Australia (refine) → Hong Kong (China SAR) → United Kingdom · Retail investment-gold sale by a dealer (HVD rules for cash)

حيث تبدأ البضاعة

Doré bar - unstamped → 999.9 kilobar

• Export duty on gold

  None All exports, including gold

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

• NSW gold royalty

  4% of ex-mine value

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Mining Act 1992 (NSW)

• Queensland gold royalty

  2.5% of value if the average market price for the return period is at or below A$600/oz (reference price 1); 5% if at or above A$890/oz (reference price 2); in between 2.5 + (PD/RFD) x 2.5 per cent, rounded down to 0.02%

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Mineral Resources (Royalty) Regulation 2025 (Qld), s.22; s.26; Sch 1 Pt 1 ss.1-2

• Victorian gold royalty

  2.75%

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Mineral Resources (Sustainable Development) (Mineral Industries) Regulations 2019 (Vic), regs 4, 5, 6(1A)-(1B), 8, 74

• WA gold royalty (Mining Regulations 1981)

  2.5%

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Mining Regulations 1981 (WA), r. 86AA(1), (4), (6), (7)

• WA gold royalty

  2.5% Gold metal (at least 99.5% pure) taken to be produced on delivery of gold-bearing material to a refinery within 3 months of extraction (r. 31), otherwise on the day after the 3-month refining period (r. 32), or, for gold-bearing material exported as concentrate or crushed/screened material, when the ship arrives at the unloading place (r. 33)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Mining (Royalties) Regulations 2025 (WA), rr. 9, 10, 13(2)(a), 14, 21, 22, 30-33; Sch 1 Div 2

• Buying or selling bullion (gold, silver, platinum or palladium as a bar, coin, ingot, plate, wafer or like form, bearing a mark guaranteeing fineness and traded by reference to the spot price) in the course of carrying on a bullion-dealing business is a designated service: enrolment, AML/CTF program…

  نص القانون

  • AML/CTF Act 2006, s.5 (bullion); s.6(3) table 2 item 1; ss.39E, 41, 43, 51B

• Buying or selling precious metal (gold, silver, platinum-group metals, or an alloy with at least 2% of them, manufactured or not), precious stones or precious products in the course of carrying on a business, where the purchase involves physical currency and/or virtual assets totalling $10,000 or mo…

  $10,000 in physical currency and/or virtual assets

  نص القانون

  • AML/CTF Act 2006 as amended by the AML/CTF Amendment Act 2024, s.5A; s.6(3) table 2 item 2; Amendment Act s.2 and Sch 3 Pt 4 items 11-12

    “buying or selling one or more of the following items in the course of carrying on a business, where the purchase involves the transfer of physical currency or virtual assets (or a combination of physical currency and virtual assets) with a total value of not less than $10,000, whether the purchase is made in a single transaction or in several transactions that are linked or appear to be linked: (a) precious metal; (b) precious stones; (c) precious products”

• Export markets accept Australian bars through the refiner's LBMA Good Delivery listing and exchange accreditations (CME, SGE, OSE, DGCX for the Perth Mint).

  ممارسة السوق

• No economy-wide cap on cash payments was found. Reporting entities must report threshold transactions (transfers of $10,000 or more in physical currency) to AUSTRAC within 10 business days (s.43; s.5). Moving monetary instruments worth $10,000 or more into or out of Australia must be reported (s.53)…

  $10,000 (reporting, not a limit)

  نص القانون

  • AML/CTF Act 2006, ss.5, 43, 53

    “monetary instrument means any of the following: (a) physical currency; (b) a bearer negotiable instrument; (c) a thing prescribed by the AML/CTF Rules.”

• No foreign-exchange control or repatriation requirement on gold export proceeds was identified.

  غير مؤكَّد

• No export permit or licence for gold (it is not a prohibited export). The owner must enter goods for export by an export declaration and may not load them without an authority to deal (export entry advice); consignments with an FOB value of $2,000 or less are exempt unless a permission is required. …

  FOB value above $2,000

  نص القانون

  • Customs Act 1901, ss.113(1)-(2A), 113AA, 114, 114C, 116

    “an FOB value not exceeding $2,000 or such other amount as is prescribed”

• Origin and CAHRA due diligence on supplies is imposed on Australian refiners by the LBMA RGG as a Good Delivery condition, not by Australian statute.

