Zimbabwe [state buyer/exporter (FGR) or gold dealing licensee] → United Arab Emirates → Switzerland → South Africa (refine) · Sale of refined gold and receipt of proceeds

Register as an exporter in CEPECS through the authorised dealer

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

CEPECS exporter registration

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.1

Obtain the Gold Export Certificate for the lot

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

Gold Export Certificate

[unconfirmed] Issuer and form of the 'Gold Export Certificate' are stated in no text held (FX Guidelines, Gold Trade Act and Regulations, Exchange Control Regulations and General Order all read); requested (zw.gap-gec).

Prepare assays and a pro-forma invoice showing the quantity, price and total value of the gold

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يتطلب

FGR bar list for the export lot

يُصدر

Assays supporting the RBZ export application; Pro-forma invoice: quantity, price and total value of gold to be exported (FXG 3.2.30)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.30

Submit the export application on the RBZ Document Management System with the Gold Export Certificate, Gold Dealership Licence, assays and pro-forma invoice

من

Authorised dealer bank

يتطلب

Gold Export Certificate; Gold dealing licence ('Gold Dealership Licence'); Assays supporting the RBZ export application; Pro-forma invoice: quantity, price and total value of gold to be exported (FXG 3.2.30); CEPECS exporter registration

• Exchange Control Regulations SI 109/1996; RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026, Regulations s.20(1)(e) (no export of gold unless authorised by an exchange control authority); Guidelines para 3.2.30 ('All exports of Gold require prior Reserve Bank approval')

Approve the gold export within 24 working hours and issue an approval reference number

من

Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

يُصدر

RBZ gold export approval (approval reference number on the Document Management System)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.30

Raise the CEPECS Form CD1 quoting the RBZ approval reference

من

Authorised dealer bank

يتطلب

RBZ gold export approval (approval reference number on the Document Management System)

يُصدر

CEPECS Form CD1 (exchange control export form)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), paras 3.2.5, 3.2.30

Issue the commercial invoice to the foreign buyer/refiner (attached to the export entry)

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

Commercial invoice

ZIMRA lists 'Suppliers' invoices' for the export entry; the pro-forma invoice goes to the RBZ (3.2.30). [blocked] ZIMRA page via WebFetch only.

Lodge the export bill of entry (Form 21) through a registered clearing agent in ASYCUDA World before the gold leaves, with the CEPECS Form CD1, the invoice and the RBZ approval; pay the clearance fee - 'No duties are payable on export'

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يتطلب

CEPECS Form CD1 (exchange control export form); RBZ gold export approval (approval reference number on the Document Management System); Commercial invoice

يُصدر

Customs export bill of entry (Form 21, lodged in ASYCUDA World)

[blocked] The ZIMRA clearance page was read only through WebFetch. [unconfirmed] Any gold-specific customs examination is not described.

• Customs and Excise Act [Chapter 23:02]; Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001, Act s.54(1), s.61; Regulations s.62(1)(a); Exchange Control Regulations s.21

Where the buyer or the importing country's customs requires one (e.g. the UAE import declaration, ae.st-18), obtain a certificate of origin from the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce on its form: the exporter declares 'that all the goods are of ZIMBABWE ORIGIN' and the chamber certifies it; the form carries the invoice, consignee and destination, transport, tariff number, description, net weight and the bill of entry number

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يتطلب

Commercial invoice; Customs export bill of entry (Form 21, lodged in ASYCUDA World)

يُصدر

ZNCC certificate of origin for the gold consignment

ZNCC's own form read in full (a chamber, not a regulator). [unconfirmed] Whether FGR or other gold exporters obtain one in practice, its fee and turnaround were not found (requested from ZNCC). [inferred] Treated as optional: no Zimbabwean export rule requires it. [blocked] ZIMRA origin page via WebFetch only.

• Customs and Excise Act [Chapter 23:02]; Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001, Act s.89(1)(a) ('wholly grown or produced' test for unmanufactured goods); Regulations s.25 (certificates of origin for lower duty - imports)

An officer authorises loading by stamping the consignment note or air waybill; the airline accepts the sealed consignment as valuable cargo under the air waybill and the gold must leave Zimbabwe within ten days of the authority

من

Secure logistics provider / airline

يتطلب

Customs export bill of entry (Form 21, lodged in ASYCUDA World)

يُصدر

Air waybill

[inferred] Air freight from Harare is assumed; no Zimbabwe source names the route or carriers.

• Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001; Customs and Excise Act, Regulations s.63(1), (3); Act s.55(1)

Pre-contract KYC on the Nigerian exporter: corporate docs, UBO, MBC/export-permit evidence, mine-of-origin declaration

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

Bank-to-bank reference confirmation (not a public letter) on the Nigerian exporter

يُصدر

Importer's KYC/due-diligence pack on the Nigerian exporter; Evidence pack from the Nigerian exporter: export licence/permit, mine location, legal existence of the ASM operation

[conflict] For an ordinary DMCC trader the binding CDD duties are those of CR 134/2025 (Arts. 5-14); DMCC RBD-GPM binds only its Accredited Members (see ae.div-dmcc-role). [inferred] "Highest-scrutiny category" for ASM is the model's reading of Rule 1.6, not a phrase in the Rules.

• DMCC RBD-GPM Rules v2/2020; Cabinet Resolution 134/2025, DMCC Rules 1.4-1.8 (KYC; Rule 1.6 specific requirements for ASM supply), Rules 2.4-2.8 (red flags); CR 134 Art. 25(1) (records at least 5 years)

File the Dubai Customs declaration on Mirsal 2 with invoice, packing list, certificate of origin and air waybill (for a free-zone consignee the Customer Guide's 'FZ Transit In' type appears to apply, not import to local); disclose the precious metals crossing the border

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

Air waybill; Certificate of origin; Origin country's export authorisation for the gold (permit, licence or clearance issued by the mining or trade authority); Commercial invoice; Packing list

يُصدر

Dubai Customs declaration filed online (for goods entering a free zone: "FZ Transit In"); Disclosure of precious metals crossing the UAE border (cargo included)

No UAE import permit for gold: Dubai Customs lists DMCC as restricting authority only for "Pearls, Diamonds, Rough Diamonds etc." (Customer Guide App. I). FZ Transit In (s.15.12.2): "foreign goods originated from any country may be brought into the free zones without being subject to customs duties or taxes. The owner of the goods in the Documents shall be a Free Zone Licensee"; documents MAWB/HAWB, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, packing list, delivery order. Mainland duty: the GCC exempted list's gold line is printed "71060000" (silver's heading) [summary][blocked]. Cross-border disclosure: see ae.doc-pm-disclosure-ae. [unconfirmed] Neither Dubai Customs guide names the declaration type for gold into a DMCC company or the DMCC Vault. [conflict] Supporting documents are due within 14 days (Customer Guide s.15.7) or 30 days (Service Guide v9 App. A) - see ae.div-customs-doc-deadline. KPMG (secondary): periodic "Goods Consumption within FZ" declaration under Dubai Customs Notice 17/2020.

• Dubai Customs Customer Guide v3.03; Dubai Customs Service Guide v9; Federal Decree-Law 10/2025, Customer Guide s.15.12.2 (FZ Transit In), App. J (DMCC declarations at the Customer Service Center at DMCC); FDL 10/2025 Art. 10 (cross-border disclosure)

Import VAT: registered importer accounts for VAT on its own return (reverse charge); investment-grade gold is zero-rated, doré is not

من

DMCC importer / trader

يُصدر

Import VAT accounted on the importer's own VAT return (registered importer)

Investment precious metals = gold, silver or platinum of 99% purity or more, in a form tradeable in global bullion markets (ER Art. 36(2), not amended in the consolidation to CD 100/2025); their supply or import is zero-rated (Art. 45(8)). [inferred] Doré below 99% does not qualify. [unconfirmed] DMCC's absence from the Designated Zones was checked only against the 2017 list (secondary copy). [not-read] FDL 16/2025 amendments (from 1 Jan 2026) not held.

• Federal Decree-Law 8/2017 on VAT; Executive Regulation (Cabinet Decision 52/2017, as amended; consolidated to CD 100/2025), Law Art. 45(8), 48(1), 49; ER Art. 36(2), 48(1), 48(5), 50(1)

If the importer sells the doré to the refiner (rather than toll-refining it): refiner gives two written statements before supply; importer issues a tax invoice without VAT (reverse charge)

من

DMCC importer / trader

يُصدر

Refiner's two written statements: VAT-registered, and buying to resell or use in production; Tax invoice without VAT for the importer-to-refiner sale

[inferred] Conditional: the model reads the reverse charge as not applying where the refiner only toll-refines metal the importer keeps title to; the sources read do not address toll refining.

