hedyotis insularis Deb & Dutta Rubiaccae 93. Hedyotis lineata Roxb. Rubiaceae 94. Hedyotis pseudocorymbosa Bakh. f. Rubiaceae 95. Hedyotis thomsoni Hook. f. Rubiaceae 96. Hcdyotis uncinella Hook. & Am. Rubiaceae 97. - He!jcia excelsa (Roxb.) Blume Proteaceae 98. Hemicyclia venusta Thw. Euphorbiaceae 99. Heynea tr(juga Sims Meliaceae 100. Homa!ium nepalense Benth. Flacourtiaceae 101. Homalomenapendula Bakh.f. Araceae 102. IodeshookerianaBaill. lcacinaceae 103. Jades thomsoniana Baill. Icacinaceae 104. Ischaemum hirtum Hack. Poaceae 105. Ischaemum semisagittatum Roxb. Poaceae 106. [tora subsessilis Wall. Rubiaceae 107. Jasminum anostomonzans Wall. Oleaceae 108. Jasminum coarctatum Roxb. Oleaceae 109. Jasminum laur(fblium Roxb. Oleaceae 1 10. Jasminum listen King Oleaceae 1 1 1. Jasininum listen King Oleaceae 99 SI. No. Botanical names Family 112. .Iusm,num subtriv1inen’e Blume Oleaceae 113. ./usricuoreophila C. B. Clarke Acanthaceae 1 14. Justiciapunduana Wall. Acanthaceae 1 15. Lagenandra gomezii Bogner & Jacob. Araceae I 16. Lasianthus inodorus Blume Rubiaceae I I7. Lasianthus rigidus Miq. Rubiaceae I II. Lepionurus sylvestris Blume Opiliaceae 1 19. Limnophila erecra Benth. Scrophulariaceae 120. Limnophila roxburghii G. Don Scrophulariaceae 121. Lindera reticulata (Nees) Benth. Lauraceae 122. Lindernia micran the D. Don Serophulariaceae 123. Litsea angusrifolia Wall. Lauraceae 124. Litsea laeta Wall. ex Nees Lauraceae 125. Litsealancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Hook. Lauraceae 126. Lirseasemecarpfolia Hook. f., Lauraceae 127. Loeseneriella niacrantha (Korth.) A. C. Smith Hippocrataceae 128. Luisia volucris Lindi. Orchidaceae 129. Lysimachiajaponica Biwne Proteaceae 130. lYfaclurafruticosa (Roxb.) Corner Moraceae 131. Macroprilium lathyroides var. sernierecturn (L.) Urban Fabaceae 132. Mastixia macrophylla (Thw.) Kosterrn. Cornaceae 133. Melastan,aimbricatum Wall. Melastornataceae 134. Memecylon cerasforme Kurz Melastornataceae 135. Memecylon paucflorum Blume, Melastornataceae 136. Meriandra bengalensis Benth. Lamiaceae 137. Mimulus strictus Benth Scrophulariaceac 138. Miirasacmealsinoides R. Br. Loganiaceae 139. Mitrephoratomentosa Hook. f. & Thorn. Annonaceae 140. Myrica nagi Thunb. Myricaceae 141. Myrioneuron clarkei Hook. f. Rubiaceae 142. NesaeabrevipesKoebne Lythraceae 143. ?‘/ymphoides parvifolium Kunize Menyanthaceae 144. Oberonia gammiei King & Panti. Orchidaceae 145. Oberonia wallichii Hook. f. Orchidaceae 146. Olax scandens Roxb. Oleaceae 147. Olea gamblei C. B. Clarke Oleaceae 148. Oryza latzfolia Desv. Poaceae 149. Osbeclciachinensis L. Melastornataceae 150. Osbeckia stellata Buch.-Harn. Melastornataceae 151. Osbeckiatruncata D. Don Melastornataceae 152. Pachystomapubescens Blume Orehidaceae 153. Paracalyxscariosus (Roxb.) Mi Fabaceae 154. Peristrophe fera C. B. Clarke Acanthaceae 155. Persea garnblei Kosterm. Lauraceae 156. Persea-villosa (Roxb.) Kosterrn. Lauraceae 157. Persicaria macrantha Haraldson Polygonaceae 158. Peucedanumdhana A. Ham. Apiaceae 159. Phaius nanus Hook. f. Orchidaceae 160. Photinia arguta Lindl. Rosaceae 161. Phyllanthuspendulus Roxb. Euphorbiaceae 162. Pimpinella heyneana (DC.) Benth. Apiaceae 163. Piper hamiltonii C. DC. Piperaceae 164. Plesmonium margaritferum Schott Araceae 165. Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blurne) Merr. Cecropiaceae 166. Polyalthiajenkinsii Hook. f. &Thorn. Annonaceae 167. Polycarpaea corymbosa Larnk. Caryophyllaceae 168. Polygala longifolia Poir. Polygalaceae 169. Polytoca digitara (L. f.) Druce Poaceae 100 SI. No. Botanical names Family 1 70. Pomatocalpa undulatum Tang & Wang Orchidaceae 171. Potentilla supina L. Rosaceae 172. Premna micrantha Schauer Verberiaceae 173. Pseudosorghumfasciculare Camus Poaceae 174. Psilanrhusfragrans Leroy Rubiaceae 175. Psvchotria heferiana Kurz Rubiaceae 176. Psychotria sphaerocarpa Wall Rubiaceae 177. Rhaphidophora affinis Schott Araceae 178. Rhaphidophora calophyllym Schott Araceae 179. Rhinacanthus calcarats Nees Acanthaceae 1 80. RhynchosiabracteataBenth. Fabaceae 181. RhynchosiarothiiBenth. Fabaceae 182. Rhynchosia viscosa DC. Fabaceae 183. Rorippa benghalensis (DC.) Hara Brassicaceae 184. Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. Brassicaceae 1 85. Rotalasimpliciuscula (S. Kurz) Koehue Lythraceae 186. RotalasubrotundaKoehne Lythraceae 187. Saccolabium cephalotes Hook. f. Orchidaceae 188. Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Chenopodiaceae 1 89. Sauropusbaccformis Airy Shaw Euphorbiaceac 190. Schoenorchis gemmata Sm. Orchidaceae 191. Smilasferox Wall. Smilacaceae 192. Smilax oxyphylla Wall. Smilacaceae 193. Sopubia .clricta Baker Scrophulariaceae 194. Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames Orchidaceae 195. Staurogyne angustifolia Anders. Acanthaceae 196. Streptocaulon sylvestre Wight & Am. Asclepiadaceae 197. Striga angustfolia Saldanha Scrophulariaceae 198. Striga asiatica (L.) 0. Kuntze Scrophulariaceae 199. Strobilanthesisophyllus Anders. Acanthaceae 200. Strobilanthesmacrostegius Clarke Acanthaceae 201. Strobilanthespanichanga Anders. Acanthaceae 202. StrobilanthesphyllostachyusKurz Acanthaceae 203. StrychnoswallichianaBenth. Loganiaceae 204. Stylidium kunthii Wall. Stylidiaceae 205. Syniplocos caudata Wall. Syniplocaceae 206. Tarenna disper,na (Hook. f.) Pitard Rubiaceae 207. Tarenna odorata (Roxb.) Robinson Rubiaceae 208. Tetraphyllumbengalense Clarke Gesneriaceae 209. Tetrastigina dubium Planch. Vitaceae 210. Toreniaflava Buch.