Nelum

Supply Chains — Gemstones

Precious stones, under seal from mine to retail

Diamonds and coloured gemstones move through a chain that is structurally different from metals: sorting and grading instead of assays, auctions instead of bilateral trading, and a government-executed import audit at the border.

Mine

Custody stageKPCS

Registered producers extract rough stones. Provenance starts with proof of legal operation at a verified site.

Registration requirement: Proof of legal operation, location, and mining license or registration where applicable.

Documents at this stage:Mining license / proof of legal operation
Kimberley Process Certification Scheme

How the Kimberley Process actually works

Established in 2003 following UN General Assembly Resolution 55/56, the KPCS is an international, government-backed certification scheme for rough diamonds, built to keep conflict diamonds out of legitimate trade. It operates at the shipment level — a legal certificate per consignment — unlike producer-level standards such as CRAFT in the metals chain.

Sealed, certified shipments
Every rough diamond shipment crossing an international border travels in a tamper-resistant, sealed container accompanied by an original, government-issued Kimberley Process Certificate.
Participants-only trade
Trade is only permitted between KP participant countries — a shipment cannot legally move between a participant and a non-participant.
Physical government verification
At the importing border, a government official must physically open and verify the sealed container and its certificate before the shipment proceeds — stricter than any customs step in the metals chain.
Near-total coverage
The scheme's participants represent countries covering an estimated 99.8% of global rough diamond production, with production and trade statistics reported to the scheme.

Where RJC fits — and where KP stops

The Responsible Jewellery Council covers what the Kimberley Process does not: cut and polished stones, coloured gemstones, precious metals in jewellery, and the manufacturers and retailers handling them. It functions as a business-level chain-of-custody certification — the credential behind the final chain-of-custody audit before goods reach retail.

An honest reading matters here: the KPCS's formal scope is limited to rough diamonds financing rebel movements against governments. It does not, by itself, address broader human rights or state-linked abuses — which is exactly why serious provenance work layers KP certificates, RJC credentials, and registered chain-of-custody records rather than treating any single certificate as full ethical assurance.

Operating in the stones chain?

Sorters, auction houses, cutters, graders, and manufacturers can register free and hold a verifiable Nelum ID alongside their KP and RJC credentials.

Get your free Nelum ID