Zimbabwe [state buyer/exporter (FGR) or gold dealing licensee] → Japan (refine) → United Arab Emirates · Reconcile assays and pay the balance

Register as an exporter in CEPECS through the authorised dealer

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

CEPECS exporter registration

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.1

Obtain the Gold Export Certificate for the lot

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

Gold Export Certificate

[unconfirmed] Issuer and form of the 'Gold Export Certificate' are stated in no text held (FX Guidelines, Gold Trade Act and Regulations, Exchange Control Regulations and General Order all read); requested (zw.gap-gec).

Prepare assays and a pro-forma invoice showing the quantity, price and total value of the gold

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يتطلب

FGR bar list for the export lot

يُصدر

Assays supporting the RBZ export application; Pro-forma invoice: quantity, price and total value of gold to be exported (FXG 3.2.30)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.30

Submit the export application on the RBZ Document Management System with the Gold Export Certificate, Gold Dealership Licence, assays and pro-forma invoice

من

Authorised dealer bank

يتطلب

Gold Export Certificate; Gold dealing licence ('Gold Dealership Licence'); Assays supporting the RBZ export application; Pro-forma invoice: quantity, price and total value of gold to be exported (FXG 3.2.30); CEPECS exporter registration

• Exchange Control Regulations SI 109/1996; RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026, Regulations s.20(1)(e) (no export of gold unless authorised by an exchange control authority); Guidelines para 3.2.30 ('All exports of Gold require prior Reserve Bank approval')

Approve the gold export within 24 working hours and issue an approval reference number

من

Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

يُصدر

RBZ gold export approval (approval reference number on the Document Management System)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.30

Raise the CEPECS Form CD1 quoting the RBZ approval reference

من

Authorised dealer bank

يتطلب

RBZ gold export approval (approval reference number on the Document Management System)

يُصدر

CEPECS Form CD1 (exchange control export form)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), paras 3.2.5, 3.2.30

Issue the commercial invoice to the foreign buyer/refiner (attached to the export entry)

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

Commercial invoice

ZIMRA lists 'Suppliers' invoices' for the export entry; the pro-forma invoice goes to the RBZ (3.2.30). [blocked] ZIMRA page via WebFetch only.

Lodge the export bill of entry (Form 21) through a registered clearing agent in ASYCUDA World before the gold leaves, with the CEPECS Form CD1, the invoice and the RBZ approval; pay the clearance fee - 'No duties are payable on export'

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يتطلب

CEPECS Form CD1 (exchange control export form); RBZ gold export approval (approval reference number on the Document Management System); Commercial invoice

يُصدر

Customs export bill of entry (Form 21, lodged in ASYCUDA World)

[blocked] The ZIMRA clearance page was read only through WebFetch. [unconfirmed] Any gold-specific customs examination is not described.

• Customs and Excise Act [Chapter 23:02]; Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001, Act s.54(1), s.61; Regulations s.62(1)(a); Exchange Control Regulations s.21

Where the buyer or the importing country's customs requires one (e.g. the UAE import declaration, ae.st-18), obtain a certificate of origin from the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce on its form: the exporter declares 'that all the goods are of ZIMBABWE ORIGIN' and the chamber certifies it; the form carries the invoice, consignee and destination, transport, tariff number, description, net weight and the bill of entry number

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يتطلب

Commercial invoice; Customs export bill of entry (Form 21, lodged in ASYCUDA World)

يُصدر

ZNCC certificate of origin for the gold consignment

ZNCC's own form read in full (a chamber, not a regulator). [unconfirmed] Whether FGR or other gold exporters obtain one in practice, its fee and turnaround were not found (requested from ZNCC). [inferred] Treated as optional: no Zimbabwean export rule requires it. [blocked] ZIMRA origin page via WebFetch only.

• Customs and Excise Act [Chapter 23:02]; Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001, Act s.89(1)(a) ('wholly grown or produced' test for unmanufactured goods); Regulations s.25 (certificates of origin for lower duty - imports)

An officer authorises loading by stamping the consignment note or air waybill; the airline accepts the sealed consignment as valuable cargo under the air waybill and the gold must leave Zimbabwe within ten days of the authority

من

Secure logistics provider / airline

يتطلب

Customs export bill of entry (Form 21, lodged in ASYCUDA World)

يُصدر

Air waybill

[inferred] Air freight from Harare is assumed; no Zimbabwe source names the route or carriers.