• Cabinet Decision 127/2024; VAT Executive Regulation, CD 127 Art. 2(1), 2(3) (two written declarations before supply; supplier keeps them and verifies registration), 2(4) (no declarations: no reverse charge); ER Art. 59(1)(l)

Deposit refined bars into DMCC Vault (operated by Brink's)

من

DMCC Vault (operated by Brink's)

يتطلب

Manufacturer certificate accompanying UAEGD bars (states year of manufacture if not stamped)

يُصدر

DMCC Vault deposit/withdrawal receipt; DMCC Tradeflow warrant (optional; used for pledging and title transfer)

DMCC: the Vault is "Owned by DMCC and operated by Brink's Global Services" and "DMCC can assist with all customs processes". [not-read] Deposit/withdrawal documents and any bonded status of the Vault are not published; the receipt document is inferred.

Obtain a Certificate of Origin from Dubai Chambers: a non-preferential certificate for UAE-origin goods (goods produced in the UAE by a licensed exporter; copy of the industrial licence and the factory's invoice) or a certificate for foreign goods re-exported

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

Refiner outturn/assay report

يُصدر

UAE Certificate of Origin / re-export documentation (Dubai Chambers)

Unresolved: whether refining doré into bars confers UAE origin - both can sit in HS 7108.12 and no gold-specific rule was found; CR 43/2022 Art. 4 also allows "specific manufacturing operations". India's Noida SEZ SOP treats gold bars sourced from the UAE as not UAE-originating (see ae-in). Fee AED 100, two hours (Dubai Chambers service page; the Resolution sets no amount). [summary][blocked] FL 11/2019 and CR 43/2022 read through WebFetch only (downloads Cloudflare-challenged).

• Federal Law 11/2019; Cabinet Resolution 43/2022; Dubai Chambers Resolution 7/2024, FL 11/2019 Art. 4 (minimal operations do not confer origin), Art. 6 (issue of certificates; the Chamber issues certificates for re-exported foreign commodities); CR 43/2022 Art. 4 (last major operation, incl. "a change in the customs item or ... specific manufacturing operations"); DC Res. 7/2024 Art. 2 (types), Art. 3(a) (conditions), Art. 3(b) (UAE-origin certificate only for goods produced in the UAE by an exporter licensed by the Competent Entity), Art. 4 (electronic application), Art. 6 (valid six months), Art. 7 (register kept 3 years)

File Dubai Customs export/re-export declaration; VAT zero-rated on export

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

UAE Certificate of Origin / re-export documentation (Dubai Chambers)

يُصدر

Dubai Customs export/re-export declaration

• Federal Decree-Law 8/2017 on VAT; VAT Executive Regulation; Cabinet Decision 127/2024; Dubai Customs Customer Guide v3.03, DL 8/2017 Art. 45(1) (exports zero-rated); ER Art. 30 (export within 90 days, with customs declaration and commercial evidence); CD 127/2024 Art. 2(2) (no reverse charge on zero-rated supplies); Customer Guide s.15.12.3 (FZ Transit Out; penalty 10% of value without proof of export), s.16 (proof of export by air)

Book air cargo as valuable/secure freight (specialist carrier), security clearance, sealed/inspected shipment at DXB/DWC

من

Secure logistics provider (UAE/air legs)

يتطلب

Dubai Customs export/re-export declaration

يُصدر

Air waybill, Dubai -> Zurich/Geneva

CAR VII has nothing gold-specific; booking as valuable/secure freight with a specialist carrier is practice. [inferred] Road leg to the airport in Dubai needs a SIRA Money and Valuables Transport licence.

