Zimbabwe [state buyer/exporter (FGR) or gold dealing licensee] → Australia (refine) → South Africa · Sale of refined gold and receipt of proceeds

حيث تبدأ البضاعة

Doré bar - unstamped → Pre-refined 995 bar (e.g. 'Dubai 995')

• Export duty and customs clearance fee

  none on export ('No duties are payable on export'); clearance fee per Form 21

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001, s.62(1)(a)(ii); s.175 (clearance fee)

• Gold dealing licence fee

  US$200,000 per year

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Gold Trade (Licence Fees) Notice 1978, Schedule 2, as replaced by SI 32 of 2023

• Presumptive tax on small-scale miners

  0% of the purchase price of precious metals Precious metals bought from small-scale miners

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Finance Act [Chapter 23:04] s.22C(1)(b) as substituted by Finance Act 2024 s.6, s.22C(1)(b)

• Gold royalty, artisanal and small-scale miners

  2% (reported, 2025-2026); previously 1% Gold sold by artisanal and small-scale miners

  مصدر ثانويالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Mines and Minerals Act s.244-245; Finance Act [Chapter 23:04] Schedule to Chapter VII; Income Tax Act 37th Schedule, MMA ss.244-245; 37th Schedule paras 2-3, 7

• Gold royalty, 'gold produced by other miners' (price-banded, from 1 January 2026)

  3% (sold 'at a time when its price is US$1 200 per ounce'); 5% (above US$1,200 but below US$5,000 per ounce); 10% (above US$5,000 per ounce) 'Gold produced by other miners' (the Schedule item replaced by the Finance Act 2025; the item for small-scale miners is separate and not held)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Finance Act 2025 s.61 (Schedule to Chapter VII of the Finance Act [Chapter 23:04]); Income Tax Act 37th Schedule, s.61; 37th Schedule paras 2, 3, 7

• Gold royalty, large-scale producers (before Finance Act 2025)

  3% below US$1,200/oz; 5% above US$1,200/oz

  مصدر ثانويالمبلغ غير مؤكد

• Implicit cost: 10% ZiG payment to small-scale miners and FGR discount to spot

  ~5% below spot (best FGR tier) plus 10% of value paid in ZiG (ASM) / 30% (LSM)

  مصدر ثانويالمبلغ غير مؤكد

• Exporters surrender 30% of gross proceeds to the RBZ at the interbank rate and retain 70% indefinitely (retention cut from 75% to 70% in the February 2025 MPS); 50% surrender on overdue proceeds; proceeds due within 90 days.

  30% of gross export receipts

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Exchange Control Regulations SI 109/1996; RBZ FX Guidelines FXD5/2026, Regulations ss.5, 35(1)(c); Guidelines paras 3.2.2, 3.2.3; Directive FXD5/2026 para 2

• Gold Trade Act licensees and permit holders are 'precious metals dealers' (MLPC Act s.13): identify and verify customers who pay 'in currency equal to or exceeding fifteen thousand United States dollars' (s.15(2)(d)) and whenever ML/TF is suspected, and the beneficial owner (s.15(3)); EDD for PEPs (…

  US$15,000 CDD threshold for occasional transactions

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • MLPC Act [9:24]; FIU DPMS Guidance (2026), MLPC Act ss.13, 15(2)(d), 15(3), 20, 24, 30, 31; Guidance paras 155, 172

• Authorised gold bars are FGR-produced 99.5% bars of gazetted weights and dimensions bearing the FGR hallmark; defacing, altering, counterfeiting or smelting them is an offence (level 14 fine or up to 15 years).

  نص القانون

  • Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03] as amended by Finance Act 2025, ss.2, 3, 12A

• A traveller may take out at most 'US$2,000 or its equivalent in any other currency, combination of currencies or gold coins' in foreign cash, and ZiG cash equivalent to US$2,000 (FX Guidelines 3.2.33-3.2.34). Personal-use gold articles in baggage are exempt from the export prohibition (Exchange Cont…

  US$2,000

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), paras 3.2.33-3.2.34

• All gold won must be delivered 'not later than the 10th of every month' to the holder of a gold dealing licence (GTA s.6(1)), who 'shall deal with such gold in accordance with directions issued to him by the Minister responsible for finance' (s.6(3)). Only licence or permit holders, location holders…

  All gold, any quantity

  نص القانون

  • Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03], ss.3(1), 4, 5, 6(1), 6(3)

• Gold Trade Enforcement Unit (FGR staff plus police) may inspect mining locations and premises, examine documents and devices, and seize gold; obstruction is an offence.

