Switzerland (refine) → Russian Federation → India · Sale of bullion on IIBX
القانون العام والإرشادات الرسمية منشورة بوصفها أبحاثاً. ليست مشورة قانونية أو ضريبية أو مالية.
البحث نفسه مكتوب بالإنجليزية. العناوين والوسوم مترجمة؛ أما النتائج والاقتباسات فغير مترجمة.
اسأل البحث
المسار مرحلة بمرحلة
كل خطوة وضريبة وضابط كما يسجلها البحث، مع أساسها القانوني ومدى وثوق البحث بها.
سويسرا (Doré bar - unstamped → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar) ⟶ روسيا (LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar) ⟶ الهند (LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar)
غير مدروس: سويسرا → روسيا
المرحلة 1: سويسرا
حيث تبدأ البضاعة
Doré bar - unstamped → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar
- 1
Weigh-in, seal-check, drill/dip-sample, fire-assay (ASTM E1335/ISO 11426) the incoming 995 bar
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يتطلب
- Refining/re-refining agreement, Swiss refiner; Refiner file on the Dubai supplier: identity, commercial-register extract, proof of lawful acquisition (export permit/declaration, mining licence where applicable), SECO embargo check, origin clarification (kept for the period the EMKV sets: zehn Jahren)
- يُصدر
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion
معيار[unconfirmed] Weigh-in, seal check and ISO 11426 are not in the sources read; ASTM E1335-24 covers fire assay of bullion, and Valcambi describes fire assay of drillings from samples taken from the melt of the received material.
Fire assay standard practice
- 2
Pay the Dubai counterparty for the imported bar once the Swiss refiner's own assay confirms fine content
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يتطلب
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
- يُصدر
- Final invoice from the Dubai seller (against Swiss outturn assay); Settlement wire, Swiss refiner -> Dubai counterparty
مصدر ثانويRefining/sale contract; SWIFT MT103
- 3
Wohlwill electrolytic re-refine to 999.9, or cast directly to LBMA Good Delivery 400oz spec (995 min) if already qualifying
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يتطلب
- Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland)
- الشكل
- Pre-refined 995 bar (e.g. 'Dubai 995') → LBMA Good Delivery 400oz bar
معيار[unconfirmed] Wohlwill electrolytic refining to 999.9 is industry practice not described in the Good Delivery Rules, which set only the bar specification (350-430 fine troy ounces, minimum fineness 995.0).
LBMA Good Delivery Rules (bar spec, marking)
- 4
Stamp each bar with the melting-licence holder's stamp (Stempelzeichen); bars for resale are assayed by a control office or sworn trade assayer and marked with fineness and the assayer's mark; for LBMA Good Delivery bars also serial number, fineness to four figures and year
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يُصدر
- Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)
نص القانونSerial number and year are LBMA requirements, not Swiss law. The earlier wording "registered responsibility mark" was wrong for bars (that mark, EMKG Art. 9, applies to finished wares). EMKV marking articles (Arts. 169, 173) were read only as restated by the BAZG (Vorschriften Dec 2023, held); the EMKV text is not yet held.
PMCA (EMKG, SR 941.31); BAZG R-247; LBMA Good Delivery Rules, EMKG Art. 31(1); R-247 s.3.4.1; LBMA GD Rules s.2.1.7
- 5
File annual LBMA RGG independent assurance report; and (if volume threshold met) CO 964j-l conflict-minerals public report
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يُصدر
- LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance annual assurance report; CO 964j-l conflict-minerals due-diligence public report
معيار[time-limited] RGG v9 applies until RGG v10 takes effect: implementation 1 Jan-31 Dec 2027, first v10 audits for the reporting year ending 31 Dec 2027 (consultation closed 10 Jul 2026).
LBMA RGG v9; CO Art. 964j-964l
- 6
Screen the bars, buyer and destination against Swiss sanctions before release: no purchase, import, transit or related services (including brokerage and financing) for gold of Russian origin exported after 4 Aug 2022 or gold processed from it in third countries
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
نص القانون[transcription] Art. 14d paras 1-4 read in an unofficial third-party English translation (as at 22 Mar 2024, held in laws/); Annex 26 covers 7108, 7112 91 and ex 7118 90 gold coins; Annex 27 ex 7113 and ex 7114. [unconfirmed] The official consolidation is now Stand 21 Sep 2026 and was not read (the fetch tool truncates before Art. 14d); changes after March 2024 are not ruled out. The ordinance contains no explicit ban on selling gold to Russia; the export-side effect is through the services ban.
Ordinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d
- 7
Release the bars from the refinery vault or free port against the owner's instruction and prepare the weight list (bar list), commercial invoice and packing list for the shipment
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يُصدر
- Outbound weight list / bar list; Commercial invoice to the foreign buyer; Packing list
معيارThe weight list is sourced to LBMA Annex C; commercial invoice and packing list are standard export practice, not read in a Swiss source.