-Ham. Scrophulariaeeae 211. Tournefortia candollii C. B. Clarke Boraginaceae 212. Trias oblonga Lindl. Orchidaceae 213. Triumfetta obliqua Roth Tiliaceae 214. Uncaria canescens Korth. Rubiaceae 215. Uncaria homomalla Miq. Rubiaceae 216. Vanda cristata Lindl., Gen. Orchidaceae 217. Vanilla parish ii Reichb.f. Orchidaceae 218. Ventilago denticulata WilId. Rhamnaceae 219. VignagrahamianaVerdc. Fabaceae 220. Vitis rub4folia Wall. Vitaceac 221. Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. Poaceae 222. Vrydagzynea viridiflora Hook. f. Orchidaceae 223. Wattakaka lanceolata (T. Cooke) Kerr Asclepiadaceae 224. Wendlandia paniculata (Roxb.) DC. Rubiaceae 225. Ziziphus glabrata Hevne Rhamnaeeae Source Encyclopedia ofFlora and Fauna ofBangladesh (Vol b-i 2) 101 Table 1.2: List of threatened landraces of different crops Sl.No. Crop Scientific name Threatened landraces. Area of cultivation name I Foxtail Setaria italica Kalo kaon Chittagong Hill Tracts millet 2 Finger Eleusine coracana Mania All over Bangladesh millet 3 Mungbean Vigna radiata Sonamug All over Bangladesh 4 Sesame Sesamum indicum Hafri til All over Bangladesh Brinjal Solanum melongena Laffa Mymensingh 5 Dohazari Chittagong Katakhore begun, All over Bangladesh Makra begun Jessore 6 Cauliflower B oleracea Boiltali Chitlagong var botrytis Tomato Solanum Patharkuchi Jessore 7 lycopersicum Guli Jessore Bira Gazipur 8 Stem Amaranthus sp. Amoina data All over Bangladesh amaranth 9 Broad leaf Brassicajuncia Lia shak Chittagong Hill Tracts mustard 10 Mango Mangfera indica Bira, Nawabpasand, Rajshahi and Nawabganj Sukurkand, Kishanbhog, Gourjit, Bombai, Ranipasand, Mohanbhog. Deori Chittagong Kohitur Jessore 11 Water Citrullus lanatus Pagenga Chittagong melon Goalanda Rajbari 12 Banana Musa sapientum Amritsagar Munshiganj 13 Guava Psidium guajava Syedi peeyara All over Bangladesh 14 Lime Citrus aurantifolia Kagzi lime Pabna Rangpur lime Rangpur 15 Onion Allium cepa Faridpuri, Faridpur Thitka Manikganj 16 Rose Rosa chinensis Bengal rose, Iram rose All over Bangladesh 17 Rice Otyza sativa Almost all the landraces All over Bangladesh 18 Cotton Gossypium Hill cotton Chittagong Hill Tracts herbaceum 19 Sugarcane Saccharum Misrikanta offIcinarum Source: BARI, 2016, Personal Communication 102 Table 1.3: List of threatened crops SI. No English name Threatened crop Scientific name I Proso millet Cheena Panicum miliaceum 2 Sorghum Joar Sorghum bicolor 3 Barley Job Hordeurn vulgare 4 Buckwheat Dhemsi Fagopyrum esculen turn 5 Pigeon pea Arhar Cajanus cajan 6 Horse gram Kulti kalai Macrotylorna unflorum 7 Faba bean Bakia Viciafaba 8 Niger Guzi til Guizotia abyssinica 9 Castor Varenda Ricinus communis 10 Safflower Kusumful Carthamus tinctorius 1 1 Bazna Bazna Zanthoxylum rhetha 12 Cylinder amaranth Shaknoty Arnaranthus viridis 13 Thorny amaranth Katanoty Arnaranthus spinosus 14 Mallow Napa shak Malva verticillata 15 Wild teasle gourd Buno kakrol Momordica cochinchinensis 16 Roselle Chukur Hibiscus sabdar(ffa 17 Sorrel Tak Palong Hibiscus sabdarffa 18 Bullock’s heart Ata Annona reticulate 19 Custard apple Sharifa Annona squamosa 20 Hogplum Amra Spondiaspinnata 21 Jamun Jam Syzygium cumini 22 Pomegrante Dalim Pun ica granatum 23 Rose apple Golapjam SvzygiumJambos 24 Tamarind Tetul Tamarindus indica 25 Monkey jack Deoa Artocarpus lakoocha 26 Karanda Karomcha Carissa carandas 27 Cowa Caofal Garcinia cowa 28 Water chesnut Panifal Trapa bispinosa 29 Bilimbi Bilimbi Averrhoa bilimbi 30 Butter tiee Mahua Madhuca indica 31 Chebulic Horitoki Terminalia bellirica 32 Flacourtia Lukluky Flacourtiajangomas 33 Madagascar plum Boichi Neodypsis decaryi 34 River ebony Deshi gub Diospyros peregrine 35 Star goose berry Arboroy Phyllanthus distichus 36 Black current tree Khude jum Antidesma ghaesembilla 37 Wild mango Buno aam Mangfera sylvartica 38 Dephal Dephal Garcinia xanthochymus 39 Ajowan Join Trachyspermum ammi 40 Celery Randhuni Apiurn graveolens 41 Chuijhal Chuijhal Pepper chaba 42 Amada Amada Curcuma amada 43 Cardamom (large) Baro alach Atnomum subulaturn 44 Culantro Bilati dhonia Eryngiumfoetidum. 45 Dill Shulpha Peucedanum officinale 46 Yam bean Keshore alu Pachyrhizus erosus j 47 Silk cotton Semul tula Bombax malbariucm Source: BARI, 2016, Personal Communication 103 A n n e x 2 L is t o f B io d iv e rs it y R e la te d P ro je c ts o f d if fe re n t se c to rs u n d e r A D P T a b le 2 .1 : L is t o f sp e c if ic a ll y b io d iv e rs it y re la te d p ro je c ts u n d e r cr o p se c to r S e c to r S u b P ro je c t n am e A m e n d e d al lo ca ti o n (i n L a c B D T ) se c to r M in is tr y l 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 D ep ar tm en t A g ri cu lt u re C ro p R ic e v ar ie ty co n se rv at io n an d b re ed er se ed B R R I 26 0 3 4 0 24 0 23 0 0 0 0 p ro d u ct io n In te g ra te d p es t m an ag em en t D A E 0 5 3 0 90 6 80 0 0 0 0 S ec o n d cr op d iv er si fi ca ti o n p ro je ct D A E 0 31 0 13 00 2 3 8 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 4 2 0 0 P il o tp ro je ct fo rp ai m , da te an d G o lp at a B S R J 0 60 22 5 2 5 0 20 8 12 1 0 S af e fo o d p ro d u ct io n th ro ug h in te gr at ed D A E 0 0 0 0 27 8 10 28 21 31 p es t m an ag em en t T o ta l 2 6 0 1 2 4 0 2 6 7 1 3 6 6 0 5 4 8 6 6 1 8 9 6 3 3 1 T ab le 2. 