• GCAA CAR Part VII Ed. 05; SIRA Resolution 1/2018, CAR VII 4.6.1 (security controls on cargo), 4.6.6 (operators accept cargo only with security controls confirmed), 4.6.7 (security status accompanies cargo); SIRA Res. Art. 3(a)(6)

Onboard Dubai supplier: KYC pack, chain-of-custody statement, mine-of-origin/scrap declaration, DMCC/UAEGD audit reports

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يتطلب

Air waybill

يُصدر

Refiner file on the Dubai supplier: identity, commercial-register extract, proof of lawful acquisition (export permit/declaration, mining licence where applicable), SECO embargo check, origin clarification (kept for the period the EMKV sets: zehn Jahren); KYC questionnaire for mined material, naming each ASM supplier in the chain (team/cooperative, aggregators, local exporter); Independent assurance report on the Dubai refiner's responsible sourcing practices, as an Intermediate Refiner (RGG v9 s.2.3 enhanced due diligence for high-risk recycled gold); Site visit at the mine of origin before transacting (or within 6 months) - enhanced due diligence

[inferred] Asking for DMCC/UAEGD audit reports and a chain-of-custody statement is the model's application to a Dubai supplier; the LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance and the BAZG melter due-diligence directive do not name them. The EMKV duties are read in the official fedlex consolidation held on the server. In the EMKV record on the server these articles are parsed into the section labelled Anhang (section id in the refs), not into their own sections; the quotes are from that section.

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung darf Schmelzgut nur von Per-”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (lawful acquisition) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “die sich über deren rechtmässigen Erwerb aus- weisen können.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 2 (identity) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Es muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Do- kumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 3 (origin clarification) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Bestehen über die Herkunft der Ware Zweifel oder stammen die An- gebote von Unbekannten, so ist der Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung verpflichtet, die Herkunft des Schmelzgutes besonders sorgfältig abzu- klären.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 3 (retention) (parsed into section sch-2)

  “Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKG Art. 31a Abs. 1

  “Wer gewerbsmässig Schmelzgut im Sinne von Artikel 1 Absatz 3”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), EMKG Art. 31a Abs. 6

  “Die Absätze 1-5 gelten nicht für Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung nach Artikel 24.”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) annex matrix Teil 1 (KYC)

  “Identifikation des Kunden gemäss Art. 168a Abs. 2 EMKV für natürliche Personen, für juristische Personen mittels Han-”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) Ziff. 3.3.2

  “Bestehen Zweifel über die Herkunft des Materials oder in Bezug auf die Integrität des Kunden sind Bewilligungsinhaber verpflichtet, den Sachverhalt besonders sorgfältig abzuklären”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 2.1 (origin of mined gold)

  “Mined Gold: The location of the mine (LSM and ASM).”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 2.2 (transit red flag)

  “Is claimed to originate from a country through which gold from CAHRAs is known, or reasonably suspected, to transit”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), RGG v9 Step 1.2 (records)

  “Records are required to be maintained for at least five years, or the minimum timeframe stipulated by local regulatory requirements”

• PMCO/EMKV; LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; BAZG melter due-diligence directive (sections in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168b Abs. 3)

  “Die Dokumente über den Geschäftsverkehr mit Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”

File the Swiss electronic customs import declaration (formal declaration; simplified or oral declarations excluded for melt material imported for sale), tariff heading 7108.1200 (statistical key 911 for mining gold), with actual origin if known; import VAT-exempt for investment gold (cast bars of at least 995 thousandths fineness bearing the fineness and the stamp of a recognised assayer-melter) and for gold in raw form or semi-finished for refining; unmarked doré may only be imported by a trade assayer (BAZG practice)

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يتطلب

Air waybill

يُصدر

Electronic customs import declaration (commercial import; simplified and oral declarations excluded for melt material)

The Federal Council report (citing the customs administration) says actual origin must be declared if known, but for large imports, e.g. from the United Kingdom or the UAE, the dispatch country is sometimes entered; [inferred] Dubai-refined Nigerian gold can therefore appear as UAE origin. [unconfirmed] That no certificate of origin is required is not stated in the sources read. No written precious-metals control record found for a passed border check. The rule that unmarked doré may only be imported by a trade assayer is BAZG practice (BAZG letter on unmarked melt products; BAZG directive on applying the EMKG); it is not in the EMKG import article. The EMKV (precious metals control ordinance) is not held on the server, so its provisions on recognised fineness marks and banking precious metals are not relied on here. Corrected earlier: the declaration was described as "Passar"; the BAZG melt-material sheet names e-dec web. [time-limited] When the BAZG-VG enters into force (date not set), the EMKG import-check paragraphs are repealed and replaced by a new BAZG control article (BAZG-VG annex amending the EMKG).