LBMA Good Delivery Rules, Annex C (weight lists); Customs Act Arts. 62-66 (free ports)
- 8
Lodge the electronic export declaration in Passar (HS 7108; e-dec Export was usable only to end-2025); the declarant must make it binding and physically export the goods within 120 days of its acceptance in the IT system
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يُصدر
- Passar export declaration (HS 7108)
إرشاد رسميR-10-10 (valid 1 Jan 2026) cites Art. 25-29 ZG and Art. 79-83 ZV for the declaration duty, says declarations are electronic in principle, and sets the 120-day limit from acceptance in the IT system. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28; the Customs Act and Ordinance texts themselves were not read. R-10-10 has no gold-specific rule.
Customs Act (ZG, SR 631.0); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 25-29 (as cited in R-10-10)
- 9
Receive the export assessment notice (Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr), the evidence that the goods were properly cleared for export
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يُصدر
- Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr
إرشاد رسميR-10-10 cites Art. 38 and 69 ZG and Art. 92 ZV for the export assessment notice and says it is evidence of proper assessment and of export for VAT. R-10-10 held and read in full on 2026-09-28.
Customs Act (ZG); BAZG R-10-10, ZG Arts. 38 and 69; ZV Art. 92 (as cited in R-10-10)
- 10
Treat the sale as a VAT-exempt export (supply of goods directly transported abroad) and keep the export assessment notice as evidence
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يتطلب
- Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr
نص القانونArt. 23(2) no. 1 read in the held MWSTG (Stand 1 Jan 2025, German wording current). Art. 23(3): direct export includes export into an open customs warehouse or a free port. Investment gold of at least 995 fineness is separately exempt with credit under Art. 23(2) no. 12 (see ch.tax-import-vat).
Federal VAT Act (MWSTG, SR 641.20), Art. 23(2) no. 1
- 11
Hand the sealed consignment to a secure valuables carrier and fly it out (Zurich or Geneva) under an air waybill
- من
- Swiss refiner (melter/trade-assayer licence, LBMA Good Delivery-listed)
- يُصدر
- Air waybill (outbound)
غير مؤكَّدCarrier practice. Cantonal licensing: in the Canton of Zurich "Sicherheitstransporte von Personen, Gütern und Wertsachen" require a licence under the Polizeigesetz, 9. Abschnitt (cantonal page, read by WebFetch 2026-09-28; PolG text not read). Geneva and other cantons not checked. No Swiss source read describes the outbound air leg for gold.
الضوابط
Banks identify the contracting party and beneficial owner for precious-metals trading and for cash transactions over CHF 15,000 (CDB 20; Form A, Form K).
CHF 15,000 cash
معيارالمبلغ غير مؤكدCDB 20 (SBA), CDB Art. 4(2)(f)-(g), 7, 20-21, 27-28
Melt material imported from abroad for sale in Switzerland needs a formal import declaration; simplified and oral declarations are excluded in principle. A buyer or licensee who accepts melt material that has not been through customs breaches due diligence under the PMCA: fine up to CHF 2,000 per ca…
إرشاد رسميBAZG Merkblatt 'Annahme von Schmelzgut aus dem Ausland' (Jan 2024)
Commercial production of melt products (bars, plates, rods, granules made by melting precious metal or melt material) requires a melt licence; acting without it is punishable by a fine (EMKG Art. 48). Every melt product must bear the licence holder's stamp; melt products for resale must be assayed b…
نص القانونEMKG/PMCA (SR 941.31), Arts. 1(2), 24, 31(1), 32-33, 47, 48
Holders of a melter licence may accept melt material only from persons who can prove lawful acquisition, and must verify the customer's identity by a probative document such as a passport or identity card. Where origin is doubtful or the offer comes from unknown persons, origin must be clarified wit…
نص القانونPMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
“Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung darf Schmelzgut nur von Per-”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 2 (parsed into section sch-2)
“Es muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Do- kumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168a Abs. 3 (parsed into section sch-2)
“Bestehen über die Herkunft der Ware Zweifel oder stammen die An- gebote von Unbekannten, so ist der Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung verpflichtet, die Herkunft des Schmelzgutes besonders sorgfältig abzu- klären.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
“derlichen organisatorischen Massnahmen, um das Schmelzen von Schmelzgut unrechtmässiger Herkunft zu verhindern.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 2 (parsed into section sch-2)
“so ist die Ware durch den Inhaber der Schmelzbewilligung bis zur Klärung des Falles in unverändertem Zu- stand aufzubewahren.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168b Abs. 3 (parsed into section sch-2)
“Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168c Abs. 1 (parsed into section sch-2)
“Der Inhaber einer Schmelzbewilligung muss über seine Ankäufe von Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten Buch führen.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), EMKV (SR 941.311, Stand 1 Jan 2024) Art. 168c Abs. 2 Bst. b (parsed into section sch-2)
“die in Artikel 168a Absatz 2 vorgeschriebenen Identifikations- nachweise;”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168a)
“Er muss die Identität des Kunden anhand eines beweiskräftigen Dokumentes wie Pass oder Identitätskarte überprüfen und muss sich vor Ausführung des Auftrages den rechtmässigen Erwerb des Schmelzgutes durch den Auftraggeber nachweisen lassen.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Schmelzen und Prüfen (Dec 2023) Ziff. 4.1.6 (restates Art. 168b Abs. 3)
“Die Dokumente über den Geschäftsverkehr mit Schmelzgut und Schmelzprodukten müssen während zehn Jahren aufbewahrt werden.”