2: L is t o f sp ec if ic al ly bi od iv er si ty re la te d pr oj ec ts un de r fo re st ry se ct o r S e c to r S u b P ro je c t n a m e M in is tr y / A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) se c to r d ep ar tm en t 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 20 15 1 6 A gr ic ul tu re F o re st ry R ee d la nd so ci al fo re st ry p ro je ct F D 15 1 40 1 0 0 0 0 0 B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n an d n at u ra l F D 11 4 51 27 0 0 0 0 en v ir o n m en ta l d ev el o p m en t o f g re at er Je ss o re E st ab li sh m en t o f b o ta n ic al g ar d en an d F D 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 ec o p ar k at S it ak ii n d a, C h it ta g o n g S u p p o rt fo r m an ag em en t o f S un da rb an ’s F D 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 re se rv e fo re st D ev el o p m en t an d ex te n si o n o f B an ga ba nd hu F D 19 1 24 1 0 10 0 6 5 0 96 3 13 78 S he il ch M u ji b sa fa ri pa rk , co x’ s b az ar S e c to r S u b P ro je c t n a m e M in is tr y / A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) se c to r d e p a rt m e n t 2 0 0 9 1 0 20 10 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 E st ab li sh m en t o f ec o p ar k at T il ag h ar an d F D 45 33 0 0 0 0 0 B o rs ij o ra E st ab li sh m en t o f D h an si ri ec op ar k an d F D 6 14 0 0 0 0 0 d ev el o p m en t o f ra m sa g ar N at io n al p ar k B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n an d d ev el o p m en t F D 20 9 18 2 0 0 0 0 0 o f b as k h al i u p az il a an d C h u n at i sa nc tu ar y E st ab li sh m en t o f ec o p ar k at M ad h ab k u n d a F D 25 8 21 5 0 0 0 0 0 A ff o re st a ti o n a td if fe re n th il ls o fC h it ta g o n g F D 38 4 61 9 66 7 57 1 0 0 0 n o rt h fo re st d iv is io n B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n an d p o v er ty F D 25 7 53 8 51 7 2 2 6 0 0 0 re d u ct io n th ro ug h g re at er R aj sh ah i an d K u sh ti a A ff o re st at io n at co as ta l ch ar la n d s F D 4 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 A ff o re st at io n fo r n at u ra l eq u il ib ri u m at B M D A 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B ar in d tr ac t S tr en g th en in g m o n it o ri n g , as se ss m en t & F D 8 0 0 0 0 0 re p o rt in g o f su st ai n ab le fo re st m an ag em en t in A si a C o as ta l & w et la n d B io d iv er si ty m an ag em en t D o E 88 7 39 8 0 0 0 0 0 at C o x s B az ar & H ak al uk i H ao r B io d iv er si ty ta rg et s n at io n al as se ss m en t D o E 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 p ro je ct C ap ac it y b u il d in g & re so u rc e m o b il iz at io n M o E F 25 5 13 9 73 0 0 0 0 fo r su st ai n ab le m an ag em en t (e co s y st em m an ag em en t) in B an g la d es h B an g ab an d h u S h ei k h M u ji b S af ar iP ar k , F D 0 40 53 12 25 5 2 8 0 0 3 5 0 0 40 75 3 1 0 0 G az ip u r S h ei k h R as el av ia ry & ec o p ar k , ra n g u n ia , F D 0 21 3 43 8 17 00 70 0 4 6 7 57 4 C h it ta g o n g In te g ra te d P ro te ct ed A re a C o m an ag em en t F D 0 19 76 91 8 61 0 0 0 0 S u n d ar b an s E n v ir o n m en t & li v el th o o d S ec u ri ty F D 0 39 3 2 9 4 0 2 9 0 0 4 1 5 8 3 5 6 0 0 C M in ia tr y/ d ep ar tm en t S ec to r S u b se ct o r P ro je c t n am e 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 A m en d ed al lo ca ti on (I n L ac B D T ) 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 P ro je ct pr ep ar at io n to w ar ds im pl em en ta ti on D o E 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 o f n at io n al b io sa fe ty fr am ew o rk C o m m u n it y b as ed su st ai n ab le m an ag em en t M o E F 0 61 2 42 9 51 9 55 3 55 0 4 7 5 o f T an g u ar h ao r p ro je ct R es to ra ti o n & co n se rv at io n o f b io d iv er si ty F D 0 0 40 8 59 8 24 4 0 0 in th e d en u d ed h il ls o f S it ak u n d a, M ir es w ar i, B as k h al i, In an i, B ar in d , D h am o ir h at sa l fo re st an d S h in g ra sa l fo re st S tr en g th en in g re g io n al co o p er at io n fo r F D 0 11 30 2 5 0 0 43 11 8 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 w il d li fe p ro te ct io n B io d iv er si ty co n se rv at io n an d ec o t o u ri sm F D 0 0 12 0 50 0 13 29 2 6 8 9 10 40 d ev el o p m en t in B an g la d es h S u st ai n ab le d ev el o p m en t & b io d iv er si ty F D 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 97 5 98 0 co n se rv at io n in co as ta l (p ro te ct io n ) fo re st (S D B C S u n d ar b an ’s ) U p d at in g & m ai n st re am in g o f n at io n al D o E 0 0 0 0 25 11 7 81 b io d iv er si ty st ra te g y & ac ti o n p la n fo r B an g la d es h Im p le m en ta ti o n o f N at io n al B io sa fe ty D o E 0 0 0 0 20 18 2 2 2 8 F ra m ew o rk E st ab li sh m en t o f b o ta n ic al g ar d en at L al m ai F D 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 H il ls A ff o re st ra ti o n in fi ve co as ta l d is tr ic ts F D 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 5 E co re st o ra ti o n o f th e n o rt h er n re g io n o f F D 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 B an g la d es h S u rv ey o f v as cu la r F lo ra C h it ta g o n g an d th e B N H 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 C h it ta g o n g H il l D is tr ic ts B en g al T ig er C o n se rv at io n A ct iv it y F D 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 9 0 T o ta l 3 9 1 2 1 0 0 9 6 19 92 2 13 02 4 1 8 0 9 0 2 1 5 7 8 18 02 1 T a b le 2 .3 : L is t o f sp ec if ic al ly b io d iv er si ty re la te d p ro je ct s u n d er fi sh er ie s se ct o r F is h H ab it at re st o ra ti o n o f o p