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTG (SR 641.20, Stand 1 Jan 2025) Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12: gold supplies exempt

  “die Umsätze, die mit Gold und Legierungen von Gold der folgenden Form erzielt werden:”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. b: investment gold, cast bars

  “Gold zu Anlagezwecken mit einem Mindestfeingehalt von 995 Tausendsteln, in Form von:”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. b, first indent

  “gegossenen Barren, versehen mit der Angabe des Feingehalts und dem Stempelzeichen eines anerkannten Prüfer-Schmelzers oder”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 12 Bst. d: raw or semi-finished gold for refining

  “Gold in Rohform oder in Form von Halbzeug, das zur Raffination oder Rückgewinnung bestimmt ist”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTG Art. 53 Abs. 1 Bst. m: import of gold exempt

  “Gold und Legierungen von Gold nach Artikel 23 Absatz 2 Ziffer 12.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), AS 2024 438 (amendment of 16 June 2023, in force 1 Jan 2025): inserts Art. 53 Abs. 1 Bst. m

  “Gold und Legierungen von Gold nach Artikel 23 Absatz 2 Ziffer 12.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), MWSTV Art. 44 (former gold provision) repealed

  “Aufgehoben durch Ziff. I der V vom 21. Aug. 2024, mit Wirkung seit 1. Jan. 2025”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), EMKG (SR 941.31) Art. 20 Abs. 3: import checks

  “Die diesem Gesetz unterstellten Waren können bei der Einfuhr einer umfassenden oder stichprobenweisen Kontrolle unterworfen werden.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG statistics page: tariff heading 7108.1200

  “Data relating to gold in raw form (e.g. bars) are recorded under customs tariff heading 7108.1200”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG statistics page: statistical key 911 (from 1 Jan 2021)

  “mining gold *(key: 911)*”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Federal Council report 14 Nov 2018, s.3.7

  “dass der tatsächliche Ursprung der Waren gemeldet werden muss, sofern er bekannt ist”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Federal Council report s.3.7

  “Bei umfangreichen Einfuhren, zum Beispiel aus Grossbritannien oder den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten, wird in der Zollerklärung gelegentlich das Versendungsland angegeben.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG R-247 (1 Jan 2023) s.3.4.2: unmarked melt products only imported by trade assayers

  “Daher sind ausschliesslich Handelsprüfer berechtigt, nicht gekennzeichnete”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), R-247 s.3.4.2 (doré bars as example)

  “(bspw. Doré-Barren aus dem Bergbau)”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG Merkblatt "Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland" (Jan 2024): simplified declarations excluded

  “Vereinfachte Zollanmeldeverfahren wie Quickzoll oder gar eine mündliche Zollanmeldung sind daher grundsätzlich ausgeschlossen.”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: e-dec web

  “dies selbst mittels e-dec web vornehmen”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: prior customs procedure

  “Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland sichergestellt wird, dass dieses vorgängig”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: fine per case (under the EMKG)

  “mit bis zu CHF 2 000 pro Fall gebüsst werden”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), Merkblatt: licence withdrawal

  “In schweren Fällen kann die entsprechende Bewilligung”

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG letter of 4 Dec 2019 on import of unmarked melt products (only footnotes are sectioned; cited law-only)

• VAT Act (MWSTG) as amended with effect from 1 Jan 2025; Precious Metals Control Act (EMKG) (sections in refs), BAZG-VG of 20 June 2025, Anhang 2 Ziff. 53 (EMKG Art. 20 Abs. 3-5 repealed, new Art. 22a); annex not sectioned, cited law-only

Optionally store under customs control in a free port (e.g. Geneva La Praille / Aéroport, Embrach - Embraport, Zürich-Flughafen - Cargologic): stored goods are not subject to import customs duties or trade-policy measures and may be stored indefinitely

من

Bonded warehouse / freeport operator (Geneva/Embrach)

يُصدر

Electronic customs declaration on entry of sensitive goods into the free port (content: the inventory-record particulars listed in the Customs Ordinance, letters a to f, plus the depositor's name and address); Electronic inventory record of sensitive goods: previous customs document, entry date, owner, origin country, description, value, marks, gross/net mass, origin proof, location, exit date, etc. (17 fields)

The BAZG free-port list held is the old list in the library (its record dates it to the start of the year it was issued; no newer list found); operators may have changed. [time-limited] The BAZG-VG (adopted, not yet in force) treats free ports as a kind of customs warehouse and will replace these articles when in force. [inferred] Suspension of import VAT is read from the BAZG free-port directive ("auf das Erheben der Abgaben ... verzichtet"); the ZG names only import customs duties and trade-policy measures. Supplies of goods stored in a free port are VAT-exempt under the MWSTG (read). The ZG and ZV are now read in their official fedlex consolidations held on the server.