PMCO/EMKV (articles in refs), BAZG Richtlinie R-247 (1 Jan 2023) Ziff. 3.3.2
“Bestehen Zweifel über die Herkunft des Materials oder in Bezug auf die Integrität des Kunden sind Bewilligungsinhaber verpflichtet, den Sachverhalt besonders sorgfältig abzuklären”
Purchase, import, transit and transport of gold (Annex 26) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 Aug 2022, and of gold processed from it in third countries, are prohibited, as are related services (all kinds, including financial services, brokerage and technical assistance) and the …
نص القانونOrdinance of 4 March 2022 on measures in connection with the situation in Ukraine (SR 946.231.176.72), Art. 14d
Precious metals are 'sensitive goods' in free ports (Customs Ordinance Annex 2, as amended on 18 November 2015): the declarant must declare them electronically on entry into storage, and an electronic inventory record of them is kept per depositor and submitted by the warehouse keeper to customs on …
نص القانونCustoms Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917, ZV Anhang 2 (sensitive goods) as amended
“Anhang 2 wird wie folgt geändert:”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Anhang 2 Ziff. 5: precious metals ex tariff chapter 71
“Perlen, Diamanten, Edelsteine, Schmucksteine, Edelmetalle und Edel- metallplattierungen sowie Waren daraus (ex Zolltarifkapitel 71)”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917 Ziff. IV: in force
“Diese Verordnung tritt am 1. Januar 2016 in Kraft.”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 178a Abs. 1: electronic declaration on entry into the free port
“Die anmeldepflichtige Person muss sensible Waren bei der Einlagerung ins Zoll- freilager elektronisch anmelden.”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 185: inventory record per depositor
“Die Bestandesaufzeichnung für sensible Waren ist je Einlagererin oder je Einlagerer zu führen.”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 2: kept electronically
“Sie muss elektronisch geführt werden.”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), ZV Art. 184 Abs. 3bis: warehouse keeper submits it on request
“Auf Verlangen muss die Lagerhalterin oder der Lagerhalter der EZV die”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), AS 2015 4917, ZV Art. 246a: amendment date
“Übergangsbestimmungen zur Änderung vom 18. November 2015”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), BAZG R-10-50 (1 Jul 2025) s.1.3.1: export goods count as sensitive goods
“Ausfuhrwaren gelten als sensible Waren”
Customs Ordinance (ZV) as amended on 18 November 2015 (articles in refs), R-10-50 s.4.1: inventory records over all sensitive goods
“Bestandesaufzeichnungen nach den Grundsätzen der ordnungsgemässen Buchführung”
Cash threshold for dealers in goods (anti-money laundering)
نص القانونGwG Art. 8a(1)
“Händlerinnen und Händler nach Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Buchstabe b müssen folgende”
GwG Art. 8a(1)(a)
“Identifizierung der Vertragspartei (Art. 3 Abs. 1);”
Cash threshold for dealers in gold (anti-money laundering)
نص القانونGwG Art. 8a(1)
“Händlerinnen und Händler nach Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Buchstabe b müssen folgende”
GwG Art. 8a(1)(a)
“Identifizierung der Vertragspartei (Art. 3 Abs. 1);”
GwG Art. 8a(2bis)
“oder Edelsteinen beträgt die massgebende Schwelle im Sinne von Ab-”
EMKG Art. 1(1)
“Edelmetalle im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind Gold, Silber, Platin und Palladium.”
المرحلة 2: روسيا
في الطريق
- 12
File the FPP import-control application in GIIS DMDK with the foreign-trade contract, specification, document on precious-metal content and special-registration record
- من
- Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
- يتطلب
- Special-registration register entry (FPP); Assay certificate (fineness and fine weight); Commercial invoice
- يُصدر
- FPP application for import control
نص القانونEEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 4(a), Rules para 4(a)
- 13
State control at a specialised customs post (all goods except ores and concentrates), within 5 working days; act of state control
- من
- Federal Assay Chamber
- يتطلب
- FPP application for import control
- يُصدر
- Act of state control on import
نص القانونPresidential Decree 1137 para 19¹; EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 para 10, para 19¹
- 14
Declare the goods at a specialised customs post for release or processing, presenting the act of state control, and take delivery to the refinery
- من
- Importer of gold-bearing material for refining (refiner or special-registered company)
- يتطلب
- Act of state control on import
- يُصدر
- EAEU goods declaration for import / customs processing
نص القانون[not-read] Import duty and import VAT treatment of gold-bearing material not read.
EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 paras 4, 8, Regulation para 8
- 15
Screen buyer and destination: Russian-origin gold exported after the sanctions dates cannot be imported into the EU, UK, US, Switzerland or Japan, and Russian bars made from 7 Mar 2022 are not LBMA Good Delivery; sales go to non-sanctioning markets
- من
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
نص القانون - 16
Sign the export contract and issue the commercial invoice
- من
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- يُصدر
- Export contract with foreign buyer; Commercial invoice
نص القانون - 17
Apply to Minpromtorg for an export licence (one-off for a contract, or a general licence under Decree 1126 or 867); Minfin approves the application in GIIS DMDK within 10 working days (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026), except credit organisations' applications for refined gold, silver, platinum and palladium bars since 8 May 2026
- من
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- يتطلب
- Export contract with foreign buyer; Special-registration register entry (FPP)
- يُصدر
- Minfin conclusion (permissive document) approving an export-licence application (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026); EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general)
نص القانونLicence validity and issue time from EEC Council Decision 125 Rules paras 9 and 13: a one-off licence is valid up to 1 year from its start (may be limited to the contract term); a general licence up to 1 year; the licensing authority decides within 15 working days of receiving the documents unless the Commission decision introducing the measure sets another term. [unconfirmed] Decision 125's own in-force date depends on the Protocol of 25.05.2023 (see ru.law-eec-125).