en w et la n d s A g ri cu lt u re F is h er ie s A m en de d al lo ca ti on (i n L ac B D T ) S ec to r Su b— P ro je ct na m e M in is tr y / 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 se ct or d e p a rt m e n t D o F 29 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 C h al an B ed fi sh er ie s d ev el o p m en t D o F 11 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 p ro je ct R eg ai n in g n at u ra l b re ed in g g ro u n d o f D oF 10 0 19 7 33 5 24 0 15 1 0 0 fi sh at H al d a ri v er E st ab li sh m en t o f B ro o d b an k D o F 32 6 25 0 18 3 13 4 0 0 0 R es ea rc h fo r ja tk a co n se rv at io n an d D o F 49 1 93 3 80 3 22 6 37 3 18 17 0 M G id en ti fi ca ti o n fo r fi sh er m an Id en ti fi ca ti o n o f im p ac t on aq u at ic B F R I 55 58 8 21 8 10 6 60 7 51 3 36 3 en v ir o n m en t du e to us e o f dr ug s an d ch em ic al fo r fi sh cu lt u re W et la n d B io d iv er si ty re h ab ii ta ti o n D o F 11 65 7 81 0 13 80 13 55 10 52 11 09 P ro je ct S u p p o rt to su st ai n ab le m an ag em en t o f B F R I 20 34 30 30 25 0 0 th e B ay o f B en g al la rg e m ar in e ec o sy st em D ev el o p m en t an d m an ag em en t o f D oF 0 60 0 19 00 9 0 0 56 9 0 0 se le ct ed w et la n d an d co n se rv at io n o f n at iv e fi sh sp ec ie s S tr en g th en in g fi sh p ro d u ct io n , B F D C 0 18 2 53 0 44 7 69 6 58 9 75 co n se rv at io n & m an ag em en t o f k ap ta i la ke N u rs er y es ta b li sh m en t an d fm g er li n g D oF 0 0 0 0 10 14 67 2 8 0 0 re le as e in o p en w at er b o d y Im p ac t as se ss m en t o f U ps tr ea m w at er B F R I 0 0 0 0 0 13 8 62 w it h d ra w al to co n se rv e n at u ra l h ab it at o f m aj o r ca rp s in th e ri v er H al d a E st a b li sh m e n to fB ro o d b a n k 3 rd p h a se D oF 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 21 55 E n h an ce d co as ta l F is h er ie s (E C O F IS H ) D oF 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 45 T o ta l 2 3 9 4 3 4 4 1 4 8 0 9 3 4 6 3 3 7 8 6 5 8 2 6 8 2 0 9 T ab le 2 .4 : L is t o f sp ec if ic al ly b io d iv er si ty re la te d p ro je ct s u n d er fi sh er ie s se ct o r S ec to r S u b p ro je c t n am e M in is tr y ! A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) se ct o r d e p a rt m e n t 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 A g ri cu lt u re li v es to ck C o m m u n it y b as ed co n se rv at io n an d B L R I 19 8 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 d ev el o p m en t o f n at iv e sh ee p in co m m er ci al fa rm D ev el o p m en ta n d co n se rv at io n o fr ed B L R I 14 0 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 C h it ta g o n g ca tt le E st ab li sh m en t o f re g io n al d u ck D L S 0 0 4 8 6 14 00 2 6 8 2 3 7 2 6 3 5 5 0 b re ed in g fa rm w it h h at ch er y (3 rd p h as e) C o m m u n it y b as ed co n se rv at io n an d D L S 0 0 0 30 8 80 0 12 17 12 90 d ev el o p m en t o f n at iv e sh ee p in co m m er ci al fa rm (2 n d p h as e) C o n se rv at io n an d d ev el o p m en t o f B L R I 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 62 1 n at iv e co ck T o ta l 3 3 8 28 3 4 8 6 1 7 0 8 34 82 5 0 6 3 4 8 4 0 T ab le 2. 5 S um m ar y o f se ct or al al lo ca ti on (s pe ci fi ca ll y bi od iv er si ty re la te d pr oj ec t) fr om fi sc al ye ar 20 09 1 0 to 20 15 1 6 S ec to r A m en d ed b u d g et al lo ca ti o n (m il li o n B D T ) S ec to ra l to ta l 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 C ro p 26 12 4 26 7. 1 36 6 5 4 8 .6 61 8. 9 63 3. 1 2 5 8 3 .7 F o re st ry 3 9 1 .2 10 09 .6 19 92 .2 13 02 .4 18 09 2 1 5 7 .8 18 02 .1 10 46 4. 3 F is h er ie s 2 3 9 .4 34 4. 1 4 8 0 .9 34 6. 3 3 7 8 .6 5 8 2 .6 82 0. 9 3 1 9 2 .8 L iv es to ck 33 .8 28 .3 4 8 .6 17 0. 8 34 8. 2 50 6. 3 4 8 4 16 20 T o ta l 6 9 0 .4 15 06 2 7 8 8 .8 2 1 8 5 .5 3 0 8 4 .4 3 8 6 5 .6 37 40 .1 17 86 0. 8 A n n e x 3 : L is t o f m ix e d p ro je c ts o f d if fe re n t se c to rs u n d e r A D P T a b le 3 .1 L is t o f m ix e d p ro je c ts u n d e r cr o p se c to r S ec to r S u b P ro je c t n am e M in is tr y ! A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) se ct o r d e p a rt m e n t 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 f l 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 A g ri cu lt u re cr op S tr en g th en in g & ca p ac it y b u il d in g B R R I 0 2 6 0 94 16 3 0 0 0 o f b io te ch n o lo g y la b o ra to ry in B R R I P ro d u ct io n , co n se rv at io n an d 17 55 2 6 9 9 26 11 0 0 0 0 d is tr ib u ti o n o f ri ce , w h ea t an d ju te se ed at fa rm er le ve l P ro d u ct io n , co n se rv at io n an d B A R I 59 0 10 79 80 2 0 0 0 0 d is tr ib u ti o n o f pu ls e, oi l an d o n io n se ed at fa rm er le v el P ro d u ct io n , co n se rv at io n an d D A E 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 15 00 2 6 5 5 d is tr ib u ti o n o f ri ce , w h ea t an d ju te se ed at fa rm er le v el (2 n d p h as e) P ro d u ct io n , co n se rv at io n an d D A E 0 0 0 0 2 7 4 51 7 12 10 d is tr ib u ti o n o f pu ls e, o il , ga rl ic an d o n io n se ed at fa rm er le ve l (2 n d p h as e) Q u al it y se ed p ro d u ct io n o f R ic e, D A E 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 0 0 M ai ze an d w h ea t D ev el o p m en t an d se ed p ro d u ct io n B A R I 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 o f W h ea t an d m ai ze M ix ed fr u it cu lt iv at io n in re m o te C H T D B 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 ar ea s o f C h it ta g o n g H il l T ra ct s T o ta l 2 3 4 5 4 0 3 8 3 5 0 7 16 3 4 7 4 2 0 1 7 11 36 2 T a b le 3. 