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG (SR 631.0, Stand 1 Sep 2023) Art. 62 Abs. 1

  “Zollfreilager sind Teile des Zollgebiets oder in diesem gelegene Räumlichkeiten:”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 62 Abs. 3

  “Die eingelagerten Waren unterliegen weder den Einfuhrzollabgaben noch handels- politischen Massnahmen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 64 Abs. 1

  “Wer ein Zollfreilager betreibt, braucht eine Bewilligung des BAZG.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 65 Abs. 1

  “Waren, die in einem Zollfreilager gelagert werden sollen, sind der zuständigen Zoll- stelle zur Einlagerung anzumelden und in das Zollfreilager zu verbringen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 65 Abs. 2

  “In Zollfreilagern dürfen Waren beliebig lange gelagert werden.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZG Art. 66 Abs. 1

  “Die Lagerhalterin oder der Lagerhalter muss über alle eingelagerten sensiblen Wa- ren Bestandesaufzeichnungen führen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV (SR 631.01, Stand 1 Oct 2024) Art. 178a Abs. 1

  “Die anmeldepflichtige Person muss sensible Waren bei der Einlagerung ins Zollfrei- lager elektronisch anmelden.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Art. 182 Abs. 2

  “Sie oder er muss zudem für sensible Waren eine Bestandesaufzeichnung führen.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 2

  “Sie muss elektronisch geführt werden.”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), ZV Anhang 2 Ziff. 5 (sensitive goods; the section id carries footnote 193 glued to the label)

  “Perlen, Diamanten, Edelsteine, Schmucksteine, Edelmetalle und Edel- metallplattierungen sowie Waren daraus (ex Zolltarifkapitel 71)”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-10-50 Ziff. 1.1 (levies not raised)

  “Dabei wird auf das Erheben der Abgaben, auf deren Sicherstellung und auf die Anwendung handelspolitischer Massnahmen”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), MWSTG Art. 23 Abs. 2 Ziff. 3bis

  “die Lieferung von Gegenständen, die wegen Einlagerung in einem Zollfreilager (Art. 62-66 ZG) nachweislich im Inland unter Zollüberwachung standen und diesen Zollstatus nicht rückwirkend verloren haben”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), Embrach

  “Zürcher Freilager AG, GVZ Embraport”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), Genève La Praille and Genève Aéroport

  “Ports Francs et Entrepôts de Genève SA”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG-VG (20 June 2025, not in force) Art. 64

  “Zolllager sind vom BAZG zugelassene Orte im Zollgebiet”

• Swiss Customs Act (ZG); Customs Ordinance (ZV) (articles in refs), BAZG-VG Art. 65 Abs. 2

  “Als Zolllager können bewilligt werden:”

Screen the bars, buyer and destination against Swiss sanctions before release: no purchase, import, transit or related services (including brokerage and financing) for gold of Russian origin exported after 4 Aug 2022 or gold processed from it in third countries

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

[transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 read in an unofficial third-party English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024, held in laws/); Annex 26 covers 7108, 7112 91 and ex 7118 90 gold coins; Annex 27 ex 7113 and ex 7114. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is now Stand 21 Sep 2026 and was not read (the fetch tool truncates before Art. 14d); changes after March 2024 are not ruled out. The ordinance contains no explicit ban on selling gold to Russia; the export-side effect is through the services ban.

• Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d

Release the bars from the refinery vault or free port against the owner's instruction and prepare the weight list (bar list), commercial invoice and packing list for the shipment

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يُصدر

Outbound weight list / bar list; Commercial invoice to the foreign buyer; Packing list

The weight list is sourced to LBMA Annex C; commercial invoice and packing list are standard export practice, not read in a Swiss source.