Presidential Decree 1137, Regulation paras 4 and 22; Minfin Order 10n, paras 4, 22
- 18
File the application letter for FPP state control through GIIS DMDK with: the export licence copy (table-1 goods), the contract, the specification, the invoice, the calculation of the value of the precious metals (within 5% of world prices), special-registration record or bank licence, proof of lawful ownership, the precious-metal content document, technical documentation, the subsoil licence (mining subjects) and the document on the State Fund's refusal to buy (mining and producing subjects)
- من
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- يتطلب
- EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Export contract with foreign buyer; Commercial invoice; Document on the authorised bodies' refusal (non-exercise) to purchase; Passport for standard bar / certificate for measured bar of refined precious metal (FPP Order 154n; replaced by a single certificate under Order 144n from 1 Mar 2027)
- يُصدر
- Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK; Calculation of the value of precious metals in the consignment
نص القانون[transcription] EEC Board Decision 30 read in the ConsultantPlus copy published by the FPP; the FPP list reproduces the same paragraph.
EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) para 4(b); Minfin Order 11n (valuation), Rules para 4(b)
- 19
State control of the whole consignment within 5 working days: check against documents, origin, compliance with transaction rules, valuation, optional sampling; issue the act of state control (3 copies; the first for customs) or a refusal
- من
- Federal Assay Chamber
- يتطلب
- Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK
- يُصدر
- Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber
نص القانونEEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) paras 3, 8, 10; 41-FZ art. 26², Rules para 10
- 20
Lodge the export declaration at a specialised customs post, presenting the export licence and the act of state control
- من
- Licensed exporter (mining company, refiner or bank holding a Minpromtorg export licence)
- يتطلب
- EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber; Commercial invoice
- يُصدر
- Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs); Certificate of origin (general form) for non-EAEU destinations
نص القانون[not-read] The customs rules on the declaration itself were not read.
EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 paras 4-5; Presidential Decree 1137 para 19¹, Regulation paras 4-5
- 21
Carry the sealed consignment to the airport and hand to the airline (valuable cargo)
- من
- Secure carrier of valuables
- يتطلب
- Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs)
- يُصدر
- Packing list; Air waybill
غير مؤكَّدThe armed-escort rule (41-FZ art. 29(3)) covers transport to the airport; no rule on the hand-over to the airline was read.
Federal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)
الضرائب والرسوم
VAT on precious metals
0% on sales of precious metals by mining or producing taxpayers to the State Fund, regional funds, the Bank of Russia and banks (art. 164(1)(6)); 0% on goods exported under the export customs procedure (art. 164(1)(1)); 0% on ores and concentrates sold by miners to listed refiners for refining (art. 164(1)(6³)); exempt: sales of precious metals to the State Fund, CBR and banks by others, bank and CBR sales of bars to banks, sales of refined bars (except silver) by banks, refiners and Goznak to individuals, and bank sales of bars kept in the vault (art. 149(3)(9)); exempt: legal-tender precious-metal coins (art. 149(2)(11))
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدTax Code Part Two, ch. 21, arts. 149(2)(11), 149(3)(9), 164(1)(1), (6), (6³)
الضوابط
FPP state control of every import from and export to non-EAEU states of goods in tables 1 and 3 of section 2.10 (41-FZ art. 26²; Decree 1137 para 19(b)): the whole batch is presented (for ores and concentrates, HS 2616, the documents only) and controlled within 5 working days; checks of the batch a…
نص القانونEEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14, Annex 2 (Rules) paras 3, 4, 7, 8, 10; Presidential Decree 1137 paras 19, 19¹, Rules paras 3, 10
From 1 May 2026 export from Russia of refined gold in bars with a total weight over 100 g by individuals, legal entities and entrepreneurs is prohibited, except (a) to EAEU member states through the international airports Moscow (Vnukovo), Moscow (Domodedovo), Moscow (Sheremetyevo) and Vladivostok (…
Total weight over 100 g
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدPresidential Decree 193 of 25.03.2026; Government Decree 450 of 23.04.2026, para 2, para 4
Purchase and sale of precious metals (and jewellery and scrap) of RUB 1,000,000 or more is subject to mandatory control and reported to Rosfinmonitoring by the seller within 3 working days; individuals buying jewellery up to RUB 60,000 (RUB 400,000 with a personalised e-payment means) are not identi…
RUB 1,000,000
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدLaw 115-FZ, art. 6(1)(4) sixth paragraph; art. 7(1.4-2)
Only listed refiners, Goznak and credit organisations may sell refined (investment) bars to individuals, and retailers only bars received on commission or agency from them; buy-back dealers and pawnshops may pass bars bought from individuals only to refiners. Deals between individuals in precious me…
نص القانونGovernment Decree 604 of 15.05.2024 (Rules paras 3-4, 8); 41-FZ art. 22(6), Rules para 4
No gold-specific cash-payment limit was found. The RUB 1,000,000 mandatory-control threshold applies whatever the means of payment.