  مصدر ثانوي

• Importing, purchasing or transporting gold (HS 7108) that was exported from Russia after 30 Sep 2022 is a sanctioned import (Designation Sch 1 item 16; AS Regulations reg 4A(1)-(3)) and an offence unless authorised by a permit of the Minister for Foreign Affairs under reg 18(1)(b) (reg 12A); it exte…

  نص القانون

  • Autonomous Sanctions (Import Sanctioned Goods-Russia) Designation 2022 Sch 1 item 16; Autonomous Sanctions Regulations 2011 regs 4A, 12A, 18; Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 s.16

• Supplying, selling or transferring an item of gold, precious metals and diamonds so that it is transferred to the Government of Syria (or its public bodies, agents or controlled entities) is a sanctioned supply, and importing or purchasing such an item from them is a sanctioned import; both are offe…

  نص القانون

  • Autonomous Sanctions Regulations 2011, regs 4(4), 4A(4), 12, 12A, 18

في الطريق

• Customs duty on gold

  Nil All gold imports and exports; the Ordinance applies only to alcoholic liquors, tobacco, aircraft spirit, light diesel oil, motor spirit, kerosene and methyl alcohol (s.3(1))

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Dutiable Commodities Ordinance (Cap. 109), ss. 3(1), 4(1)

• Profits tax on gold trading profits

  Corporations: 8.25% on the first HK$2,000,000 of assessable profits and 16.5% above (Sch. 8B s.2(a)); unincorporated businesses: 7.5% and 15% (Sch. 8A s.2); years of assessment from 1 April 2018 Trading profits of Hong Kong gold dealers; not a transaction tax

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Inland Revenue Ordinance (Cap. 112), s. 14; Schs. 8A, 8B

    “Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, profits tax shall be charged for each year of assessment on every person carrying on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong in respect of his assessable profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong for that year from such trade, profession or business (excluding profits arising from the sale of capital assets)”

• VAT / GST on gold

  None (Hong Kong has no VAT or GST) Import and sale of gold

  غير مؤكَّدالمبلغ غير مؤكد

• Import/export declaration charge

  Nil on declarations relating to gold bars (reg. 8(4)); C&SD defines these as gold bars of fineness 995.0 or above, HKHS codes 7108 1210 and 7108 2010, declared on Forms 1B/2B. Other gold (e.g. dore below 995.0): HK$0.20 for value up to HK$46,000, then 12.5 cents per additional HK$1,000 or part, rounded up to 10 cents, capped at HK$200 per declaration (reg. 8(1)(b)-(d), (1AA)) Each import and export declaration

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Import and Export (Registration) Regulations (Cap. 60E), reg. 8(1), (1AA), (4); reg. 7

    “No charge shall be payable under paragraph (1)(b), (c) or (d) in respect of a declaration relating to gold bars within the meaning of the Imports and Exports Classification List”

• A Category B registrant must, before a specified cash transaction (cash of HK$120,000 or more) with a customer, identify and verify the customer and any beneficial owner, obtain the purpose of a business relationship and verify anyone acting for the customer (Sch. 2 ss.2, 3(1)(b)); obtain senior-man…

  Cash payment of HK$120,000 or more

  نص القانون

  • AMLO (Cap. 615) s. 5A and Sch. 2; C&ED Guideline for Category B registrants, s. 5A(5A)-(5B); Sch. 2 ss. 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 19, 20; s. 53ZVF

    “for a period of at least 5 years beginning on the date on which the transaction is completed”

• A non-Hong Kong dealer (an individual not ordinarily resident, or a foreign legal person that is neither a registered non-Hong Kong company nor a re-domiciled company; no place of business in Hong Kong; business in Hong Kong on no more than 60 days a year) is outside registration but must report eac…