• LBMA Good Delivery Rules, Annex C (weight lists); Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)

Lodge the electronic export declaration in Passar (HS 7108; e-dec Export was usable only to end-2025); the declarant must make it binding and physically export the goods within 120 days of its acceptance in the IT system

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يُصدر

Passar export declaration (HS 7108)

R-10-10 (valid 1 Jan 2026) cites Art. 25-29 ZG and Art. 79-83 ZV for the declaration duty, says declarations are electronic in principle, and sets the 120-day limit from acceptance in the IT system. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28; the Customs Act and Ordinance texts themselves were not read. R-10-10 has no gold-specific rule.

• Customs Act (ZG, SR 631.0); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 25-29 (as cited in R-10-10)

Receive the export assessment notice (Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr), the evidence that the goods were properly cleared for export

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يُصدر

Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr

R-10-10 cites Art. 38 and 69 ZG and Art. 92 ZV for the export assessment notice and says it is evidence of proper assessment and of export for VAT. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28.

• Customs Act (ZG); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 38 and 69; ZV Art. 92 (as cited in R-10-10)

Treat the sale as a VAT-exempt export (supply of goods directly transported abroad) and keep the export assessment notice as evidence

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يتطلب

Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr

Art. 23(2) no. 1 read in the held MWSTG (Stand 1 Jan 2025, German wording current). Art. 23(3): direct export includes export into an open customs warehouse or a free port. Investment gold of at least 995 fineness is separately exempt with credit under Art. 23(2) no. 12 (see ch.tax-import-vat).

• Federal VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 23(2) no. 1

Hand the sealed consignment to a secure valuables carrier and fly it out (Zurich or Geneva) under an air waybill

من

Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)

يُصدر

Air waybill (outbound)

Carrier practice. Cantonal licensing: in the Canton of Zurich "Sicherheitstransporte von Personen, Gütern und Wertsachen" require a licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page, read by WebFetch 2026-09-28; PolG text not read). Geneva and other cantons not checked. No Swiss source read describes the outbound air leg for gold.

Onboard the foreign depositor: KYC pack, mined-material questionnaire, refining agreement; apply LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance / OECD due diligence

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يُصدر

Refiner KYC pack on foreign depositor; KYC questionnaire for mined material; Refining agreement with depositor

Rand Refinery states KYC and conflict-free sourcing policies; its depositor requirements and the RGG text were not read in this pass.

Hold a current SADPMR permit to import unwrought precious metal (Form PMI: quantity, fineness, form, value, period, ports, countries of origin, purpose)

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يتطلب

SADPMR refining licence; SAPS police clearance certificate

يُصدر

SADPMR permit to import precious metals

• Precious Metals Act; Precious Metals Regulations, s.10(1)-(2); regs 21-22

Ship dore by air to Johannesburg with the origin country's export authorisation, export declaration and assay

من

Foreign mine or exporter depositing doré

يتطلب

Origin country's export authorisation for the gold (permit, licence or clearance issued by the mining or trade authority); Export customs declaration accepted by the dispatching country's customs; Assay certificate (fineness and fine weight); Air waybill

يُصدر

Air waybill, origin to Johannesburg (OR Tambo)

[unconfirmed] PMA s.10(2)(b) requires the importer to declare and prove the origin of the metal in the permit application, and s.10(4) says the permit states the origin; which origin-country documents must accompany each shipment is not stated in any text read. The listed hand-off kinds are the model's route logic.

Enter the doré for customs with SARS on a bill of entry for import (the metal must be duly entered for customs under reg 21(4)(b)); entry may be refused if the Regulator considers it of dubious origin or incorrectly declared (reg 21(5))

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يتطلب

SADPMR permit to import precious metals; Air waybill, origin to Johannesburg (OR Tambo)

يُصدر

SARS import declaration for dore

[not-read] Customs and Excise Act procedure, tariff heading 7108 and import VAT on doré not read (Act not held). Manual C(G): gold import applications are referred to SADPMR.

• Precious Metals Regulations; Customs and Excise Act 1964, reg 21(4)(b), 21(5)

  “A precious metal may be refused entry into the South Africa if - (a) that precious metal is in the opinion of the Regulator of dubious origin; or (b) that precious metal has been incorrectly described or declared.”