• Customs and Excise (General) Regulations 2001; Customs and Excise Act, Regulations s.63(1), (3); Act s.55(1)

Land the consignment and place it in a bonded area (保税地域) under customs control; the import declaration is made after the goods enter the bonded area

من

Secure logistics carrier / airline

يتطلب

Air waybill; Commercial invoice; Packing list

• Customs Act, Art. 67-2(1), (3)

If the gold is of Russian origin and was shipped from Russia on or after 1 Aug 2022, obtain the Minister of Finance's permit (application to the Director-General of Customs) before import; customs checks origin from the clearance documents and the markings on the packages

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يُصدر

MOF precious-metals export/import permit

• FEFTA Art. 19(2); Foreign Exchange Order Art. 8; MOF Notice No. 443 of 2006, item 4, Notice item 4

File the written import declaration (goods, quantity, value, origin, consignor); serial-numbered bars go under statistical code 7108.12-010 with the invoice or packing list listing the serial numbers (from 1 Apr 2026); duty rate is free

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يتطلب

Commercial invoice; Invoice / packing list showing the bar serial numbers (customs requirement from 2026); Commercial invoice; Air waybill; Bar list (serials, weights, fineness)

يُصدر

Import declaration / permit (commercial)

• Customs Act; Customs Act Enforcement Order, Customs Act Art. 67; Order Art. 59(1)

Examine the consignment (X-ray, detection equipment, physical inspection) before permitting import

من

Japan Customs

• Customs Act, Art. 67 (goods must undergo necessary inspection)

Pay import consumption tax of 10% (7.8% national + local consumption tax of 22/78 of it = 2.2%) on the customs value plus any duty before the goods leave the bonded area

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يتطلب

Import declaration / permit (commercial)

يُصدر

Import consumption tax receipt

• Consumption Tax Act; Local Tax Act, CTA Arts. 4(2), 5(2), 28(4), 29(i); Local Tax Act Art. 72-83

Grant the import permit; goods released to the importer

من

Japan Customs

يتطلب

Import declaration / permit (commercial); Import consumption tax receipt

يُصدر

Import declaration / permit (commercial)

• Customs Act, Art. 67

Onboard the supplier: KYC and supply-chain due diligence under LBMA RGG (and APTCP verification where the refiner is buying as a dealer)

من

Refinery (LBMA Good Delivery / OSE-designated brand)

يُصدر

Refiner supplier KYC pack; APTCP verification record

• LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance; APTCP, APTCP Art. 4

Receive, weigh, sample and assay the incoming material

من

Refinery (LBMA Good Delivery / OSE-designated brand)

يتطلب

Import declaration / permit (commercial)

يُصدر

Receipt weighing and assay record

Refinery intake practice not documented in a Japanese source read.

Refine and cast 1 kg bars of at least 99.99% fineness stamped with the refiner's trademark, fineness and serial

من

Refinery (LBMA Good Delivery / OSE-designated brand)

يتطلب

Receipt weighing and assay record

يُصدر

Refiner bar certificate; Bar list; Invoice / packing list showing the bar serial numbers (customs requirement from 2026)

الشكل

Doré bar - unstamped → 999.9 kilobar

Settle with the customer on the final assay (metal account credit or purchase, with qualified invoice and consumption tax)

من

Refinery (LBMA Good Delivery / OSE-designated brand)

يتطلب

Receipt weighing and assay record

يُصدر

Refining settlement / final invoice; Qualified invoice

No Japanese refining agreement read.

Publish the annual LBMA RGG assurance report

من

Refinery (LBMA Good Delivery / OSE-designated brand)

يُصدر

LBMA RGG annual assurance report

Deposit deliverable bars (OSE-designated brand, 1,000 g, 99.99%+) in an OSE-designated warehouse (rule: commercial warehouses in Tokyo or Kanagawa; list as at 27 Jul 2020: 7 companies, 9 warehouses, all in Tokyo)

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يتطلب

Refiner bar certificate; Import declaration / permit (commercial)

• OSE delivery procedures, Ⅲ 1-2; Appendices 7-8

Issue a warehouse receipt (倉荷証券) per delivery unit and brand stating product, pieces, brand, quantity, purity, serial numbers, fire insurance, storage fee paid to the delivery period, and theft/loss insurance

من

OSE-designated warehouse

يُصدر

OSE warehouse receipt

• OSE delivery procedures, Ⅲ 1(2)