  HK$120,000 cash

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • AMLO (Cap. 615) Part 5C, ss. 53ZTZ, 53ZUA(2), 53ZVK; Sch. 3J

• Any person who knows or suspects that property represents proceeds of, or was or is intended to be used in connection with, an indictable offence (OSCO s.25A(1)) or drug trafficking (DTROP s.25A(1)), or that property is terrorist property (UNATMO s.12(1)), must disclose it to an authorized officer (…

  نص القانون

  • OSCO (Cap. 455), DTROP (Cap. 405), UNATMO (Cap. 575), Cap. 455 s. 25A; Cap. 405 s. 25A; Cap. 575 s. 12

    “Where a person knows or suspects that any property— (a) in whole or in part directly or indirectly represents any person’s proceeds of; (b) was used in connection with; or (c) is intended to be used in connection with, an indictable offence, he shall as soon as it is reasonable for him to do so disclose that knowledge or suspicion … to an authorized officer”

• Hong Kong applies only UN Security Council sanctions, through regulations the Chief Executive makes under Cap. 537 on instructions from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (ss.2-3); dealing with funds or economic resources of designated persons without a licence is an offence under those regulations (C&…

  نص القانون

  • United Nations Sanctions Ordinance (Cap. 537), ss. 2-3

    “the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China”

• Currency and bearer negotiable instruments above HK$120,000 (Sch. 4) must be declared by arriving travellers (s.4), disclosed on request by other arrivals and by departing travellers (ss.5-6), and declared in advance electronically when moved as cargo in one batch (ss.9-11). "CBNI" means notes or co…

  HK$120,000 of CBNIs

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Cap. 629, ss. 2, 4-6, 9-11; Sch. 4

• The central clearing system accepts only about-400-oz bars meeting international standards (in effect LBMA Good Delivery) into designated vaults, held unallocated and commingled.

  إرشاد رسمي

  • Clearing Rulebook

• No new commodity exchange may be established or operated for gold, silver or the other listed commodities (Cap. 82 s.4 and Schedule items 6, 13; fine HK$500,000 plus HK$50,000 a day), except an exchange "which was in operation on 20 June 1973" (s.3(d)) or a recognized futures market under the Securi…

  نص القانون

  • Commodity Exchanges (Prohibition) Ordinance (Cap. 82), ss. 3(d)-(e), 4; Schedule

    “(e) a recognized futures market”

• Anyone who by way of business trades in, imports, exports, manufactures, refines or carries out value-adding work on precious metals (gold "in a manufactured or unmanufactured state"), issues or trades precious-asset-backed instruments, or acts as intermediary (s.53ZU(1)) must be registered before c…

  HK$120,000 per transaction or linked transactions

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • AMLO (Cap. 615) Part 5C, ss. 53ZTZ, 53ZU, 53ZUA, 53ZUE; Schs. 3H, 3I

• Only bars from HKGX authorised minters (13 members) are good delivery on the exchange, by type: 99 gold 5-tael, 999.9 gold kilo, 999.9 gold 5-tael and 999.9 silver 15 kg.

  ممارسة السوق

  • HKGX rules

• A Legislative Council question of May 2026 refers to "the current 50-gram limit" on gold products for personal use carried by Mainland visitors, and asks about "simplifying the tax collection process for amounts exceeding the limit"; the limit is a Mainland rule. The Government replied only that Hon…

  50 g (per LegCo question; Mainland rule not read)

  مصدر ثانويالمبلغ غير مؤكد

• Gold entering the Mainland from Hong Kong under general trade needs a PBOC Gold and Gold Products Import/Export Permit presented to customs (Art. 3), issued only to qualified importers (Art. 8, e.g. financial-institution members or market makers of the State Council-approved gold exchange); "one bat…

  نص القانون

  • PBOC/GACC gold import-export measures (Order [2015] No. 1, amended 2020), Arts. 3, 4, 6, 8, 17, 20