Carry the dore from the airport to the refinery with the reg 26 waybill; SADPMR or SAPS may inspect imported metal

من

Secure carrier of precious metal

يُصدر

Waybill, port of entry to refinery

• Precious Metals Act, s.10(3), s.13; reg 26

Submit specimens of the imported metal to the SAPS Forensic Science Laboratory

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يُصدر

Specimen submission (importer)

• Precious Metals Act, s.22(1)

  “Any producer or any person who imports precious metal must submit to the Forensic Science Laboratory of the South African Police Service such specimens of any precious metals produced or imported by him or her as may be prescribed.”

Weigh, melt, sample and assay each lot on receipt; issue outturn (final assay and fine weight) to the depositor

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يتطلب

Refining agreement with depositor

يُصدر

Refiner outturn / assay report

Refine at the licensed premises and cast 400 oz Good Delivery bars, kilobars (995-999.9), minted bars (10/50/100 g, 999.9) or grain

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يُصدر

Refiner bar list for bars produced

الشكل

Doré bar - unstamped → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar

• Precious Metals Act; Precious Metals Regulations, s.7(1), 7(5); reg 28 (minted bars)

Record receipts and outputs in the PMR2 register within 24 hours

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يُصدر

PMR2 refinery register entry / quarterly copy

• Precious Metals Act, s.15(1); reg 33

Publish annual responsible-gold / LBMA compliance report

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يُصدر

Refiner responsible gold / LBMA compliance report

Credit fine gold to the depositor's metal account and hold the bars in the refinery vault pending sale or export

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يتطلب

Refiner outturn / assay report; Refiner bar list for bars produced

يُصدر

Metal account credit / settlement confirmation

Rand Refinery lists vault and logistics services; account terms not seen.

Domestic sale: supply bars to a registered bank, the SARB or the SA Mint on a tax invoice, zero-rated only if the gold has not undergone a prior manufacturing process other than refining; otherwise 15% VAT

من

Refining-licence holder (refinery)

يُصدر

Tax invoice to bank/SARB/Mint (zero-rated s.11(1)(f) or standard-rated)

[transcription] s.11(1)(f) wording from Lueven para [1]; VAT Act not held.

• Value-Added Tax Act 1991, s.11(1)(f)

Export sale: the Authorised Dealer reports the export proceeds with the SARS customs declaration details (customs client number, unique consignment reference); FinSurv monitors receipt electronically

من

Authorised dealer in foreign exchange (commercial bank)

يتطلب

SARS customs declaration / bill of entry for export

• Currency and Exchanges Manual, B.18(D)

Receive the full export proceeds not later than six months from the date of shipment (an Authorised Dealer may allow credit of up to 12 months), in foreign currency or rand from a non-resident account; offer the proceeds for sale to an Authorised Dealer within 30 days or deal with them under the CFC account rules

من

Authorised dealer in foreign exchange (commercial bank)

يتطلب

SWIFT MT103 payment confirmation (bank-to-bank, authenticated)

يُصدر

Inbound payment of export proceeds

• Exchange Control Regulations; Currency and Exchanges Manual, Regs 6, 10, 11; B.18(B); C(F)(ii)

Receive payment within three months (90 days) from export or when contractually due

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

Receipt of export proceeds

• Exchange Control Regulations SI 109/1996; Exchange Control (General) Order SI 110/1996; RBZ FX Guidelines FXD5/2026, Regulations ss.5, 21; General Order s.13(2) ('within three months from the date of export'); Guidelines para 3.2.2

Pre-acquit the Form CD1 within 48 hours of receiving the proceeds

من

Authorised dealer bank

يُصدر

CD1 acquittal (proceeds received)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.7

Sell 30% of gross proceeds to the RBZ at the weighted-average willing-buyer willing-seller interbank rate; the exporter keeps 70% indefinitely (50% surrender where proceeds were overdue)

من

Authorised dealer bank

يُصدر

Sale of 30% surrender portion to RBZ at the WBWS interbank rate

[unconfirmed] Whether the general 30% surrender applies to FGR's own gold export proceeds is not stated. The February 2026 MPS (para 233) keeps 70% retention for all sectors 'with the exception of small-scale gold producers, whose retention shall be 90%'.

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026); FXD5/2026, FXG para 3.2.3; FXD5 para 2.2