File the written export declaration (HS 7108; serial-numbered bars under export code 7108.12-100 with the invoice or packing list listing the serial numbers, from 1 Aug 2026) and obtain the export permit

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يتطلب

Bar list; Invoice / packing list showing the bar serial numbers (customs requirement from 2026)

يُصدر

Commercial invoice; Export declaration / permit

• Customs Act; Customs Act Enforcement Order, Customs Act Art. 67; Order Art. 58

If the destination is Russia (or North Korea), obtain the Minister of Finance's permit for the precious-metal export, applying to the Director-General of Customs at least about a week ahead

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يُصدر

MOF precious-metals export/import permit

• FEFTA Art. 19(2); Foreign Exchange Order Art. 8; MOF Notice No. 443 of 2006, items 1 and 3, Notice items 1, 3

If bars are hand-carried and exceed 1 kg (90%+ purity), file the FEFTA carrying declaration

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يُصدر

FEFTA carrying declaration (export)

• FEFTA; Foreign Exchange Order; MOF Ordinance on Foreign Exchange, FEFTA Art. 19(3); FE Order Art. 8-2; FX Ordinance Art. 10

Inspect and release for export; carrier takes custody and issues the air waybill

من

Japan Customs

يتطلب

Export declaration / permit

يُصدر

Air waybill (outbound)

Keep the export permit as proof for the consumption-tax export exemption (0%)

من

Bullion trading company (importer / exporter)

يتطلب

Export declaration / permit

• Consumption Tax Act, Art. 7(1)(i), 7(2)

Pre-contract KYC on the Nigerian exporter: corporate docs, UBO, MBC/export-permit evidence, mine-of-origin declaration

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

Bank-to-bank reference confirmation (not a public letter) on the Nigerian exporter

يُصدر

Importer's KYC/due-diligence pack on the Nigerian exporter; Evidence pack from the Nigerian exporter: export licence/permit, mine location, legal existence of the ASM operation

[conflict] For an ordinary DMCC trader the binding CDD duties are those of CR 134/2025 (Arts. 5-14); DMCC RBD-GPM binds only its Accredited Members (see ae.div-dmcc-role). [inferred] "Highest-scrutiny category" for ASM is the model's reading of Rule 1.6, not a phrase in the Rules.

• DMCC RBD-GPM Rules v2/2020; Cabinet Resolution 134/2025, DMCC Rules 1.4-1.8 (KYC; Rule 1.6 specific requirements for ASM supply), Rules 2.4-2.8 (red flags); CR 134 Art. 25(1) (records at least 5 years)

File the Dubai Customs declaration on Mirsal 2 with invoice, packing list, certificate of origin and air waybill (for a free-zone consignee the Customer Guide's 'FZ Transit In' type appears to apply, not import to local); disclose the precious metals crossing the border

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

Air waybill; Certificate of origin; Origin country's export authorisation for the gold (permit, licence or clearance issued by the mining or trade authority); Commercial invoice; Packing list

يُصدر

Dubai Customs declaration filed online (for goods entering a free zone: "FZ Transit In"); Disclosure of precious metals crossing the UAE border (cargo included)

No UAE import permit for gold: Dubai Customs lists DMCC as restricting authority only for "Pearls, Diamonds, Rough Diamonds etc." (Customer Guide App. I). FZ Transit In (s.15.12.2): "foreign goods originated from any country may be brought into the free zones without being subject to customs duties or taxes. The owner of the goods in the Documents shall be a Free Zone Licensee"; documents MAWB/HAWB, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, packing list, delivery order. Mainland duty: the GCC exempted list's gold line is printed "71060000" (silver's heading) [summary][blocked]. Cross-border disclosure: see ae.doc-pm-disclosure-ae. [unconfirmed] Neither Dubai Customs guide names the declaration type for gold into a DMCC company or the DMCC Vault. [conflict] Supporting documents are due within 14 days (Customer Guide s.15.7) or 30 days (Service Guide v9 App. A) - see ae.div-customs-doc-deadline. KPMG (secondary): periodic "Goods Consumption within FZ" declaration under Dubai Customs Notice 17/2020.