  نص القانون

  • Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03] Part IIIA, ss.22B-22E

• Payment for gold delivered to refineries: ASGM not more than 90% foreign currency / not less than 10% ZiG; LSGM 70% / 30% (from 1 March 2026).

  إرشاد رسمي

  • RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.29

• 'No person shall dispatch by post any postal article containing gold unless he is authorized to do so by any regulation' (GTA s.10(1)); authorised: licence holders, permit holders, location holders or tributors and their employees or agents (GT Regulations reg 8); suspect articles may be detained an…

  نص القانون

  • Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03]; Gold Trade Regulations 1978, s.10; reg 8

• No person may export gold unless authorised by an exchange control authority (Exchange Control Regulations s.20(1)(e)); 'All exports of Gold require prior Reserve Bank approval', applied for by the authorised dealer on the Document Management System with 'The Gold Export Certificate', 'Gold Dealersh…

  نص القانون

  • Exchange Control Regulations SI 109/1996; Exchange Control Act; RBZ FX Guidelines FXD5/2026, Regulations s.20(1)(e); Act s.5(4c); Guidelines para 3.2.30

    “a fine of three times the value of the item”

• 'No person shall smelt or change the form of any manufactured article containing gold unless he has received the permission of the Minister' (GTA s.12(1)); fine up to level nine or two years (s.12(2)).

  نص القانون

  • Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03], s.12

• Contravening s.3(1): without special circumstances 'imprisonment for a period of not less than five years or more than ten years', not suspendable (s.3(3)(a), (4)); with special circumstances up to five years or a fine up to level nine or twice the value of the gold (s.3(3)(b)); the same for ss.4, 5…

  نص القانون

  • Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03], ss.3(3)-(4), 24, 30

• On 4 March 2024 the US ended the Zimbabwe sanctions programme and designated President Mnangagwa and 10 other individuals plus Sakunda Holdings, Fossil Agro and Fossil Contracting under Global Magnitsky, citing involvement in gold and diamond smuggling networks. FGR is not named. US persons must scr…

  إرشاد رسمي

في الطريق

Pre-refined 995 bar (e.g. 'Dubai 995') → 999.9 kilobar

• GST - first supply of precious metal after refining

  GST-free (0%, input credits allowed) First supply of precious metal after its refining by, or on behalf of, the supplier, where the refiner is a "refiner of precious metal" and the recipient a "dealer in precious metal" (each: an entity that satisfies the Commissioner of the activity - s.195-1)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, s.38-385; s.195-1

• GST on importation of precious metal

  Non-taxable importation (precious metal); otherwise GST 10% of the value of the taxable importation (customs value plus international transport and insurance, s.13-20) Imported gold that meets the precious-metal definition is a non-taxable importation because its supply would be input taxed or GST-free (s.13-10(b)); dore and other gold outside the definition is a taxable importation

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, ss.13-5, 13-10(b), 13-20

• GST - other supplies of precious metal

  Input taxed (no GST charged; no input tax credits) Gold (in an investment form) of at least 99.5% fineness (s.195-1 precious metal); "investment form" is not defined in the Act - the ATO describes it as a coin, wafer, bar or other tradeable form with an internationally accepted hallmark (LBMA-approved for gold)

  نص القانون

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, s.40-100; s.195-1

• GST reverse charge on supplies of goods containing valuable metal

  10% of the price, payable by the recipient A taxable supply of goods consisting wholly or partly of valuable metal (gold, silver, platinum) to a recipient registered or required to be registered, where the market value of the goods does not exceed the valuable metal threshold (i.e. is not at least 10% above the value of the metal in them) or the parties agree in writing - e.g. scrap, dore and other non-investment gold

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999, Division 86 (ss.86-5, 86-10, 86-25); s.195-1 valuable metal

• Customs duty on gold

  Free HS 7108.11.00, 7108.12.00, 7108.13.00, 7108.20.00 and 7112.91.00 (general rate Free; the rate footnote: FTA originating goods Free unless otherwise shown)

  إرشاد رسميالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Customs Tariff Act 1995, Schedule 3

• Buying or selling bullion (gold, silver, platinum or palladium as a bar, coin, ingot, plate, wafer or like form, bearing a mark guaranteeing fineness and traded by reference to the spot price) in the course of carrying on a bullion-dealing business is a designated service: enrolment, AML/CTF program…