• No import or export licence, permit or duty applies to gold. Licences are needed only for articles listed in the regulations under Cap. 60 (s.6C: Cap. 60A Sch. 1; s.6D: Cap. 60A Sch. 2; s.6A: strategic commodities), and gold is not listed in Cap. 60A Schedules 1-2. The only customs formality is the …

  نص القانون

  • Import and Export Ordinance (Cap. 60) and regulations, Cap. 60 ss. 6A, 6C, 6D; Cap. 60A Schs. 1-2; Cap. 60E regs 3-5

حيث تصل البضاعة

• Customs duty on gold (UK Global Tariff)

  0.00% (third-country duty on 7108 12 00 00; preferential rates also 0.00%) HS 7108 12 00 00 non-monetary gold, other unwrought forms (read); 7108 13 and 7112 91 not held

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Customs Tariff (Establishment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1430), as shown on the tariff

• Import VAT on investment gold

  Exempt Bars/wafers 995+ of a weight accepted by the bullion markets; qualifying coins

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • VAT Act 1994 Sch 9 Group 15; VAT Notice 701/21 s.8.1; UK tariff additional code VATE

• Import VAT on non-investment gold

  20% (standard rate; tariff code 03020) Doré, grain, scrap, bars below 995, non-qualifying coins

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • VAT Notice 701/21, s10.7

• VAT exemption for supplies of investment gold (with option to tax)

  Exempt Supplies of investment gold (incl. rights to it, unallocated gold, loans, swaps, forwards and futures; not options) and agents' services for them; not between an LBMA member and a taxable non-member (standard-rated, SAS)

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • VAT Act 1994 Sch 9 Group 15; VAT (Investment Gold) Order 1999

• Special accounting scheme (reverse charge) for gold

  20%, accounted for by the buyer Standard-rated B2B supplies between VAT-registered (or liable) persons: fine gold, gold grain, gold coins (not margin-scheme), gold-containing goods priced at no more than a negligible amount above the gold value, investment gold on which the option to tax is exercised or supplied between an LBMA member and a non-member, and treatment/processing services producing such gold (Notice 701/21 s.11.2)

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • VAT Act 1994 s.55 (named in VGOLD1700; statute not held)

• Zero rate for London Bullion Market and central-bank gold transactions

  0% Investment gold (incl. futures and options) between taxable LBMA members (TMO; Notice 701/9 s.3.2.4); gold, rights to or part interests in gold held in the UK between central banks or between a central bank and an LBM member (VATA Sch 8 Group 10; Notice 701/21 s.10.4). Not zero-rated: investment gold between an LBMA member and a taxable non-member (standard-rated, special accounting scheme); a futures contract between a member and a non-member that leads to physical delivery (Notice 701/9 s.3.3.2).

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • VAT (Terminal Markets) Order 1973 art. 2(2), (4) and arts 4-7; VATA 1994 s.50, Sch 8 Group 10

• HMRC MLR registration and annual supervision fee

  Not read

  إرشاد رسمي

• The UK tariff attaches to 7108 12 00 00 a "Restriction on entry into free circulation for Belarus" (from 30 Sep 2023; legal base SI 2023/616) and a "Restriction on export for Belarus" (legal base SI 2022/748): allowed with document code 9011 (DBT licence, GBSAN reference) or 9022 (not subject to / e…

  إرشاد رسمي

  • Republic of Belarus (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 as amended

• A trader accepting or making a cash payment of GBP 10,000 or more for goods (single or linked) is a high value dealer: must register with HMRC first and apply CDD. Threshold changed from EUR 10,000 to GBP 10,000 with effect from 30 Jun 2026.

  GBP 10,000 cash (EUR 10,000 before 30 Jun 2026)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • MLR 2017 as amended by SI 2026/621, regs 14, 27(3); SI 2026/621 reg 9

• Regulated firms apply CDD on a business relationship, a transfer of funds over GBP 800, an occasional transaction of GBP 12,000+ (HVDs: cash GBP 10,000+), suspicion or doubt; EDD for PEPs, non-face-to-face and FATF call-for-action countries (reg 33 as amended 30 Jun 2026); keep records 5 years; nomi…

  Occasional transactions GBP 12,000 (general); GBP 10,000 cash (HVD); transfer of funds GBP 800 (from 30 Jun 2026; previously 15,000 / 10,000 / 1,000 euros)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • MLR 2017, reg 27

• The import into the United Kingdom of gold originating from Russia is prohibited where it was exported from Russia on or after the relevant day. The ban goes by origin, so it applies whichever country the gold is shipped from.