غير مؤكَّدExport to non-EAEU states of goods in tables 1 and 2 of section 2.10 of the EAEU Single List (table 1 includes refined gold in bars, plates, powder and granules, unique and non-refinable nuggets, other unwrought gold incl. dore, scrap, ores and concentrates) requires a licence issued by Minpromtorg …
نص القانونPresidential Decree 1137 (Regulation paras 4, 22, 23); EEC Board Decision 30, Annex 14 para 5; Minfin Order 10n, paras 4, 22, 23
Residents must receive export proceeds on their accounts in authorised banks (173-FZ art. 19(1)(1)). Under art. 19(8) this does not apply to contracts priced or payable in foreign currency, except for goods listed there; the list includes HS 7101-7103 and 7112 but not 7108 (gold). Where art. 19 appl…
نص القانونFederal Law 173-FZ art. 19; Presidential Decrees 79 (para 2) and 430, art. 19(1), (8)
Traceability: participants must record precious-metal operations in GIIS DMDK, with UINs and electronic accompanying documents between participants; refiners report receipt and shipment of metal in any form.
نص القانون41-FZ art. 12², art. 20(2); Government Decree 270 of 26.02.2021, art. 12²
Refined metal in standard form must, before it enters circulation, be offered by a purchase proposal to the State Fund institution under Minfin and to the authority of the mining region (where a regional fund exists) - for the next year by 31 December, with an additional proposal within 10 working d…
نص القانونFederal Law 41-FZ, art. 2(5), art. 20(4)-(5)
LBMA suspended six Russian refiners on 7 Mar 2022; their bars produced from that date are not Good Delivery; Russian bars already in loco London/Swiss before then remain Good Delivery, with clearing banks attesting conformity.
معيارMined and produced precious metals (except nuggets) must, after the necessary processing, go for refining to organisations on the Government list (41-FZ art. 20(1)); only listed organisations may refine (art. 4(4)); the refining agreement's mandatory terms and the refiner's reporting duties are set …
نص القانونFederal Law 41-FZ, art. 20(1)
Switzerland: purchase, import, transit and transport into and through Switzerland of gold under Annex 26 (includes HS 7108) originating in Russia and exported from Russia after 4 August 2022 are prohibited (Art. 14d(1)); the same applies to such gold processed in a third country (Art. 14d(2)) and, s…
نص القانونSwiss Ukraine Ordinance SR 946.231.176.72 (Stand 21.09.2026), Art. 14d
EU: it is prohibited to purchase, import or transfer, directly or indirectly, gold listed in Annex XXVI (HS 7108; 7112 91 gold waste and scrap; ex 7118 90 gold coins) that originates in Russia and was exported from Russia into the Union or to any third country after 22 July 2022 (art. 3o(1)); the sa…
نص القانونRegulation (EU) 833/2014 as amended by 2022/1269, art. 3o
Japan: import of precious metals originating in Russia and shipped from Russia on or after 1 August 2022 requires the Minister of Finance's permission under FEFTA art. 19(2) (MOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 July 2022, item 4); the government announced it on 5 July 2022 as an import ban.
نص القانونMOF Notice No 443 of 2006 as amended 25 Jul 2022, item 4
UK: import of gold originating in Russia and exported from Russia on or after 21 July 2022 is prohibited (reg 46Z11, Chapter 4J inserted by SI 2022/850, in force 21 Jul 2022), with prohibitions on acquisition with intent to import, supply and delivery, technical assistance, financial services and br…
نص القانونRussia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, regs 46Z11-46Z16, 46Z16A-46Z16C
US: import of gold of Russian Federation origin is prohibited from 28 Jun 2022, except gold located outside Russia before that date (OFAC determination under E.O. 14068 s. 1(a)(i)(A), amended version of 22 Dec 2023). U.S. persons may not deal with the Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund or the Mi…
نص القانونE.O. 14068 and the OFAC determination; E.O. 14024 as amended by E.O. 14114, E.O. 14068 s. 1(a)(i)(A); E.O. 14024 s. 11
“the importation into the United States of … products of Russian Federation origin”
Temporary ban from 1 June to 30 November 2026 on export from Russia of precious-metal waste and scrap (HS 7112) and electrical and electronic waste used mainly to recover precious metals (8549 21 000 0, 8549 29 000 0), with exceptions for samples of up to 500 g per batch exported by listed refiners …
نص القانونGovernment Decree 558 of 16.05.2026, para 1
Legal entities, entrepreneurs and artist-jewellers operating with precious metals must be on the FPP special register kept in GIIS DMDK; those that should be registered and are not may not carry out operations (41-FZ art. 13¹(2)). Registration within 30 calendar days of state registration (Rules pa…