  نص القانون

  • AML/CTF Act 2006, s.5 (bullion); s.6(3) table 2 item 1; ss.39E, 41, 43, 51B

• Buying or selling precious metal (gold, silver, platinum-group metals, or an alloy with at least 2% of them, manufactured or not), precious stones or precious products in the course of carrying on a business, where the purchase involves physical currency and/or virtual assets totalling $10,000 or mo…

  $10,000 in physical currency and/or virtual assets

  نص القانون

  • AML/CTF Act 2006 as amended by the AML/CTF Amendment Act 2024, s.5A; s.6(3) table 2 item 2; Amendment Act s.2 and Sch 3 Pt 4 items 11-12

    “buying or selling one or more of the following items in the course of carrying on a business, where the purchase involves the transfer of physical currency or virtual assets (or a combination of physical currency and virtual assets) with a total value of not less than $10,000, whether the purchase is made in a single transaction or in several transactions that are linked or appear to be linked: (a) precious metal; (b) precious stones; (c) precious products”

• Export markets accept Australian bars through the refiner's LBMA Good Delivery listing and exchange accreditations (CME, SGE, OSE, DGCX for the Perth Mint).

  ممارسة السوق

• No economy-wide cap on cash payments was found. Reporting entities must report threshold transactions (transfers of $10,000 or more in physical currency) to AUSTRAC within 10 business days (s.43; s.5). Moving monetary instruments worth $10,000 or more into or out of Australia must be reported (s.53)…

  $10,000 (reporting, not a limit)

  نص القانون

  • AML/CTF Act 2006, ss.5, 43, 53

    “monetary instrument means any of the following: (a) physical currency; (b) a bearer negotiable instrument; (c) a thing prescribed by the AML/CTF Rules.”

• No foreign-exchange control or repatriation requirement on gold export proceeds was identified.

  غير مؤكَّد

• No export permit or licence for gold (it is not a prohibited export). The owner must enter goods for export by an export declaration and may not load them without an authority to deal (export entry advice); consignments with an FOB value of $2,000 or less are exempt unless a permission is required. …

  FOB value above $2,000

  نص القانون

  • Customs Act 1901, ss.113(1)-(2A), 113AA, 114, 114C, 116

    “an FOB value not exceeding $2,000 or such other amount as is prescribed”

• Origin and CAHRA due diligence on supplies is imposed on Australian refiners by the LBMA RGG as a Good Delivery condition, not by Australian statute.

  مصدر ثانوي

• Importing, purchasing or transporting gold (HS 7108) that was exported from Russia after 30 Sep 2022 is a sanctioned import (Designation Sch 1 item 16; AS Regulations reg 4A(1)-(3)) and an offence unless authorised by a permit of the Minister for Foreign Affairs under reg 18(1)(b) (reg 12A); it exte…

  نص القانون

  • Autonomous Sanctions (Import Sanctioned Goods-Russia) Designation 2022 Sch 1 item 16; Autonomous Sanctions Regulations 2011 regs 4A, 12A, 18; Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 s.16

• Supplying, selling or transferring an item of gold, precious metals and diamonds so that it is transferred to the Government of Syria (or its public bodies, agents or controlled entities) is a sanctioned supply, and importing or purchasing such an item from them is a sanctioned import; both are offe…

  نص القانون

  • Autonomous Sanctions Regulations 2011, regs 4(4), 4A(4), 12, 12A, 18

حيث تصل البضاعة

• VAT on other domestic supplies of gold

  15% Domestic gold supplies not zero-rated (e.g. recycled gold to banks; sales to traders)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Value-Added Tax Act 1991

• VAT zero-rating of gold supplied to the SARB, SA Mint and banks

  0% Refined primary gold sold to the SARB, the SA Mint or a registered bank; recycled gold excluded (Lueven Metals, ZACC 23 June 2026)

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Value-Added Tax Act 1991, s.11(1)(f)

• SADPMR licence and permit fees

  Refining licence R20,000; beneficiation licence R5,000; jeweller's permit R500; import permit R1,000; certificate R1,000; special permit R5,000; appeal R500 (Annexure A, 2014) Applications and renewals

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • Precious Metals Regulations, Annexure A as substituted by GN R737 (GG 38014, 22 Sept 2014)

• A business dealing in high-value goods (items valued in that business at R100,000 or more) is an accountable institution for transactions in which it receives payment of R100,000 or more (Schedule 1 item 20, from 19 Dec 2022): FIC registration (s.43B), risk management and compliance programme (s.42)…