2 L is t o f m ix ed p ro je ct s u n d er fi sh er ie s se ct o r S ec to r S ub P ro je ct n am e M in is tr y / A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (i n la c B D T ) se ct o r d ep ar tm en t 20 09 1 0 2 0 1 0 4 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 — 15 20 15 1 6 A g ri cu lt u re F is h S tr u ct u ra l d ev el o p m en t o f D o F /L G E D 48 3 56 5 0 0 0 0 0 C o m il la fl o o o d p la in fo r fi sh cu lt u re G re at er P ab n af is h er ie s D oF 33 7 2 9 4 28 7 15 0 19 0 0 0 d ev el o p m en t p ro je ct F is h er ie s cu lt u re an d D oF 18 2 8 2 25 5 77 3 0 0 0 0 m an ag em en t in v ab o d ah a at Je ss o re A q u ac u lt u re an d fi sh er ie s D oF 0 0 50 2 0 0 55 9 10 59 0 m an ag em en t o f H u ra sa g ar F is h er ie s cu lt u re an d D oF 0 0 60 0 30 0 50 0 12 00 89 4 m an ag em en t in H ao r G re at er C o m il la fi sh er ie s D oF 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 50 d ev el o p m en t p ro je ct T o ta l 8 3 8 1 1 4 1 11 92 72 7 15 49 2 2 5 9 2 0 4 4 T a b le 3. 3 L is t o f m ix ed p ro je ct s u n d er li v es to ck se ct o r S ec to r S u b s ec to r P ro je ct n am e A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (I n L ac B D T ) M in is tr y / 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 .1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 d ep ar tm en t A g ri cu lt u re li v es to ck E x te n si o n o f ar ti fi ci al b re ed in g D L S 34 0 95 0 17 00 13 00 11 65 0 4 0 0 an d em b ry o re p la ce m en t p ro je ct (2 n d p h as e) T o ta l 3 4 0 95 0 17 00 1 3 0 0 1 1 6 5 0 4 0 0 T ab le 3 .4 L is t o f m ix ed p ro je ct s u n d er ir ri g at io n se ct o r S ec to r S ub s ec to r P ro je ct na m e M in is tr yl A m en de d al lo ca ti o n (I n L ac B D T ) D ep ar tm en t 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 2 0 1 1 4 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 2 0 1 5 4 6 A g ri cu lt u re Ir ri g at io n F is h c u lt u re a n d ir ri g a ti o n fa c il it y B W D B 10 20 50 90 2 7 1 9 57 01 2 2 7 8 15 00 8 2 0 0 d ev el o p m en t T h ro u g h re e x ca v at in g co n n ec ti n g ch an n el b et w ee n g az n ar B ee l an d ri v er o f su za n ag ar u p az il a in P ab n a R e ex ca v at io n o f k ar jo n ca n al an d B W D B 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 n ea rb y o th er ca n al s fo r im p ro v em en t o f ir ri g at io n an d d ra in ag e fa ci li ti es W at er re se rv at io n in n at u ra l st ea m s B A R I 0 0 0 0 0 15 9 86 o f C H T fo r su st ai n ab le ag ri cu lt u re T o ta l 10 20 5 0 9 0 2 7 1 9 57 01 2 2 7 8 16 59 8 3 3 6 T ab le 3 .5 L is t o f m ix ed p ro je ct s u n d er w at er re so u rc e se ct o r S ec to r P ro je ct na m e M in is tr y / A m en de d al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) D ep ar tm en t 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 W at er S tu d y o n th e im p ac t o f in te r b as in ri v er W A R P O 91 0 0 0 0 0 0 re so u rc es co n n ec ti o n P re p a ra ti o n o fm a st e rp la n & B an g la d es h h ao ra n d 30 0 30 3 24 7 0 0 0 0 d ev el o p m en t o f d at ab as e fo r h ao rs w et la n d d ev el o p m en t b o ar d M o d er n iz at io n an d in te g ra ti o n o f B W D B 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 h y d ro lo g ic al m o n it o ri n g n et w o rk o f B an g la d es h an d en v ir o n m en ta l an d so ci al im p ac t as se ss m en t on g o ra i ri v er re st o ra ti o n R e sc u e o fG o ra ir iv e r 13 0 9 0 4 4 14 11 5 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 D e v e lo p m e n to fB o rn ib a o r B an g la d es h h ao ra n d 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 w et la n d d ev el o p m en t b o ar d R es cu e o f B u ri g an g a ri v er B W D B 0 2 5 0 0 87 5 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 S ec to r P ro je ct na m e M in is tr y / A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (h i L ac B D T ) D ep ar tm en t 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 fl l i 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 B an g la d es h d el ta p la n fo rm u la ti o n P la n n in g co m m is si o n 0 0 0 0 5 7 8 32 53 36 73 p ro je ct R e ex ca v at io n o f u p p er p ar t o f T it as B W D B 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 ri v er at B ra h m an b ar ia T ot al 52 1 11 85 2 15 43 7 28 00 0 93 78 11 25 3 92 73 T a b le 3 .6 L is t o f m ix ed p ro je ct s u n d er P h y si ca l P la n n in g , W at er su p p ly an d H o u si n g se ct o r S e c to r P r o je c t n a m e M in is tr y / A m e n d e d a ll o c a ti o n (i n L a c B D T ) D e p a r tm e n t 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 P h y si ca iP la n n in g , C o o rd in at ed d ev el o p m en to f R A JU K 4 2 5 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 2 3 6 5 3 4 0 0 0 2 0 1 6 0 10 70 0 W at er su p p ly an d B eg u n b ar i an d H at ir jh ee l H o u si n g L ak e d ev el o p m en t o f R A JU K 0 8 5 0 0 6 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 26 15 2 3 5 6 6 2 5 0 G u is h an B ar id h ar a b an an i T o ta l 4 2 5 0 0 3 8 6 0 2 3 6 0 0 0 2 6 6 5 3 6 6 1 5 2 2 5 1 6 16 95 0 T a b le 3 .7 L is t o f m ix ed p ro je ct s u n d er R u ra l D ev el o p m en t se ct o r S e c to r