نص القانون41-FZ art. 13¹; Government Decree 1052 (Rules paras 2, 5), art. 13¹
Precious metals and products from them are transported by air, sea, inland water, rail or specialised equipped road vehicles under armed escort; raw materials with less than 1% gold (or 5% silver), jewellery, investment metals (within a weight limit set by the Government) and some other items may mo…
نص القانونFederal Law 41-FZ, art. 29(3)
المرحلة 3: الهند
حيث تصل البضاعة
- 22
Declare jewellery beyond the special allowance (40 g female / 20 g other passengers, residents or tourists of Indian origin abroad more than one year) and any gold other than ornaments electronically in CBD-I before the green channel, and pay duty (eligible passengers may import up to 1 kg of gold at the concessional rate of 45/2025 S. No. 194, duty in convertible foreign currency)
- من
- International passenger
- يُصدر
- Baggage declaration
نص القانونBaggage Rules 2026 r.6 and Annexure-I; Customs Baggage (Declaration and Processing) Regulations 2026 reg. 3; 45/2025 S. No. 194, condition 23, r.6; reg. 3
- 23
Offer bullion on an IIBX spot/T+2 contract (only suppliers and trading members may sell; QJs and TRQ holders are buy-only)
- من
- IIBX Qualified Supplier (LBMA- or UAEGD-approved refiner/supplier)
- يتطلب
- BDR for bars deposited in IFSC vault
إرشاد رسمي - 24
Clear and settle the trade: funds every 3 hours, BDRs every 30 minutes
- من
- Bullion exchange in GIFT IFSC (IIBX) and its clearing house
- يُصدر
- IIBX trade and settlement confirmation
إرشاد رسمي
الضرائب والرسوم
Duty-free special allowance for jewellery (Baggage Rules 2026 r.6)
Duty-free jewellery up to 40 g (female passenger) or 20 g (other passengers) Residents or tourists of Indian origin residing abroad for more than one year, in bona fide baggage; gold or silver in any form other than ornaments is excluded from the general free allowance (Annexure-I item 5)
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدBaggage Rules 2026, r.6; r.5 and Annexure-I item 5
India-UAE CEPA tariff rate quota for gold (22/2022-Customs TABLE III S. No. 12)
In-quota BCD 10% + AIDC 4% (14%) from 13 May 2026 (18/2026); 4% + 1% (5%) from 24 Jul 2024 (31/2024); 6.6% + 2.5% as notified in 2022 Gold of 71081100, 71081210, 71081290, 71081310, 71081390 (all goods) of UAE origin within the TRQ quantity: 200 tonnes from 1 Apr 2026 (09/2026); 180 tonnes FY 2025-26 (21/2025); 120 tonnes "other than Gold Dore Bar" in 2022
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدNotification 22/2022-Customs TABLE III S. No. 12, conditions 1 and 2, as substituted/amended by 31/2024, 21/2025, 09/2026 and 18/2026
BCD and AIDC on other chapter 71 goods from 13 May 2026 (7107, 7109, 7110, 7111, 7112, 7118; findings; spent catalyst)
BCD 10% (45/2025 S. No. 202 as substituted and S. No. 203 findings, by 15/2026); AIDC: findings of gold or silver 5%, platinum findings 5.4% (15F), 7107 and 7109 5%, 7111 5.4%, 7118 5%, 7112 other than spent catalyst 5% (16/2026); spent catalyst or ash BCD 10% (S. No. 200A, to 31 Mar 2027), AIDC 4.35% (15E) Headings 7107, 7109, 7110, 7111, 7112, 7118
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدCustoms duty on gold dore
5.35% combined (BCD 5% + AIDC 0.35%) Gold dore bars with gold content not over 95% imported by actual users for refining (45/2025 S. No. 192, conditions 3 and 22)
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد30/2024 (BCD); 32/2024 (AIDC); from 1 Nov 2025 45/2025 S. No. 192
Customs duty on gold dore from 13 May 2026: BCD 10% + AIDC
BCD 10% + AIDC 4.35% (11/2021 Sl. No. 15B, gold dore bar) = 14.35% Gold dore bar with gold content not over 95% (45/2025 S. No. 192), subject to conditions 3 (IGCR Rules 2022) and 22 (see in.cr-refinery-au)
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد45/2025-Customs S. No. 192 as amended by 15/2026; 11/2021 Sl. No. 15B (inserted by 03/2023, rate 4.35% set by 16/2026)
Customs duty on gold bars (BCD + AIDC), July 2022 - July 2024
15% (dore 14.35%) HS 7108 bars; dore
إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكدCustoms duty on gold bars: BCD 5% + AIDC 1% (24 Jul 2024 - 12 May 2026)
6% combined (BCD 5%, AIDC 1%, SWS exempt) Gold bars (HS 7108)
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدNotification 30/2024-Customs (BCD, amending 50/2017; carried at 5% into 45/2025 S. No. 196 from 1 Nov 2025); 32/2024-Customs (AIDC Sl. No. 15D 1%)
Customs duty on gold bars from 13 May 2026: BCD 10% + AIDC 5% (SWS exempt)
15% combined (BCD 10%, AIDC 5%) All goods of heading 7108 other than dore (45/2025 TABLE I S. No. 196); silver 7106 likewise (S. No. 197)