  Payment of R100,000 or more in a transaction; goods valued at R100,000 or more

  نص القانونالمبلغ غير مؤكد

  • FICA 38 of 2001, Schedule 1 item 20; ss.20A-21H, 22-23, 28, 29, 42, 43B

• A UN Security Council Chapter VII resolution identifying persons or entities 'has immediate effect for the purposes of this Act upon its adoption' (FICA s.26A(1)); the FIC Director must give notice of it (s.26A(3)). No person may, directly or indirectly, acquire, collect, use, possess or own propert…

  نص القانون

  • FICA 38 of 2001, ss.26A-26C

    “A resolution adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations when acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, providing for financial sanctions which entail the identification of persons or entities against whom member states of the United Nations must take the actions specified in the resolution, has immediate effect for the purposes of this Act upon its adoption by the Security Council of the United Nations.”

• Contravening s.5(4) (as enacted; replaced by s.5A from 7 June 2013), 19, 20(2) or 28 is an offence with a fine up to R100 000 or up to two years' imprisonment, or both (s.99(1)(a)); failing to notify the Minister before beneficiating abroad (s.26(3)) carries up to R500 000 for each day (s.99(1)(f)).

  نص القانون

  • MPRDA 2002, ss.98, 99(1)(a), 99(1)(f)

• Goods exported for sale must be sold, and the full proceeds received, not later than six months from shipment; an Authorised Dealer may allow credit of up to 12 months. Proceeds must be offered for sale to an Authorised Dealer within 30 days or dealt with under the CFC rules. The Authorised Dealer r…

  إرشاد رسمي

  • Exchange Control Regulations; Currency and Exchanges Manual, Regs 6, 10, 11; B.18(B), (D)

• No export of unwrought or semi-fabricated gold except with the approval of the National Treasury under the Exchange Control Regulations, granted with the Minister's concurrence (PMA s.12(1)); no gold may be exported without Treasury permission (Reg 3); applications to export gold in any form are ref…

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Act; Exchange Control Regulations, PMA s.12(1); Reg 3

• Producers submit gold specimens (nuggets, concentrate, dore) to the SAPS Forensic Science Laboratory every six months, and importers submit specimens of imported metal, building a forensic database to trace seized gold to its source.

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Act; Precious Metals Regulations, s.22(1); reg 29

    “Any producer or any person who imports precious metal must submit to the Forensic Science Laboratory of the South African Police Service such specimens of any precious metals produced or imported by him or her as may be prescribed.”

• Except with Treasury permission, only authorised dealers may buy, borrow, sell or lend gold other than wrought gold (Reg 2). A resident entitled to sell gold must offer it for sale to the Treasury within 30 days unless exempted (Reg 5). Producers exempted by FinSurv from Reg 5 may sell their total o…

  نص القانون

  • Exchange Control Regulations 1961, Regs 2, 5, 22

• No import of unwrought or semi-fabricated precious metal without an SADPMR import permit (valid up to one year), issued after consulting the National Commissioner and the National Treasury, on documentary proof of origin (s.10(2)); the Regulator or SAPS may inspect and sample imported metal (s.10(3)…

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Act, s.10, s.22(1)

    “must state the origin of the precious metal in question, the purpose of the import”

• Export approval requires projections of monthly production against sales showing the applicant contributes to local demand; approval only where provision has been made to meet local demand for beneficiation.

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Regulations; Precious Metals Act, reg 23(3)(a) as substituted by GN R387

• Minted gold bars must be 10, 50 or 100 g, of prescribed dimensions and at least 999.9 fine (reg 28, Annexure B Table 1); only approved manufacturers may make them and no more than 500 000 troy ounces a year may be manufactured (reg 27B).

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Regulations, regs 27B, 28; Annexure B

    “The quantity of minted bars that maybe manufactured in the Republic may not exceed 500 000 troy ounces in a calendar year”

• Only a refining-licence holder, an authorised dealer, a producer (for gold it won or recovered), an SADPMR certificate holder, a holder of a special permit (metal not exceeding a prescribed mass, for scientific or beneficiation purposes or jewellery) or a beneficiation-licence holder may acquire, po…

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Act, s.4(1), s.20(1)

• Rand Refinery, as an LBMA Good Delivery refiner, applies KYC and conflict-free sourcing policies to depositors and publishes responsible-gold and LBMA compliance reports.

  ممارسة السوق

  • LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance

• Unwrought or semi-fabricated gold may not be carried outside a mine or refinery boundary without the prescribed waybill.

  نص القانون

  • Precious Metals Act; Precious Metals Regulations, s.13; reg 26

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