P ro je c t n a m e M in is tr y ! A m en d ed al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D ’l ’) D e p a r tm e n t 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 R u ra l P ro d u c ti o n , co ns er va ti on an d B R D B 0 0 12 0 48 5 18 30 17 00 14 44 D e v e lo p m e n t p ro c e s s in g o f m in o r cr op s fo r re d u ci n g p o v er ty C o m m u n it y b as ed re so u rc e L G E D 3 1 7 9 2 8 8 9 3 1 0 0 2 6 4 5 88 6 0 0 m an ag em en t T o ta l 3 1 7 9 2 8 8 9 3 2 2 0 3 1 3 0 2 7 1 6 1 7 0 0 1 4 4 4 T ab le : 3 .8 S u m m ar y o f se ct o ra l al lo ca ti o n (B io d iv er si ty m ix ed p ro je ct ) fr o m fi sc al y ea r 2 0 0 9 1 0 to 2 0 1 5 1 6 S ec to r A m en d ed b u d g et al lo ca ti o n (m il li o n B D T ) S e c to ra l to ta l 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 C ro p 2 3 4 5 4 0 3 8 3 5 0 7 16 3 4 7 4 2 0 1 7 11 36 2 2 3 9 0 6 F is h er ie s 83 8 11 41 11 92 72 7 15 49 2 2 5 9 2 0 4 4 9 7 5 0 L iv es to ck 3 4 0 9 5 0 17 00 13 00 11 65 0 4 0 0 5 8 5 5 Ir ri g at io n 10 20 5 0 9 0 2 7 1 9 57 01 2 2 7 8 16 59 8 3 3 6 2 6 8 0 3 W at er re so u rc es 52 1 11 85 2 15 43 7 2 8 0 0 0 9 3 7 8 11 25 3 9 2 7 3 8 5 7 1 4 P h y si ca l P la n n in g , 4 2 5 0 0 3 8 6 0 2 3 6 0 0 0 2 6 6 5 3 6 6 1 5 2 2 5 1 6 1 6 9 5 0 1 8 9 8 3 6 W at er su p p ly an d H o u si n g R u ra l D ev el o p m en t 3 1 7 9 2 8 8 9 3 2 2 0 3 1 3 0 2 7 1 6 17 00 14 44 18 27 8 T o ta l 5 0 7 4 3 6 4 5 6 2 6 3 7 7 5 6 5 6 7 4 2 4 1 7 5 4 1 4 0 4 4 9 8 0 9 3 6 0 1 4 2 T a b le 3 .9 L is t o f sp ec if ic b io d iv e rs it y p ro je ct im p le m en te d u n d er B C C T F S I. P ro je c t n am e Im p le m e n ti n g F is ca l y e a r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) N o o rg a n iz a ti o n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 1 C o u n tr y w id e S ee d li n g C u lt u re P ro je ct fo r D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 1 ,5 7 8 .0 0 0 1 ,0 4 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 M as s A ff o re st at io n to C o u n te r th e A d v er se E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g es 2 R es il ie n ce F o re st ry to C h ec k C li m at e D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 7 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C h an g e in C o re Z o n e o f th e C en tr al R eg io n s 3 R e v eg et at io n o f M ad h u p u r F o re st T h ro u g h D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 1 ,5 4 5 .0 0 0 0 9 4 2 .0 0 0 0 0 R eh ab il it at io n o f F o re st D ep en d en t L o ca l an d E th n ic C o m m u n it ie s 4 A ff o re st at io n P io g ra m in th e C o as ta l D ep ar tm en t o fF o re st s 1 ,1 5 9 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E m b an k m en ts o f th e W at er D ev el o p m en t B o ar d an d th ei r ad ja ce n t S an d B ar A re as S i. P ro je c t n am e Im p le m e n ti n g F is ca l y e a r w is e aU o ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) N o o rg an iz at io n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 5 C o m m u n it y b a se d A d a p ta ti o n in th e D e p a rt m e n to f 1 ,9 5 7 .8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 E co lo g ic al ly C ri ti ca l A re as T h ro u g h E n v ir o n m en t B io d iv er si ty C o n se rv at io n an d S o ci al P ro te ct io n 6 R e d u c ti o n o fC a rb o n E m is si o n th ro u g h D e p a rt m e n to fF o re st s 0 1 ,8 4 2 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E st ab li sh m en t o f S o n ai ch ar i B o ta n ic al G ar d en , B an g la d es h 7 A ff o re st at io n P ro g ra m in th e C o as ta l A re as D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 2 ,4 0 6 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 to C o u n te r th e A d v er se E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g es (R ev is ed ) 8 F o re st in fo rm a ti o n G e n e ra ti o n a n d D ep ar tm en to fF o re st s 0 8 1 2 .5 9 0 0 0 0 0 N et w o rk in g S y st em 9 P eo pl e’ s O u tr ea ch P ro g ra m to C o n se rv e an d D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 18 9. 62 0 0 0 0 0 to V o te th e S u n d ar b an s as o n e o f th e S ev en N at u ra l W o n d er s 10 R es to ra ti o n an d B io d iv er si ty C o n se rv at io n D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 6 8 2 .4 7 0 0 0 0 o f S w am p F o re st s to P re v en t th e A d v er se E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e 11 E co r es to ra ti o n o f H il l F o re st s, C ox ’s B az ar D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 12 F o rm a ti o n o fC a rb o n S in k in K a p ta it h ro u g h D e p a rt m e n to fF o re st s 0 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 .0 0 0 0 5 0 0 :0 0 P la n ta ti o n P ro g ra m 13 B io d iv er si ty C o n se rv at io n an d P ro m o ti n g D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 2 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 E co to u ri sm in L al d ia R es er v ed F o re st s 14 E x p an si o n P ro g ra m to F lo at in g T ec h n o lo g y D ep ar tm en t o f 0 0 0 1 ,3 8 0 .0 0 0 0 0 o f P ro d u ci n g V eg et ab le s an d S p ic es in A g ri cu lt u ra l E x te n si o n F lo o d P ro n e an d W at er C lo g g ed A re as as (D A E ) A d ap ti n g S tr at eg y to M an ag e C li m at e C h an g e 15 D e v e lo p m e n tP ro je c to fE x te n si o n o f D e p a rt m e n to fF o re st s 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 .0 0 B io d iv er si ty P ar k , B an g ab an d h u S he il ch M u ji b S af ar i P ar k , G az ip u r SI . P ro je c t n am e Im p le m e n ti n g F is ca l y e a r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) N o o rg a n iz a ti o n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 16 A ff o re st at io n , R en o v at io n an d D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 1 5 0 .0 0 B ea u ti fi ca ti o n P ro g ra m (S ec o n d P h as e) o f P ir o jp u r R iv er V ie w E co p ar k (D C P ar k ) 17 P ro je ct fo r C re at in g E n te rt ai n m en t D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .0 0 O p p o rt u n it ie s in S F N T C o f U p az il a K az ir b ag u n d er F en i D is tr ic t th ro u g h E st ab li sh in g E co p ar k 18 A ff o re st at io n an d E st ab li sh m en t P ro g ra m in D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 .0 0 P ir o jp u r P o li ce L in es 19 S tr e n g th e n in g a n d C o n so li d a ti o n o f D e p a rt m e n to f 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 .0 0 C o m m u n it y b as ed A d ap ta ti o n in th e E n v ir o n iñ en t E co lo g ic al ly C ri ti ca l A re as th ro u g h B io d iv er si ty C o n se rv at io n an d S o ci al P ro te ct io n P ro je ct 20 R e ex ca v at io n o f D ea d K h al s fo r D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 9 .8 0 B io d iv er si ty C o n se rv at io n an d G re en B el t P la n ta ti o n o f U p az il a V an d ar ia u n d er P ir o jp u r D is tr ic t o r C o u n te ri n g th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e U p d at e o f N at io n al C o n se rv at io n S tr at eg y D ep ar tm en t o f F o re st s 0 0 0 0 3 4 5 .0 0 0 0 T o ta l 6 ,9 4 0 .1 8 5 ,2 5 0 .2 1 1 ,7 2 2 .4 7 4 ,3 2 2 .0 0 3 4 5 .0 0 0 .0 0 2 ,7 9 9 .8 0 T a b le 3 .1 0 : L is t o f m ix ed p ro je c ts im p le m e n te d u n d e r B C C T F S I. N o P ro je c t n am e im p le m e n ti n g F is ca l y e a r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) o rg a n iz a ti o n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 1 In v en ti n g S u st ai n ab le C ro p in D ro u g h t B an g la d es h 6 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P ro n e an d C o as ta ll S al in it y P ro n e A re as to A g ri cu lt u ra l R es ea rc h C h ec k C li m at e C h an g e In st it u te (B A R I) 2 E co lo g ic al M a n a g e m e n tP ro je c to fP a rk i D e p a rt m e n to f 1 9 1 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B ea ch E n v ir o n m en t S I. N o P ro je ct n am e Im p le m en ti n g F is ca l y ea r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) o rg an iz at Io n 20 09 1 0 20 10 1 1 20 11 1 2 20 12 1 3 20 13 1 4 20 14 1 5 20 15 1 6 3 S p re a d o fB io g a sa n d M o d e rn iz e d O v e n B an g la d es h C o u n ci lf o r 0 93 1. 25 0 0 0 0 0 T o R ed u ce C ar b o n E m is si o n an d T o S ci en ti fi c an d In d u st ri al In cr ea se U sa g e o f A lt er n at iv e F ue l S o u rc e R es ea rc h (B C S IR ) 4 R e ex ca v at io n o f D ra in ag e K h al in B an g la d es h W at er 0 6 7 6 .4 2 0 0 0 0 0 U p az il a K al k in i u n d er M ad ar ip u r D is tr ic t D ev el o p m en t B o ar d 5 R e ex ca v at io n o f2 4 D ra in ag e K h al s in B an g la d es h W at er 0 1, 89 1. 77 0 0 7 0 0 .0 0 0 0 U p az il a R aj o ir & M ad ar ip u r S ad ar u n d er D ev el o p m en t B o ar d M ad ar ip u r D is tr ic t 6 R es ea rc h on In v en ti n g , P ro ce ss in g an d B an g la d es h 0 2 ,4 4 3 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M ar k et in g o f R es il ie n t V ar ie ti es o f R ic e, A g ri cu lt u ra l W h ea t, P u ls e an d O il se ed D ev el o p m en t C o rp o ra ti o n (B A D C ) 7 R e ex ca v at io n o f Ic h am at i R iv er o f B an g la d es h W at er 0 4 0 0 .9 0 0 0 0 0 0 U p az il a S h ib al o y u n d er M an ik g an j D ev el o p m en t B o ar d D is tr ic t 8 R e ex ca v at io n o f B et n a R iv er o f S at k h ir a B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 2 ,4 9 5 .0 0 0 0 0 0 D is tr ic t to M it ig at e W at er lo g g in g D ev el o p m en t B o ar d 9 R e ex ca v at io n o f D ra in ag e an d fr ri g at io n B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 1, 29 0. 09 0 0 0 0 K h al s in U p az il a D am u d d a, G o sa ir h aa t, D ev el o p m en t B o ar d S ha ri at pu r S ad ar an d N o ri a u n d er fu nd in g o f B C C T F 10 S o li d W as te M an ag em en t S y st em B en ap o le P o u ra sh av a, 0 0 31 1. 83 0 0 0 0 Im p ro v em en t an d P la n ta ti o n P ro g ra m in Je ss o re B en ap o le P u ra sh av a fo r C li m at e C h an g e R is k R ed u ct io n an d M it ig at io n S 1 .N o P ro je ct n am e Im p le m en ti n g F is ca l y e a r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) o rg an iz at io n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 11 R e ex ca v at io n o f K h al s L o ca te d in B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 8 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 b et w ee n C o as ta l P o ld er s o f U p az il a D ev el o p m en t B o ar d K al ap ar a u n d er P at u ak h al i D is tr ic t to S to re R ai n w at er fo r C o u n te ri n g th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e b y In cr ea si n g C ro p P ro d u ct io n an d M it ig at in g W at er C lo g g in g 12 C o n st ru c ti o n o fR e g u la to ra n d R e B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 1 ,2 3 8 .4 0 0 0 0 ex ca v at io n o f R iv er K h ar k b ar ia o f U p az il a D ev el o p m en t B o ar d P ar b o ti p u r an d B an k P ro te ct io n o f P .i ve r D h ep a o f U p az il a K ah ar o l u n d er D in aj p u r D is tr ic t 13 R e ex ca v at io n o f B ee l S ac h ar G h u g ra o f B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 1, 49 9. 