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد45/2025-Customs S. No. 196 as amended by 15/2026 (BCD "5%" -> "10%"); 11/2021-Customs Sl. No. 15D as amended by 16/2026 (AIDC "5%"); 11/2018-Customs Sl. No. 1 (SWS exemption includes 7108)
IGST on gold (Schedule IV, 3%)
3% Heading 7108 gold (Schedule IV S. No. 5) and 7113 jewellery (S. No. 10), among other chapter 71 goods
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدNotification 9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate), para 1(iv) and Schedule IV, Schedule IV S. Nos. 5 and 10
IGST exemption on gold imported by listed banks and agencies
IGST nil Gold or silver imported by the banks in List 13, gold by the banks in List 14 (incl. SBER Bank from 25 Jun 2025, domestic consumption only), gold/silver/platinum by the entities in List 15 (HHEC, MSTC, Diamond India) of 45/2025
نص القانون45/2025-Customs TABLE I S. No. 198, column (5); Lists 13-15; 06/2026
Concessional duty on gold bars/coins brought by an eligible passenger
BCD 10% from 13 May 2026 (5% before); AIDC 4.35% (11/2021 Sl. No. 15C as substituted by 44/2025 and amended by 16/2026) Gold bars (non-tola) with engraved serial number and metric weight, gold coins of 99.5% or more, and other gold except studded ornaments, up to 1 kg per eligible passenger (Indian-origin passenger or passport holder after six months abroad), duty paid in convertible foreign currency (condition 23)
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد45/2025-Customs S. No. 194 and condition 23, as amended by 15/2026; 11/2021 Sl. No. 15C (44/2025, 16/2026)
BIS hallmarking fee
Rs 45 per gold article, minimum Rs 200 per consignment, payable by the jeweller to the AHC; BIS levies Rs 4.50 per article (minimum Rs 20) from the AHC; applicable taxes extra
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدBIS (Hallmarking) Regulations 2018, Schedule IV as substituted by the Amendment Regulations 2022, Schedule IV, paras 1(a)-(b)
الضوابط
No person may receive Rs 200000 or more in cash (in aggregate from a person in a day, in a single transaction, or for transactions relating to one event or occasion from a person); only account payee cheque or draft, ECS through a bank account or prescribed electronic modes. Penalty equal to the sum…
Rs 200000
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدIncome-tax Act, 2025, ss.186, 451
Gold Advance Authorisations capped at 100 kg; physical inspection for first-time applicants; next AA only after 50% of prior export obligation; fortnightly CA-certified reporting.
100 kg per AA
مصدر ثانويالمبلغ غير مؤكدPassengers carrying dutiable or prohibited goods must declare their accompanied baggage electronically in Customs Baggage Declaration CBD-I, with supporting documents, before entering the green channel; gold or silver other than ornaments is outside the free allowances.
نص القانونCustoms Baggage (Declaration and Processing) Regulations 2026; Baggage Rules 2026, reg. 3(1); r.5 and Annexure-I item 5
Trade credit (supplier's or buyer's credit incl. LC usance) for gold in any form max 90 days from shipment (C.11.2); QJs and TRQ holders may remit advances for IIBX purchases for eleven days, unused advance returned to the same AD bank within eleven days, Bill of Entry submitted to the remitting ban…
إرشاد رسميRBI Master Direction - Import of Goods and Services, paras C.7, C.11.1-C.11.4
Gold of heading 7108 is "Restricted": imported only by nominated banks and nominated agencies (consignment basis), and by IFSCA-notified Qualified Jewellers and valid India-UAE CEPA TRQ holders through IIBX under specific ITC(HS) codes (71081210, 71081290); all domestic sale of gold is against upfro…
إرشاد رسميITC(HS) Schedule I policy conditions (DGFT notifications 49/2015-2020, 35/2023, 08/2025-26); RBI Master Direction C.11.1(ii); 45/2025-Customs condition 22, RBI MD para C.11.1(ii)
Gold jewellery and artefacts may be sold only by BIS-registered jewellers and must bear a hallmark to IS 1417 (cl. 2); the Order applies only to the districts in its Annexure (cl. 1A) - 385 districts in 26 States/UTs since S.O. 2117(E) of 28 Apr 2026. Exempt (cl. 2(3)): articles for export to buyer …
نص القانونHallmarking Order 2020 as amended (S.O. 2481(E) 2021; S.O. 1594(E) 2022; S.O. 2117(E) 2026), cls. 1A, 2
IIBX accepts only bars from LBMA Good Delivery or UAE Good Delivery refiners (spot: LBMA 995 1 kg, UAEGD 999 100 g).
إرشاد رسميGold, silver and platinum jewellery (CTH 7113) moved from Free to Restricted from 1 Apr 2026, and articles, clad items and non-legal-tender coins from 2 Apr 2026; no transitional relief; exemptions for EOU/SEZ (no DTA sale), FTP export schemes and CEPA TRQ lines.