  نص القانون

  • The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 14) Regulations 2022, inserting reg 46Z11 into SI 2019/855, reg 46Z11(1)

    “The import of gold originating from Russia is prohibited, where that gold has been exported from Russia on or after the relevant day.”

• No Great Britain statute imposing CAHRA/OECD due diligence on gold importers was found. Responsible-sourcing duties in London come from the LBMA (RGG mandatory for Good Delivery refiners since 2012; annual audit; Incident Review Process) and the GBI country-of-origin reporting (monthly, mandatory fr…

  معيار

  • LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance / Good Delivery Rules

• UK persons may not provide financial services for foreign exchange reserve and asset management to the Central Bank of Russia, the National Wealth Fund or the Russian Ministry of Finance (or persons owned, controlled or acting for them); the reserves include bullion such as gold - "it is prohibited …

  إرشاد رسمي

  • Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, reg 18A (as named in the statutory guidance)

• Only Good Delivery bars settle loco London: 350-430 fine troy oz, minimum 995.0 fineness, marks = refiner stamp, assay mark, fineness, serial number (max 11 digits or characters), month and year of manufacture (MMYY, since Jan 2019); no laser engraving. Vault managers have complete discretion and an…

  معيار

  • LBMA Good Delivery Rules 2026; LPMCL account agreements, GD Rules 2.1.5, 2.1.7, 2.4

• The Hallmarking Act 1973 regulates describing articles as gold; Schedule 1 Part II exempts "Any raw material (including any bar, plate, sheet, foil, rod, wire, strip or tube) or bullion" (para 7) and coins that are or were current coin of the UK or any other territory (para 3). Bullion bars and lega…

  نص القانون

  • Hallmarking Act 1973

• Dealers in exempt investment gold must identify customers (one List 1 and one List 2 document), issue invoices with prescribed details, keep records at least 6 years and notify HMRC within 28 days when an exempt supply first exceeds GBP 5,000 or supplies to one customer exceed GBP 10,000 in 12 month…

  GBP 5,000 per supply / GBP 10,000 per customer per 12 months

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • VAT Regulations 1995; VAT tertiary legislation, reg 31A

• LBMA suspended six Russian refiners (Krastsvetmet, Novosibirsk, Uralelectromed, Moscow Special Alloys, Prioksky, Shyolkovsky) from the Good Delivery List on 7 Mar 2022; their bars made from that date are not Good Delivery; stocks already in loco London/Swiss before then remain Good Delivery.

  معيار

  • LBMA Good Delivery List

• Import of gold originating in Russia that was exported from Russia on or after 21 Jul 2022 is prohibited (reg 46Z11); so are acquiring gold that originated in and is located in Russia with the intention that it enter the UK (46Z12), supplying or delivering gold that originated in Russia on or after …

  none

  نص القانون

  • Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 as amended by SI 2022/850, regs 46Z11-46Z16; Sch 3G

• Import of relevant processed gold - gold processed (altered, transformed or otherwise operated on) in a third country that incorporates gold which on or after 21 Jul 2022 originated in and was exported from Russia - is prohibited (46Z16C), as is import of gold jewellery (Sch 3G Part 3) originating i…

  نص القانون

  • SI 2022/1110 (Chapter 4JA), regs 46Z16B, 46Z16C, 46Z16D-46Z16I

• All smuggled gold may be liable to forfeiture under the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, even in the hands of an innocent buyer; HMRC advises buyers to check where the gold came from, whether it was declared at import with import VAT paid, and warning signs (below-market price, quick settleme…

  إرشاد رسمي

  • Customs and Excise Management Act 1979; VAT Notice 701/21 s.14

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