• Dubai Customs Customer Guide v3.03; Dubai Customs Service Guide v9; Federal Decree-Law 10/2025, Customer Guide s.15.12.2 (FZ Transit In), App. J (DMCC declarations at the Customer Service Center at DMCC); FDL 10/2025 Art. 10 (cross-border disclosure)

Import VAT: registered importer accounts for VAT on its own return (reverse charge); investment-grade gold is zero-rated, doré is not

من

DMCC importer / trader

يُصدر

Import VAT accounted on the importer's own VAT return (registered importer)

Investment precious metals = gold, silver or platinum of 99% purity or more, in a form tradeable in global bullion markets (ER Art. 36(2), not amended in the consolidation to CD 100/2025); their supply or import is zero-rated (Art. 45(8)). [inferred] Doré below 99% does not qualify. [unconfirmed] DMCC's absence from the Designated Zones was checked only against the 2017 list (secondary copy). [not-read] FDL 16/2025 amendments (from 1 Jan 2026) not held.

• Federal Decree-Law 8/2017 on VAT; Executive Regulation (Cabinet Decision 52/2017, as amended; consolidated to CD 100/2025), Law Art. 45(8), 48(1), 49; ER Art. 36(2), 48(1), 48(5), 50(1)

If the importer sells the doré to the refiner (rather than toll-refining it): refiner gives two written statements before supply; importer issues a tax invoice without VAT (reverse charge)

من

DMCC importer / trader

يُصدر

Refiner's two written statements: VAT-registered, and buying to resell or use in production; Tax invoice without VAT for the importer-to-refiner sale

[inferred] Conditional: the model reads the reverse charge as not applying where the refiner only toll-refines metal the importer keeps title to; the sources read do not address toll refining.

• Cabinet Decision 127/2024; VAT Executive Regulation, CD 127 Art. 2(1), 2(3) (two written declarations before supply; supplier keeps them and verifies registration), 2(4) (no declarations: no reverse charge); ER Art. 59(1)(l)

Deposit refined bars into DMCC Vault (operated by Brink's)

من

DMCC Vault (operated by Brink's)

يتطلب

Manufacturer certificate accompanying UAEGD bars (states year of manufacture if not stamped)

يُصدر

DMCC Vault deposit/withdrawal receipt; DMCC Tradeflow warrant (optional; used for pledging and title transfer)

DMCC: the Vault is "Owned by DMCC and operated by Brink's Global Services" and "DMCC can assist with all customs processes". [not-read] Deposit/withdrawal documents and any bonded status of the Vault are not published; the receipt document is inferred.

Reconcile the provisional (origin) assay against the Dubai refiner's outturn assay: within the contract's splitting limit the two assays are commonly averaged; beyond it an umpire assay decides (the assay closer to the umpire's is used, and the party further from it pays the umpire); settle the difference and pay the final balance

من

DMCC importer / trader

يتطلب

Refiner outturn/assay report; Commercial invoice

يُصدر

Final invoice from the Nigerian exporter (against Dubai outturn assay); Reconciliation of provisional vs outturn assay; Balance/final payment wire; DPMSR filed in goAML for the final settlement

[unconfirmed] Debit and credit notes are not described in the two contracts read; the Johnson Matthey contract settles by metal credit, adjusted after the umpire result.

• Refining/sale contract settlement clause -- splitting limit + umpire assay if the two figures diverge beyond it

Receive payment within three months (90 days) from export or when contractually due

من

Gold exporter (FGR or other gold dealing licence holder with RBZ approval)

يُصدر

Receipt of export proceeds

• Exchange Control Regulations SI 109/1996; Exchange Control (General) Order SI 110/1996; RBZ FX Guidelines FXD5/2026, Regulations ss.5, 21; General Order s.13(2) ('within three months from the date of export'); Guidelines para 3.2.2

Pre-acquit the Form CD1 within 48 hours of receiving the proceeds

من

Authorised dealer bank

يُصدر

CD1 acquittal (proceeds received)

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026), para 3.2.7

Sell 30% of gross proceeds to the RBZ at the weighted-average willing-buyer willing-seller interbank rate; the exporter keeps 70% indefinitely (50% surrender where proceeds were overdue)

من

Authorised dealer bank

يُصدر

Sale of 30% surrender portion to RBZ at the WBWS interbank rate

[unconfirmed] Whether the general 30% surrender applies to FGR's own gold export proceeds is not stated. The February 2026 MPS (para 233) keeps 70% retention for all sectors 'with the exception of small-scale gold producers, whose retention shall be 90%'.

• RBZ Foreign Exchange Guidelines FXD5/2026 (version 2.0, March 2026); FXD5/2026, FXG para 3.2.3; FXD5 para 2.2