72 0 0 0 P it ai n b o ro d i, N ar in d a, K aw ad i B az aa r an d D ev el o p m en t B o ar d N ae rg ao n to S ac h ar K b al o f R iv er M eg h n a to M ai n ta in E co lo g ic al B al an ce 14 R e ex ca v at io n o f 37 K h al s o fU p az il a B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 1, 19 8. 77 0 0 0 M eg h n a u n d er C o m il la D is tr ic t D ev el o p m en t B o ar d 15 R e e x c a v a ti o n o fK h a ls o fU p a z il a B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 1 ,1 9 8 .6 4 0 0 0 K o ta li p ar a u n d er G o p al g an j D is tr ci t to D ev el o p m en t B o ar d M it ig at e th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e 16 R e ex ca v at io n o f K h al s o f W es t B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 5 .8 7 K o ta li p ar a o f U p az il a K o ta li p ar a u n d er D ev el o p m en t B o ar d G o p al g an j D is tr ci t to M it ig at e th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e 17 R e ex ca v at io n o f R iv er O ld D ak at ia o f B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 .0 0 0 0 U p az il a N an g o lk o t u n d er C o m il la D ev el o p m en t B o ar d D is tr ic t to m ai n ta in E co lo g ic al B al an ce 0 0 S i. N 9 P ro je c t n am e Im p le m en ti n g F is ca l y ea r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) o rg an iz at io n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 18 R e ex av at io n an d B an k C o n se rv at io n o f B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 0 1, 00 0. 00 0 0 S u v ad d a K h al fr o m S u v ad d a to A g an ag ar D ev el o p m en t B o ar d o f U p az il a K er an ig an j o f D h ak a D is tr ic t fo r C o n se rv in g E co lo g ic al B al an ce 19 K h al R e ex ca v at io n an d P la n ta ti o n B ar in d M u lt ip u rp o se 0 0 0 0 7 9 5 .0 0 0 0 P ro g ra m to M am ta m E co lo fi ca l B al an ce D ev el o p m en t A u th o ri ty an d S o ci o E co n o m ic Im p ro v em en t in A re as A ff ec te d b y D ro u g h ts du e to C li m at e C h an g e 20 R e ex ca v at io n o f N in e K h al s an d S ix B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 0 3 5 0 .0 0 0 0 In u n d at ed B an k s u n d er th e D ra in ag e an d D ev el o p m en t B o ar d Ir ri g at io n P ro je ct o f U p az il a D au d k an d i an d C h an d in a u n d er C o n ii ll a D is tr ic t to C h ec k th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e 21 R e ex ca v at io n o fK h al s L o ca te d in B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .0 0 0 0 b et w ee n C o as ta l P o ld er s o f U pa .z il a D ev el o p m en t B o ar d K al ap ar a an d R an g ab al i u n d er P at u ak h al i D is tr ic t to S to re R ai n w at er fo r C o u n te ri n g th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e b y In cr ea si n g C ro p P ro d u ct io n an d M it ig at in g W at er C lo g g in g 22 P ro g ra m fo r In v en ti n g , P ro ce ss in g an d B an g la d es h 0 0 0 0 2 5 3 .0 0 0 10 0. 00 M ar k et in g R es il ie n t G ra in S ee ds A g ri cu lt u ra l D ev el o p m en t C o rp o ra ti o n (B A D C ), B an g la d es h A g ri cu lt u ra l R es ea rc h In st it u te (B A R I) S I. N o P ro je c t n am e Im p le m en ti n g F is ca l y ea r w is e al lo ca ti o n (i n L ac B D T ) o rg an iz at io n 2 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 4 2 0 1 4 1 5 2 0 1 5 1 6 23 R e ex ca v at io n o f F u lt al a K ha l (W ar d N o. P at ua lc ha li P o u ra sh av a 0 0 0 0 25 0. 00 0 0 01 , in cl u d in g P it ch in g o f 1. 58 k m o f B lo ck s) o f P at u ak h al i S ad ar U pa .z il a an d P at u ak h al i P o u ra sh av a un de r P at u ak h al i D is tr ic t fo r C o u n te ri n g th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C h an g e 24 M ar k et D ev el o p m en t In it ia ti v e fo r D ep ar tm en t o f 0 0 0 0 0 1, 00 00 0 0 B o n d h u C hu la (P ha se II ) E n v ir o m en t (D oE ) 25 R e ex ca v at io n o f R iv er B as ia o fl lp az il a B an g la d es h W at er 0 0 0 0 0 20 0. 00 0 B is w o n at h u n d er S yl be t D is tr ic t fo r D ev el o p m en t B o ar d C o u n te ri n g th e E ff ec ts o f C li m at e C ha ng e 26 D ev el o p m en t o f cl im at e re si li en t B IN A 0 0 0 0 34 5. 00 0 0 v ar ie ty /t ec h n o lo g y in d if fe re n t en v ir o m n en ta l re gi on th ro u g h B IN A 27 R e ex ca v at io n o f ca na ls o f K o ta li p ar a an d B W D B 0 0 0 0 50 0. 00 0 0 T i. m gi pa ra U p za li a o f G op al ga nj D is tr ic t to m ai n ta in en v ir o n m en ta l eq u il ib ri u m an d co m b at w it h th e im p ac t o f cl im at e ch an ge 28 R e ex ca v at io n o f F ul ta li ca na l un de r 1 no . P at u ak h al i P o u ra sh av a 0 0 0 0 25 0. 00 0 0 w ar d o f P at u ak h al i M u n ic ip al it y fo r co m b at in g w it h th e im p ac t o f cl im at e ch an ge T o ta l 79 1. 50 63 43 .3 4 40 96 .9 2 59 35 .5 3 52 43 .0 0 12 00 .0 0 10 05 .8 7 Dep*rtmnt of Eironment Paribesh J3haban E.16, Agargion. Sher eBangIa Nagar L)haka 1 21)7 E3angladcsh Ph -88-02-8181800 Fax-88-02-8 18)772 E-rnai1 dgdoe.gav.bd haider.doeji’gmaii.com w’wcloc.gcv.bd gef