مصدر ثانويDealers in precious metals and stones that engage in cash transactions with a customer of Rs 10 lakh or more (single or apparently linked) are persons carrying on a designated business or profession and so reporting entities; CBIC (DGA) is their regulator. They must register with FIU-IND (FINGate 2.…
Rs 10 lakh cash
نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكدPMLA s.2(1)(sa)(iv), ss.11A, 12, 12AA; PMLR rr.3, 8, 9; G.S.R. 799(E) and 800(E) of 28 Dec 2020; DGA guidelines 2023, PMLA ss.2(1)(sa)(iv), 12, 12AA; PMLR r.8
CEPA preference on gold requires UAE origin: the product-specific rule for 710812 is "Certified UAE/ India good delivery gold bars in different denomination"; goods must be transported directly (art. 3.12) and origin proved under the Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements)…
نص القانونCEPA Annex 3B (PSR 710812), arts 3.12-3.14; Notification 22/2022-Customs proviso to para 1
المرحلة 4: سويسرا
العودة إلى بلد المنشأ: عائدات التصدير
- 25
Identify contracting party and beneficial owner; assess source of wealth/funds for the specific bullion; sanctions/PEP screening
- من
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- يُصدر
- Bank KYC file (CDB 20): name, date of birth, nationality, domicile and ID for natural persons; company name, registered office and proof for entities; Form A - declaration of the beneficial owner of the assets; Form K - controlling persons with 25%+ of an operating entity (CDB 20 Art. 20-21)
معيارDowngraded 2026-09-28 from primary-law: the provisions cited are CDB 20 (a self-regulatory agreement of the SBA, held and read for Arts. 4, 7, 20-21, 27-28); the AMLA itself was not read for this step. The SBA says the revised CDB will not be available until 1 Jan 2027 at the earliest. [unconfirmed] Source-of-wealth assessment and sanctions/PEP screening were not found in the CDB 20 text read. [time-limited] The GwG consolidation of 1 Oct 2026 amends the AMLA widely; effects not assessed.
AMLA; SBA Agreement on due diligence (CDB 20), CDB 20 Art. 4 (identification; precious-metals trading and cash transactions over CHF 15,000 are separate cases), Art. 7 (data recorded), Art. 20-21 (controlling persons 25%+, Form K), Art. 27-28 (beneficial owner, Form A)
- 26
Seller presents bar list, refiner's assay certificate, chain-of-custody documentation, commercial invoice, proof of title
- من
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- يُصدر
- Commercial invoice from the seller to the bank (VAT law requires one only if the buyer asks for it: MWSTG Art. 26(1); contents Art. 26(2); the sale of investment gold is VAT-exempt: Art. 23(2) Ziff. 12)
مصدر ثانويA bar not from an LBMA Good-Delivery-listed refiner generally cannot be sold to a major bank without re-refining - this is market practice, not itself a statute Commercial invoice and delivery receipt are practice (no primary source); "proof of title" for allocated bars is the weight list plus the custody contract - no statutory title document found.
- 27
Verify bars against the bank's accepted-refiner list / Good Delivery List; settle loco Zurich or loco London, allocated or unallocated
- من
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
- يُصدر
- Settlement confirmation / custody account entry; Allocated account weight list (specific bars = ownership) or unallocated account statement (contractual claim only)
مصدر ثانوي - 28
Record the transaction and the clarifications made; retain the records for at least ten years after the end of the business relationship or completion of the transaction
- من
- Swiss bank (bullion buyer)
نص القانونThe official fedlex consolidation of the GwG is now held on the server and the article was read there; this replaces the earlier reading on droit-bilingue.ch and fedlex by WebFetch. The ten-year retention is written in words in the law (zehn Jahren), so it is kept in words here and not as an amount: the verifier reads number words in English only.
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), GwG Art. 7 Abs. 1 (records of transactions and clarifications)
“Der Finanzintermediär muss über die getätigten Transaktionen und über die nach diesem Gesetz erforderlichen Abklärungen Belege so erstellen, dass fachkundige Dritte sich ein zuverlässiges Urteil über die Transaktionen und Geschäftsbeziehungen sowie über die Einhaltung der Bestimmungen dieses Gesetzes bilden können.”
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), Art. 7 Abs. 3 (kept at least ten years)
“Nach Beendigung der Geschäftsbeziehung oder nach Abschluss der Transaktion be- wahrt er die Belege mindestens während zehn Jahren auf.”
Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA/GwG) (articles in refs), Art. 2 Abs. 2 Bst. a (banks are financial intermediaries)
“Finanzintermediäre sind: a.10 die Banken nach Artikel 1a des Bankengesetzes”
العبور بين الدول
سويسرا → روسيا غير مدروس
المستندات العابرة: Refiner outturn/assay report (Switzerland); Purchase book: customer, ID proof, acceptance date, description and marking, weight on acceptance, weight after melting, completion; Bar list (serials, weights, fineness); Passar export declaration (HS 7108); Veranlagungsverfuegung Ausfuhr; Air waybill (outbound)
روسيا → الهند مدروس
المستندات العابرة: FPP application for import control; Act of state control on import; EAEU goods declaration for import / customs processing; Minfin conclusion (permissive document) approving an export-licence application (Order 10n from 1 Sep 2026); EAEU export licence issued by Minpromtorg (one-off or general); Application (zayavka / letter-application) for FPP state control on export or import, filed in GIIS DMDK; Calculation of the value of precious metals in the consignment; Act of state control (akt gosudarstvennogo kontrolya) of the Federal Assay Chamber; Export goods declaration (accepted and released by customs); Certificate of origin (general form) for non-EAEU destinations; Packing list; Air waybill